519:
received news that Wang was doing this, he planned to ambush Wang. However, Duan revealed the plot to Wang, and Wang started a coup himself first, killing Lu and surrounding the palace. Huangfu fled to Chang'an (controlled by the Tang). At Wang's insistence, Yang Tong surrendered Yuan, who remarked to Yang Tong, "If I die in the morning, Your
Imperial Majesty will die in the evening." Yang Tong wept, but still sent Yuan to Wang, who executed Yuan. Wang then met Yang Tong and pledged his loyalty, swearing that all he intended was to save himself and save the empire. Yang Tong took Wang inside the palace to meet Empress Dowager Liu, and Wang swore before her as well. Nevertheless, from this point, all power was in Wang's hands, and Yang Tong himself was powerless.
628:) to force Yang Tong to drink poison. Yang Tong made one last plea, pointing out that Wang Shichong had previously promised to keep him alive. Liang considered requesting confirmation from Wang Shichong, but Wang Shiyun refused. Yang Tong set sacrifices to Buddha and prayed, "May it be that I will no longer again be reborn into an imperial household." He drank poison, but initially did not die. Wang Shiyun ordered that he be strangled. Wang Shichong posthumously honored Yang Tong as "Emperor Gong", the same posthumous name that Tang later gave Yang Tong's brother Yang You, but as Sui's official history, the
515:), decided to try to make peace with Li Mi by bestowing official Sui honors—including creating him the Duke of Wei, a title that Li Mi himself had claimed. Li Mi, who was apprehensive of Yuwen's advances himself, accepted. For the next month, Li Mi and Yuwen battled, and each time Li Mi was victorious over Yuwen, he would report to Yang Tong. The officials at Luoyang were pleased, except for Wang, who remarked that Yuan and Lu were awarding honors on a bandit, drawing suspicions from Yuan and Lu that Wang was intending to surrender the city to Yuwen. The "seven nobles" thereafter became to suspect each other.
483:
577:) enter the palace to try to persuade Yang Tong to yield the throne, but Yang Tong refused. Wang then sent a messenger to Yang Tong, promising that although he was taking the throne, he would return the throne to Yang Tong once Yang Tong grew older. He thereafter issued an edict in Yang Tong's name, yielding the throne to himself, ending Sui. Wang took the throne as the emperor of a new state of Zheng.
567:
Yang Tong knew that Wang was intent on usurping the throne, but could not think of anything to do other than to try to receive divine favor by donating palace silk to the poor—an action that Wang soon put a stop to by surrounding the palace. By spring 619, Wang had Yang Tong make him the Prince of Zheng and bestow on him the
285:, would have been considered Yang Zhao's heir and successor, as Yang You was born of Yang Zhao's wife Crown Princess Wei. However, Emperor Yang did not create any son of Yang Zhao crown prince to replace Yang Zhao, but left the matters of succession ambiguous between them and Yang Zhao's younger brother
566:
Meanwhile, Wang was becoming arrogant in his relations with Yang Tong and
Empress Dowager Wang. Once, after attending a feast in the palace, he became afflicted with food poisoning, and he became convinced that there was poison in his food, and from that point on refused to see Yang Tong any more.
522:
Upon hearing of Yuan and Lu's deaths, Li Mi broke off the peaceful relations with Yang Tong's regime, now under Wang's control. However, he had a low opinion of Wang, so he did not take much precaution against an attack from Wang. In fall 618, Wang made an all-out attack against Li Mi, dealing Li
454:
to lead an army to
Luoyang, ostensibly to aid it, but Yang Tong and his officials chose to have no communications at all with Li Jiancheng and Li Shimin. After Li Jiancheng and Li Shimin briefly engaged Li Mi, they considered the idea of attacking Luoyang but did not do so, and instead withdrew to
518:
Wang began to incite his troops by telling them that they would soon fall into Li Mi's trap, and that if Li Mi received the command over them (as Li Mi was nominally bestowed the office of supreme commander of the armed forces), he would surely slaughter them for having resisted him. When Yuan
419:'s assessments that the situation was not as severe as Yuan Shanda was claiming, initially refused to send aid. Pei soon surrendered to Li Mi, making Luoyang's position even more precarious. Emperor Yang finally did order the generals Pang Yu (
241:
in 618, the Sui officials in
Luoyang declared Yang Tong emperor. However, soon one of those officials, Wang Shichong, seized power, and in 619 had Yang Tong yield the throne to him, ending the Sui dynasty. Soon, he was killed on Wang's orders.
