1586:
296:
106:
65:
1020:
839:
1634:
88:
1577:
1621:
1602:
1526:
275:
1557:
1539:
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530:
575:
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626:. Lin Biao was the youngest and Zhu De was the oldest of the ten Marshals aged 48 and 69 respectively at time of conferment. Luo Ronghuan was the first to die at age 61 in 1963 and Nie Rongzhen was the last to die aged 93 in 1992. Three of the ten Marshals were addressed by their honorific of 老总 (Lao Zong, or "Old Chief") by Chairman Mao himself due to their seniority and long service. These were
880:
859:
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455:
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642:
and Nie
Rongzhen was sometimes also addressed as Lao Zong but not by Chairman Mao personally. One, Lin Biao, was simply addressed as 总 Zong due to his battle honours. He was not addressed as Lao Zong due to his youth and lesser seniority. He was also the only Marshal not to have died in Beijing.
431:
declined the rank upon offer. Chen Yi also initially refused the rank in accordance to Mao's decree since he now primarily worked in government rather than the PLA. However, Zhou Enlai insisted he took it, citing that because all of the other nine
Marshals came from the
618:. Of the other three, Peng Dehuai led the Pingjiang Uprising. Xu Xiangqian missed out on Nanchang but participated in the subsequent Guangzhou Uprising with Ye Jianying. The other was
1951:
2019:
724:
1551:
1947:
448:
whilst working primarily in government as precedence. Thus, he was given an exception and was awarded the rank. As a result, the recipients of the rank were:
681:
1628:
1807:
1051:
1478:
782:
1753:
1596:
295:
610:. Many were surprised at this decision but he did not meet the first and second criterion. Seven of the ten Marshals took part in the
375:
in 1955. However, it was abolished in 1965 and was never restored. Five important criteria must be met to attain the rank of
Marshal:
372:
111:
190:
in other nations. It was given to distinguished generals during China's dynastic and republican periods. A higher level rank of
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1239:
1186:
2004:
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169:
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197:
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1701:
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1624:
1529:
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2014:
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436:, if he didn't take the rank, there would be nobody of the Marshal rank to represent the legacy of the
419:, decreed that cadres who no longer serve in the PLA should lose eligibility for military ranks. Thus,
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750:"CHIEF MARSHAL T'IEN, PATRON OF THE STAGE, OF MUSICIANS AND WRESTLERS—EAST AND SOUTH EAST CHINA"
1840:
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469:
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Been at least a
National Defence Commission Deputy Commissioner prior to receiving the rank.
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The candidate must have played a leading role in the establishment of one or more
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A Field Army
Commander, Area Army commander or equivalent in the
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Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal
Asiatic Society
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393:
Been a
Divisional Commander, equivalent or above in the
606:
was left out but he became the most senior of the ten
242:
on the mainland, but he ultimately never accepted it.
415:
In addition, Chairman Mao, upon refusing the rank of
1282:
186:) was a Chinese military rank that corresponds to a
386:Been a Corps Commander, equivalent or above in the
238:of the Republic of China. It was also proposed for
2020:Military ranks of the People's Republic of China
1996:
1342:
1333:
228:'Grand Marshal'), which corresponds to
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1419:
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1300:
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1264:
1225:
1177:
1045:
811:
371:) was awarded to ten veteran generals of the
336:
154:
54:
48:
42:
1808:Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists
1410:
1401:
1351:
1250:
1211:
1319:
1273:
1187:
223:
29:Chinese military rank equivalent to marshal
1479:
1465:
1052:
1038:
818:
804:
343:Marshal of the People's Republic of China
1059:
747:
73:(marshal), modelled after those of the
14:
1997:
1486:
1460:
1033:
799:
373:People's Liberation Army Ground Force
112:People's Liberation Army Ground Force
287:
368:Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Yuánshuài
24:
622:, who instead assisted Mao in the
25:
2036:
1240:Marshal of the Russian Federation
830:of the People's Republic of China
776:
69:Shoulder boards for the PLA rank
1948:ROC Government retreat to Taiwan
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1619:
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1111:
1097:
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906:
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892:
885:
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871:
864:
857:
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837:
792: (archived February 6, 2012)
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308:
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104:
86:
63:
1937:Yangtze River Crossing campaign
440:, whilst simultaneously citing
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173:
165:
55:
49:
13:
1:
1977:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
1952:PRC incorporation of Xinjiang
1544:Constitutional ROC Government
734:
1966:Wanshan Archipelago Campaign
1702:Chinese Communist Revolution
1379:
1370:
1283:
1257:
657:Other pronunciations of the
406:Chinese Communist Revolution
7:
1562:Republic of China on Taiwan
1530:National Revolutionary Army
1498:Principal belligerents and
1433:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1388:First marshal of the empire
1361:
1334:
1292:
1251:
1245:Marshal of the Soviet Union
728:, the Vietnamese equivalent
685:, the Vietnamese equivalent
653:Marshal of the Soviet Union
646:
614:in various capacities with
446:Marshal of the Soviet Union
155:
75:marshal of the Soviet Union
43:
32:For the Chinese actor, see
10:
2041:
1774:Fujian People's Government
1640:People's Republic of China
748:Stevens, Keith G. (1975).
