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52:
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similarities to old
Babylonian-era palaces. They were adorned with grand central courtyards, throne rooms, tiled floors, drainage systems and plastered walls, which suggest the employment of specialized labor. Evidence exists for the presence of Minoan Aegean fresco artists who painted elaborate scenes on the walls of the palaces in Alalakh.
1055:, which cannot be interpreted as an emulation of Egyptian rituals but rather as merely a substitute for the cup held by the deity elsewhere. Yamhad had a special pattern of trim called the Yamhad style, which was favored in Mari during the reign of king Zimri-Lim, whose queen Shibtu was the daughter of Yarim-Lim I.
636:. The alliance ended after the Babylonian king sacked Mari and destroyed it. Babylon did not attack Yamhad, however, and the relations between the two kingdoms remained peaceful in later years; the power vacuum caused by Mari's fall opened the way for Hammurabi to extend Yamhad's hegemony over the upper
2807:
Ugarit in
Retrospect. Fifty years of Ugarit and Ugaritic: Proceedings of the symposium of the same title held at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, February 26, 1979, under the auspices of the Middle West Branch of the American Oriental Society and the Mid-West Region of the Society of Biblical
1047:
Since the capital Halab has not been excavated, the architecture of the kingdom is archaeologically best represented by the city of
Alalakh, which was subordinate to Halab and ruled by a king belonging to the Yamhadite royal house. The Amorites in general built large palaces that bear architectural
713:
northeast of Halab, and won in spite of military support from Halab and
Carchemish for the Hurrians. The Hittite king then defeated Yamhad in the battle of Mount Atalur, and sacked Hassum along with several other Hurrian cities in the sixth year of his Syrian wars. After many campaigns, Hattusili I
508:
of
Assyria proved more dangerous to Yamhad than Mari. The Amorite king of Assyria was an ambitious conqueror with the aim to rule Mesopotamia and the Levant, and styled himself as "king of the world". Shamshi-Adad surrounded Yamhad by way of alliances with Charchemish, Hassum and Urshu to the north
1171:
The title "Beloved of Hadad" was one of the king's titles. Hadad was the kingdom's patron god, and all treaties were concluded in his name, which was also used to threaten other kingdoms, and to declare wars. As the
Hurrian presence grew, so did Hurrian religious influences and some of the Hurrian
1118:
The markets of Yamhad became a source of copper, which was imported from the mountains (probably
Anatolian) and Cyprus. However, the Babylonian invasion of Mari had a negative impact on the trade between the two kingdoms, as the road became dangerous because of the loss of Mari's protection to the
1066:
began to settle in the city and its surroundings, and by c. 1725 BC they constituted a sizable portion of the population. The presence of a large
Hurrian population brought Hurrian culture and religion to Halab, as evidenced by the existence of certain religious festivals that bear Hurrian names.
757:
then conquered
Alalakh c. 1517 BC. Seven years following his conquest of Alalakh, Idrimi made peace with Mitanni and was acknowledged as a vassal, and allowed to control Halab, though he had to relocate the dynasty's residence to Alalakh and relinquish the title of "King of Halab"; the use of the
1043:
influences, Yamhad belonged mainly to middle Bronze Age Syrian culture. This culture influenced the architecture and the functions of the temples, which were mainly cultic, while political authority was invested in the royal palace, in contrast to the important political role of the temples in
352:. By the middle of the 18th century BC, most of Syria minus the south came under the authority of Yamhad, either as a direct possession or through vassalage, and for nearly a century and a half, Yamhad dominated northern, northwestern and eastern Syria, and had influence over small kingdoms in
1168:. The kingdom was known as the "land of Hadad", who was famous as the Storm-God of Halab beginning in the middle of the 3rd millennium BC. His main temple was located on the citadel hill in the center of the city and remained in use from the 24th century BC, until at least the 9th century BC.
548:
and installing Zimri-Lim as governor of the city. The death of the
Assyrian king came a year later. Yarim-Lim then sent his army with Zimri-Lim, to restore his ancestors throne as an ally-vassal to Yamhad, cementing the relationship through a dynastic marriage between the new Mariote king and
714:
finally attacked Halab during the reign of Hammurabi III. The attack ended in a defeat, the wounding of the Hittite king and his later death c. 1620 BC. Hattusili's campaigns considerably weakened Yamhad, causing it to decline in status: the monarch ceased to be styled a Great King.
680:
in the mid-17th century BC, the power of Yamhad declined due to internal dissent. Yarim-Lim III ruled a weakened kingdom, and although he imposed Yamhadite hegemony over Qatna, the weakening was obvious as Alalakh had become all but independent under the self-declared king
617:, the tablet mentions the stationing of 500 Yamhadite warships for twelve years in Diniktum, and the Yamhadite military support of Der for 15 years. Yarim-Lim's accomplishments elevated Yamhad into the status of a Great Kingdom and the Yamhadite king title became the
1123:
to build many strongholds up the river valley, and to establish colonies of mercenaries known as the "Kassite Houses" to protect the middle Euphrates area. Those colonies later evolved into semi-independent polities that waged a war against the Babylonian king
407:
Little of Halab has been excavated by archaeologists, as Halab was never abandoned during its long history and the modern city is situated above the ancient site. Therefore, most of the knowledge about Yamhad comes from tablets discovered at
1115:. Emar attracted many Babylonian merchants, who lived in the city and had a lasting impact on the local scribal conventions. As late as the 14th century BC, texts of the so-called Syrian type from Emar preserve distinct Babylonian traits.
424:
The name Yamhad was likely an Amorite tribal name and is used synonymously with Halab when referring to the kingdom. The city of Halab was a religious center in northern Syria, and was mentioned by the name Ha-lam, as a vassal of the
608:
remained independent but came to peace with Yamhad following the death of its ally, the late Shamshi-Adad I. A sample of Yarim-Lim policy of diplomacy and war can be read in a tablet discovered at Mari, that was sent to the king of
1106:
The actions of Yarim-Lim I and his alliance with Babylon proved vital for the kingdom's economy, for they secured the trade between Mesopotamia and northern Syria, with the king of Mari protecting the caravans crossing from the
704:
through alliances with the Hurrian principalities. Hattusili chose not to attack Halab directly and began with conquering Yamhad's vassals and allies, starting with Alalakh in the second year of his Syrian campaigns c. 1650 BC
10150:
1183:
Beside the general gods, the kings had a "head god", that is, a deity who had an intimate connection for the worshiper. King Yarim-Lim I described Hadad as the god of the state, but the Mesopotamian deity
733:, and his empire disintegrated. Halab was rebuilt and the kingdom expanded to include Alalakh again. The reestablished kingdom was ruled by kings of whom nothing but their names is known; the first is
656:, Abba-El's brother. The king responded to the rebellion by destroying Irridu, and compensating his brother by giving him the throne of Alalakh, thus creating a cadet branch of the dynasty.
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Feldman, Marian H. (2007). "Frescoes, Exotica, and the Reinvention of the Northern Levantine Kingdoms during the Second Millennium B.C.E". In Heinz, Marlies; Feldman, Marian H. (eds.).
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Kupper, Jean Robert (1973). "Northern Mesopotamia and Syria". In Edwards, Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen; Gadd, Cyril John; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière; Sollberger, Edmond (eds.).
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Yamhad had a distinctive Syrian iconography, which is clear in the seals of the kings that gave prominence to the Syrian gods. Egyptian influence was minimal and limited to the
528:, the son of the Assyrian king who was installed by his father as king of Mari. Sumu-Epuh was apparently killed during his fight with Shamshi-Adad and was succeeded by his son
3073:
Drower, Margaret S. (1973). "Syria c. 1550–1400 B.C.". In Edwards, Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen; Gadd, Cyril John; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière; Sollberger, Edmond (eds.).
3306:. Untersuchungen Zur Indogermanischen Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft. Neue Folge / Studies in Indo-European Language and Culture. New Series. Vol. 8. Walter de Gruyter.
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5147:
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532:, who consolidated his father's kingdom and turned it into the most powerful kingdom in Syria and northern Mesopotamia. Yarim-Lim surrounded Shamshi-Adad by alliances with
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Schwartz, Glenn M. (2013). "An Amorite Global Village: Syrian-Mesopotamian Relations in the Second Millennium B.C". In Aruz, Joan; Graff, Sarah B.; Rakic, Yelena (eds.).