466:
the Prince of Qin emperor, and began to lead the
Xiaoguo Army on a trek back north. Soon, news of Emperor Yang's death arrived at Chang'an and Luoyang. Li Yuan, in response, had Yang You yield the throne to him, establishing
494:. The government was led by a collective leadership of seven officials—Duan Da (whom Yang Tong created the Duke of Chen), Wang Shichong (Duke of Zheng), Yuan Wendu (Duke of Lu), Huangfu Wuyi (Duke of Qi), Lu Chu, Guo Wenyi (
431:) to lead the troops from the Chang'an region to aid Luoyang, and Pang and Huo were able to force Li Mi away from Huiluo, allowing Luoyang to regain some of its food supply, although by fall 617 Li Mi had recaptured Huiluo.
438:(from Jiangdu) and several generals in other outlying areas to lead their troops to aid Luoyang. Wang was able to stem Li Mi's advances, and the armies stalemated. Meanwhile, the general
616:) the Prince of Qi persuaded Wang Shichong that in order to avoid a repeat of the plot, he needed to put Yang Tong to death. Wang Shichong agreed, and he sent his nephew Wang Renze (
1132:
333:
In 616, with most of Sui territory, particularly the northern commanderies, engulfed in agrarian rebellions, Emperor Yang went from
Luoyang to Jiangdu (江都, in modern
479:
When describing Yang Tong's brief reign, the official histories indicated that Yang Tong had a handsome face, and was meek, loving, and solemn in his personality.
409:) against Li Mi and Zhai, but Liu and Pei were defeated. In summer 617, with his forces repeatedly defeated by Li Mi's, Yang Tong sent the official Yuan Shanda (
509:
Meanwhile, the officials at
Luoyang, fearful that Yuwen Huaji was approaching Luoyang, contemplated their options. Yuan and Lu, under suggestion from Gai Cong (
721:
did not record an exact date for Yang's death, but placed it in the 5th month of that year, which corresponds to 17 Jun to 16 Jul 619 in the Julian calendar.
471:
as its
Emperor Gaozu. The officials at Luoyang declared Yang Tong emperor, and those commanderies still loyal to Sui recognized him as emperor as well.
634:
was written during Tang, Yang You was recognized as
Emperor Gong, while Yang Tong's status as a Sui emperor became ambiguous in traditional histories.
1096:
1539:
1263:
1163:
1406:
1128:
1691:
1676:
563:), all nominally submitted to Yang Tong, and at least in appearance, it appeared that Sui power was becoming restored under Yang Tong.
531:, but ultimately decided to head west to Chang'an, to surrender to Tang. Most of Li Mi's former territory (modern central and eastern
1696:
289:
the Prince of Qi. He did, however, create Yang Tong and his brothers imperial princes, and Yang Tong was created the Prince of Yue.
446:
and soon captured Chang'an, declaring Yang Tong's brother Yang You emperor (as
Emperor Gong). In spring 618, Li Yuan sent his sons
607:) plotted to kill Wang and restore Yang Tong. The news leaked, and the conspirators were slaughtered, along with their families.
250:
It was not recorded when Yang Tong was born, except that his elder brother Yang Tan (楊倓) was born in 603 and his younger brother
486:
Map showing major uprisings and rebellions in the last years of Sui dynasty. Yang Tong's reign was based on the city of Luoyang.
975:
1681:
1671:
1112:
320:
under Yang You's command, came to Luoyang's aid, and Emperor Yang also abandoned the Goguryeo campaign and sent the generals
1711:
1084:
1080:
1072:
397:), near Luoyang, causing Luoyang to be down on food supplies. In spring 617, Yang Tong sent the generals Liu Changgong (
1666:
1424:
805:
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697:
664:
1701:
1156:
271:
158:
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229:. During the disturbances that permeated throughout the Sui state late in the dynasty's history, his grandfather
1661:
187:
1646:
1108:
757:
1149:
1172:
490:
Yang Tong posthumously honored his father Yang Zhao as an emperor, and honored his mother Consort Liu as
1686:
1194:
968:
310:
rebelled near Luoyang, and Fan defended Luoyang under Yang Tong's command. The general Wei Wensheng (
1439:
1060:
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1052:
451:
306:) actually responsible. Subsequently, while Emperor Yang was in Goguryeo territory, the general
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1100:
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571:– the ultimate steps before taking the throne. In summer 619, Wang had Duan and Yun Dingxing (
463:
286:
415:) to Jiangdu to seek aid from Emperor Yang, but Emperor Yang, believing in the prime minister
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1228:
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soon took advantage of Emperor Yang's departure (along with the elite Xiaoguo Army (
194:; 600s – June or July 619), known in traditional histories by his princely title of
1615:
1301:
938:
896:
871:
847:
585:
Wang Shichong made Yang Tong the Duke of Lu. A month later, Pei Renji and his son
568:
524:
222:
199:
296:, he left the eight-year-old Yang Tong nominally in charge of the eastern capital
1625:
1610:
769:
750:
491:
330:) back to the Luoyang region; these Sui generals together defeated Yang Xuangan.
