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1204:, the Yavapai there began to construct irrigation systems (including a five-mile (8 km) long ditch) that functioned well enough to reap sufficient harvests, making the tribe relatively self-sufficient. But contractors that worked with the government to supply the reservations were disappointed, and petitioned to have the reservation revoked. The government complied, and in March 1875, the government closed the reservation, and marched the residents 180 miles (290 km) to the
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story. An entire night is needed to sing the whole cycle, from sun down to sun up. This story tells the creation of the Yuman people and how they came to be. Bird songs are sung accompanied by a gourd, usually painted with various designs and made with a handle made of cottonwood. Modern bird singing and dancing is used for various purposes such as mourning, celebration and social purposes.
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248 acres (1,003,620 m) in two parcels, which became the Middle Verde Indian
Reservation. These two reservations were combined in 1937, to form the Camp Verde Yavapai–Apache tribe. Today, the reservation spans 665 acres (2.7 km), in four separate locales. Tourism contributes greatly to the economy of the tribe, due largely to the presence of many preserved sites, including the
456:. An estimated quarter of the population died as a result of smallpox in the 17th and 18th centuries, smaller losses than for some tribes, but substantial enough to disrupt their societies. With the use of guns and other weapons, they began to change methods of warfare, diplomacy, and trade. They used livestock raiding, either from other tribes such as the Maricopa, or from
1179:, but the Apache seldom used tattoos. They created different painted designs on faces. They also had different funeral practices. In clothing, Yavapai moccasins were rounded, whereas those of the Apaches were shaped with pointed toes. Both groups were hunter-gatherers. They left campsites so similar that scholars are seldom able to distinguish between them.
660:" (maize, squash, and beans) in fertile streambeds. In particular, the Tolkepaya, who lived in lands that were less supportive of food gathering, turned to agriculture more than other Yavapai. They had to work to cultivate crops, as their land was also less supportive of agriculture. In turn, Tolkepaya often traded items such as animal skins, baskets, and
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for young Apache girls, which typically takes place from March through
October. The sunrise dance is an ancient practice, unique to the Apache. It is related to the Changing Woman, a powerful figure in Apache culture associated with longevity. The power of Changing Woman is transferred to the pubescent girl through songs sung by the
529:, US military incursions into Yavapai territory greatly increased. After gold was discovered in California in 1849, more Euro-American emigrants passed through Yavapai territory than ever had before. Despite the thousands of emigrants passing through their territory, the Yavapai avoided contact with Americans.
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The
Yavapai have never been unified by a single central government. Historically they were four separate autonomous bands, connected through kinship and shared cultures and language, which were in turn composed of clans. The bands or subtribes allied with and traded with external tribes independently
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The
Yavapai main sociopolitical organization were local groups of extended families, which were identified with certain geographic regions in which they resided. These local groups would form bands in times of war, raiding or defense. For most of Yavapai history, the family was the focal group, be it
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was attempting to relocate the residents, to open up the area, and water rights to other interests. A delegation of
Yavapai testified to a Congressional Committee against this, and won. Today, the tribal community consists of 900 members, 600 of whom live on the reservation and the remaining 300 who
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Ethnological writings describe some major physical differences between
Yavapai and Tonto Apache peoples. The Yavapai were described as taller, of more muscular build, well-proportioned and thickly featured, while the Tonto Apache were slight and less muscular, smaller of stature and finely featured.
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of the
Colorado River region, bird singing and dancing has been adopted by modern Yavapai culture. Bird singing and dancing does not belong to the Yavapai people as a whole but this practice has been picked up by different tribes of the Yuman family. According to Mohave elders, the bird songs tell a
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The last big battle between the
Colorado–Gila River alliances took place in August 1857, when about 100 Yavapai, Quechan, and Mohave warriors attacked a settlement of Maricopa near Pima Butte. After overwhelming the Maricopa, the Yavapai left. A group of Akimel O'odham, supplied with guns and horses
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By the early 20th century, Yavapai were moving away from the San Carlos
Reservation, and were requesting permission to live on the grounds of the original Camp Verde Reservation. In 1910, 40 acres (161,874 m) was set aside as the Camp Verde Indian Reservation, and in the following decade added
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The
Sunrise Dance Ceremony may have come to the Yavapai through the Apache. with Apache and Yavapai often intermarried and adopted elements of each other's cultures; these two tribes reside together on the Camp Verde and Fort McDowell reservations. The Sunrise Dance is a four-day rite-of-transition
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meet. The dam would have flooded two-thirds of the 24,000-acre (97 km) reservation. In return, the members of the tribe (at the time consisting of 425 members) were offered homes and cash settlements. But in 1976, the tribe rejected the offer by a vote of 61%, claiming that the tribe would be
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Scholars cannot tell from records whether the writers of the time, when using the term Tonto Apache, were referring to Yavapai or Apache, or those mixed bands. In addition, the Europeans often referred to the Wi:pukba and Guwevkabaya incorrectly as the Yavapai Apache or Yuma Apache. The Europeans
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bands from the south. Because of the greater strength of the Akimel O'odham/Maricopa, Yavapai/Apache raids generally conducted small-scale quick raids, followed by a retreat to avoid counter-attack. The Yavapai defended their lands against Akimel O'odham incursions when the Akimel O'odham would
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The Yavapai practiced traditional dances such as the Mountain Spirit Dance, War Dances, Victory Dances and Social Dances. The Mountain Spirit dance was a masked dance, which was used for guidance or healing of a sick person. The masked dancers represented Mountain Spirits, who dwell in
564:, or the Tonto Wars, were a series of armed conflicts between the Yavapai and Tonto Apache against the United States in Arizona. The period began no later than 1861, with the arrival of American settlers on Yavapai and Tonto land. At the time, the Yavapai were considered a band of the
970:, Dripping Springs, the Four Peaks and Mazatzal Mountains in south-western Arizona. They intermarried with the Tonto Apache and San Carlos Apache and spoke their language in addition to their own. They were also called the Guwevkabaya, Kwevkepaya, Kwevikopaya, or Southern Yavapai.