251:
7236:
336:, who counted on both military and diplomacy to expand their realm. From the beginning of its establishment, the kingdom withstood the aggressions of its neighbors
1733:
1180:, but in Abba-El I's tablet, she is associated with Hadad). Later, the Hurrians started to identify Teshub with Hadad, who became Teshub the Storm-God of Halab.
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population that settled in the kingdom, adding the influence of their culture. Yamhad controlled a wide trading network, being a gateway between the eastern
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the heir of Mari to flee. Sumu-Epuh welcomed Zimri-Lim and aimed to use him against Assyria since he was the legitimate heir of Mari.
12381:
9101:
9097:
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5439:
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Halab's location has always been a factor in its prominence as an economic center. Yamhad's economy was based on trade with the
628:
who had a peaceful reign. He was able to force Charchemish into submission, and sent troops to aid Hammurabi of Babylon against
468:
with Yamhad to oppose Assyria, but eventually campaigned in the north threatening the kingdom. The Yamhadite king supported the
8615:
8369:
8349:
3931:
685:. In spite of this regression, the king of Yamhad remained the strongest king of the Syrian states, as he was referred to as a
8322:
8031:
2978:
441:
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12277:
12247:
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4575:
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deities found a place in the Yamhadite pantheon. King Abba-El I mentioned receiving the support of the Hurrian goddess
51:
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deities, and the capital Halab was considered a holy city among the other Syrian cities as a center of worship for
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737:, who might have been the son of Yarim-Lim III. The last king of the dynasty to rule as king of Halab was
484:, against the Mariote king who defeated his enemies, who was eventually killed by his own son Sumu-Yamam.
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9980:
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348:, and was turned into the most powerful Syrian kingdom of its era through the actions of its king
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as the ruler of the land of Yamhad, which included, in addition to Halab, the cities of
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10651:
10648:
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4015:
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3579:
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3522:
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3465:
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3402:
3383:
3364:
3345:
3326:
3307:
3288:
3269:
3250:
3233:
3223:
3206:
3196:
3177:
3158:
3135:
3116:
3097:
3078:
3065:
3053:
3022:
3003:
2963:
2944:
2925:
2906:
2887:
2868:
2849:
2830:
2829:. Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology and Literature. Vol. 73. Astroms Forlag.
2811:
2793:
2776:
767:
706:
669:
596:
in the north. The Syrian city-states were subdued through alliances or force; Mamma,
321:
112:
9700:
3460:
Owen, David I. (2000). "Hurrians". In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
12196:
12108:
12054:
11985:
11972:
11951:
11916:
11765:
11553:
11522:
11377:
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10960:
10941:
10935:
10891:
10874:
10718:
10709:
10706:
10630:
10627:
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10350:
9937:
9027:
8961:
8949:
8642:
8189:
7479:
7162:
7132:
7106:
6936:
6714:
6677:
6121:
6116:
6049:
5925:
5854:
5839:
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5779:
5687:
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5293:
5288:
4977:
4958:
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4711:
4675:
4445:
4304:
4197:
4177:
4172:
4118:
3990:
3952:
3045:
1032:
433:
contributed to its later prominence; the main temple of the north Syrian storm god
79:
75:
7214:
2982:
12361:
12117:
12103:
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11994:
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5723:
5137:
5012:
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4843:
4838:
4600:
4192:
4157:
4123:
4038:
3483:. Writings from the Ancient World. Vol. 29. Society of Biblical Literature.
1199:
1185:
1165:
1136:
1076:
1059:
664:
592:
Yarim-Lim spent the next years of his reign expanding the kingdom, which reached
384:
12156:
7394:
3708:
Egyptian Iconography on Syro-Palestinian Cylinder Seals of the Middle Bronze Age
440:
The name Halab as well as that of Yamhad appeared for the first time during the
12015:
11559:
11452:
11341:
11294:
11255:
11198:
11100:
11036:
10954:
10913:
10907:
10897:
10885:
10669:
10657:
10645:
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10454:
10408:
10318:
10288:
10252:
10116:
9961:
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9804:
9792:
9704:
9561:
9432:
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9139:
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9034:
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8943:
8907:
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8507:
8504:
8405:
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7578:
7484:
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5794:
5789:
5697:
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5107:
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4187:
4167:
4133:
4108:
1218:
1141:
505:
333:
329:
3683:. Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie. Vol. 27. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
3557:
Brotherhood of Kings: How International Relations Shaped the Ancient Near East
3342:
Following the Man of Yamhad: Settlement and Territory at Old Babylonian Alalah
3304:
Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions. Vol 1 Inscriptions of the Iron Age
3049:
1176:
in one of the Alalakh tablets (Hebat was the spouse of the Hurrian main deity
721:, who conquered Halab c. 1600 BC and destroyed Yamhad as a major power in the
12355:
12310:
12233:
12218:
12090:
12022:
11902:
11547:
11544:
11297:
11291:
11251:
11207:
11115:
11076:
10910:
10849:
10750:
10747:
10675:
10660:
10621:
10618:
10561:
10500:
10382:
10088:
10081:
10058:
9952:
9946:
9910:
9832:
9788:
9745:
9537:
9435:
9429:
9387:
9286:
9089:
9051:
8824:
8710:
8624:
8434:
8385:
8140:
8124:
7817:
7743:
7704:
7678:
7672:
7633:
7574:
7545:
7270:
7003:
6847:
6613:
6472:
6146:
6019:
5915:
5769:
5728:
5677:
5568:
5558:
5364:
5157:
5152:
5061:
4926:
4419:
4414:
4399:
4237:
4214:
4182:
4147:
4083:
4025:
3995:
3811:
3771:
3725:
3698:
3633:
3611:
3444:
3418:
Between Myth & Mandate: Geopolitics, Pseudohistory & the Hebrew Bible
3237:
3210:
3057:
2797:
2780:
1100:
1036:
997:
949:
933:
738:
697:
677:
537:
332:. The kingdom emerged at the end of the 19th century BC and was ruled by the
167:
9172:
6603:
5651:
3864:
3132:
Time at Emar: The Cultic Calendar and the Rituals from the Diviner's Archive
12263:
12060:
11938:
11872:
11790:
11781:
11712:
11638:
11541:
11285:
11186:
11109:
10963:
10919:
10799:
10724:
10684:
10615:
10612:
10606:
10545:
10497:
10485:
10399:
10376:
10369:
10285:
10279:
10249:
10061:
10033:
10015:
10006:
9955:
9748:
9742:
9736:
9641:
9611:
9417:
9329:
9226:
9163:
9111:
8940:
8665:
8600:
8590:
8501:
8452:
8337:
8317:
8313:
8098:
7962:
7822:
7802:
7755:
7714:
7501:
7456:
7305:
7290:
7102:
7094:
6815:
6809:
6683:
6666:
6642:
6573:
6509:
6320:
6288:
6111:
6076:
5900:
5895:
5864:
5809:
5799:
5578:
5573:
5563:
5553:
5548:
4748:
4409:
4220:
3616:
Opening the Tablet Box: Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Benjamin R. Foster
1213:
1108:
917:
869:
676:
The era of Abba-El I's successors is poorly documented, and by the time of
457:
3828:
3439:. Dissertationes ad Historiam Religionum Pertinentes. Vol. 3. Brill.