207:
171:
103:
292:
In spring 613, when Emperor Yang launched his second of three campaigns against
776:
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176:
90:
1141:
953:
1640:
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1524:
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435:
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In late spring 618, Emperor Yang was killed in a coup led by the general
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33:
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675:
day of that month, corresponding to 19 June 618 in the Julian calendar.
556:
95:
708:
day of that month, corresponding to 25 May 619 in the Julian calendar.
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535:) surrendered to Wang, and around the same time, the rebel generals
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a posthumous name shared with his younger brother Yang You.
601:), Yuwen Wen (宇文溫, Yuwen Rutong's brother), and Cui Deben (
281:
principles of succession, Yang Tong's younger brother
254:
was born in 605. He was the second of three sons of
622:) the Prince of Tang and his servant Liang Bainian (
237:, and after Emperor Yang was killed by the general
1638:
527:. Li briefly considered fleeing to his general
385:), to capture the food storages Luokou Storage (
1171:
983:
700:. However, Emperor Gaozu's biographies in both
245:
1157:
969:
623:
617:
611:
602:
596:
590:
572:
510:
506:). They became known as the "seven nobles."
501:
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420:
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404:
398:
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386:
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354:
348:
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539:(who controlled modern central and southern
555:(whose army roamed in southern Henan), and
434:In fall 617, Emperor Yang sent the general
1164:
1150:
976:
962:
595:), as well as the officials Yuwen Rutong (
233:left him in charge of the eastern capital
667:. However, Emperor Gaozu's biography in
481:
678:
637:
1639:
277:In 606, Yang Zhao died. According to
1145:
957:
610:Wang Shichong's brother Wang Shiyun (
462:, who declared Emperor Yang's nephew
316:), leading the army from the capital
18:Emperor of the Sui dynasty (Eastern)
13:
14:
1723:
1692:Forced suicides of Chinese people
1677:Political office-holders in Henan
1697:People executed by strangulation
110:Emperor Gōng (恭皇帝; conferred by
300:, with the official Fan Zigai (
724:
711:
687:
652:
649:(五月，...戊辰，留守官奉越王即皇帝位，大赦，改元皇泰。)
643:
580:
502:
399:
266:. His mother was Yang Zhao's
191:
149:Yang Zhao, Crown Prince Yuande
1:
1097:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
758:History of Northern Dynasties
1682:Executed people from Shaanxi
1672:7th-century Chinese monarchs
523:Mi a crushing defeat at the
7:
1712:Transition from Sui to Tang
1173:Transition from Sui to Tang
246:During Emperor Yang's reign
10:
1728:
165:
34:Emperor of the Sui dynasty
1667:Chinese Buddhist monarchs
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671:recorded the date as the
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206:(皇泰主), also known by his
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85:
80:
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68:
60:
56:
48:
40:
32:
23:
1702:People executed by China
840:None (dynasty destroyed)
704:recorded the day as the
474:
52:None (dynasty destroyed)
44:22 June 618 – 23 May 619
559:(who controlled modern
547:(who controlled modern
1707:7th-century executions
830:Emperor of Sui Dynasty
500:), and Zhao Changwen (
487:
391:) and Huiluo Storage (
1662:Sui dynasty Buddhists
863:Emperor Gaozu of Tang
768:19 April 2008 at the
749:19 April 2008 at the
485:
371:). The rebel leaders
1647:Sui dynasty emperors
638:Notes and references
823:Emperor Yang of Sui
212:Emperor Gong of Sui
64:Between 603 and 605
24:Emperor Gong of Sui
922:(Emperor of Zheng)
684:(癸卯，世充称皇泰主命，禅位于郑。)
488:
1687:Executed monarchs
1634:
1633:
1254:Princess Pingyang
1139:
1138:
952:
951:
917:Succeeded by
884:Succeeded by
860:Succeeded by
838:Succeeded by
425:) and Huo Shiju (
403:) and Pei Renji (
359:), Huangfu Wuyi (
164:
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118:
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1159:
