531:, an English mathematician, realized that an elongated bullet would retain the momentum and kinetic energy of a musket ball, but would slice through the air with greater ease. The black powder used in early muzzle-loading rifles quickly fouled the barrel, making loading slower and more difficult. The greater range of the rifle was considered to be of little practical use since the smoke from black powder quickly obscured the battlefield and made it almost impossible to aim the weapon from a distance. Since musketeers could not afford to take the time to stop and clean their barrels in the middle of a battle, rifles were limited to use by
691:
1385:. These weapons are typically used to strike critical, vulnerable targets such as computerized command and control vehicles, radio trucks, radar antennae, vehicle engine blocks and the jet engines of enemy aircraft. Anti-materiel rifles can be used against human targets, but the much higher weight of rifle and ammunition, and the massive recoil and muzzle blast, usually make them less than practical for such use. The Barrett M82 is designed with a maximum effective range of 1,800 m (1.1 mi), although it has a confirmed kill distance of 2,430 m (1.51 mi) in
142:
700:
853:) diameter a long bullet was heavier than a round ball. The extra grip also spun the bullet more consistently, which increased the range from about 50 yards for a smoothbore musket to about 300 yards for a rifle using the Minié system. The expanding skirt of the Minié ball also solved the problem that earlier tight-fitting bullets were difficult to load as black powder residue fouled the inside of the barrel. The Minié system allowed conical bullets to be loaded into rifles just as quickly as round balls in smooth bores, which allowed
826:
769:, as it was not practical to push an overbore bullet down through a rifled barrel. The dirt and grime from prior shots were pushed down ahead of a tight bullet or ball (which may have been a looser fit in the clean barrel before the first shot), and loading was far more difficult, as the lead had to be deformed to go down in the first place, reducing the accuracy due to deformation. Several systems were tried to deal with the problem, usually by resorting to an under-bore bullet that expanded upon firing.
469:
971:
1267:
925:
33:
1105:
457:
773:
1533:
greatest predictor of an individual soldier's combat effectiveness was the number of rounds he fired. Weapons designers and strategists realized that service rifles firing smaller-caliber projectiles would allow troops to carry far more ammunition for the same weight. The lower recoil and more generous magazine capacities of small-caliber weapons also allow troops a much greater volume of fire, compared to historical
637:, used the rifle to great effect during skirmishing. Because of a slower loading time than a musket, they were not adopted by the whole army. Since rifles were used by sharpshooters who did not routinely fire over other men's shoulders, long length was not required to avoid the forward line. A shorter length made a handier weapon in which tight-fitting balls did not have to be rammed so far down the barrel.
577:
375:
1036:
564:, these Pennsylvania and Kentucky rifles had a tighter bore with no space between bullet and barrel, and still used balls instead of conical bullets. The balls the long rifle used were smaller, allowing the production of more rounds for a given amount of lead. These rifles also had longer barrels, allowing more accuracy, which were rifled with a
406:. A military's light machine guns are typically chambered for the same caliber ammunition as its service rifles. Generally, the difference between an automatic rifle and a machine gun comes down to weight, cooling system, and ammunition feed system. Rifles, with their relatively lighter components (which overheat quickly) and smaller capacity
1293:-lined barrels to reduce wear and enhance corrosion resistance. This is rare on rifles designed for extreme accuracy, as the plating process is difficult and liable to reduce the effect of the rifling.) Modern ammunition has a hardened lead core with a softer outer cladding or jacket, typically of an alloy of copper and nickel –
845:, which relied on a conical bullet (known as a Minié ball) with a hollow skirt at the base of the bullet. When fired, the skirt would expand from the pressure of the exploding charge and grip the rifling as the round was fired. The better seal gave more power, as less gas escaped past the bullet. Also, for the same
1537:. Smaller, faster traveling, less stable projectiles have also demonstrated greater terminal ballistics and therein, a greater lethality than traditional .30-caliber rounds. Most modern service rifles fire a projectile of approximately 5.56 mm. Examples of firearms in this range are the American
1496:
The standard calibers used by the world's militaries tend to follow worldwide trends. These trends have significantly changed during the centuries of firearm design and re-design. Muskets were normally chambered for large calibers, such as .50 or .59 (12.7 mm or 15 mm), with the theory that
1074:
reaching approximately 2 m (7 ft) in length to maximize accuracy, making early rifles impractical for use by cavalry. However, following the advent of more powerful smokeless powder, a shorter barrel did not impair accuracy as much. As a result, cavalry saw limited, but noteworthy, usage in
784:
The original muzzle-loading rifle, with a closely fitting ball to take the rifling grooves, was loaded with difficulty, particularly when foul, and for this reason was not generally used for military purposes. With the advent of rifling, the bullet itself did not initially change but was wrapped in a
1315:
Rifles were initially single-shot, muzzle-loading weapons. During the 18th century, breech-loading weapons were designed, which allowed the rifleman to reload while under cover, but defects in manufacturing and the difficulty in forming a reliable gas-tight seal prevented widespread adoption. During
978:
Revolving rifles were an attempt to increase the rate of fire of rifles by combining them with the revolving firing mechanism that had been developed earlier for revolving pistols. Colt began experimenting with revolving rifles in the early 19th century, and other manufacturers like
Remington later
652:
proved to have a much faster rate of fire than muzzleloaders, causing military forces to abandon muzzle loaders in favor of breech-loading designs in the late 1860s. In the later part of the 19th century, rifles were generally single-shot, breech-loading guns, designed for aimed, discretionary fire
1244:
was the first such type designed to spin the round for accuracy. Bullets for these guns were made to match the shape of the bore so the bullet would grip the rifle bore and take a spin that way. These were generally large caliber weapons, and the ammunition still did not fit tightly in the barrel.
955:
in 1866. Breech-loading was to have a major impact on warfare, as breech-loading rifles can be fired at a rate many times faster than muzzle-loaded rifles and significantly can be loaded from a prone rather than standing position. Firing prone (i.e., lying down) is more accurate than firing from a
568:
groove. These first started appearing sometime before 1740, one early example being made by Jacob
Dickert, a German immigrant. By 1750 there were a number of such manufacturers in the area. The longer barrel was a departure by local gunsmiths from their German roots, allowing bullets to achieve a
1434:
Using metric units, the formula divides the number of millimeters in a meter (1000) by the barrel twist in millimeters (the length of travel along the barrel per full rotation). This number is then multiplied by the muzzle velocity in meters per second (m/s) and the number of seconds in a minute
1126:
During and after World War II it became accepted that most infantry engagements occurred at ranges of less than 300 m; the range and power of the large full-powered rifle cartridges were "overkill", requiring weapons heavier than otherwise necessary. This led to
Germany's development of the
541:
were smoothbore, large caliber weapons using spherical ammunition fired at relatively low velocity. Due to the high cost and great difficulty of precision manufacturing, and the need to load readily from the muzzle, the musket ball was a loose fit in the barrel. Consequently, on firing the ball
386:
Historically, rifles only fired a single projectile with each squeeze of the trigger. Modern rifles are commonly classified as single-shot, bolt-action, semi-automatic, or automatic. Single-shot, bolt-action, and semi-automatic rifles are limited by their designs to fire a single shot for each
1532:
Detailed study of infantry combat during and after World War II revealed that most small-arms engagements occurred within 100 meters, meaning that the power and range of the traditional .30-caliber weapons (designed for engagements at 500 meters and beyond) were essentially wasted. The single
956:
standing position, and a prone rifleman presents a much smaller target than a standing soldier. The higher accuracy and range, combined with reduced vulnerability generally benefited the defense while making the traditional battle between lines of standing and volleying infantrymen obsolete.
572:
During the 1700s (18th century), colonial settlers, particularly those immigrating from
Germany and Switzerland, adapted and improved upon their European rifles. The improved long rifles were used for precise shooting, aiming, and firing at individual targets, instead of the musket's use for
610:, and in the southern states where General Morgan commanded as well. Taking advantage of the rifle's improved accuracy, Morgan's sharpshooters picked off cannoneers and officers, reducing the impact of enemy artillery. This kind of advantage was considered pivotal in many battles, such as
1451:
Using imperial units, the formula divides the number of inches in a foot (12) by the rate of twist that the barrel has. This number is multiplied by the muzzle velocity (MV) and the number of seconds in a minute (60). For example, a bullet with a muzzle velocity of 3,000 feet per second
488:
produced large quantities of smoke and soot, which had to be cleaned from the action and bore of the musket frequently, either through the action of repeated bore scrubbing, or a deliberate attempt to create "soot grooves" that would allow for more shots to be fired from the firearm.