12075:
12066:
11921:
11875:
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11851:
11845:
11787:
11689:
11647:
11617:
11614:
11556:
11413:
11365:
11276:
11195:
11192:
11175:
11085:
10900:
10843:
10840:
10837:
10812:
10802:
10790:
10639:
10580:
10533:
10509:
10503:
10494:
10488:
10433:
10396:
10379:
10363:
10297:
10282:
10270:
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10229:
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10193:
10055:
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10027:
10021:
9928:
9889:
9886:
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9844:
9751:
9739:
9730:
9679:
9673:
9623:
9620:
9608:
9605:
9541:
9518:
9501:
9487:
9478:
9248:
9177:
9167:
9019:
9004:
8998:
8982:
8979:
8882:
8861:
8771:
8734:
8657:
8498:
8288:
8213:
8208:
8201:
8171:
8157:
8120:
7970:
7879:
7794:
7764:
7750:
7519:
7505:
7450:
7385:
7315:
7285:
6966:
6877:
6867:
6723:
6652:
6583:
6578:
6410:
6101:
6096:
5910:
5890:
5869:
5707:
5172:
4915:
4687:
4670:
4113:
4073:
4005:
4000:
3602:
3452:
1205:
1125:
1120:
1080:
837:
821:
742:
701:
641:
625:
610:
529:
525:
449:
413:
353:
349:
337:
155:
9241:
3155:
From an Antique Land: An Introduction to Ancient Near Eastern Literature
2865:
The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia
558:"There is no king who is mighty by himself. Ten or fifteen kings follow
12084:
12081:
12063:
12040:
12025:
12019:
11899:
11896:
11854:
11842:
11836:
11821:
11692:
11683:
11680:
11674:
11656:
11626:
11434:
11359:
11300:
11166:
11106:
10969:
10863:
10834:
10831:
10828:
10816:
10808:
10796:
10784:
10530:
10506:
10491:
10427:
10389:
10366:
10360:
10264:
10003:
9835:
9733:
9692:
9682:
9676:
9638:
9635:
9632:
9626:
9614:
9602:
9599:
9569:
9515:
9512:
9325:
9304:
9280:
9256:
9085:
8976:
8973:
8964:
8955:
8874:
8765:
8651:
8606:
8594:
8438:
8276:
8272:
8221:
8042:
7950:
7876:
7872:
7616:
7489:
7439:
7433:
7122:
7054:
7035:
6852:
6620:
6528:
6450:
6360:
6315:
6044:
5182:
4048:
4010:
3819:
Wiseman, Donald John (1967). "Alalakh". In Thomas, David Winton (ed.).
3756:. Studies in the History of the Ancient Near East. Vol. 7. Brill.
981:
885:
686:
618:
524:
became Assyria's agent at Yamhad's borders and married his daughter to
497:
481:
461:
376:
181:
123:
10235:
12093:
12036:
11893:
11863:
11857:
11848:
11833:
11827:
11809:
11784:
11662:
11644:
11431:
11428:
11288:
11215:
11201:
11172:
11160:
11082:
11053:
10793:
10787:
10552:
10482:
10439:
10436:
10385:
10168:
10085:
10071:
10068:
10024:
10018:
10000:
9922:
9913:
9883:
9880:
9871:
9853:
9850:
9688:
9685:
9549:
9545:
9521:
9469:
9456:
9426:
9321:
9317:
9195:
9055:
8792:
8787:
8783:
8752:
8669:
8646:
8610:
8495:
8418:
8341:
8333:
8300:
8197:
8181:
8153:
8116:
7985:
7943:
7760:
7639:
7525:
7182:
7112:
7040:
6978:
6971:
6946:
6882:
6862:
6857:
6728:
6699:
6593:
6553:
6415:
6091:
5112:
4394:
4103:
3618:. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East. Vol. 42. Brill.
2903:
The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant: c. 8000-332 BCE
1096:
853:
806:
718:
709:) or slightly later. Hattusili then turned to attack the Hurrians in
682:
645:
587:
A tablet sent to Zimri-Lim of Mari, describing Yarim-Lim I authority.
567:
559:
533:
521:
510:
477:
445:
430:
143:
6771:
6747:
12043:
11869:
11830:
11824:
11701:
11282:
11279:
11224:
11221:
11163:
11094:
11044:
11007:
10860:
10402:
10261:
10243:
10226:
10164:
10091:
10065:
10012:
9994:
9904:
9779:
9670:
9661:
9649:
9617:
9581:
9557:
9507:
9475:
9451:
9423:
9393:
9381:
9374:
9360:
9354:
9289:
9199:
9181:
9093:
9071:
9067:
8952:
8878:
8707:
8661:
8638:
8633:
8564:
8559:
8528:
8345:
8269:
8265:
8258:
8136:
8057:
7902:
7734:
7724:
7719:
7710:
7646:
7629:
7400:
7347:
7069:
7029:
6841:
6827:
6671:
6631:
6625:
6379:
6373:
6325:
6086:
6034:
5692:
5071:
4043:
4033:
3735:
A Comparative Study of Thirty City-state Cultures: An Investigation
1112:
1088:
1063:
965:
901:
734:
729:
and sacked it, but was assassinated upon his return to his capital
693:
614:
575:
541:
361:
85:
12272:. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 532–534 (Chronological Tables).
11261:
1019:
781:
12096:
11924:
11905:
11890:
11884:
11878:
11212:
11157:
11050:
11047:
10995:
10846:
10588:
10527:
10448:
10442:
10183:
10177:
9949:
9919:
9774:
9664:
9629:
9420:
9363:
9264:
9233:
8937:
8486:
8429:
8358:
8253:
8245:
8110:
8045:
7852:
7849:
7834:
7830:
7642:
7636:
7620:
7498:
7157:
6956:
6788:
6757:
6695:
6647:
6568:
6504:
6440:
6435:
6395:
6385:
5774:
4848:
3909:
773:
746:
730:
726:
563:
453:
437:
was located in the city, which was known as the "City of Hadad".
409:
380:
372:
365:
275:
269:
9349:
11887:
11881:
11839:
11750:
11218:
11169:
10744:
Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos")
10542:
10445:
10430:
10414:
10159:
10144:
10009:
9916:
9907:
9841:
9667:
9658:
9655:
9652:
9553:
9525:
9466:
9357:
9252:
9079:
8958:
8870:
8858:
8489:
8446:
8411:
8392:
8364:
8261:
8193:
8131:
8074:
8026:
7935:
7906:
7862:
7859:
7809:
7739:
7657:
7610:
7560:
7535:
7530:
7509:
7326:
7300:
7275:
7142:
7074:
7064:
7059:
6998:
6993:
6905:
6872:
6798:
6752:
6733:
6661:
6588:
6533:
6523:
6519:
6489:
6483:
6350:
6345:
6335:
6294:
5042:
4450:
4404:
4078:
3220:
Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Cultures of the Islamic World
2943:. Translated by Todd, Jean Marie. University of Chicago Press.
1177:
1099:, and Alalakh with its proximity to the sea as its port on the
1084:
750:
722:
649:
601:
550:
545:
325:
302:
9344:
8896:
8568:
8166:
8161:
7989:
7974:
3401:. Vol. 3 (Southern Europe). Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.
12087:
12069:
10584:
10190:
10171:
9237:
9148:
9119:
9046:
8778:
8442:
8329:
8248:
8176:
8053:
8049:
7931:
7869:
7865:
7826:
7613:
7555:
7550:
7540:
7513:
7295:
7008:
6988:
6983:
6961:
6911:
6887:
6793:
6781:
6776:
6741:
6718:
6637:
6608:
6543:
6499:
6445:
6425:
5037:
4318:
4068:
3940:
3876:. Kogod library of Judaic Studies. Vol. 11. Bloomsbury.
3323:
Part 1: The Middle East and the Aegean Region, c.1800–1380 BC
3075:
Part 1: The Middle East and the Aegean Region, c.1800–1380 BC
1173:
1161:
1157:
710:
629:
605:
579:
571:
517:
473:
434:
396:
341:
297:
101:
65:
12392:
States and territories disestablished in the 16th century BC
9461:
8423:
788:
11041:
10805:
10732:
10576:
10332:
9443:
9298:
9220:
9061:
8989:
8818:
8704:
8535:
8510:
8398:
8379:
8148:
8106:
8061:
8001:
7939:
7886:
7855:
7784:
7684:
7626:
7623:
7570:
7414:
7406:
7376:
7336:
7320:
7310:
7280:
6941:
6916:
6765:
6709:
6704:
6494:
6467:
6420:
6400:
6340:
4058:
1092:
1052:
1024:
754:
700:
were able to withstand the aggressions of the Hittite king
689:
by the Hittites, the diplomatic equal of the Hittite king.
633:
597:
426:
379:
Syrian culture. Yamhad was also inhabited by a substantial
357:
256:
119:
3521:. Routledge Studies in Religion. Vol. 45. Routledge.
2767:
Archi, Alfonso (1994). "Studies in the Pantheon of Ebla".
1188:
as the god of his head. His son Hammurabi I did likewise.
472:
and formed an alliance with other Syrian states including
12387:
States and territories established in the 19th century BC
9038:
6803:
3134:. Mesopotamian Civilizations. Vol. 11. Eisenbrauns.
2827:
Hittite History and Absolute Chronology of the Bronze Age
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
1858:
1856:
12207:. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. pp. 48–49.
2941:
Writing, Law, and Kingship in Old Babylonian Mesopotamia
2384:
2293:
2265:
1027:
was a replacement for the cup usually held by the deity.