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In the intervening time, through contact with other tribes that had more European contact, the Yavapai began to adopt certain European practices. They raised some livestock and planted crops, also adopting some metal tools and weaponry. In a syncretic way, they adopted elements of
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Government among the Yavapai tended to be informal. There were no tribal and hand chiefs. Certain men became recognized leaders based on others choosing to follow them, heed their advice, and support their decisions. Men who were noted for their skills as warriors were called
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in Prescott was established in 1935, originally consisting of just 75 acres (300,000 m) of land formerly occupied by the Fort Whipple Military Reserve. In 1956, an additional 1,320 acres (5 km) were added. Succeeding the tribe's first chief, Sam Jimulla, his wife
1000:, in north-central Arizona. They often intermarried with the Tonto Apache and spoke their language as well as Yavapai. They were also called the Wipukpaya or Wi:pukba, which translates as "Foot of the Mountain (Red Buttes) People" or "People from the Foot of the Red Rock".
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plants. Agave was the most crucial harvest, as it was the only plant food available from late fall through early spring. The hearts of the plant were roasted in stone-lined pits, and could be stored for later use. Primary animals hunted were deer, rabbit,
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is located within Maricopa County approximately 20 miles northeast of Phoenix. The reservation came into existence when Theodore Roosevelt had Fort McDowell declared a 40 square miles (100 km) reservation in 1903, but by 1910, the
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in 1872–73. Aided by Pai scouts, the Americans killed many of the Yavapai and forced them onto a reservation at Camp Verde, where a third of the surviving Yavapai died from disease. In 1875, they were forcibly relocated to the
1220:, calling themselves Dilzhe'e, utilized the lands to the north, east and south; while the Wi:pukba or Northeastern Yavapai were using country to the north, the west and the south. It was the Upper Verde where they overlapped.
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fruit harvest, and hunting of rabbits and woodrats. In winter, camps were formed of larger groups, consisting of several families. They separated into smaller groups at the end of winter, in time for the spring harvest.
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In 1851, a group of Yavapai attacked American settlers, the Oatman family. Roys Oatman and his wife were killed, along with four of their seven children. The son, Lorenzo, was left for dead but survived, while sisters
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According to Thomas Sweeney, the Tolkepaya would tell US officers encountered in Quechan territory, that they had a 30-day march to their own territory. They wanted to discourage US encroachment on their land.
656:, following an annual migration to different areas to follow the ripening of different edible plants and movement of game animals. Some communities supplemented this diet with small-scale cultivation of the "
1147:– "People with high-pitched voices." The ethnic Europeans referred to the Yavapai and Apache together as Tonto Apache. The peoples raided and warred together against enemy tribes such as the
1109:. Outsiders, such as the Spanish, Mexicans and Americans distinguished the peoples primarily by language, but often referred to them as one name. The Apache spoke the Tonto dialect of the
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became the first female chieftess of a North American tribe. Today, the tribe consists of 159 official members. The population consists mainly of the Yavbe'/Yavapé Group of Yavapais.
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effectively disbanded by the move. In 1981, after much petitioning of the US government, and a three-day march by approximately 100 Yavapai, the plan to build the dam was withdrawn.
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Their creation story explains that Yavapai people originated "in the beginning," or "many years ago," when either a tree or a maize plant sprouted from the ground in what is now
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settlements to their south, to supplement their economy. They often acquired human captives in raids, whom they traded as slaves to Spaniards in exchange for European goods.