665:
rifles (among others) were equipped with long-range 'volley sights' for massed firing at ranges of up to 1.6 km (1 mi). Individual shots were unlikely to hit, but a platoon firing repeatedly could produce a 'beaten ground' effect similar to light artillery or machine guns.
1425:
of the rifling. Excessive rotational speed can exceed the bullet's designed limits and the inadequate centripetal force will fail to keep the bullet from disintegrating in a radial fashion. The rotational speed of the bullet can be calculated by using the formula below.
1144:. Today, an infantryman's rifle is optimized for ranges of 300 m or less, and soldiers are trained to deliver individual rounds or bursts of fire within these distances. Typically, the application of accurate, long-range fire is the domain of the
3126:
1213:
rifle, although some youth rifles are semi-automatic. They are usually very light, with a greatly shortened length of pull, which is necessary to accommodate children. Youth stocks are available for many popular rifles, such as the
660:
and breech-loading in the 19th century was concurrent with the general adoption of rifles. In the early part of the 20th century, soldiers were trained to shoot accurately over long ranges with high-powered cartridges. World War I
807:, which had a stem at the bottom of the barrel that would deform and expand the base of the bullet when rammed, therefore enabling accurate contact with the rifling. However, the area around the stem clogged and got dirty easily.
1337:
fashion at the point of firing and effectively sealed the breech while the pressure remained high, then relaxed back enough to allow for easy removal. By the end of the 19th century, the leading bolt-action design was that of
549:) to fire at the opposing forces. Precise aim was thus not necessary to hit an opponent. Muskets were used for comparatively rapid, imprecisely aimed volley fire, and the average soldier could be easily trained to use them.
1332:
became standard, further increasing the rate of fire and minimizing the fuss involved in loading a firearm. The problem of proper seal creation had been solved with the use of brass cartridge cases, which expanded in an
410:, are incapable of sustained automatic fire in the way that machine guns are; they trade this capability in favor of increased mobility. Modern military rifles are fed by magazines, while machine guns are generally
1190:
Dimension 1200es printer. It was created by a
Canadian only known by the pseudonym "Matthew" who told The Verge that he was in his late 20s, and his main job was making tools for the construction industry.
1257:
line of pistols (which fire standard bullets). Many of the early designs were prone to dangerous backfiring, which could lead to the destruction of the weapon and serious injury to the person firing it.
387:
trigger pull. Only automatic rifles are capable of firing more than one round per trigger squeeze; however, some automatic rifles are limited to fixed bursts of two, three, or more rounds per squeeze.
747:. These Rifle Regiments were deployed as skirmishers during the Peninsular war in Spain and Portugal, and were more effective than skirmishers armed with muskets due to their accuracy and long range.
796:
officer, invented a breech with abrupt shoulders on which a spherical bullet was rammed down until it caught the rifling grooves. Delvigne's method, however, deformed the bullet and was inaccurate.
1197:
In
October 2020, another 3D-printed 9mm rifle known as the "FGC-9mm" was created. It is reported that it can be made in 2 weeks with $ 500 of tools. A second model was later made in April 2021.
1493:
essentially refers to the width of the bullet fired through a rifle's barrel. Armies have consistently attempted to find and procure the most lethal and accurate caliber for their firearms.
1218:, a semi-automatic .22 LR rifle, allowing a youth rifle to be made from a standard rifle by simply changing the stock. The typical ages of shooters for such rifles vary from about age 5+.
765:
Gradually, rifles appeared with cylindrical barrels cut with helical grooves, the surfaces between the grooves being "lands". The innovation was shortly followed by the mass adoption of
1277:
As the bullet enters the barrel, it inserts itself into the rifling, a process that gradually wears down the barrel, and also causes the barrel to heat up more rapidly. Therefore, some
212:) cut into the bore wall. In keeping with their focus on accuracy, rifles are typically designed to be held with both hands and braced firmly against the shooter's shoulder via a
1366:
dramatically increased the range and accuracy of the musket. Indeed, throughout its development, the rifle's history has been marked by increases in range and accuracy. From the
2878:
879:
Over the 19th century, bullet design also evolved, the bullets becoming gradually smaller and lighter. By 1910 the standard blunt-nosed bullet had been replaced by the pointed,
3028:
573:
imprecise fire. During the
American Revolution, the colonist troops favoured these more accurate rifles while their use was resisted by the British and Hessian troops.
2901:
910:, in order to better engage the spiral grooves without "stripping" them in the same way that a screw or bolt thread would be stripped if subjected to extreme forces.
1027:
stored in a removable seven-round tube magazine, enabling the rounds to be fired one after another. When the magazine was empty, it could be exchanged for another.
414:. Many machine guns allow the operator to quickly exchange barrels in order to prevent overheating, whereas rifles generally do not. Most machine guns fire from an
1289:
barrels for target rifles are much more resistant to wear, allowing many thousands of rounds to be fired before accuracy drops. (Many shotguns and small arms have
644:
in the 1840s solved the slow loading problem, and in the 1850s and 1860s rifles quickly replaced muskets on the battlefield. Many rifles, often referred to as
1094:
defended by riflemen and machine gunners. The carnage of World War I was perhaps the greatest vindication and vilification of the rifle as a military weapon.
598:, these rifles were commonly used by frontiersmen, and Congress authorized the establishment of ten companies of riflemen. One of the most critical units was
1373:
In recent decades, large-caliber anti-materiel rifles, typically firing between 12.7 mm and 20 mm caliber cartridges, have been developed. The US
1245:
Many different shapes and degrees of spiraling were used in experimental designs. One widely produced example was the
Metford rifling in the Pattern 1888
4969:
1281:
are equipped with quick-change barrels that can be swapped every few thousand rounds, or in earlier designs, were water-cooled. Unlike older carbon
545:
The performance of early muskets defined the style of warfare at the time. Due to the lack of accuracy, soldiers were deployed in long lines (thus
480:
The origins of rifling are difficult to trace, but some of the earliest
European experiments seem to have been carried out during the 15th century.
5492:
524:
use because rifles were much more prone to problems due to powder fouling the barrel and because they took longer to reload and fire than muskets.
2344:
1417:
of over 100,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) (or over about 1.67 kilohertz, since 1 RPM = 1/60 Hz). The rotational speed depends both on the
5281:
5039:
1500:
During World War I and II, most rifles were chambered in .30 caliber (7.62 mm), a combination of power and speed. Examples would be the
1015:
rifle that was adopted by the United States. Over 20,000 were used during the
American Civil War. It was the first adoption of a removable
1342:, whose action—wedded to a reliable design possessing a five-shot magazine—became a world standard through two world wars and beyond. The
2686:
2984:
1205:
A youth rifle is a rifle designed or modified for fitting children or other small-framed shooters. A youth rifle is often a single-shot
496:
claimed it as a German invention in his extensive writings about the history of the rifle, and the evolution and use of the technology.
5185:
1194:
The original Grizzly fired a single shot before breaking. Grizzly 2.0 fired fourteen bullets before getting damaged due to the strain.
2874:
2360:"The Rifle-Musket vs. The Smoothbore Musket, a Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Two Types of Weapons Primarily at Short Ranges"
2918:
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on the projectile as it moves down the bore, imparting a spin. When the projectile leaves the barrel, this spin persists and lends
3085:
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653:
by individual soldiers. Then, as now, rifles had a stock, either fixed or folding, to be braced against the shoulder when firing.
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626:
499:
Some of the earliest examples of European grooved gun barrels were reportedly manufactured during 1440, and further developed by
5486:
2897:
2563:
2188:
2143:
5444:
5319:
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and is shouldered before firing, even if the weapon is not rifled or does not fire solid projectiles (e.g. "laser rifle").