644:
became his vassal. Hammurabi I was succeeded by his son
448:, the first Yamhadite king, was attested in a seal from
399:, who was regarded as the main deity of northern Syria.
8675:
7331:
3500:
A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East
3437:
The Conflict between El and Ba'al in Canaanite Religion
2354:
2352:
2143:
2141:
1924:
1922:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1164:, who was the most important deity and the head of the
12186:
Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional.
3247:
Ancient Israel: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?
2626:
2624:
2622:
1889:
1887:
1853:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1247:
1245:
1243:
9707:
Ilum-gamil Anam of Uruk Irdanene Rim-Anum Nabi-ilišu
2482:
2480:
2478:
2124:
2122:
2089:
2087:
2085:
1770:
1768:
1676:
1674:
1580:
1578:
1469:
1467:
1335:
1333:
544:, then in 1777 BC he advanced to the east conquering
487:
391:
region in the west. Yamhad worshiped the traditional
8775:
Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter
3737:. Vol. 21. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab.
2431:
2401:
2399:
2305:
2138:
1402:
1400:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1195:
7244:
3361:
The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy
1240:
8578:(King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam)
1841:
648:, whose reign witnessed the rebellion of the city
5994:Al-Hamadaniah Olympic Swimming and Diving Complex
3859:. Institute of History of Ancient Civilizations.
3662:The Rise and Fall of the Ancient Israelite States
2792:. Vol. 38. Pontificium Institutum Biblicum.
1547:
1160:, who was considered the father of the gods, and
1031:The people of Yamhad were Amorites and spoke the
12353:
516:Shamshi-Adad's most dangerous alliance was with
460:. Sumu-Epuh consolidated the kingdom and faced
360:. The kingdom was eventually destroyed by the
7230:
6274:
5020:
3925:
3874:Rabbinic Creativity in the Modern Middle East
3751:
3540:(revised ed.). Oxford University Press.
3519:David's Jerusalem: Between Memory and History
2742:
12221:. cdli.ox.ac.uk. University of Oxford, CNRS.
12195:
9699:: Alila-hadum Sumu-binasa Naram-Sin of Uruk
8292:"King of Ur and Kish", victorious over Uruk
5637:Mamoun University for Science and Technology
2884:Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History
509:and by conquering Mari to the east, forcing
12231:
11448:Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon
3573:
3399:International Dictionary of Historic Places
3285:Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC
3195:. History of Warfare. Vol. 35. Brill.
3115:. Translated by Watson, Wilfred GE. Brill.
2534:
7237:
7223:
6281:
6267:
5027:
5013:
3932:
3918:
3778:
3019:Mari and Karana, Two Old Babylonian Cities
2577:
2561:
1156:deities. The most important of these were
1128:and caused the trade temporarily to stop.
652:, which was under the authority of prince
582:, but twenty follow Yarim-Lim of Yamhad."
50:
12148:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia
8744:"King of the four quarters of the world"
3797:
3481:Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions
3434:
3415:
2694:
2678:
2465:
2390:
2299:
2271:
1422:
163:• mid. 16th century BC – c. 1524 BC
12319:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5.
3806:. Assyriological Center Georges Dossin.
3705:
3640:
3609:
3538:The Oxford History of the Biblical World
3497:
3377:
3358:
3339:
3264:Green, Alberto Ravinell Whitney (2003).
3217:
3190:
2960:The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture
2662:
2646:
2421:
2358:
2339:
2323:
2255:
2207:
1928:
1806:
1661:
1629:
1600:
1505:
1489:
1355:
1135:
1018:
780:
772:
717:Hattusili was succeeded by his grandson
663:
491:
56:Yamhad at its greatest extent c. 1752 BC
12164:
5460:Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption
4628:Popular Front for Change and Liberation
3835:
3818:
3732:
3681:Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia
3678:
3301:
3282:
3129:
3091:
2957:
2938:
2630:
2609:
2374:
2040:
1960:
1893:
1862:
1831:
1790:
1755:
1723:
1707:
1521:
1387:
1339:
1288:
1119:caravans. This led the Babylonian king
640:valley in the east, where the ruler of
224:43,000 km (17,000 sq mi)
14:
12354:
12293:
12291:
12289:
12029:
11259:
11057:
8837:
8828:(Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer)
8732:
7656:
3659:
3592:
3554:
3535:
3516:
3502:. Vol. 1. John Wiley & Sons.
3396:
3320:
3266:The Storm-god in the Ancient Near East
3244:
3171:
3148:
3072:
3016:
2997:
2976:
2919:
2824:
2804:
2787:
2775:(3). Pontificium Institutum Biblicum.
2593:
2518:
2486:
2437:
2311:
2283:
2239:
2223:
2191:
2175:
2159:
2147:
2128:
2109:
2093:
2008:
1944:
1874:
1847:
1774:
1680:
1584:
1565:
1537:
1473:
1454:
1320:
1304:
1272:
1251:
749:who annexed Halab. Ilim-Ilimma's son,
371:Yamhad's population was predominately
12309:
12154:
12121:
12116:
12107:
12059:
11998:
11993:
11984:
11979:
11970:
11960:
11955:
11950:
11945:
11936:
11802:
11774:
11769:
11764:
11754:
11745:
11735:
11730:
11719:
11710:
11604:
11339:
11246:
11144:
11134:
11020:
10868:
10777:
10599:
10592:
10550:
10474:
10452:
10420:
10406:
10375:
10359:
10233:
10205:
10181:
10136:
10097:
10042:
9978:
9811:
9796:
9773:
9760:
9723:
9573:
9530:
9404:
9380:
9372:
9335:
9273:
9262:
9232:
9216:
9185:
9152:
9132:
9110:
9077:
8986:
8918:
8906:
8865:
8777:
8769:
8697:
8478:
8232:
8225:
8187:
8114:
8096:
8065:
8018:
7984:
7969:
7961:
7948:
7929:
7917:
7900:
7884:
7847:
7800:
7774:
7696:
7661:
7589:
7413:
7382:
7375:
7364:
7345:
7218:
6262:
5008:
4636:Political status of the Golan Heights
3913:
3871:
3478:
3263:
3110:
2922:Historical Dictionary of the Hittites
2900:
2881:
2862:
2843:
2766:
2726:
2710:
2502:
2405:
2072:
2056:
2024:
1992:
1976:
1909:
1645:
1438:
1406:
1371:
1035:, and apart from a few Mesopotamian,
1014:
766:Dates are estimated and given by the
624:Yarim-Lim I was succeeded by his son
12262:
3459:
3174:Old Babylonian Period (2003–1595 BC)
3035:
2449:
1739:
12397:2nd-millennium BC disestablishments
12286:
5404:Church of the Dormition of Our Lady
3595:The Military Establishments at Mari
1148:The people of Yamhad practiced the
24:
12242:. Getty Publications. p. 14.
12161:Chronology of the Neolithic period
11813:
11443:
11260:
11242:First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt
11027:
10918:
10234:
10206:
10149:
9979:
9586:
9240:
7601:
7204:Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions
6289:Ancient states and regions in the
5627:Aleppo Centre for Culture and Arts
3939:
3854:
3002:. University of California Press.
1553:
761:
659:
500:of Yamhad, to the king of Alalakh.
488:Rivalry with Assyria and expansion
25:
12413:
11818:Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.
10154:Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos
7965:("made the land of Elam submit")
5440:Church of Saint Francis of Assisi
3892:
3113:The God Dagan in Bronze Age Syria
1023:Seal of Abba-El II: the Egyptian
578:, a like number of Amud-pi-el of
574:, a like number of Ibal-pi-el of
12382:2nd-millennium BC establishments
12239:Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins
12165:
12155:
9460:
9348:
9343:
9171:
8900:
8895:
8726:
8572:
8567:
8422:
8321:
8252:
8165:
8160:
8030:
7993:
7988:
7978:
7973:
7768:
7418:
7405:
7393:
7358:
6202:Aleppo Artillery School massacre
5979:Bassel al-Assad Swimming Complex
5497:Church of the Holy Mother of God
5036:
4317:
3462:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
1198:
938:Mid-17th century BC – c. 1625 BC
906:c. 1675 BC – Mid-17th century BC
604:became vassals of Yamhad, while
419:
274:
249:
12303:
12256:
12225:
12211:
12189:
12180:
11236:Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt
5478:Cathedral of Elijah the Prophet
5394:Church of Saint Simeon Stylites
976:Possible son of Yarim-Lim III.