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Warfare was not uncommon in the Yavapai world, and they made changing alliances for security. Wi:pukba (Wipukepa) and Guwevkabaya (Kwevkepaya) bands formed alliances with
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over a Quechan ferry crossing on the Colorado River. The Quechan used the ferry to transport settlers over the river, into California. After they killed a group led by
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the nuclear family, or extended. This is partly because most food-providing sites were not large enough to support larger populations. However, exceptions are known.
1019:. They were also called Northwestern Yavapai, Yavbe, Central Yavapai, or the "real Yavapai", because they were little culturally influenced by neighboring peoples.
922:("person who goes forward"). Other warriors were willing to follow such men into combat. Some Yavapai men were noted for their wisdom and speaking ability. Called
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Yavapai-Apache Nation former Chairman Jon Huey and current Chairwoman Tanya Lewis (then Vice Chairwoman) meeting with Rep. Tom O'Halleran (AZ) and colleague, 2020
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Most of the people in these mixed groups spoke both languages. The headman of each band usually had two names, one from each culture. Therefore, the enemy
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713:. Fish and water-borne birds were eschewed by most Yavapai groups. Some groups of Tolkepaya began eating fish after contact with their Quechan neighbors.
1216:. The Yavapai–Apache Nation is the amalgamation of two historically distinct Tribes both of whom occupied the Upper Verde prior to European arrival. The
832:. A medicine man is joined by other tribal members in singing a series of songs, up to 32 which are believed to have first been sung by Changing Woman.
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Yavapai also participate in dances and singing shared with neighboring tribes such as the Apache Sunrise Dance and the Bird Singing and Dancing of the
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region to become Upland Yumans. Archeological and linguistic evidence suggests that they split off to develop as the Yavapai somewhere around 1300 CE.
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people due to their close relationship with tribes such as the Tonto and Pinal. From 366 to 489 Yavapai were killed in massacres, and 375 perished in
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led a trapping group through the territory in 1829, the group was "nightly harassed..." Traps were stolen and some of their horses and mules killed.
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926:("person who talks"), they would settle disputes within the camp and advise others on the selection of campsites, work ethics, and food production.
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kinship systems, with children considered born into the mother's family and clan, with inheritance and property figured through the maternal line.
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in southwestern Arizona. They maintained close ties to the Quechan and Mojave. They were also called Ɖo:lkabaya, Tulkepaia, or Western Yavapai.
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The first fighting between US troops and Yavapai came in early 1837, when the Tolkepaya joined with their Quechan neighbors to defend against
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of each other. These four subtribes are the Kewevkepaya (southeastern), Tolkepaya (western), Wipukepa (northeastern), Yavepé (northwestern)
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A fifth Yavapai band, no longer in existence, was the Mađqwarrpaa or "Desert People." Members of this band intermarried with the Mojave and
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a rectangular hut, that had dirt piled up against its sides for insulation, and a flat roof. They also sought shelter in caves or abandoned
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514:, who had taken over the crossing, the US government retaliated by burning the fields of the Quechans, and taking control of the crossing.
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led another group through Yavapai lands in 1598 and again in 1604–1605, looking for a route to the sea which Yavapai had told them about.
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The language includes three dialects known as Kwevkepaya (Southern), Tolkepaya (Western), Wipukepa (Verde Valley), and Yavepe (Prescott).
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dialects, and had a common cultural history, each people had tales of a dispute that separated them from each other. According to Pai
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Waterstat, Elaine (1998). Hoomothya's Long Journey 1865–1897: The true story of a Yavapai Indian. Mount McDowell Press. pp. 79–80.
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were later sold to Mojaves as slaves. The story was widely published and increased white settlers' fears of attack in Arizona.
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branches or other wood and covered with animal skins, grasses, bark, and/or dirt. In the Colorado River area, Tolkepaya built
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derives from the self-designation of the Yavapai. The population of Fort McDowell consists of the Guwevkabaya Yavapai.
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The Yavapai historically controlled about 10 million acres of land in west-central Arizona. Their lands bordered the
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1372:, traveled with his nephew Takodawa as spokesman in 1872 to Washington, DC, and met with President Ulysses S. Grant
861:(Wom-boo-nya-va). In summer, they built simple lean-tos without walls. During winter months, closed huts (called
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448:, the dispute began with a "mudball fight between children." Scholars believe this split occurred around 1750.
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lived alongside the Tonto Apache of central and western Arizona. The Tonto Apache lived usually east of the
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394:, to Jerome Mountain. De Espejo sought gold and was disappointed to find only copper. In 1598, Hopi brought
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Likewise the Guwevkabaya shared hunting and gathering grounds east of the Verde River, along Fossil Creek,
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905:(Quail's Roost), a Guwevkabaya summer camp that supported upwards of 100 people at a time. It supported a
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American settlers often mistakenly called the Yavapai "Mohave-Apache," "Yuma-Apache," or "Tonto-Apache".
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in the March of Tears. After only 25 years, their population of 1,500 plummeted to only 200 survivors.