255:
process of creating grooves with cutting tools. By the 20th century, the weapon had become so common that the modern noun
2025:
1687:
906:
The increased velocity meant that new problems arrived, and so bullets went from being soft lead to harder lead, then to
2635:
1047:
of 1904–1905, military observers from Europe and the United States witnessed a major conflict fought with high velocity
983:
was an early repeating rifle and the first one to be used by the U.S. Government and saw some limited action during the
3162:
3055:
2745:
2040:
1526:
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in 1857, and the British Calisher and Terry carbine made in Birmingham and later in 1864 and the better known British
5497:
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116:
97:
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5202:
4809:
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363:
2687:"Soft Cast Bullets, Jacketed Bullets & Copper Coated Bullets | Shop Black Powder Cast Bullets at Buffalo Arms"
2590:
Shooter's Bible Guide to Tactical Firearms: A Comprehensive Guide to Precision Rifles and Long-Range Shooting Gear
69:
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2070:
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542:
bounced off the sides of the barrel when fired and the final direction on leaving the muzzle was unpredictable.
5417:
5358:
5236:
5207:
5159:
4989:
4944:
4831:
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2524:
on 25 May 2024 – via Newly Available and Processed Collections at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
1397:
stands at 3,540 m (11,610 ft), set by an unnamed soldier with Canada's elite special operations unit
54:
5246:
4402:
2648:
The solution for hundreds of years was to wrap the bullet in a greased cloth patch and ram it down the barrel
1394:
76:
4587:
2359:
1460:
For example, using a barrel that has a twist rate of 1 turn in 8" with a muzzle velocity of 3000 ft/s:
1059:
fought in 1905 consisted of nearly 343,000 Russian troops against over 281,000 Japanese troops. The Russian
484:
had long realized that a twist added to the tail feathers of their arrows gave them greater accuracy. Early
5482:
5466:
5331:
5286:
615:
403:
1285:
barrels, which were limited to around 1,000 shots before the extreme heat caused accuracy to fade, modern
788:
The first half of the 19th century saw a distinct change in the shape and function of the bullet. In 1826
5502:
5461:
5400:
5212:
4026:
3880:
3872:
3635:
1443:
For example, using a barrel that has a twist rate of 190 mm with a muzzle velocity of 900 m/s:
1378:
1183:
1177:
648:, were very similar to the muskets they replaced, but the military also experimented with other designs.
426:
for accuracy. Machine guns are often crewed by more than one soldier; the rifle is an individual weapon.
17:
2661:
527:
Rifles were created as an improvement in the accuracy of smoothbore muskets. In the early 18th century,
5531:
5456:
4999:
4582:
3204:
3179:
987:. Revolvers, both rifles and pistols, tend to spray fragments of metal from the front of the cylinder.
804:
595:
83:
4644:
1067:
bolt-action rifle in 6.5 mm; both had velocities well over 2,000 feet per second (610 m/s).
145:
Common rifles from the mid-to-late 20th century of various types and configurations, displayed at the
5546:
5341:
4964:
4500:
3588:
1852:
1334:
1020:
1007:
An important area of development was the way that cartridges were stored and used in the weapon. The
842:
690:
2711:
398:. In fact, many light machine guns are adaptations of existing automatic rifle designs, such as the
5107:
4901:
4624:
4244:
4046:
2100:
2030:
907:
553:
146:
677:
are favored). Rifles derived from military designs have long been popular with civilian shooters.
65:
5097:
4896:
4537:
4478:
3842:
3827:
3701:
3456:
3312:
2459:
2257:
2000:
1844:
1351:
1008:
510:, although other scholars allege they were a joint effort between Kollner and Augustus Kotter of
43:
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5326:
5102:
4614:
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4254:
4132:
4095:
3778:
3655:
3515:
3451:
3216:
3155:
2015:
1883:
1727:
1382:
999:
was invented in 1866. The firer pulled on a lever to reload the rifle with a stored cartridge.
861:
789:
777:
133:
50:
1452:(910 m/s) leaving a barrel that twists once per foot (1/12") would rotate at 180,000rpm.
569:
higher speed (as the burning gunpowder was contained longer) before emerging from the barrel.
5034:
4959:
4929:
4654:
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4051:
4031:
3615:
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3013:
2035:
2020:
1986:
1953:
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766:
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630:
611:
2211:
723:
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4301:
4194:
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1958:
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884:
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8:
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2999:
2535:
2090:
1829:
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1108:
1016:
407:
141:
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1101:
was a semi-automatic rapid-fire rifle developed for modern warfare use in World War II.
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5314:
5014:
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1398:
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1024:
984:
944:
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607:
492:
While many people contributed to the development of the concept of rifling and rifles,
468:
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264:
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2173:
Karl Marx / Friedrich Engels: Werke, Artikel, EntwĂĽrfe, Oktober 1859 bis Dezember 1860
2128:
Karl Marx / Friedrich Engels: Werke, Artikel, EntwĂĽrfe, Oktober 1859 bis Dezember 1860
1918:
800:
743:
the British army created several experimental units known as "Rifles", armed with the
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2505:
2399:
2335:
2277:
2231:
2184:
2139:
1508:
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1186:
is a 3D printed .22-caliber rifle created around August 2013. It was created using a
2788:
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2124:"Friedrich Engels. The History of the Rifle. Ende Oktober 1860 bis 18. Januar 1861"
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for his rifles, with the lead bullet being supported by a wooden sabot at its base.
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295:
90:
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2486:"The Pennsylvania Rifle: A Social Interpretation of Changing Military Techniques"
2388:"The Pennsylvania Rifle: A Social Interpretation of Changing Military Techniques"
1946:
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1504:
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1402:
1347:
1317:
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1246:
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588:
560:, was developed over the course of the 18th century. Compared to the more common
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3566:
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1990:
1940:
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319:
311:
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201:
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3029:"Canadian elite special forces sniper makes record-breaking kill shot in Iraq"
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2343:(4). United Kingdom: Smith, Elder and Co.: 505–512 April 1860. Archived from
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1963:
1933:
1923:
1879:
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1718:
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One of the most famous was the Minié system, invented by French Army Captain
645:
603:
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461:
260:
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4661:
3063:
1161:
816:
641:
5386:
5378:
5258:
5197:
5167:
5147:
4954:
4779:
4629:
4387:
4382:
4357:
4352:
4337:
4264:
4179:
4127:
4112:
4080:
3969:
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3711:
3610:
3551:
3527:
3305:
3285:
3275:
3265:
3261:
3008:
2295:
1889:
1857:
1746:
1683:
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1501:
1343:
1321:
1310:
1294:
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1012:
965:
919:
888:
756:
585:
307:
287:
279:
249:
158:
2944:
2347:
on 4 November 2010 – via Updated URL provided for Project Gutenberg.
1545:
1447:
900 m/s Ă— (1000 mm /(190 mm)) Ă— 60 s/min = 284 210 RPM
1301:
to further reduce internal friction – the so-called 'moly-coated' bullet.
1240:
Some early rifled firearms had barrels with a twisted polygonal bore. The
1128:
940:
5395:
5390:
5087:
4934:
4874:
4746:
4729:
4602:
4577:
4490:
4427:
4397:
4367:
4342:
4306:
4281:
4249:
4239:
4234:
4122:
4100:
3934:
3902:
3807:
3706:
3627:
3347:
1869:
1732:
1723:
1652:
1629:
1386:
1370:
and beyond, the rifle has become ever more potent at long-range strikes.
1339:
1329:
1325:
1278:
1266:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1152:
in warfare, and of enthusiastic target shooters in peacetime. The modern
1079:
1048:
948:
873:
744:
716:
634:
581:
438:
423:
419:
395:
170:
2988:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 329.
2517:
2411:
2387:
935:
From 1836, breech-loading rifles were introduced with the German Dreyse
5296:
5291:
5263:
5151:
5044:
4984:
4974:
4857:
4784:
4756:
4684:
4522:
4458:
4286:
4142:
4001:
3976:
3939:
3892:
3473:
3417:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3250:
3221:
2521:
2005:
1839:
1764:
1752:
1422:
1120:
1071:
936:
876:(1853-1856) the Minié rifle was considered the "best in military use".
834:
561:
557:
359:
347:
332:
283:
271:
205:
4891:
4886:
4869:
4794:
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4068:
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4041:
3897:
3817:
3752:
3691:
3390:
3322:
3280:
2919:"ATF's Proposed Rules Threaten a Legal Mess but No End to Ghost Guns"
1768:
1738:
1638:
1541:
1187:
1098:
1087:
952:
929:
924:
709:
511:
415:
379:
303:
252:
213:
166:
1489:(.80 caliber) in the case of the largest anti-tank rifles. The term
1354:
models. The American M1903 closely copied Mauser's original design.