12171:Rulers of Ancient Central Asia
11309:Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt
10856:Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt
10780:Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt
9342:"Kings of Ur, Sumer and Akkad"
5657:International School of Aleppo
3645:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
13:
1:
12141:Muslim conquest of the Levant
11387:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter
11330:Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt
11315:Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt
11153:Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
11023:Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
10824:Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
10523:Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt
3752:van der Toorn, Karel (1996).
3153:. In Ehrlich, Carl S. (ed.).
3021:(2 ed.). Gorgias Press.
1229:
553:, the daughter of Yarim-Lim.
368:in the 16th century BC.
10690:Fourth Babylonian dynasty ("
7424:(Uruk influence or control)
6456:Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia
6177:Aleppo International Airport
5989:Al-Hamadaniah Tennis Complex
5984:Aleppo International Stadium
4776:Energy and mineral resources
4576:Supreme Constitutional Court
3706:Teissier, Beatrice (1996) .
3382:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
3302:Hawkins, John David (2000).
3283:Hamblin, William J. (2006).
3157:. Rowman & Littlefield.
3149:Foster, Benjamin R. (2009).
1234:
151:• c. 1780 – c. 1764 BC
139:• c. 1810 – c. 1780 BC
7:
11384:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
10423:Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
10222:Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
9769:Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt
9763:Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt
9023:(Vassals of the Akkadians)
8010:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
7411:(Anonymous "King-priests")
7366:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
5607:Aleppo Citadel Amphitheatre
5148:Bimaristan Arghun al-Kamili
5118:Central Synagogue of Aleppo
4798:Water supply and sanitation
4698:Weapons of mass destruction
4601:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
3559:. Oxford University Press.
3416:Nathanson, Michael (2013).
3130:Fleming, Daniel E. (2000).
3017:Dalley, Stephanie (2002) .
2962:. Oxford University Press.
2939:Charpin, Dominique (2010).
2905:. Oxford University Press.
2886:. Oxford University Press.
2848:. Oxford University Press.
2846:The Kingdom of the Hittites
2825:Astour, Michael C. (1989).
1191:
1152:, and mainly worshiped the
1131:
324:kingdom centered on Ḥalab (
10:
12418:
12176:
12011:Sasanian conquest of Egypt
11438:
11321:Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt
11205:
11179:
11131:Assyrian conquest of Egypt
10477:Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt
10242:Third Babylonian dynasty (
10139:Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt
10101:Second Intermediate Period
8911:(vassal of the Akkadians)
8299:
7444:Early or legendary kings:
5999:Al-Hamadaniah Sports Arena
5739:Saadallah al-Jabiri Square
5617:National Library of Aleppo
5445:Church of the Holy Trinity
4693:Chief of the General Staff
4621:National Progressive Front
4293:independent First Republic
3555:Podany, Amanda H. (2010).
3517:Pioske, Daniel D. (2015).
3245:Grabbe, Lester L. (2007).
2998:Collon, Dominique (1995).
2759:
1070:
801:Relation to Previous King
668:God head, discovered near
402:
98:ancient Levantine religion
12145:
12138:
12131:
12102:
12052:
12049:
12008:
11967:
11933:
11914:
11756:Parthamaspates of Parthia
11742:
11707:
11566:
11534:
11327:
11306:
11233:
11230:
11136:Assyrian conquest of Elam
11129:
11017:
10983:
10917:
10878:
10742:
10731:
10688:
10516:Third Intermediate Period
10331:
10202:
10046:Second Babylonian dynasty
9991:("Old Babylonian Period")
9757:
9709:
9473:
9441:
9413:Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
9385:
9369:
9316:
9313:
9296:
9218:
9203:
9162:
9129:
9075:
9059:
9033:
9025:
8996:
8921:First Intermediate Period
8915:
8891:
8847:
8832:
8816:
8791:
8782:
8756:
8751:
8563:
8542:
8523:
8514:
8475:
8450:
8433:
8409:
8396:
8391:
8377:
8362:
8353:
8305:
8281:
8206:
8146:
8129:
8094:
8073:
8067:Early Dynastic Period III
8015:
7999:
7927:
7925:
7914:
7841:
7792:
7782:
7693:
7670:
7586:
7517:
7448:
7431:
7428:
7369:
7342:
7269:
7253:
7191:
7085:
6826:
6359:
6301:
6247:
6157:Massacre of Aleppo (1850)
6062:
6007:
5959:Ri'ayet al-Shabab Stadium
5946:
5939:
5883:
5765:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
5757:
5716:
5670:
5622:National Museum of Aleppo
5597:
5541:
5505:
5487:
5468:
5450:Cathedral of Saint Joseph
5430:
5423:
5409:Mar Assia al-Hakim Church
5386:
5377:
5352:
5271:
5262:
5196:
5090:
5049:
4971:
4892:
4819:
4810:
4768:
4719:
4710:
4661:
4476:
4467:
4428:
4377:
4339:
4335:
4326:
4315:
4247:
4230:
4132:
4024:
3978:
3960:
3951:
3050:10.1017/s0066154600008619
290:
228:
220:
215:
211:
201:
191:
187:
177:
173:
161:
149:
137:
133:
118:
108:
93:
71:
61:
49:
44:
34:
12134:Muslim conquest of Egypt
11598:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus
11429:Cleopatra VII Philopator
10926:Eight Babylonian Dynasty
9988:First Babylonian dynasty
9726:Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
9230:(vassal of the Gutians)
8927:Seventh Dynasty of Egypt
7919:Early Dynastic Period II
5455:Church of the Holy Cross
5168:Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower
3593:Sasson, Jack M. (1969).
3359:Liverani, Mario (2013).
3340:Lauinger, Jacob (2015).
3172:Frayne, Douglas (1990).
3000:Ancient Near Eastern Art
2981:. Louvre. Archived from
2920:Burney, Charles (2004).
1224:List of rulers of Aleppo
758:name Yamhad also ended.
725:. Mursili then left for
27:Semitic kingdom in Syria
12219:"Rulers of Mesopotamia"
11962:Province of Mesopotamia
11771:Province of Mesopotamia
11747:Province of Mesopotamia
11722:Roman conquest of Egypt
11563:Antigonus II Mattathias
11357:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
10930:Ninurta-kudurri-usur II
9407:Middle Kingdom of Egypt
8933:Eighth Dynasty of Egypt
8241:Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
7776:Early Dynastic Period I
7699:Second Dynasty of Egypt
6227:September 2012 bombings
5399:Forty Martyrs Cathedral
5067:New Aleppo Neighborhood
4203:Principality of Antioch
3899:Hadad temple discovery.
3679:Taracha, Piotr (2009).
3660:Sicker, Martin (2003).
3464:. Eerdmans Publishing.
3435:Oldenburg, Ulf (1969).
3222:. Vol. 27. Brill.
2977:Claire, Iselin (2017).
2844:Bryce, Trevor (1999) .
954:c. 1625 BC – c. 1600 BC
890:c. 1700 BC – c. 1675 BC
874:c. 1720 BC – c. 1700 BC
858:c. 1750 BC – c. 1720 BC
842:c. 1764 BC – c. 1750 BC
826:c. 1780 BC – c. 1764 BC
811:c. 1810 BC – c. 1780 BC
11819:
11601:Philip II Philoromaeus
11595:Antiochus XII Dionysus
11589:Demetrius III Eucaerus
11586:Antiochus XI Epiphanes
11577:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus
11449:
11417:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
11372:Arsinoe III Philopator
11265:
11033:
10923:
10760:Ninurta-kudurri-usur I
10692:Second Dynasty of Isin
10239:
10212:
10155:
9984:
9867:(Non-dynastic usurpers
9591:
9276:Tenth Dynasty of Egypt
9245:
9135:Ninth Dynasty of Egypt
8700:Sixth Dynasty of Egypt
8481:Fifth Dynasty of Egypt
8308:Second kingdom of Mari
8021:Third Dynasty of Egypt
7955:Dumuzid, the Fisherman
7607:
7598:First Dynasty of Egypt
7049:Luwian-Aramaean states
6217:February 2012 bombings
6207:Siege of Aleppo (1980)
6197:Chemins de Fer Syriens
6137:Siege of Aleppo (1260)
6132:1138 Aleppo earthquake
5414:Saint Elijah Cathedral
5284:Great Mosque of Aleppo
5188:Grand Serail of Aleppo
5178:Aleppo railway station
5098:Ancient City of Aleppo
5057:Ancient City of Aleppo
4744:International rankings
4390:Anti-Lebanon Mountains
4054:Middle Assyrian Empire
3905:Ansari- ancient Halab.