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The Yavapai women were described as stouter and having "handsomer" faces than the Yuma, in a historic
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The Yavapai population was about 1,550 in 1992. In 1500 CE, there were an estimated 1,500 Yavapai.
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1128:. Living together in common rancherias, families identified as Apache or Yavapai based on their “
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1378:(Yavapai, 1930–2013), president of the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation, advocate for Indian gaming
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Native Americans of the Southwest: The Serious Traveler's Introduction to Peoples and Places
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peoples. The Yavapai have much in common with their linguistic relatives to the north, the
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To the north and northwest, Wi:pukba and Yavbe' bands had off-and-on relations with the
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and his group to the same mines, to their excitement. Farfán referred to the Yavapai as
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The Yavapai historically were divided into geographically distinct bands or subtribes:
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1357:(Yavapai/Apache, c. 1866–1923), doctor, Indigenous rights activist, co-founder of the
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would be built, all by the end of the year, and all in traditional Yavapai territory.
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The Struggle for Water: Politics, Rationality, and Identity in the American Southwest
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In the 1820s, American beaver trappers, having depleted the beaver population of the
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Photograph of three young Yavapai men by A. Miller, National Anthropological Archives
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1341:(Prescott Yavapai, 1878–1966), chief of the Yavapai-Prescott Tribe from 1940 to 1966
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1286:- "The People" therefore some anthropologists and linguists believe, that the name
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The former territory of the Yavapai. The yellow line shows the forced march to the
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in May 1845 and especially after the claim by the US of southwest lands under the
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and most of the Yavapai bands lived west of it. The Wi:pukba tribal areas in the
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320:, itself a member of the Pai branch of the Yuman language family. Their Upland
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near present-day Prescott. The Mountain Spirits also dwell in the caves of
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to the north called both, the Tonto Apache and their allies, the Yavapai,
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Wipukepa, Wiipukpaa (northeastern), also known as the Verde Valley Yavapai
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2134:, Flagstaff: Museum of Northern Arizona, Anthropology research report #8
966:, including the southern and western slopes of the Pinal Mountains, the
487:, began entering Yavapai territory. They trapped beaver along the Salt,
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Experience Jerome: The Moguls, Miners, and Mistresses of Cleopatra Hill
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By 1900, most Yavapai left the San Carlos Reservation to return to the
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Frontiersmen in Blue: The United States Army and the Indian, 1848–1865
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from US troops, arrived and routed the remaining Mohave and Quechans.
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throughout most of their history. Though Pai and Yavapai both spoke
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1384:(Yavapai, c. 1862–1893), U.S. Army scout, medal of honor recipient
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An early 20th-century Yavapai basket bowl woven of willow and reed
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1347:(Yavapai/Hulapai, 1926–1994), chief of the Yavapai-Prescott Tribe
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referred to the Tolkepaya, the western group of Yavapai, and the
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area, in the early 1970s Arizonan officials proposed to build a
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Bird Singing and Dancing: Originally part of the culture of the
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Ruland Thorne, Kate; Rodda, Jeanette; Smith, Nancy R. (2005).
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A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
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A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples
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California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity
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Carlos Montezuma, Wassaja (Yavapai/Apache), doctor, activist
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lived in the southeast, along the Verde River south of the
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Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation
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Sipapu, the Story of the Indians of Arizona and New Mexico
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The first recorded contact with Yavapai was in 1583, when
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Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation
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2141:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
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Western archeologists believe the Yavapai derived from
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1208:. More than 100 Yavapai died during the winter trek.
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The Yavapai language is one of three dialects of the
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University of California Publications in Linguistics
2210:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 103–05.
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Surviving Conquest: A History of the Yavapai Peoples
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Sedona, Sacred Earth: A Guide to the Red Rock County
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205:Today Yavapai people are enrolled in the following
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2132:Verde Valley Archaeology: Review & Prospective
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595:, the nearby valleys, as well as in Prescott, and
1007:lived in the northwestern Yavapai territory from
977:lived in the western Yavapai territory along the
857:The Yavapai built brush shelter dwellings called
420:bands, to attack and defend against raids by the
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1806:"The Yavapai Indians – Native American Netroots"
1366:, 19th-century leader in the Wickenburg Massacre
2098:. Tucson, Arizona: Arizona Historical Society.
1918:"Official website of the Yavapai–Apache Nation"
889:A replica of a historical Yavapai brush shelter
402:because of the crosses painted on their heads.
2247:Salzmann, Zdenek and Salzmann, Joy M. (1997).
2127:", Sun Valley Spur Shopper, September 30, 1971
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540:A drawing from 1851 of Yavapai people made by
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2159:Jones, Terry L. and Klar, Kathryn A. (2007).
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1282:on Fort McDowell Reservation call themselves
1046:("People from the Foot of the Red Rock") and
572:deportations out of 1,400 remaining Yavapai.