32:
5348:
5336:
4879:
4763:
4719:
4709:
4704:
4680:
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3912:
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3385:
3337:
3290:
2065:
1913:
1820:
1104:
1090:
was so quick as to outstrip the development of any way to attack a
793:
674:
606:. This sharpshooting unit eventually proved itself integral to the
532:
521:
339:
335:
324:
197:
190:
150:
772:
456:
5219:
4911:
4826:
4734:
4714:
4692:
4532:
4259:
3919:
3669:
3593:
3377:
3332:
3327:
3295:
3199:
3171:
2428:
Effect of Barrel Length on the Muzzle Velocity and Report from a
2085:
2050:
2010:
1899:
1642:
1624:
1570:
1522:
1490:
1478:
1474:
1363:
1232:
896:
850:
712:
670:
669:
Currently, rifles are the most common firearm in general use for
481:
444:
In many works of fiction "rifle" refers to any weapon that has a
225:
209:
193:
178:
1070:
Until the late 19th century rifles tended to be very long, some
5029:
4921:
4836:
4634:
3400:
3300:
3231:
1377:
is probably the best-known such rifle. A second example is the
1237:
The usual form of rifling was helical grooves in a round bore.
1149:
903:
mixtures, propelling bullets to higher velocities than before.
872:, due to their enhanced power and accuracy. At the time of the
810:
538:
485:
355:
343:
275:
162:
576:
374:
3852:
3847:
3832:
3787:
2822:
Bayonets Before Bullets; The Imperial Russian Army, 1861–1914
2638:. Firearms History, Technology & Development. 16 May 2010
1548:
1282:
1254:
947:. Primitive chamber-locking mechanisms were soon replaced by
565:
429:
The term "rifle" is sometimes used to describe larger rifled
331:
The distinct feature that separates a rifle from the earlier
174:
154:
2973:
1775:
Bolt-release rifle, also known as lever-release rifle, e.g.
1456:
MV (in fps) Ă— (12 in. /twist rate) Ă— 60 s/min. = Bullet RPM
1439:
MV (in m/s) Ă— (1000 mm /twist) Ă— 60 s/min = Bullet RPM
1253:
is still used in some weapons today, one example being the
1063:
Model 1891 in 7.62 mm was pitted against the Japanese
242:
2898:
World's first 3D-printed rifle gets update, fires 14 shots
2435:(Undergraduate honors thesis). University of South Florida
1477:(bullet or barrel diameters), from as low as 4.4 mm (
3837:
3797:
3226:
3211:
3170:
3119:
2169:"Friedrich Engels. On Rifled Cannon. 1. Hälfte März 1860"
1756:
399:
217:
216:
for stability during shooting. Rifles have been used in
2564:"Round Balls In Fast Twist Rifles | White Muzzleloading"
1464:
3000 fps Ă— (12"/(8"/rotation)) Ă— 60 s/min. = 270,000 RPM
132:
This article is about the long gun. For other uses, see
5146:
1035:
520:. Military commanders preferred smoothbore weapons for
883:, an innovation that increased range and penetration.
350:. The raised areas of a barrel's rifling are called
298:), although other propulsive means are used, such as
208:
that has a helical or spiralling pattern of grooves (
2536:"Those Tall American Patriots and Their Long Rifles"
2212:"Rifle Theory: Engels and the History of Technology"
2130:, De Gruyter, pp. 1008–1010, 31 December 1984,
1600:
Pump pneumatic, either single-stroke or multi-stroke
3137:
21, no. 4 (Winter 1957) ed. Morton Borden, 193–198.
3086:"Calculating Bullet RPM – Spin Rates and Stability"
2318:
The Gun and Its Development: With Notes on Shooting
633:, as well as sharpshooters and riflemen during the
394:overlap to some extent in design and function with
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2971:
2787:
2490:The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
2392:The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography
2331:"The How and Why of Long Shots and Straight Shots"
2175:, De Gruyter, pp. 898–901, 31 December 1984,
887:design evolved from simple paper tubes containing
785:greased, cloth patch to grip the rifling grooves.
556:USA, one of the most successful early rifles, the
382:rifle, World War II era, from US Army field manual
2875:First 3-D printed rifle fires bullet, then breaks
1078:The advent of the massed, rapid firepower of the
1019:-fed infantry rifle. The design was completed by
366:, increasing accuracy and hence effective range.
263:designed for well-aimed discharge activated by a
5523:
2844:
2636:"Rifling: Expanding Bullets and the Minie Rifle"
1408:
1160:are usually capable of accuracy better than 0.3
5467:Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW)
2893:
2891:
895:for ignition, and black powder was replaced by
868:of the early 1860s featured prominently in the
2870:
2868:
2866:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2735:
1413:Bullets leaving a rifled barrel can spin at a
891:and shot, to sealed brass cases with integral
259:is now often used for any log-shaped handheld
3156:
2972:Seton-Karr, Henry; Atkinson, Charles (1911).
2845:Honeycutt, Fred L.; Anthony, F. Patt (2006).
2762:"Back to Basics: Center-fire Cartridge Cases"
2460:"Book Explores History of the American Rifle"
1608:Compressed gas (external pressure reservoir)
3870:
3056:"Topic of the Month: July 2001 – Twist Rate"
2888:
2824:. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University.
2550:"A Short History Of The Kentucky Long Rifle"
2364:IU South Bend Undergraduate Research Journal
1497:these large bullets caused the most damage.
1130:
472:Girdled bullet and twin rifle groove of the
4679:
2998:
2863:
2849:(Fifth ed.). Monticello, Iowa: Julin.
2838:
2808:
673:(with the exception of bird hunting, where
3163:
3149:
3133:, April, May and June, 1860, reprinted in
2779:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2262:Royal United Services Institution. Journal
2255:
1395:record for the longest confirmed kill shot
2967:
2965:
2483:
2385:
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
2662:"Reloading: Bullet Materials and Shapes"
2587:
1597:Pneumatic (internal pressure reservoir)
1473:Rifles may be chambered in a variety of
1265:
1103:
1034:
969:
923:
824:
771:
733:; (right) rifling of the Lepage carbine.
575:
467:
455:
373:
140:
2819:
2447:
2357:
2296:"Rifle Definition, Meaning & Usage"
1011:was a breech-loading manually operated
899:, and then other nitro-cellulose-based
857:to replace muskets on the battlefield.
422:", while almost all rifles fire from a
14:
5524:
2962:
2785:
2659:
2209:
951:mechanisms, exemplified by the French
451:
433:firing explosive shells, for example,
5145:
4678:
3869:
3249:
3248:
3144:
2424:
2298:. FineDictionary.com. 9 February 2012
1346:was paralleled by Britain's ten-shot
270:Like all typical firearms, a rifle's
153:, United States. From top to bottom:
3026:
2738:Almanac of American Military History
2381:
2379:
2377:
2316:Greener, William Wellington (1885).
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2163:
2161:
2118:
2116:
1559:
1221:
1002:
979:experimented with them as well. The
535:and non-military uses like hunting.
55:adding citations to reliable sources
26:
1171:
362:stability to the projectile due to
354:; they make contact with and exert
24:
2258:"The Rifle: A Weapon of Precision"
2041:Objective Individual Combat Weapon
1249:service rifle. Although uncommon,
990:
959:
811:Minié system – the "rifled musket"
418:in order to reduce the danger of "
25:
5558:
3106:
2502:10.5215/pennmaghistbio.141.1.0069
2374:
2242:
2158:
2113:
1554:
1430:MV/ twist rate = rotational speed
1297:. Some ammunition is coated with
913:
860:Minié system rifles, notably the
750:
2320:, pp. 50 and 620. Cassell Books.
698:
689:
364:conservation of angular momentum
278:) is propelled by the contained
31:
3078:
3048:
3020:
2992:
2937:
2911:
2754:
2729:
2704:
2679:
2660:McHale, Tom (3 February 2017).