3836:Wossink, Arne (2009).
3664:. Praeger Publishers.
3479:Payne, Annick (2012).
2882:Bryce, Trevor (2014).
2863:Bryce, Trevor (2009).
1145:
1058:After the fall of the
1028:
786:
778:
673:
584:
501:
203:• Disestablished
12205:The Ancient Near East
12123:Byzantine Mesopotamia
12037:Province of Asoristan
12000:Byzantine Mesopotamia
11817:
11810:Province of Asoristan
11592:Philip I Philadelphus
11580:Seleucus VI Epiphanes
11574:Antiochus VIII Grypus
11571:Seleucus V Philometor
11526:Antiochus VII Sidetes
11520:Antiochus VI Dionysus
11447:
11420:Berenice IV Epiphanea
11381:Ptolemy VI Philometor
11369:Ptolemy IV Philopator
11366:Berenice II Euergetis
11363:Ptolemy III Euergetes
11264:
11182:Neo-Babylonian Empire
11092:Marduk-apla-iddina II
11089:Marduk-zakir-shumi II
11080:Marduk-apla-iddina II
11031:
10986:Humban-Tahrid dynasty
10922:
10643:Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur
10333:Middle Elamite period
10238:
10210:
10153:
9983:
9590:
9244:
8999:Third kingdom of Mari
8720:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
7795:First kingdom of Mari
7605:
7592:Early Dynastic Period
7434:Proto-Dynastic period
6900:Neo-Babylonian Empire
6484:Canaanite city-states
6232:October 2012 bombings
6107:Siege of Aleppo (637)
5969:Al-Hamadaniah Stadium
5964:Al-Assad Sports Arena
5662:Lycée français d'Alep
5612:Aleppo Citadel Museum
4549:Government ministries
4099:Neo-Babylonian Empire
3151:"Akkadian Literature"
3111:Feliu, Lluís (2003).
1139:
1022:
970:Early 16th century BC
944:Brother of Irkabtum.
784:
776:
667:
556:
495:
72:Common languages
45:c. 1810 BC–c. 1517 BC
11568:Alexander II Zabinas
11432:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
11408:Ptolemy XI Alexander
11390:Ptolemy VIII Physcon
10945:Marduk-zakir-shumi I
10933:Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina
10757:Eulmash-shakin-shumi
10698:Marduk-kabit-ahheshu
10322:Marduk-apla-iddina I
10216:New Kingdom of Egypt
10039:Early Kassite rulers
9333:(Vassals of Ur III)
9314:(Vassals of UR III)
8714:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
8684:Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II
8235:Old Kingdom of Egypt
7183:Tanukhid confederacy
7018:New Kingdom of Egypt
6142:Battle of Marj Dabiq
5805:Levon Ter-Petrossian
5642:Al-Shahba University
5632:University of Aleppo
5329:Al-Saffahiyah Mosque
5279:Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque
5077:Salaheddine District
4861:(2011–present)
4757:Securities Exchange
4508:Council of Ministers
4263:Haj Fadel Government
3781:The Babylonian World
1002:c. 1524 – c. 1517 BC
375:, and had a typical
104:was the chief deity)
12073:Shapur-i Shahrvaraz
11583:Antiochus X Eusebes
11411:Ptolemy XII Auletes
11402:Ptolemy X Alexander
11396:Ptolemy IX Lathyros
11375:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
11060:Neo-Assyrian Empire
10948:Marduk-balassu-iqbi
10881:Neo-Assyrian Empire
10704:Ninurta-nadin-shumi
10595:Syro-Hittite states
10301:Shagarakti-Shuriash
9974:Ashur-nadin-ahhe II
8968:Neferkare Pepiseneb
8867:Akkadian Governors:
7371:Pre-Dynastic period
6895:Neo-Assyrian Empire
6678:Paleo-Syrian states
6237:University bombings
6222:March 2012 bombings
6064:Historical timeline
5860:Saadallah al-Jabiri
5820:Mustafa Bey Barmada
5734:Sabaa Bahrat Square
5717:Streets and squares
5309:Al-Sahibiyah Mosque
5143:Khanqah al-Farafira
5128:Hammam Bab al-Ahmar
5123:Al-Shibani building
4537:Golan Heights claim
4094:Neo-Assyrian Empire
4089:Syro-Hittite states
3979:Prehistorical Syria
3872:Zohar, Zvi (2013).
3855:Wu, Yuhong (1994).
3840:. Sidestone Press.
3823:. Clarendon Press.
1095:as its port on the
1091:, with the city of
986:Mid-16th century BC
922:Mid-17th century BC
566:, a like number of
346:Old Assyrian Empire
193:• Established
12299:Sumerian King List
12113:Palaestina Secunda
11990:Palaestina Secunda
11820:
11551:Alexander Jannaeus
11450:
11440:Hellenistic Period
11266:
11034:
11012:Humban-haltash III
10976:Nabu-shuma-ukin II
10924:
10889:Tukulti-Ninurta II
10870:Kingdom of Samaria
10766:Mar-biti-apla-usur
10763:Shirikti-shuqamuna
10733:Neo-Elamite period
10716:Marduk-shapik-zeri
10701:Itti-Marduk-balatu
10682:Tiglath-Pileser II
10679:Ashur-resh-ishi II
10634:Enlil-kudurri-usur
10325:Zababa-shuma-iddin
10310:Kadashman-Harbe II
10295:Kadashman-Enlil II
10240:
10213:
10156:
9985:
9971:Ashur-rim-nisheshu
9968:Ashur-bel-nisheshu
9959:Ashur-nadin-ahhe I
9718:Siwe-Palar-Khuppak
9592:
9246:
8621:Lugal-kinishe-dudu
8002:Old Elamite period
7894:Mesh-ki-ang-gasher
7747:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
7664:Jemdet Nasr period
7608:
7138:Herodian Tetrarchy
6192:1947 Aleppo pogrom
5974:Al-Ittihad Stadium
5749:King Faisal Street
5683:Aleppo Public Park
5339:Al-Adiliyah Mosque
5334:Khusruwiyah Mosque
5304:Altun Bogha Mosque
5133:Hammam al-Nahhasin
5091:Historic landmarks
4788:Telecommunications
4781:Petroleum industry
4285:Mandatory Republic
4231:Early modern Syria
3986:Levantine corridor
2743:van der Toorn 1996
1146:
1029:
1015:People and culture
928:Possible brother.
787:
779:
674:
502:
464:of Mari who had a
364:, then annexed by
356:at the borders of
12372:History of Aleppo
12349:
12348:
12343:
12342:
12339:
12338:
12326:978-1-62564-606-4
12311:Unger, Merrill F.
12279:978-0-14-193825-7
12249:978-1-60606-649-2
12016:Province of Egypt
11947:Province of Egypt
11727:Province of Egypt
11469:Antigonid dynasty
11269:Achaemenid Empire
11190:Nebuchadnezzar II
11098:Ashur-nadin-shumi
10967:Nabu-shuma-ishkun
10939:Nabu-shuma-ukin I
10754:Kashshu-nadin-ahi
10722:Marduk-ahhe-eriba
10713:Marduk-nadin-ahhe
10655:Asharid-apal-Ekur
10652:Tiglath-Pileser I
10649:Ashur-resh-ishi I
10637:Ninurta-apal-Ekur
10625:Tukulti-Ninurta I
10572:Kingdom of Israel
10540:Osorkon the Elder
10461:Shutrukid dynasty
10346:Igehalkid dynasty
10313:Adad-shuma-iddina
10307:Enlil-nadin-shumi
10274:Kadashman-Enlil I
10268:Kadashman-harbe I
9712:Sukkalmah dynasty
9576:Isin-Larsa period
9398:Shimashki Dynasty
9124:Puzur-Inshushinak
8723:Netjerkare Siptah
8493:Neferirkare Kakai
8038:Egyptian pyramids
7247:Ancient Near East
7212:
7211:
7153:Nabataean Kingdom
7128:Hasmonean dynasty
7123:Ghassanid Kingdom
6836:Achaemenid Empire
6672:Ib'al Confederacy
6311:Kish civilization
6256:
6255:
6058:
6057:
5931:Sabkhat al-Jabbul
5835:Ronaldo Mouchawar
5537:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5489:Oriental Orthodox
5373:
5372:
5344:Behramiyah Mosque
5319:Al-Tawashi Mosque
5113:Al-Jdayde quarter
5103:Citadel of Aleppo
5002:
5001:
4967:
4966:
4806:
4805:
4706:
4705:
4595:Political parties
4532:Foreign relations
4463:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4313:
4312:
4273:Syrian Federation
4208:County of Tripoli
4163:Ikhshidid dynasty
4016:Yarmukian culture
3883:978-1-4411-3329-8
3847:978-90-8890-031-0
3790:978-1-134-26128-4
3763:978-90-04-10410-5
3744:978-87-7876-177-4
3717:978-3-525-53892-0
3690:978-3-447-05885-8
3671:978-0-275-98012-2
3652:978-1-58839-475-0
3625:978-90-04-18652-1
3612:Alice L., Slotsky
3585:978-1-57506-135-1
3566:978-0-19-979875-9
3547:978-0-19-513937-2
3528:978-1-317-54891-1
3509:978-1-4443-6077-6
3490:978-1-58983-658-7
3471:978-90-5356-503-2
3427:978-1-4918-2310-1
3408:978-1-884964-02-2
3389:978-3-447-04749-4
3370:978-1-134-75084-9
3351:978-90-04-29289-5
3332:978-1-139-05426-3
3313:978-3-11-080420-1
3294:978-1-134-52062-6
3275:978-1-57506-069-9
3256:978-0-567-03254-6
3249:. T&T Clark.