1970:"Yavapai Prescott Indian Tribe - About YPIT"
1490:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico
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667:The main plant foods gathered were walnuts,
2268:University of California, Berkeley (1943).
2130:Fish, Paul R. and Fish, Suzanne K. (1977).
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755:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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544:first topographical mission across Arizona
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775:Learn how and when to remove this message
2356:, National Museum of the American Indian
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261:Kewevkepaya, Gwev G’paaya (southeastern)
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881:Precolonial sociopolitical organization
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2604:List of Indian reservations in Arizona
2409:Contemporary peoples native to Arizona
2178:. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc.,
2146:Encyclopedia of North American Indians
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1848:, 2003, University of Nebraska Press,
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1698:"The Forced Relocation of the Yavapai"
291:, translating as "People of the Sun".
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2251:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
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844:
796:, Red Mountain (near Fort McDowell),
374:) peoples who migrated east from the
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1167:), as Yuma Apache or Mohave Apache.
753:adding citations to reliable sources
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57:Regions with significant populations
2638:People from Yavapai County, Arizona
2176:Selected Problems in Yavapai Syntax
1224:Yavapai Prescott Indian Reservation
1175:report. The Yavapai often acquired
1038:Interaction with neighboring Apache
13:
2643:Native American history of Arizona
2633:History of Yavapai County, Arizona
2263:The Indian Tribes of North America
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1324:
1214:Montezuma Castle National Monument
14:
2654:
2628:Native American tribes in Arizona
2332:
2272:, University of California Press.
1258:Fort McDowell Yavapai Reservatoin
606:, fought against the Yavapai and
467:lived among the Yavapai in 1776.
2391:
2291:Big Dry Wash Battlfield, Arizona
2279:, University of Nebraska Press,
2265:, US Government Printing Office.
2139:Northeastern and Western Yavapai
2080:. University of Nebraska Press.
1696:Immanuel, Marc (21 April 2017).
929:
725:
141:
2544:Prehistoric cultures in Arizona
2275:Utley, Robert Marshall (1981).
2193:, University of Chicago Press.
2189:Nelson Espeland, Wendy (1998).
2049:
2025:
2016:
1991:
1982:
1962:
1953:
1935:
1910:
1901:
1892:
1867:
1858:
1823:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1753:
1704:
1650:
1641:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1557:
1548:
1493:. Scholarly Press. p. 994.
1183:Yavapai tribes and reservations
1070:, overlapped with those of the
618:
470:
381:
246:to the west, and almost to the
1539:
1524:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1487:Hodge, Frederick Webb (1968).
1447:
1274:live off the reservation. The
1009:Williamson (Williamson Valley)
602:The Americans, led by General
264:Tolkepaya, Tolkepaye (western)
16:Indigenous people from Arizona
1:
2349:Yavapai-Prescott Indian Tribe
2326:Yavapai Prescott Indian Tribe
2033:"Orme Dam victory celebrated"
1668:"The War Against the Yavapai"
1405:
1395:Indigenous peoples in Arizona
1192:After being relocated to the
1120:), and the Yavapai spoke the
521:Following the declaration of
353:San Carlos Apache Reservation
334:
270:Yavepé, Yaavpe (northwestern)
224:Yavapai-Prescott Indian Tribe
2339:Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation
2300:Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation
2144:Hoxie, Frederick E. (1996).
1942:ITCA – Yavapai–Apache Nation
1304:Responding to growth in the
1266:Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation
677:manzanita berries and apples
664:to Quechan groups for food.
390:guides led Spanish explorer
324:may be part of the proposed
214:Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation
7:
2261:Swanton, John Reed (1952).
2174:Kendall, Martha B. (1976).
2108:Coffer, William E. (1982).
2094:Campbell, Julie A. (1998).
2022:Nelson Espeland, pp.185-186
1388:
1359:Society of American Indians
1294:Southern Athabascan peoples
988:lived in the northeast, in
675:, acorns, sunflower seeds,
627:and neighboring homelands.
527:Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
297:
207:federally recognized tribes
10:
2659:
2148:, Houghton Mifflin Books,
2096:Studies in Arizona History
2069:
1115:Ndee biyati' / Nnee biyati
652:, the Yavapai were mainly
635:
630:
396:Marcos Farfán de los Godos
342:
309:
242:to the southeast, and the
18:
2598:
2543:
2408:
2125:The Story of Mickey Burns
2112:, Van Nostrand Reinhold,
1249:Fort McDowell Reservation
1232:The Yavapai-Prescott flag
1101:. Therefore, they formed
1081:, Salt River, and in the
964:Sierra Estrella Mountains
716:
648:Before being confined to
114:
109:
98:
93:
78:
73:
61:
56:
51:
46:
34:
2204:Pritzker, Barry (2000).