2653:
2628:
2606:
2581:
2556:
2542:
2528:
2477:
2418:
2071:Shooting at the Summer Olympics
1564:
1304:
981:Colt Revolving Rifle Model 1855
680:
631:60th Regiment, (Royal American)
42:needs additional citations for
2351:
2323:
2310:
2288:
2203:
2026:List of multiple barrel rifles
1261:
1200:
708:(left) "Premier Consul" model
369:
13:
1:
5332:Firearms by country
5247:Civilian Marksmanship Program
3129:, articles from the New York
3027:Fife, Robert (21 June 2017).
2794:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
2425:Clark, Brandon Louis (2011).
2107:
1521:An exception was the Italian
1409:Bullet rotational speed (RPM)
1316:the 19th century, multi-shot
727:
627:95th Regiment (Green Jackets)
514:
504:
2900:, The Verge, 4 August 2013.(
2588:Sadowski, Robert A. (2015).
404:M27 Infantry Automatic Rifle
346:) is the rifling within its
7:
5503:Federal Assault Weapons Ban
5401:Campaign Against Arms Trade
2877:, NBC News, 26 July 2013. (
1979:
1814:
1603:Pre-charged pneumatic (PCP)
1527:6.5×52mm Mannlicher–Carcano
1178:Grizzly (.22-caliber rifle)
316:competitive target shooting
10:
5563:
5457:High-capacity magazine ban
4583:Mean time between failures
2820:Menning, Bruce W. (1992).
2740:. ABC-CLIO. p. 1028.
2616:. Britannica. 9 April 2020
2256:Hardcastle, J. H. (1912).
1468:
1308:
1230:
1226:
1175:
997:Winchester repeating rifle
963:
917:
814:
805:Louis-Etienne de Thouvenin
754:
596:American Revolutionary War
131:
5475:
5425:
5416:
5377:
5305:
5257:
5186:Household ownership rates
5166:
5141:
5063:
4920:
4865:
4856:
4772:
4700:
4691:
4674:
4515:
4454:
4445:
4328:
4319:
4220:
3888:
3879:
3865:
3777:
3725:
3682:
3668:
3626:
3496:
3482:
3376:
3257:
3244:
3195:
3191:
3118:, a booklet from 1945 in
2945:"GUIDE to Bullet Coating"
2881:10 September 2014 at the
2484:Reichmann, Felix (1945).
2386:Reichmann, Felix (1945).
2274:10.1080/03071841209420035
2228:10.1177/00905917231155277
2181:10.1515/9783050076119-093
2136:10.1515/9783050076119-127
1853:Designated marksman rifle
1039:Czechoslovak rifle vz. 24
1030:
939:, followed by the French
928:Loading mechanism of the
833:used in Japan during the
464:microgroove rifled barrel
129:Common long range firearm
2847:Military Rifles of Japan
2766:www.americanrifleman.org
2358:Stanage, Justin (2000).
2101:Precision-guided firearm
2031:List of rifle cartridges
1357:
1075:20th-century conflicts.
1023:in 1860. It used copper
776:The method developed by
554:Province of Pennsylvania
306:, which are popular for
235:The term was originally
147:National Firearms Museum
5487:by U.S. state
4897:Overpressure ammunition
4832:Improved Military Rifle
4538:Circular error probable
3457:Personal defence weapon
2985:Encyclopædia Britannica
2736:Spencer Tucker (2013).
2001:British military rifles
1845:Personal defense weapon
1617:High pressure air (HPA)
1485:calibers to as high as
1009:Spencer repeating rifle
974:Colt Model 1855 Carbine
966:Revolver § History
584:, the first successful
5181:Civilian gun ownership
4710:Firing (Shooting)
3115:The Story of the Rifle
2904:6 October 2014 at the
2568:whitemuzzleloading.com
2016:List of assault rifles
1728:Colt Lightning Carbine
1525:rifle, which used the
1421:of the bullet and the
1383:Accuracy International
1274:
1140:, and ultimately, the
1131:
1123:
1040:
975:
932:
838:
781:
767:breech-loading weapons
650:Breech-loading weapons
612:the battles of Cowpens
591:
477:
465:
383:
378:Names of parts of the
230:target shooting sports
196:designed for accurate
182:
134:Rifle (disambiguation)
4655:Handgun effectiveness
4588:Minute of Angle (MOA)
4464:Ballistic coefficient
3440:Semi-automatic pistol
2786:Keegan, John (1999).
2210:Shafer, Matt (2023).
2036:List of sniper rifles
2021:List of battle rifles
1987:Advanced Combat Rifle
1954:Modern sporting rifle
1269:
1107:
1038:
973:
927:
828:
775:
640:The invention of the
579:
471:
459:
377:
286:compound (originally
144:
5272:in the United States
4930:Armour piercing
4491:Rangefinding/keeping
4403:Push/Controlled feed
4195:Synchronization gear
3930:Blank-firing adapter
3781: or famous
3000:Friscolanti, Michael
1959:Short-barreled rifle
1788:Semi-automatic rifle
1751:Straight-pull, e.g.
1648:Breech-loading rifle
1635:Muzzle-loading rifle
1299:molybdenum disulfide
843:Claude-Étienne Minié
761:Muzzle-loading rifle
51:improve this article
5364:Privately made
5327:Firearm brands
5213:State firearms
5193:Exhibition shooting
5176:Celebratory gunfire
5035:Plastic tipped
4965:High explosive
4486:Physics of firearms
3090:AccurateShooter.com
3004:"We were abandoned"
2790:The First World War
2691:www.buffaloarms.com
2091:Silencer (firearms)
1830:Anti-materiel rifle
1350:and America's 1903
1273:with a Mauser rifle
1136:(short) round, the
1109:Remington Model 700
1021:Christopher Spencer
594:By the time of the
452:Historical overview
431:crew-served weapons
5462:Right to bear arms
5408:Featureless rifles
5354:Improvised firearm
5315:3D printed firearm
5203:United States
5098:Fully powered
5005:Total metal jacket
4645:Stock measurements
3368:Underwater firearm
3264: versus
3127:"On Rifled Cannon"
3125:Friedrich Engels,
3034:The Globe and Mail
2712:"Revolving Rifles"
2666:GunsAmerica Digest
1711:Lever-action rifle
1399:Joint Task Force 2
1391:Operation Anaconda
1275:
1271:Benchrest shooting
1124:
1113:.30-06 Springfield
1049:bolt-action rifles
1045:Russo-Japanese War
1041:
1025:rimfire cartridges
985:American Civil War
976:
933:
839:
782:
724:Napoléon Bonaparte
719:and named for the
608:Battle of Saratoga
592:
478:
476:, mid-19th century
466:
384:
183:
5532:Hunting equipment
5519:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5476:United States Gun
5137:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5020:Hollow point
4945:Full metal jacket
4852:
4851:
4810:Tubes and Primers
4670:
4669:
4620:Power factor
4558:Gun harmonisation
4511:
4510:
4441:
4440:
4315:
4314:
4297:Night vision
3861:
3860:
3773:
3772:
3687:Automatic shotgun
3664:
3663:
3251:Types of firearms
3240:
3239:
3014:Rogers Publishing
2716:Forgotten Weapons
2336:Cornhill Magazine
2190:978-3-05-007611-9
2145:978-3-05-007611-9
1976:
1975:
1733:Bolt-action rifle
1514:, and the German
1352:Springfield Rifle
1251:polygonal rifling
1222:Technical aspects
1003:Cartridge storage
621:Later during the
600:Morgan's Riflemen
435:recoilless rifles
296:smokeless powders
282:of a combustible
248:referring to the
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
5554:
5547:Personal weapons
5423:
5422:
5369:Small arms trade
5307:Firearm industry
5158:, and
5143:
5142:
5015:Hollow base
4863:
4862:
4842:Smokeless powder
4698:
4697:
4676:
4675:
4625:Precision-guided
4452:
4451:
4326:
4325:
4133:Rail system
4007:Flash suppressor
3886:
3885:
3867:
3866:
3813:Winchester rifle
3803:Antique firearms
3733:20-gauge shotgun
3680:
3679:
3494:
3493:
3246:
3245:
3193:
3192:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3142:
3141:
3135:Military Affairs
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3062:. Archived from
3060:Load From A Disk
3052:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3024:
3018:
3017:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2977:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2915:
2909:
2895:
2886:
2872:
2861:
2860:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2817:
2806:
2805:
2793:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2520:. Archived from
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2456:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2383:
2372:
2371:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2327:
2321:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2268:(413): 973–984.