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1015:
984:Emperors of the
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971:
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939:Emperor of China
928:Preceded by
897:Emperor of China
872:Emperor of China
848:Emperor of China
820:Preceded by
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715:
709:
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669:New Book of Tang
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569:nine bestowments
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442:had rebelled at
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98:: Tong (侗, Tóng)
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770:Wayback Machine
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583:
492:empress dowager
477:
365:), and Lu Chu (
347:), Yuan Wendu (
324:and Lai Hu'er (
248:
208:posthumous name
198:(越王) or by his
181:
104:Posthumous name
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815:Regnal titles
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777:Zizhi Tongjian
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719:Zizhi Tongjian
717:Volume 187 of
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1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
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991:
987:
979:
974:
972:
967:
965:
960:
959:
956:
946:
944:
940:
933:(Duke of Wei)
932:
926:
921:
920:Wang Shichong
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
893:
888:
879:
877:
873:
868:
864:
855:
853:
849:
844:
833:
831:
824:
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813:
807:
803:
799:
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787:
783:
779:
778:
774:
771:
767:
764:
760:
759:
755:
752:
748:
745:
741:
740:
736:
735:
727:
720:
714:
707:
703:
702:Books of Tang
699:
695:
690:
681:
674:
670:
666:
662:
661:
655:
646:
642:
635:
633:
632:
608:
588:
578:
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564:
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558:
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546:
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538:
534:
530:
526:
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516:
507:
493:
484:
480:
472:
470:
465:
461:
456:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:Wang Shichong
432:
418:
378:
374:
340:
336:
331:
323:
319:
309:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
243:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
221:(仁謹), was an
220:
217:
216:courtesy name
213:
209:
205:
204:Lord Huangtai
201:
197:
196:Prince of Yue
189:
185:
179:
178:
173:
169:
160:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
140:
137:
135:
131:
127:
125:
121:
113:
112:Wang Shichong
108:
105:
101:
97:
92:
88:
84:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
22:
16:
1621:Qianshuiyuan
1540:Wei Wensheng
1460:Cheng Yaojin
1377:Yang Xuangan
1239:Li Jiancheng
1204:
1195:Empress Xiao
1190:Emperor Yang
1085:N. Dynasties
1081:S. Dynasties
1032:
1005:Emperor Yang
937:
895:
870:
846:
828:
775:
756:
737:
726:
718:
713:
705:
701:
693:
689:
680:
672:
668:
658:
654:
645:
629:
609:
584:
565:
521:
517:
508:
489:
478:
469:Tang dynasty
457:
448:Li Jiancheng
433:
353:), Wei Jin (
332:
308:Yang Xuangan
291:
276:
264:crown prince
260:Emperor Yang
249:
231:Emperor Yang
218:
211:
203:
195:
183:
182:
175:
168:Chinese name
15:
1652:600s births
1580:Yin Kaishan
1570:Pei Xingyan
1560:Wang Bodang
1550:Zhang Xutuo
1530:Gao Shilian
1500:Yuwen Shiji
1490:Liu Wenjing
1440:Yang Yichen
1435:Li Xiaogong
1425:Empress Cao
1418:key figures
1392:Wagang Army
1357:Yuwen Huaji
1342:Xu Yuanlang
1332:Shen Faxing
1317:Lin Shihong
1312:Liang Shidu
1278:Independent
1264:Li Shentong
1259:Li Xiaogong
1077:16 Kingdoms
1000:Emperor Wen
986:Sui dynasty
739:Book of Sui
631:Book of Sui
587:Pei Xingyan
581:After reign
545:Shen Faxing
460:Yuwen Huaji
272:Consort Liu
262:'s son and
239:Yuwen Huaji
227:Sui dynasty
225:of China's
172:family name
159:Consort Liu
87:Family name
1657:619 deaths
1641:Categories
1590:Luo Shixin
1585:Chen Shuda
1575:Liu Hongji
1505:Chen Shuda
1455:Yuchi Gong
1450:Qin Shubao
1407:Lu Mingyue
1372:Fu Gongshi
1352:Xue Rengao
1327:Liu Wuzhou
1297:Gao Kaidao
1292:Fu Gongshi
1287:Dou Jiande
1280:contenders
1269:Li Daozong
1069:3 Kingdoms
907:/Northern
903:/Northern
850:(Southern
832:(Eastern)
557:Dou Jiande
455:Chang'an.