2137:Gifford, Edward (1936).
2076:Braatz, Timothy (2003).
1875:"Skeleton Cave Massacre"
1672:Native American Netroots
1271:Office of Indian Affairs
687:, and the greens of the
575:When in early 1863, the
508:Major Samuel Heintzelman
21:Yavapai (disambiguation)
1711:Mann, Nicholas (2005).
1312:at the point where the
1173:Smithsonian Institution
1111:Western Apache language
804:) near Camp Verde, and
406:17th and 18th centuries
274:
1334:
1261:
1233:
1206:San Carlos reservation
1194:Camp Verde Reservation
1083:Superstition Mountains
960:Superstition Mountains
939:
890:
854:
645:
613:San Carlos Reservation
545:
480:
356:
307:
194:belongs to the Upland
2313:Yavapai-Apache Nation
2309:, history and culture
2236:, Primer Publishers,
1768:Gifford, pp. 250, 255
1521:Mithun (1999) p. 578.
1332:
1256:
1231:
1188:Yavapai–Apache Nation
1163:(who belonged to the
1095:Southern Tonto Apache
1072:Northern Tonto Apache
938:Two Yavapai men, 1889
937:
888:
852:
816:in the Verde Valley.
643:
539:
478:
350:
326:Hokan language family
318:Upland Yuman language
305:
200:Hokan language family
110:Related ethnic groups
84:Upland Yuman language
2037:The Arizona Republic
1717:. Light Technology.
1280:Southeastern Yavapai
877:to escape the cold.
865:) would be built of
749:improve this section
19:For other uses, see
2354:Yavapai collections
2163:, Rowman Altamira,
1924:on December 9, 2007
1545:Ruland Thorne, p. 2
1238:Yavapai reservation
1165:Upland Yuma Peoples
1132:.” Both groups had
1056:San Francisco Peaks
899:Fish Creek, Arizona
683:, the bulbs of the
579:discovered gold in
463:Spanish missionary
232:San Francisco Peaks
100:Indigenous religion
82:(three dialects of
31:
2398:Indigenous peoples
2318:2017-09-10 at the
2305:2009-04-19 at the
2078:Surviving Conquest
1947:2011-07-09 at the
1647:Braatz, pp. 253–54
1635:Surviving Conquest
1566:Surviving Conquest
1533:Surviving Conquest
1474:Surviving Conquest
1400:History of Arizona
1345:Patricia Ann McGee
1335:
1262:
1234:
1091:Pinaleno Mountains
1013:Bradshaw Mountains
998:Rio Verde, Arizona
968:McDowell Mountains
952:Mazatzal Mountains
940:
918:("not afraid") or
891:
855:
845:Historical housing
794:McDowell Mountains
646:
583:(near present-day
546:
523:war against Mexico
481:
429:invade to harvest
357:
308:
240:Mazatzal Mountains
236:Pinaleno Mountains
234:to the north, the
29:
2610:
2609:
2087:978-0-8032-2242-7
1999:"Yavapai History"
1854:978-0-8032-2242-7
1587:Braatz, pp. 63–67
1300:Orme Dam conflict
1099:San Carlos Apache
1097:and bands of the
1060:Upper Verde River
785:
784:
777:
644:Manzanita berries
585:Prescott, Arizona
392:Antonio de Espejo
133:
132:
2650:
2559:
2551:Ancestral Pueblo
2396:
2395:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2217:978-0-1951-38771
2091:
2064:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2001:. Archived from
1995:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1920:. Archived from
1914:
1908:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1877:. Archived from
1871:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1844:Timothy Braatz:
1842:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1808:. Archived from
1802:
1796:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1733:
1732:
1727:. Archived from
1708:
1702:
1701:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1674:. Archived from
1663:
1657:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1639:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1537:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1478:
1469:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1436:
1351:Carlos Montezuma
1292:for the various
1145:Dilzhʼíʼ dinéʼiʼ
1122:Yavapai language
1118:
1079:East Verde River
1064:Oak Creek Canyon
990:Oak Creek Canyon
979:Hassayampa River
962:and the western
810:Montezuma Castle
806:Granite Mountain
780:
773:
769:
766:
760:
729:
721:
654:hunter-gatherers
593:Agua Fria Rivers
465:Francisco Garcés
312:Yavapai language
198:of the proposed
192:Yavapai language
178:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
47:Total population
39:
32:
28:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2594:
2555:
2539:
2466:Southern Paiute
2404:
2390:
2388:
2335:
2328:, official site
2322:, official site
2320:Wayback Machine
2307:Wayback Machine
2222:
2220:
2218:
2088:
2072:
2067:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2008:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1949:Wayback Machine
1940:
1936:
1927:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1884:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1864:Gifford, p. 249
1863:
1859:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1824:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:Pritzker, p.104
1749:
1736:
1725:
1709:
1705:
1694:
1690:
1681:
1679:
1664:
1660:
1656:Campbell, p. 80
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1562:
1558:
1554:Swanton, p. 368
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1485:
1481:
1470:
1457:
1453:Salzmann, p. 58
1452:
1448:
1437:
1412:
1408:
1391:
1327:
1325:Notable Yavapai
1302:
1251:
1226:
1190:
1185:
1116:
1040:
1017:Agua Fria River
932:
883:
847:
798:Mingus Mountain
781:
770:
764:
761:
746:
730:
719:
689:Lamb's quarters
673:juniper berries
638:
633:
621:
485:Rocky Mountains
473:
408:
384:
345:
337:
314:
300:
285:Mojave language
283:comes from the
277:
184:Native American
176:
144:
140:
42:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2656:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2608:
2607:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2520:Western Apache
2517:
2512:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2503:Akimel O'odham
2500:
2498:Tohono Oʼodham
2490:
2489:
2488:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2387:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2334:
2333:External links
2331:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2310:
2297:
2288:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2245:
2230:
2216:
2201:
2187:
2172:
2157:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2106:
2092:
2086:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2048:
2024:
2015:
1990:
1981:
1961:
1952:
1934:
1909:
1900:
1898:Salzmann, p.59
1891:
1866:
1857:
1834:
1822:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1734:
1731:on 2019-05-04.