2253:
2240:
2239:
2216:Political Theory
2207:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2165:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2120:
2096:Telescopic sight
1996:Antique firearms
1849:Precision rifle
1761:Mannlicher M1895
1737:Turn-pull, e.g.
1715:Winchester rifle
1560:
1544:and the Russian
1415:rotational speed
1318:repeating rifles
1172:3D printed rifle
1164:at 100 yards (1
1134:
1117:telescopic sight
1057:Battle of Mukden
1053:smokeless powder
901:smokeless powder
881:'spitzer' bullet
862:U.S. Springfield
803:was invented by
799:Soon after, the
732:
729:
702:
693:
656:The adoption of
614:, Saratoga, and
519:
516:
509:
506:
494:Friedrich Engels
392:automatic rifles
122:
115:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
35:
27:
21:
5562:
5561:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5551:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5507:
5471:
5440:Concealed carry
5435:Assault weapons
5430:Air travel
5412:
5389: and
5373:
5301:
5261:
5253:
5242:Shooting sports
5232:Pistol duelling
5162:
5129:
5093:Rifle cartridge
5059:
5000:Supercavitating
4995:Soft point
4916:
4848:
4822:Ball propellant
4768:
4687:
4666:
4662:Twist rate
4553:Gun chronograph
4543:Effective range
4507:
4437:
4408:Recoil-operated
4311:
4216:
3875:
3857:
3843:Colt Peacemaker
3769:
3743:Dragon's breath
3738:Breaching round
3721:
3702:Double-barreled
3660:
3636:General purpose
3622:
3478:
3372:
3313:Multiple-barrel
3253:
3236:
3187:
3169:
3109:
3104:
3094:
3092:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3025:
3021:
3002:(15 May 2006).
2997:
2993:
2970:
2963:
2953:
2951:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2928:
2926:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2906:Wayback Machine
2896:
2889:
2883:Wayback Machine
2873:
2864:
2857:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2818:
2809:
2802:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2658:
2654:
2641:
2639:
2634:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2458:
2457:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2423:
2419:
2384:
2375:
2356:
2352:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2254:
2243:
2208:
2204:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2110:
2105:
1982:
1977:
1947:Benchrest rifle
1835:Anti-tank rifle
1825:law enforcement
1817:
1793:Automatic rifle
1706:Revolving rifle
1614:
1567:
1557:
1507:, the American
1471:
1419:muzzle velocity
1411:
1403:McMillan TAC-50
1360:
1313:
1307:
1287:stainless steel
1264:
1242:Whitworth rifle
1235:
1229:
1224:
1203:
1180:
1174:
1065:Arisaka Type 30
1033:
1005:
993:
991:Repeating rifle
968:
962:
960:Revolving rifle
922:
916:
908:copper-jacketed
866:British Enfield
823:
815:Main articles:
813:
801:Carabine Ă tige
763:
755:Main articles:
753:
741:Napoleonic Wars
737:
736:
735:
734:
730:
705:
704:
703:
695:
694:
683:
623:Napoleonic Wars
616:King's Mountain
589:repeating rifle
529:Benjamin Robins
517:
507:
501:Gaspard Kollner
474:Brunswick rifle
454:
372:
222:law enforcement
137:
130:
123:
112:
106:
103:
60:
58:
48:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5560:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5437:
5432:
5426:
5420:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5383:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5311:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5277:Assassinations
5274:
5268:
5266:
5255:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5222:
5217:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5195:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5178:
5172:
5170:
5164:
5163:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5069:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4926:
4924:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4872:
4866:
4860:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4814:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4800:Percussion cap
4797:
4787:
4782:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4695:
4689:
4688:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4650:Stopping power
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4568:Length of pull
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4498:
4488:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4455:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4393:Out-of-battery
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4212:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4017:Forward assist
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3987:Cocking handle
3984:
3979:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3889:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3871:Mechanics and
3863:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3775:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3697:Combat shotgun
3694:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3632:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3608:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3525:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3508:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3462:Submachine gun
3459:
3452:Pistol caliber
3449:
3448:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3196:
3189:
3188:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3123:
3112:Mick Bennett,
3108:
3107:External links
3105:
3103:
3102:
3077:
3066:on 12 May 2013
3047:
3019:
2991:
2980:Chisholm, Hugh
2961:
2936:
2910:
2887:
2862:
2855:
2837:
2830:
2807:
2800:
2778:
2753:
2747:978-1598845303
2746:
2728:
2703:
2678:
2652:
2627:
2605:
2598:
2580:
2555:
2541:
2527:
2476:
2446:
2432:7.62x54R Rifle
2417:
2373:
2350:
2322:
2309:
2287:
2241:
2222:(4): 597–617.
2202:
2189:
2157:
2144:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2081:Shooting sport
2078:
2076:Shooting range
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1991:Project Abakan
1983:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1929:Elephant rifle
1926:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1897:
1887:
1872:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1798:Selective-fire
1790:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1749:
1730:
1721:
1708:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1691:
1681:
1675:
1655:rifle, either
1645:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1575:Spring-piston
1566:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1555:Types of rifle
1553:
1516:8mm Mauser K98
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1457:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1440:
1432:
1431:
1410:
1407:
1405:sniper rifle.
1359:
1356:
1309:Main article:
1306:
1303:
1263:
1260:
1231:Main article:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1202:
1199:
1176:Main article:
1173:
1170:
1154:marksman rifle
1084:submachine gun
1032:
1029:
1004:
1001:
992:
989:
964:Main article:
961:
958:
945:Snider–Enfield
918:Main article:
915:
914:Breech loading
912:
870:U.S. Civil War
812:
809:
752:
751:Muzzle-loading
749:
707:
706:
697:
696:
688:
687:
686:
685:
684:
682:
679:
646:rifled muskets
625:, the British
453:
450:
371:
368:
320:sport shooting
308:vermin control
300:compressed air
292:nitrocellulose
202:stopping power
128:
125:
124:
39:
37:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5559:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5474:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5415:
5409:
5406:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5359:Most-produced
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5343:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5260:
5256:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5144:
5140:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4673:
4663:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4388:Muzzleloading
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4353:Breechloading
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4268:
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4208:
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4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4118:Muzzle shroud
4116:
4114:
4111:
4107:
4106:Stripper clip
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4096:High-capacity
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4065:
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4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
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4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
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3844:
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3826:
3824:
3823:Mauser rifles
3821:
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3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
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3758:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3748:Shotgun shell
3746:
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3526:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3501:Anti-materiel
3499:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3463:
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3110:
3091:
3087:
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3065:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3023:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2975:"Rifle"
2968:
2966:
2950:
2949:www.6mmbr.com
2946:
2940:
2925:. 14 May 2021
2924:
2920:
2914:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2884:
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2876:
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2869:
2867:
2858:
2856:0-9623208-7-0
2852:
2848:
2841:
2833:
2831:0-253-33745-3
2827:
2823:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2803:
2801:0-375-40052-4
2797:
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2732:
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2713:
2707:
2692:
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2656:
2649:
2637:
2631:
2615:
2609:
2601:
2599:9781632209351
2595:
2591:
2584:
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2313:
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2263:
2259:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2147:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2112:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2061:Service rifle
2059:
2057:
2056:Rifled musket
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:Rifle grenade
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1972:
1965:
1964:Varmint rifle
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1934:Express rifle
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:Buffalo rifle
1922:
1921:
1920:
1919:Hunting rifle
1917:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1880:Assault rifle
1878:
1877:
1876:
1875:Service rifle
1873:
1871:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1812:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1784:Self-loading
1783:
1778:
1777:Verney-Carron
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1719:Spencer rifle
1716:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1581:Fixed barrel
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1535:battle rifles
1530:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1393:in 2002. The
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:Barrett M82A1
1371:
1369:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:assault rifle
1139:
1135:
1133:
1122:
1118:
1115:with mounted
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1000:
998:
988:
986:
982:
972:
967:
957:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
931:
926:
921:
911:
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
855:rifle muskets
852:
848:
844:
836:
832:
829:British-made
827:
822:
818:
808:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
786:
779:
774:
770:
768:
762:
758:
748:
746:
742:
725:
722:
718:
714:
711:
701:
692:
678:
676:
672:
667:
664:
659:
654:
651:
647:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
604:Daniel Morgan
601:
597:
590:
587:
583:
578:
574:
570:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
547:line infantry
543:
540:
536:
534:
533:sharpshooters
530:
525:
523:
513:
502:
497:
495:
490:
487:
483:
475:
470:
463:
462:.35 Remington
460:Rifling in a
458:
449:
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
388:
381:
376:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:
329:
327:
326:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
261:ranged weapon
258:
254:
251:
247:
244:
240:
239:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
192:
191:long-barreled
188:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
143:
139:
135:
121:
118:
110:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
5379:Arms control
5259:Gun violence
5226:Jungle style
5225:
5198:Gun cultures
5103:Intermediate
4780:Fire forming
4630:Rate of fire
4501:Stadiametric
4479:Transitional
4423:Self-loading
4378:Gas-operated
4338:Blow-forward
4270:Red dot
4180:Squeeze bore
4128:Pistol slide
4113:Muzzle brake
4081:Bottom metal
3628:Machine guns
3483:
3286:Line thrower
3266:muzzleloader
3262:Breechloader
3134:
3130:
3113:
3093:. Retrieved
3089:
3080:
3068:. Retrieved
3064:the original
3059:
3050:
3038:. Retrieved
3032:
3022:
3007:
2994:
2983:
2952:. Retrieved
2948:
2939:
2927:. Retrieved
2922:
2913:
2846:
2840:
2821:
2789:
2781:
2769:. Retrieved
2765:
2756:
2737:
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2715:
2706:
2694:. Retrieved
2690:
2681:
2669:. Retrieved
2665:
2655:
2647:
2640:. Retrieved
2630:
2620:17 September
2618:. Retrieved
2608:
2592:. Skyhorse.