3229:978-90-04-18511-1
3202:978-90-04-14713-3
3183:978-0-8020-5873-7
3164:978-0-7425-6347-6
3141:978-1-57506-044-6
3122:978-90-04-13158-3
3103:978-1-57506-135-1
3084:978-1-139-05426-3
3038:Anatolian Studies
3028:978-1-931956-02-4
3009:978-0-520-20307-5
2985:on August 8, 2022
2969:978-0-19-955730-1
2950:978-0-226-10159-0
2931:978-0-8108-6564-8
2912:978-0-19-166255-3
2893:978-0-19-100292-2
2874:978-1-134-15908-6
2855:978-0-19-924010-4
2836:978-91-86098-86-5
2817:978-0-931464-07-2
1154:Northwest Semitic
1012:
1011:
768:Middle chronology
707:Middle chronology
466:dynastic alliance
393:Northwest Semitic
320:) was an ancient
311:
310:
286:
285:
282:
281:
262:
261:
113:Absolute monarchy
88:
16:(Redirected from
12409:
12331:
12330:
12307:
12301:
12295:
12284:
12283:
12260:
12254:
12253:
12232:Thomas, Ariane;
12229:
12223:
12222:
12215:
12209:
12208:
12193:
12187:
12184:
12169:
12159:
12109:Palaestina Prima
12055:Byzantine Empire
11986:Palaestina Prima
11973:Byzantine Empire
11952:Syria Palaestina
11917:Palmyrene Empire
11903:Bahram VI Chobin
11766:Syria Palaestina
11554:Salome Alexandra
11537:Kingdom of Judea
11523:Diodotus Tryphon
11378:Cleopatra I Syra
11354:Ptolemy Keraunos
11122:Ashur-uballit II
11119:Sin-shumu-lishir
11113:Ashur-etil-ilani
11068:Sargonid dynasty
10961:Marduk-apla-usur
10942:Nabu-apla-iddina
10936:Shamash-mudammiq
10892:Ashurnasirpal II
10875:Kingdom of Judah
10719:Adad-apla-iddina
10710:Enlil-nadin-apli
10707:Nebuchadnezzar I
10631:Ashur-nirari III
10628:Ashur-nadin-apli
10466:Shutruk-Nakhunte
10351:Untash-Napirisha
10340:Kidinuid dynasty
9938:Shamshi-Adad III
9646:Dynasty of Larsa
9464:
9352:
9347:
9175:
9028:Shar-Kali-Sharri
8962:Neferkare Tereru
8950:Neferkare Khendu
8904:
8899:
8730:
8689:Kiku-siwe-tempti
8576:
8571:
8426:
8355:Kish III dynasty
8325:
8256:
8169:
8164:
8069:(2600–2340 BCE)
8034:
7997:
7992:
7982:
7977:
7921:(2700–2600 BCE)
7778:(2900–2700 BCE)
7772:
7689:(3100–2700 BCE)
7668:(3100–2900 BCE)
7422:
7409:
7397:
7373:(4000–2900 BCE)
7362:
7261:
7260:
7257:
7256:
7239:
7232:
7225:
7216:
7215:
7163:Palmyrene Empire
7133:Herodian kingdom
7107:Byzantine Empire
6922:Israel (Samaria)
6283:
6276:
6269:
6260:
6259:
6212:Battle of Aleppo
6072:Rulers of Aleppo
6050:Shorta Aleppo SC
5944:
5943:
5926:Limestone Massif
5855:Qustaki al-Himsi
5840:Rushdi al-Kikhya
5830:Qustaki al-Himsi
5785:Hilarion Capucci
5780:Harut Sassounian
5688:Al-Snoubari Park
5480:(Greek Orthodox)
5470:Eastern Orthodox
5428:
5427:
5384:
5383:
5360:Ar-Rahman Mosque
5324:Al-Otrush Mosque
5299:Mahmandar Mosque
5294:Al-Qaiqan Mosque
5289:Al-Nuqtah Mosque
5269:
5268:
5229:Al-Shadbakhtiyah
5041:
5040:
5029:
5022:
5015:
5006:
5005:
4987:
4980:
4862:
4817:
4816:
4760:
4759:(stock exchange)
4752:
4717:
4716:
4630:
4623:
4614:
4612:regional command
4603:
4474:
4473:
4446:Fertile Crescent
4337:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4321:
4198:County of Edessa
4178:Mirdasid dynasty
4173:Hamdanid dynasty
4152:
4119:Palmyrene Empire
4104:Achaemenid Syria
3991:Natufian culture
3958:
3957:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3911:
3910:
3887:
3868:
3851:
3832:
3815:
3794:
3775:
3748:
3729:
3702:
3675:
3656:
3637:
3606:
3589:
3570:
3551:
3532:
3513:
3494:
3475:
3456:
3431:
3420:. Author House.
3412:
3393:
3374:
3355:
3336:
3317:
3298:
3279:
3260:
3241:
3214:
3187:
3168:
3145:
3126:
3107:
3088:
3069:
3032:
3013:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2973:
2954:
2935:
2916:
2897:
2878:
2859:
2840:
2821:
2801:
2784:
2754:
2740:
2734:
2724:
2718:
2708:
2702:
2692:
2686:
2676:
2670:
2660:
2654:
2644:
2638:
2628:
2617:
2607:
2601:
2591:
2585:
2575:
2569:
2559:
2542:
2535:Pruzsinszky 2007
2532:
2526:
2516:
2510:
2500:
2494:
2484:
2473:
2463:
2457:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2419:
2413:
2403:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2372:
2366:
2356:
2347:
2337:
2331:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2291:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2253:
2247:
2237:
2231:
2221:
2215:
2205:
2199:
2189:
2183:
2173:
2167:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2136:
2126:
2117:
2107:
2101:
2091:
2080:
2070:
2064:
2054:
2048:
2038:
2032:
2022:
2016:
2006:
2000:
1990:
1984:
1974:
1968:
1958:
1952:
1942:
1936:
1926:
1917:
1907:
1901:
1891:
1882:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1829:
1814:
1804:
1798:
1788:
1782:
1772:
1763:
1753:
1747:
1737:
1731:
1721:
1715:
1705:
1688:
1678:
1669:
1659:
1653:
1643:
1637:
1627:
1608:
1598:
1592:
1582:
1573:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1535:
1529:
1519:
1513:
1503:
1497:
1487:
1481:
1471:
1462:
1452:
1446:
1436:
1430:
1420:
1414:
1404:
1395:
1385:
1379:
1369:
1363:
1353:
1347:
1337:
1328:
1318:
1312:
1302:
1296:
1286:
1280:
1270:
1255:
1249:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1150:Amorite religion
1033:Amorite language
789:
785:Niqmi-Epuh seal.