1724:978-1622336524
1723:
1703:
1688:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1625:
1616:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1496:
1479:
1455:
1446:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1376:Clinton Pattea
1373:
1367:
1361:
1348:
1342:
1326:
1323:
1301:
1298:
1250:
1247:
1225:
1222:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1153:Akimel O'odham
1149:Tohono O'odham
1124:, a branch of
1039:
1036:
931:
928:
882:
879:
859:Wa'm bu nya:va
846:
843:
842:
841:
833:
814:Montezuma Well
783:
782:
733:
731:
724:
718:
715:
669:saguaro fruits
637:
634:
632:
629:
620:
617:
570:Indian Removal
566:Western Apache
472:
469:
422:Akimel O'odham
418:Western Apache
407:
404:
383:
380:
376:Colorado River
361:Montezuma Well
344:
341:
336:
333:
322:Yuman language
310:Main article:
299:
296:
276:
273:
272:
271:
268:
265:
262:
254:to the south.
244:Colorado River
228:
227:
221:
216:
131:
130:
128:Western Apache
112:
111:
107:
106:
96:
95:
91:
90:
76:
75:
71:
70:
59:
58:
54:
53:
49:
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40:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2655:
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2411:
2407:
2403:
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2362:
2355:
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2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2285:0-8032-9550-2
2282:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2257:0-8133-2279-0
2254:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2242:0-935810-77-3
2239:
2235:
2231:
2219:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2202:
2200:
2199:0-226-21793-0
2196:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2184:0-8240-1969-5
2181:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2169:0-7591-0872-2
2166:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:0-395-66921-9
2151:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2118:0-442-21590-8
2115:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2062:
2061:0-9636649-1-3
2058:
2052:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2019:
2005:on 2007-06-23
2004:
2000:
1994:
1985:
1971:
1965:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1907:Braatz, p.221
1904:
1895:
1881:on 2012-11-15
1880:
1876:
1870:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1831:
1826:
1812:on 2012-04-19
1811:
1807:
1801:
1795:Braatz, p. 36
1792:
1786:Braatz, p. 42
1783:
1777:Fish's, p. 21
1774:
1765:
1759:Braatz, p. 29
1756:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1692:
1678:on 2019-04-17
1677:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1623:Braatz, p. 74
1620:
1614:Braatz, p. 77
1611:
1605:Braatz, p. 76
1602:
1596:Braatz, p. 71
1593:
1584:
1578:Hoxie, p. 456
1575:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1503:Utley, p. 255
1500:
1492:
1491:
1483:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1450:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1410:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1339:Viola Jimulla
1337:
1336:
1331:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1244:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1130:Mother tongue
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1105:mixed-tribal
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1011:south of the
1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
987:
982:
980:
976:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
944:
936:
930:Yavapai bands
927:
925:
921:
917:
911:
908:
904:
900:
895:
887:
878:
876:
872:
871:Uwađ a'mađva,
868:
864:
860:
853:Yavapai homes
851:
838:
837:Mojave people
834:
831:
826:
825:
824:
822:
821:Mojave people
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2229:</ref>
2221:. Retrieved
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2077:
2051:
2040:. Retrieved
2036:
2027:
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2007:. Retrieved
2003:the original
1993:
1988:Hoxie, p.457
1984:
1973:. Retrieved
1964:
1959:Coffer, p.51
1955:
1937:
1926:. Retrieved
1922:the original
1912:
1903:
1894:
1883:. Retrieved
1879:the original