2589:
2583:
2571:. Retrieved
2567:
2558:
2544:
2530:
2522:the original
2493:
2489:
2479:
2467:. Retrieved
2463:
2437:. Retrieved
2431:
2430:Mosin-Nagant
2427:
2420:
2395:
2391:
2367:
2363:
2353:
2345:the original
2340:
2334:
2325:
2317:
2312:
2300:. Retrieved
2290:
2265:
2261:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2194:, retrieved
2172:
2149:, retrieved
2127:
1970:
1941:Match/target
1890:Battle rifle
1858:Sniper rifle
1747:Mosin-Nagant
1726:rifle, e.g.
1684:Double rifle
1678:Break-action
1578:Break barrel
1565:By mechanism
1539:5.56 mm
1531:
1520:
1502:.303 British
1499:
1495:
1472:
1459:
1450:
1442:
1433:
1412:
1372:
1361:
1344:Mauser rifle
1330:bolt actions
1314:
1311:Rate of fire
1305:Rate of fire
1295:cupro-nickel
1279:machine guns
1276:
1239:
1236:
1209:rifle, or a
1204:
1196:
1193:
1181:
1158:sniper rifle
1125:
1096:
1077:
1069:
1061:Mosin–Nagant
1042:
1013:lever-action
1006:
994:
977:
934:
920:Breechloader
905:
889:black powder
878:
859:
840:
837:(1868–1869).
798:
787:
783:
764:
757:Muzzleloader
738:
721:First Consul
681:19th century
668:
655:
639:
620:
593:
586:lever action
571:
551:
544:
537:
526:
498:
491:
479:
443:
439:naval rifles
428:
396:machine guns
389:
385:
351:
330:
323:
288:black powder
280:deflagration
269:
256:
250:early modern
245:
237:
236:
234:
186:
184:
159:vz. 52 rifle
138:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
5493:Legislation
5445:in the U.S.
5396:Disarmament
5391:Gun control
5088:Handloading
4875:Dummy round
4747:Cooking off
4742:Malfunction
4730:Field strip
4725:Maintenance
4615:Penetration
4578:Match grade
4496:Mathematics
4428:Single-shot
4368:Closed bolt
4282:Scope mount
4245:Holographic
4235:Finderscope
4123:Pistol grip
4101:Speedloader
3955:Telescoping
3935:Breechblock
3808:Gatling gun
3707:Pump action
3348:Single-shot
3271:Combination
3040:28 February
2496:(1): 3–14.
2469:11 February
2398:(1): 3–14.
1870:Scout rifle
1743:Lee–Enfield
1724:Pump-action
1653:Breechblock
1641:and mostly
1630:Single-shot
1529:cartridge.
1505:Lee–Enfield
1387:Afghanistan
1368:Minié rifle
1348:Lee–Enfield
1340:Paul Mauser
1262:Barrel wear
1247:Lee–Metford
1216:Ruger 10/22
1211:bolt-action
1207:.22 caliber
1201:Youth rifle
1086:and rifled
1080:machine gun
1072:long rifles
949:bolt-action
874:Crimean War
831:Minié rifle
821:Minié rifle
792:, a French
745:Baker rifle
739:During the
731: 1800
717:Jean Lepage
663:Lee–Enfield
635:War of 1812
582:Henry rifle
518: 1520
508: 1498
424:closed bolt
370:Terminology
318:and casual
241:, with the
200:and higher
18:Youth rifle
5526:Categories
5297:Gun safety
5292:Gunfighter
5083:Centrefire
5065:Cartridges
5045:Snake shot
4985:Round shot
4975:Projectile
4960:Incendiary
4858:Ammunition
4817:Propellant
4785:Obturation
4757:Squib load
4685:ammunition
4523:Accurizing
4459:Ballistics
4373:Electronic
4292:Telescopic
4143:Recoil pad
4002:Firing pin
3977:Bump stock
3940:Breechface
3881:Components
3873:components
3726:Ammunition
3474:Wallet gun
3418:Pepper-box
3363:Spring-gun
3358:Smoothbore
3353:Sleeve gun
2954:12 January
2923:Reason.com
2642:23 October
2108:References
2006:Gun safety
1840:Long rifle
1765:Blaser R93
1753:Ross rifle
1739:Mauser G98
1584:Underlever
1523:Modello 91
1328:or linear
1129:7.92Ă—33mm
1121:suppressor
937:Needle gun
835:Boshin war
817:Minié ball
658:cartridges
642:Minié ball
562:Brown Bess
558:long rifle
503:of Vienna
360:gyroscopic
340:arquebuses
333:smoothbore
312:small game
304:air rifles
294:and other
284:propellant
272:projectile
238:rifled gun
77:newspapers
5337:Gun shops
5287:Forensics
5262:and
5208:Gun shows
4950:Frangible
4940:Expanding
4892:Gas check
4887:Flechette
4870:Cannelure
4795:Gunpowder
4752:Hang fire
4720:Firefight
4573:Lock time
4563:Headspace
4528:Bore axis
4413:Repeating
4363:Open bolt
4277:Magnifier
4163:Auto sear
4069:Wheellock
4064:Flintlock
4042:Half-cock
3997:Extractor
3898:Feed ramp
3828:Tommy Gun
3818:M1 Garand
3753:.410 bore
3717:Sawed-off
3692:Coach gun
3606:Repeating
3599:Polygonal
3523:Automatic
3506:Anti-tank
3391:Derringer
3281:Flare gun
3095:26 August
3070:26 August
3009:Maclean's
2510:0031-4587
2404:0031-4587
2282:0035-9289
2236:0090-5917
1779:SpeedLine
1698:Repeating
1639:flintlock
1590:Overlever
1587:Sidelever
1546:5.45Ă—39mm
1188:Stratasys
1166:arcminute
1099:M1 Garand
1088:artillery
953:Chassepot
941:Tabatière
930:Chassepot
885:Cartridge
710:flintlock
602:, led by
512:Nuremberg
416:open bolt
408:magazines
380:M1 Garand
336:long guns
314:hunting,
253:machining
214:buttstock
204:, with a
171:SVD rifle
5537:Infantry
5498:Politics
5418:Gun laws
5349:Gunsmith
5237:Politics
5156:industry
5078:Caseless
4880:Snap cap
4773:Ignition
4764:Ricochet
4705:Dry fire
4681:Shooting
4608:Velocity
4474:Terminal
4469:External
4433:Slamfire
4418:Revolver
4333:Blowback
4200:Tapering
4175:Silencer
4138:Receiver
4076:Magazine
4032:Foregrip
4022:Freebore
3992:Cylinder
3950:Rotating
3913:Trunnion
3779:Historic
3670:Shotguns
3589:Marksman
3567:Elephant
3469:Starting
3428:Revolver
3396:Duelling
3386:Cane gun
3378:Handguns
3338:Riot gun
3306:Takedown
3291:Long gun
3276:Elephant
3180:glossary
3172:Firearms
3016:: 18–25.