96:Given name
1595:Yu Shinan
1555:Qutu Tong
1545:Lai Hu'er
1535:Tang Jian
1515:Hou Junji
1510:Feng Deyi
1485:Wei Zheng
1470:Chai Shao
1445:Yuwen Shu
1402:Zhai Rang
1387:Xiao Xian
1322:Liu Heita
1307:Li Zitong
1249:Li Yuanji
1244:Li Xuanba
1234:Li Shimin
1205:Yang Tong
1033:Yang Tong
1021:Claimants
941:(Eastern
899:(Western
887:Li Zitong
874:(Central
452:Li Shimin
377:Zhai Rang
322:Yuwen Shu
287:Yang Jian
279:Confucian
268:concubine
256:Yang Zhao
184:Yang Tong
93:(楊, Yáng)
49:Successor
36:(Eastern)
1480:Du Ruhui
1465:Xu Shiji
1367:Du Fuwei
1210:Yang Hao
1200:Yang You
1038:Yang Hao
1028:Yang You
993:Emperors
948:618–619
914:618–619
881:618–619
857:618–619
835:618–619
780:, vols.
766:Archived
747:Archived
698:vol. 187
665:vol. 185
549:Zhejiang
537:Du Fuwei
529:Xu Shiji
464:Yang Hao
417:Yu Shiji
335:Yangzhou
318:Chang'an
294:Goguryeo
283:Yang You
252:Yang You
200:era name
166:In this
1604:Battles
1520:Xiao Yu
1430:Li Jing
1362:Zhu Can
1222:royalty
1183:royalty
905:Jiangsu
876:Jiangsu
763:vol. 71
744:vol. 59
673:geng'wu
553:Zhu Can
444:Taiyuan
440:Li Yuan
339:Jiangsu
298:Luoyang
235:Luoyang
223:emperor
214:(隋恭帝),
210:as the
188:Chinese
134:Dynasty
1616:Yanshi
1495:Pei Ji
1382:Luo Yi
1347:Xue Ju
1302:Li Gui
1109:W. Xia
219:Renjin
190::
170:, the
155:Mother
145:Father
1626:Hulao
1611:Huoyi
1416:Other
1397:Li Mi
1053:Shang
943:Henan
931:Li Mi
909:Anhui
901:Henan
852:Anhui
706:yi'si
561:Hebei
541:Anhui
533:Henan
475:Reign
373:Li Mi
124:House
81:Names
41:Reign
1220:Tang
1125:Qing
1121:Ming
1117:Yuan
1105:Song
1101:Liao
1093:Tang
1057:Zhou
598:宇文儒童
450:and
375:and
362:皇甫無逸
177:Yang
128:Yang
91:Yang
69:Died
61:Born
1181:Sui
1133:PRC
1129:ROC
1113:Jīn
1089:Sui
1073:Jìn
1065:Han
1061:Qin
1049:Xia
806:187
802:186
798:185
794:184
790:183
786:182
782:180
625:梁百年
619:王仁則
613:王世惲
604:崔德本
592:裴行儼
574:雲定興
551:),
543:),
503:趙長文
497:郭文懿
428:霍世舉
412:元善達
406:裴仁基
400:劉長恭
394:回洛倉
388:洛口倉
382:驍果)
350:元文都
327:來護兒
313:衛文昇
303:樊子蓋
202:as
174:is
139:Sui
27:隋恭帝
1643::
1131:/
1127:→
1123:→
1119:→
1115:→
1111:/
1107:/
1103:/
1099:→
1095:→
1091:→
1087:→
1083:/
1079:→
1075:/
1071:→
1067:→
1063:→
1059:→
1055:→
1051:→
945:)
911:)
878:)
854:)
804:,
800:,
796:,
792:,
788:,
784:,
761:,
742:,
696:,
663:,
512:蓋琮
422:龐玉
368:盧楚
356:韋津
344:段達
337:,
274:.
270:,
258:,
192:楊侗
89::
1165:e
1158:t
1151:v
1014:隋
977:e
970:t
963:v
808:.
772:.
753:.
589:(
186:(
180:.
114:)
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