1869:
1860:
1845:
1832:, p. 35
1825:
1814:. Retrieved
1810:the original
1800:
1791:
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1729:the original
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1691:
1680:. Retrieved
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1126:Upland Yuman
1114:
1087:Sierra Ancha
1076:
1068:Fossil Creek
1058:, along the
1047:
1043:
1041:
1021:
1004:
1002:
994:Fossil Creek
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907:prickly pear
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830:medicine man
818:
786:
771:
762:
747:Please help
735:
699:
694:Scrophularia
692:
666:
650:reservations
647:
625:Verde Valley
622:
619:20th century
608:Tonto Apache
604:George Crook
601:
597:Fort Whipple
577:Walker Party
574:
562:Yavapai Wars
559:
551:Olive Oatman
547:
531:
520:
516:
512:John Glanton
505:
482:
471:19th century
462:
454:Christianity
450:
446:oral history
442:Upland Yuman
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409:
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385:
382:16th century
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315:
293:
288:
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278:
256:
229:
204:
196:Yuman branch
136:
134:
104:Christianity
52:1,550 (1992)
26:Ethnic group
2565:Basketmaker
2431:Halchidhoma
2123:Fenn, Al, "
1830:Braatz 2003
1512:Jones, p.79
1382:Y. B. Rowdy
1364:Ohatchecama
1318:Salt rivers
1276:Guwevkabaya
1198:Verde River
1134:matrilineal
1052:Verde River
1048:Guwevkabaya
948:Kewevkepaya
802:Black Hills
681:hackberries
542:Sitgreaves'
501:Ewing Young
289:Enyaéva Pai
2617:Categories
2421:Chiricahua
2416:Chemehuevi
2104:0910037388
2042:2008-01-01
2009:2008-01-01
1975:2008-01-01
1928:2008-01-01
1885:2012-05-18
1816:2013-06-20
1682:2019-05-05
1438:Pritzker,
1406:References
1202:Camp Verde
992:and along
956:Salt River
790:Four Peaks
707:jackrabbit
589:Hassayampa
581:Lynx Creek
497:Kit Carson
438:Pai people
335:Population
252:Salt River
248:Gila River
2601:See also:
2557:dwellings
2486:Hopi-Tewa
2436:Havasupai
2223:20 August
1196:, on the
1103:bilingual
1028:Havasupai
975:Tolkepaya
765:July 2024
736:does not
279:The name
186:tribe in
116:Havasupai
74:Languages
2575:Mogollon
2451:Maricopa
2446:Hualapai
2316:Archived
2303:Archived
1945:Archived
1666:Ojibwa.
1638:, p. 78.
1632:Braatz,
1563:Braatz,
1536:, p. 27.
1530:Braatz,
1477:, p. 27.
1471:Braatz,
1444:, p. 103
1389:See also
1161:Hualapai
1151:and the
1044:Wi:pukba
1032:Hualapai
1030:and the
986:Wipukepa
954:and the
903:Ananyiké
867:ocotillo
555:Mary Ann
433:fruits.
426:Maricopa
400:cruzados
372:Hakataya
298:Language
250:and the
190:. Their
182:) are a
120:Hualapai
94:Religion
2623:Yavapai
2590:Sinagua
2580:Patayan
2570:Hohokam
2530:Yavapai
2493:Oʼodham
2476:Quechan
2426:Cocopah
2402:Arizona
2070:Sources
1569:, p. 45
1355:Wassaja
1306:Phoenix
1284:A'ba:ja
1177:tattoos
1024:Quechan
1015:to the
958:to the
924:bakwauu
920:bamulva
916:mastava
875:pueblos
757:removed
742:sources
711:woodrat
701:Lupinus
685:Quamash
636:Cuisine
631:Culture
458:Spanish
431:saguaro
368:Patayan
343:History
281:Yavapai
188:Arizona
137:Yavapai
88:English
80:Yavapai
67:Arizona
30:Yavapai
2585:Salado
2461:Navajo
2456:Mohave
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1721:
1370:Pakota
1289:Apache
1141:Navajo
1005:Yavapé
901:, was
717:Dances
491:, and
124:Mohave
2525:Yaqui
1314:Verde
1243:Viola
1200:near
1117:'
1107:bands
1093:with
897:Near
662:agave
287:term
179:-ə-py
2535:Zuni
2481:Tewa
2471:Pima
2441:Hopi
2281:ISBN
2253:ISBN
2238:ISBN
2225:2024
2212:ISBN
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2180:ISBN
2165:ISBN
2150:ISBN
2114:ISBN
2100:ISBN
2082:ISBN
2057:ISBN
1850:ISBN
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1316:and
1264:The
1260:sign
1236:The
1089:and
1066:and
1042:The
1003:The
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863:uwas
812:and
740:any
738:cite
698:and
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560:The
553:and
499:and
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424:and
388:Hopi
275:Name
238:and
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