693:(大元帥), a rank higher than
337:People's Republic of China
31:
2025:Military history of China
1647:
1494:
1170:
1090:
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1016:
844:
835:
712:, the Japanese equivalent
669:, the Japanese equivalent
138:
125:
117:
99:
81:
62:
41:
1625:People's Liberation Army
1235:Marshal of the air force
1197:Supreme Allied Commander
381:Revolutionary base areas
2005:Chinese-language titles
1764:Chinese Soviet Republic
1740:Autumn Harvest Uprising
720:, the Korean equivalent
677:, the Korean equivalent
624:Autumn Harvest Uprising
1962:Hainan Island campaign
1841:Double Tenth Agreement
1837:Chongqing Negotiations
1754:Encirclement campaigns
1352:
1343:
1320:
1301:
1274:
1265:
1226:
1212:
1188:
1178:
397:or a commander of the
1851:Jiaochangkou Incident
1439:Marshal of Yugoslavia
1207:General of the Armies
444:who held the rank of
1381:Strategos autokrator
1214:Generalfeldmarschall
1804:Second United Front
1724:Nanjing–Wuhan split
1672:Sun–Joffe Manifesto
1521:National Government
1310:Constable of France
1202:Admiral of the Navy
1192:of the Soviet Union
1061:Star officer grades
347:traditional Chinese
206:traditional Chinese
170:traditional Chinese
1744:Guangzhou Uprising
1682:First United Front
659:Chinese characters
355:simplified Chinese
198:simplified Chinese
162:simplified Chinese
34:Yuan Shuai (actor)
2015:Marshals of China
1992:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1906:Liaoshen campaign
1888:Yu Zisan Incident
1855:Peiping rape case
1824:
1823:
1736:Nanchang uprising
1732:Little Long March
1720:Shanghai massacre
1510:Nationalist Party
1488:Chinese Civil War
1454:
1453:
1027:
1026:
1013:
1012:
612:Nanchang Uprising
434:Eighth Route Army
395:Eighth Route Army
288:Republic of China
226:
151:
150:
146:("Grand General")
133:("Grand Marshal")
16:(Redirected from
2032:
1920:Pingjin campaign
1916:Huaihai campaign
1865:Marshall Mission
1830:
1829:
1716:Shanghai Commune
1712:Nanking incident
1665:
1664:
1650:
1649:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1623:
1604:
1588:
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1560:
1559:
1548:ROC Armed Forces
1542:
1541:
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1325:
1306:
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1288:
1279:
1276:Magister militum
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1191:
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1022:
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592:
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517:
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457:
442:Nikolai Bulganin
388:Chinese Red Army
369:
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126:Next higher rank
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1983:
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1939:
1935:
1931:Taiping Steamer
1918:
1904:
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1825:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1643:
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1631:
1610:New Fourth Army
1581:Soviet Republic
1572:Communist Party
1564:
1554:
1536:
1513:
1490:
1485:
1455:
1450:
1354:Reichsmarschall
1166:
1140:Three-star rank
1086:
1072:General officer
1063:
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1028:
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1014:
1009:
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790:Wayback Machine
783:PLA Figures at
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725:Đại nguyên soái
691:Grand yuanshuai
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304:
302:Chiang Kai-shek
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236:Chiang Kai Shek
234:was awarded to
139:Next lower rank
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37:
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22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2038:
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2012:
2010:Military ranks
2007:
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1989:
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1129:Four-star rank
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1118:Five-star rank
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1104:Six-star rank
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1435:Field Marshal
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1426:Da yuan shuai
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1330:
1329:Grand marshal
1327:
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1318:
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1221:Field marshal
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1200:
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1190:
1189:Generalissimo
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1180:Generalissimo
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1169:
1163:
1162:One-star rank
1158:
1154:
1152:
1151:Two-star rank
1147:
1143:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:By star ranks
1089:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1021:
1008:
1007:
1002:
999:
998:
993:
990:
989:
984:
981:
980:
975:
972:
971:
966:
963:
962:
957:
954:
953:
948:
945:
944:
939:
936:
935:
930:
927:
926:
921:
920:
916:
912:
909:
905:
902:
898:
895:
891:
888:
884:
881:
877:
874:
870:
867:
863:
860:
856:
853:
849:
848:
840:
834:
829:
821:
816:
814:
809:
807:
802:
801:
798:
791:
787:
786:
781:
780:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
744:
740:
727:
726:
722:
719:
718:
714:
711:
710:
706:
703:
702:
698:
697:
696:
692:
689:
684:
683:
679:
676:
675:
671:
668:
667:
663:
662:
660:
656:
654:
651:
650:
644:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
598:
591:
586:
583:
576:
571:
568:
561:
556:
553:
546:
541:
538:
531:
526:
523:
516:
511:
508:
501:
496:
493:
486:
481:
478:
471:
466:
463:
456:
451:
450:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
426:
422:
421:Deng Xiaoping
418:
410:
407:
403:
400:
396:
392:
389:
385:
382:
378:
377:
376:
374:
370:
364:
356:
348:
344:
331:
325:
320:
317:
311:
306:
303:
297:
292:
291:
282:
276:
271:
270:
261:
255:
250:
249:
243:
241:
237:
233:
232:
231:generalissimo
221:
215:
207:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
179:
171:
163:
159:
157:
147:
145:
141:
137:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
113:
102:
98:
95:
84:
80:
76:
72:
66:
61:
45:
40:
35:
27:
19:
1941:
1930:
1899:
1876:
1728:715 Incident
1565:
1322:Dux bellorum
1105:
1077:Flag officer
1006:Nie Rongzhen
1004:
997:Xu Xiangqian
995:
988:Luo Ronghuan
986:
977:
968:
959:
950:
941:
932:
923:
784:
757:
753:
743:
723:
715:
707:
699:
694:
690:
680:
672:
664:
620:Luo Ronghuan
602:
582:Nie Rongzhen
567:Xu Xiangqian
552:Luo Ronghuan
414:
366:
342:
340:
281:Puxian Wannu
246:Song dynasty
229:
219:Dà Yuánshuài
217:
191:
181:
153:
152:
143:
130:
70:
26:
1692:Canton Coup
1082:Air officer
961:Liu Bocheng
943:Peng Dehuai
934:Ye Jianying
760:: 303–311.
701:Dayuanshuai
682:Nguyên soái
632:Peng Dehuai
597:Ye Jianying
507:Liu Bocheng
477:Peng Dehuai
417:Dayuanshuai
316:Lu Rongting
267:Jin dynasty
193:Dayuanshuai
131:Dayuanshuai
1999:Categories
1875:Operation
1784:Long March
1422:Yuan shuai
1395:Dai-gensui
1294:Ispahsalar
1106:(proposed)
735:References
709:Dai-gensui
704:in Chinese
616:Zhou Enlai
429:Zhou Enlai
425:Liu Shaoqi
330:Tang Jiyao
240:Mao Zedong
71:yuan shuai
18:Yuan shuai
1973:1950–1958
1912:1948–1949
1877:Beleaguer
1871:1945–1949
1861:1945–1947
1800:1937–1946
1780:1934–1936
1770:1933–1934
1760:1931–1934
1750:1930–1934
1698:1927–1949
1657:Post-1945
1500:campaigns
1303:Beylerbey
1171:By titles
785:PLA Daily
766:0085-5774
695:yuanshuai
359:中华人民共和国元帅
351:中華人民共和國元帥
341:The rank
183:Yuánshuài
156:Yuanshuai
118:Abolished
44:Yuanshuai
1944:Incident
1942:Amethyst
1933:Incident
1902:incident
1653:Pre-1945
1590:Red Army
1404:Taewonsu
1372:Serasker
1267:Caudillo
952:Lin Biao
828:Marshals
717:Taewonsu
647:See also
608:Da Jiang
492:Lin Biao
1900:Kiangya
1446:Marshal
1285:Spāhbed
1228:Mareşal
979:Chen Yi
970:He Long
788:at the
640:Chen Yi
636:He Long
537:Chen Yi
522:He Long
260:Yue Fei
188:marshal
144:Dajiang
82:Country
1637:
1363:Sardar
1336:Hetman
1252:Mushir
1160:
1149:
1138:
1127:
1116:
1102:
925:Zhu De
764:
666:Gensui
628:Zhu De
462:Zhu De
365::
363:pinyin
357::
349::
216::
214:pinyin
208::
200::
180::
178:pinyin
172::
164::
109:
91:
1413:Wonsu
1258:Müşir
674:Wonsu
604:Su Yu
94:China
1958:1950
1926:1949
1894:1948
1884:1947
1847:1946
1833:1945
1815:1944
1790:1936
1708:1927
1688:1926
1678:1924
1668:1923
1614:etc.
826:Ten
762:ISSN
634:and
595:10.
427:and
225:lit.
121:1965
1898:SS
661:元帥
580:9.
565:8.
550:7.
535:6.
520:5.
505:4.
490:3.
475:2.
460:1.
210:大元帥
202:大元帅
2001::
1627:)
1612:,
1608:,
1592:)
1574:/
1550:)
1532:)
1512:/
1437:/
1424:/
758:15
756:.
752:.
638:.
630:,
423:,
361:;
353:;
222:;
212:;
204:;
176:;
174:元帥
168:;
166:元帅
56:元帥
50:元帅
1810:)
1806:(
1629:→
1617:→
1599:(
1594:→
1583:(
1552:→
1546:(
1534:→
1523:(
1480:e
1473:t
1466:v
1255:/
1053:e
1046:t
1039:v
819:e
812:t
805:v
768:.
408:;
401:;
390:;
383:;
345:(
196:(
160:(
36:.
20:)
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