2902:Archived
2879:Archived
2771:15 March
2721:15 March
2696:15 March
2671:15 March
2614:"Bullet"
2573:15 March
2518:20087726
2439:16 April
2412:20087726
2370:: 84–89.
2066:Shooting
1980:See also
1914:Civilian
1821:Military
1815:By usage
1665:dropping
1657:trapdoor
1475:calibers
1401:using a
1148:and the
1146:marksman
1017:magazine
864:and the
794:infantry
790:Delvigne
778:Delvigne
715:made by
675:shotguns
522:infantry
420:cook-off
412:belt-fed
325:plinking
290:and now
198:shooting
151:Virginia
107:May 2024
5485: (
5452:License
5220:Hunting
5168:Society
5148:Society
5125:Wildcat
5120:Pinfire
5050:Spitzer
4980:Raufoss
4922:Bullets
4912:Wadding
4827:Cordite
4805:Rimfire
4735:Fouling
4715:Gunshot
4693:Gunshot
4533:Caliber
4516:Metrics
4447:Physics
4348:Boxlock
4321:Actions
4307:Zeroing
4302:Thermal
4260:Reticle
4230:Diopter
4205:Trigger
4052:Striker
4027:Forearm
4012:Fluting
3982:Chamber
3970:Tilting
3960:Flapper
3920:Bayonet
3908:Threads
3672: (
3594:Rifling
3582:Varmint
3572:Express
3562:Buffalo
3557:Hunting
3540:Carbine
3511:Assault
3486: (
3413:Machine
3333:Pen gun
3328:Net gun
3323:Needler
3315: (
3296:Carbine
3217:History
3200:Firearm
3174: (
3131:Tribune
2982:(ed.).
2464:NPR.org
2302:3 March
2086:Shotgun
2051:Rifling
2011:Handgun
1900:Carbine
1713:, e.g.
1702:Manual
1673:screwed
1669:tilting
1661:rolling
1643:caplock
1637:, some
1625:Firearm
1571:Air gun
1491:caliber
1483:varmint
1469:Caliber
1389:during
1364:rifling
1362:Barrel
1335:elastic
1233:Rifling
1227:Rifling
1184:Grizzly
1051:firing
1043:In the
897:cordite
893:primers
851:caliber
713:carbine
671:hunting
566:helical
552:In the
539:Muskets
486:muskets
482:Archers
390:Modern
344:muskets
338:(e.g.,
265:trigger
226:hunting
218:warfare
210:rifling
194:firearm
179:Type 56
91:scholar
66:"Rifle"
5542:Rifles
5282:Deaths
5264:safety
5152:safety
5030:Meplat
5010:Tracer
4837:Ramrod
4790:Primer
4635:Recoil
4598:Energy
4593:Muzzle
4265:Reflex
4222:Sights
4170:Shroud
4153:Safety
4047:Linear
4037:Hammer
3965:Roller
3893:Barrel
3646:Medium
3611:Sniper
3552:Double
3528:Battle
3484:Rifles
3423:Pocket
3401:Pistol
3343:Rotary
3301:Musket
3232:Weapon
3222:Safety
3184:topics
3182:, and
3122:format
2929:23 May
2853:
2828:
2798:
2744:
2596:
2516:
2508:
2410:
2402:
2280:
2234:
2196:25 May
2187:
2151:25 May
2142:
1971:
1943:rifle
1512:.30-06
1481:inch)
1435:(60).
1320:using
1291:chrome
1150:sniper
1138:MKb-42
1092:trench
1055:. The
1031:Modern
356:torque
348:barrel
276:bullet
206:barrel
177:, and
163:CAR-15
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
5115:Paper
5073:Blank
5040:ABCBC
5025:Minié
4970:HEIAP
4955:Green
4907:Sabot
4640:Group
4548:Gauge
4383:Lever
4358:Break
4255:Laser
4240:Globe
4210:guard
4190:Stock
4185:Choke
3853:Glock
3848:M1911
3833:MP 40
3793:AR-15
3788:AK-47
3651:Heavy
3641:Light
3205:lists
2978:. In
2514:JSTOR
2408:JSTOR
1800:rifle
1680:rifle
1549:AK-74
1509:M1903
1487:20 mm
1423:pitch
1358:Range
1322:lever
1283:steel
1255:Glock
446:stock
352:lands
257:rifle
246:rifle
189:is a
187:rifle
175:RK 62
155:FAMAS
98:JSTOR
84:books
5483:Laws
5387:Arms
5342:list
5320:list
5160:laws
5108:list
4990:SLAP
4935:Cast
4683:and
4603:Rise
4398:Pump
4343:Bolt
4287:Tang
4250:Iron
4158:Sear
4091:Drum
4086:Clip
4059:Lock
3945:Bolt
3925:Belt
3903:Slug
3765:Slug
3760:Shot
3712:Riot
3674:list
3616:list
3577:Punt
3545:list
3533:list
3516:list
3488:list
3445:list
3433:list
3406:list
3317:list
3176:list
3097:2010
3072:2010
3042:2018
2956:2017
2931:2021
2851:ISBN
2826:ISBN
2796:ISBN
2773:2021
2742:ISBN
2723:2021
2698:2021
2673:2021
2644:2021
2622:2022
2594:ISBN
2575:2021
2506:ISSN
2471:2017
2441:2023
2400:ISSN
2304:2022
2278:ISSN
2232:ISSN
2198:2024
2185:ISBN
2153:2024
2140:ISBN
1904:list
1894:list
1884:list
1862:list
1823:and
1688:list
1379:AX50
1326:pump
1182:The
1162:mrad
1156:and
1132:Kurz
1119:and
1097:The
995:The
847:bore
819:and
759:and
629:and
437:and
402:and
243:verb
228:and
70:news
5055:VLD
4902:PCA
4148:Rim
3838:Uzi
3798:M16
3656:SAW
3227:War
3212:Gun
3120:PDF
2498:doi
2270:doi
2224:doi
2177:doi
2132:doi
1757:K31
1671:or
1542:M16
1479:.17
1381:by
1168:).
1111:in
400:RPK
328:).
302:in
167:M40
149:in
53:by
5528::
5154:,
5150:,
3178:,
3088:.
3058:.
3031:.
3012:.
3006:.
2964:^
2947:.
2921:.
2890:^
2865:^
2810:^
2764:.
2714:.
2689:.
2664:.
2646:.
2566:.
2512:.
2504:.
2494:69
2492:.
2488:.
2462:.
2449:^
2406:.
2396:69
2394:.
2390:.
2376:^
2366:.
2362:.
2339:.
2333:.
2276:.
2266:56
2264:.
2260:.
2244:^
2230:.
2220:51
2218:.
2214:.
2183:,
2171:,
2160:^
2138:,
2126:,
2115:^
1769:R8
1763:,
1759:,
1755:,
1745:,
1741:,
1717:,
1667:,
1663:,
1659:,
1611:CO
1551:.
1518:.
1324:,
1082:,
728:c.
726:,
618:.
580:A
515:c.
505:c.
441:.
342:,
310:,
267:.
232:.
224:,
220:,
185:A
173:,
169:,
165:,
161:,
157:,
5489:)
3676:)
3490:)
3319:)
3186:)
3164:e
3157:t
3150:v
3099:.
3074:.
3044:.
2958:.
2933:.
2908:)
2885:)
2859:.
2834:.
2804:.
2775:.
2750:.
2725:.
2700:.
2675:.
2624:.
2602:.
2577:.
2552:.
2538:.
2500::
2473:.
2443:.
2414:.
2368:3
2341:1
2306:.
2284:.
2272::
2238:.
2226::
2179::
2134::
1989:/
1906:)
1902:(
1896:)
1892:(
1886:)
1882:(
1864:)
1860:(
1767:/
1690:)
1686:(
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849:(
322:(
274:(
181:.
136:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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