692:The rise of the
588:
496:Legal case from
322:Semitic-speaking
278:
266:
265:
253:
252:
246:
245:
230:
229:
83:
54:
32:
31:
21:
12417:
12416:
12412:
12411:
12410:
12408:
12407:
12406:
12402:Former kingdoms
12352:
12351:
12350:
12345:
12344:
12335:
12334:
12327:
12308:
12304:
12296:
12287:
12280:
12261:
12257:
12250:
12230:
12226:
12217:
12216:
12212:
12194:
12190:
12185:
12181:
12118:Byzantine Syria
12104:Byzantine Egypt
12079:Farrukh Hormizd
12039:
12035:
12032:Sasanian Empire
12018:
12014:
11995:Byzantine Syria
11981:Byzantine Egypt
11920:
11812:
11808:
11805:Sasanian Empire
11725:
11630:Mithridates III
11610:
11607:Parthian Empire
11540:
11479:Seleucid Empire
11476:
11466:
11442:
11351:Ptolemy I Soter
11349:
11346:Ptolemaic Egypt
11318:
11312:
11272:
11254:
11250:
11248:Kings of Byblos
11239:
11211:
11185:
11156:
11150:
11124:
11104:Mushezib-Marduk
11074:Tiglath-Pileser
11072:
11063:
11040:
11026:
11010:
11006:
11002:
10998:
10994:
10990:
10989:
10981:
10979:Nabu-mukin-zeri
10973:Nabu-nadin-zeri
10958:Marduk-bel-zeri
10951:Baba-aha-iddina
10928:
10905:Adad-nirari III
10895:Shalmaneser III
10884:
10873:
10872:
10859:
10853:
10852:
10850:Menkheperre Ini
10827:
10820:
10819:
10783:
10769:Nabû-mukin-apli
10746:
10735:(1100–540 BCE)
10728:Nabu-shum-libur
10696:
10673:Ashur-nirari IV
10667:Ashurnasirpal I
10664:Shamshi-Adad IV
10610:Ashur-uballit I
10605:
10587:
10583:
10579:
10575:
10569:
10568:
10564:
10560:
10558:Kings of Byblos
10556:
10526:
10519:
10513:
10512:
10481:
10480:
10464:
10458:
10426:
10413:
10412:
10394:Neferneferuaten
10354:
10353:
10349:
10343:
10337:
10336:(1500–1100 BCE)
10328:Enlil-nadin-ahi
10316:Adad-shuma-usur
10304:Kashtiliashu IV
10292:Kadashman-Turgu
10277:Burnaburiash II
10256:Kashtiliash III
10248:
10225:
10219:
10189:
10188:(1600–1260 BCE)
10187:
10157:
10148:
10142:
10130:
10124:
10120:
10114:
10110:
10104:
10084:
10079:Peshgaldaramesh
10074:
10064:
10054:
10050:Sealand Dynasty
10047:
10044:
10043:
10037:
10036:
9999:
9992:
9990:
9965:Ashur-nirari II
9944:Puzur-Ashur III
9932:Shamshi-Adad II
9903:
9901:
9899:Adaside dynasty
9896:
9895:
9870:
9868:
9866:
9865:
9828:
9826:
9824:
9817:
9808:
9802:
9791:
9787:
9785:Kings of Byblos
9783:
9777:
9766:
9729:
9716:
9715:
9697:Uruk VI dynasty
9695:
9644:
9595:Dynasty of Isin
9585:
9579:
9568:
9564:
9560:
9556:
9552:
9548:
9544:
9540:
9536:
9511:
9505:
9498:
9494:
9493:
9492:
9490:
9486:
9482:
9465:
9459:
9455:
9449:
9446:
9416:
9410:
9392:
9353:
9341:
9332:
9328:
9324:
9320:
9303:
9293:
9279:
9263:
9255:
9251:
9247:
9236:
9229:
9225:
9211:
9207:
9198:
9194:
9193:
9191:
9180:
9176:
9170:
9166:
9157:(2150–2000 BCE)
9138:
9122:
9118:
9114:
9108:
9104:
9100:
9096:
9092:
9088:
9084:
9070:
9066:
9054:
9050:
9026:
9022:
9018:
9014:
9010:
9009:
9007:
9002:
8992:
8947:Djedkare Shemai
8936:
8930:
8924:
8910:
8881:
8877:
8873:
8869:
8856:Sargon of Akkad
8854:
8853:
8850:Akkadian Empire
8842:(2340–2150 BCE)
8840:Akkadian Period
8827:
8823:
8811:
8807:
8786:
8774:
8764:
8760:
8743:
8739:
8725:
8703:
8682:
8680:
8668:
8664:
8660:
8649:
8645:
8641:
8632:
8623:
8609:
8605:
8593:
8589:
8577:
8548:
8545:
8539:
8527:
8518:
8485:
8484:
8468:
8464:
8460:
8456:
8445:
8441:
8437:
8428:
8427:
8421:
8417:
8416:
8404:
8403:
8387:
8384:
8372:
8368:
8357:
8348:
8344:
8340:
8336:
8332:
8328:
8327:
8326:
8320:
8316:
8312:
8311:
8303:(2500-539 BCE)
8291:
8287:
8257:
8251:
8244:
8238:
8220:
8216:
8212:
8200:
8196:
8192:
8180:
8174:
8170:
8156:
8152:
8142:
8139:
8135:
8123:
8119:
8109:
8105:
8103:
8089:
8085:
8081:
8077:
8041:
8035:
8029:
8025:
8024:
8008:
8007:
8006:(2700–1500 BCE)
8005:
7953:
7942:
7905:("conqueror of
7891:
7875:
7868:
7858:
7844:
7825:
7821:
7816:
7807:
7798:
7790:
7787:
7767:
7703:
7702:
7688:
7682:
7676:
7667:
7609:
7595:
7582:
7523:
7454:
7443:
7437:
7423:
7417:
7410:
7404:
7398:
7392:
7391:
7390:(4000–3100 BCE)
7389:
7383:
7357:
7351:
7323:
7304:
7294:
7267:
7265:
7249:
7243:
7213:
7208:
7187:
7178:Sasanian Empire
7173:Seleucid Empire
7168:Parthian Empire
7118:Emesene Dynasty
7081:
6927:Israel (united)
6842:Aramaean states
6822:
6369:Akkadian Empire
6355:
6297:
6287:
6257:
6252:
6250:Category:Aleppo
6243:
6182:State of Aleppo
6172:Baghdad Railway
6077:Kingdom of Armi
6054:
6040:Ommal Aleppo SC
6030:Al-Herafyeen SC
6003:
5954:7 April Stadium
5935:
5879:
5875:Simeon Stylites
5815:Moustapha Akkad
5753:
5724:Al-Hatab Square
5712:
5703:Sheraton Aleppo
5666:
5599:
5593:
5529:
5525:Martyrs' Church
5515:Emmanuel Church
5501:
5483:
5464:
5419:
5369:
5348:
5258:
5224:Al-Muqaddamiyah
5192:
5138:Hammam Yalbugha
5086:
5045:
5035:
5033:
5003:
4998:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4963:
4888:
4874:Public holidays
4860:
4802:
4764:
4758:
4750:
4702:
4657:
4626:
4619:
4606:
4599:
4455:
4424:
4373:
4322:
4309:
4299:Second Republic
4243:
4226:
4193:Crusader states
4158:Tulunid dynasty
4151:(Bilad al-Sham)
4150:
4148:Caliphal Syria
4142:Muslim conquest
4128:
4124:Byzantine Syria
4039:Akkadian Empire
4020:
3974:
3947:
3938:
3895:
3890:
3884:
3848:
3791:
3764:
3745:
3718:
3691:
3672:
3653:
3626:
3586:
3578:. Eisenbrauns.
3567:
3548:
3529:
3510:
3491:
3472:
3428:
3409:
3390:
3371:
3352:
3333:
3314:
3295:
3276:
3257:
3230:
3203:
3184:
3165:
3142:
3123:
3104:
3096:. Eisenbrauns.
3085:
3029:
3010:
2988:
2986:
2979:"Head of a God"
2970:
2951:
2932:
2913:
2894:
2875:
2856:
2837:
2818:
2810:. Eisenbrauns.
2762:
2757:
2741:
2737:
2725:
2721:
2709:
2705:
2693:
2689:
2677:
2673:
2661:
2657:
2645:
2641:
2629:
2620:
2608:
2604:
2592:
2588:
2578:van Koppen 2010
2576:
2572:
2562:van Koppen 2010
2560:
2545:
2533:
2529:
2517:
2513:
2501:
2497:
2485:
2476:
2464:
2460:
2448:
2444:
2436:
2432:
2420:
2416:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2373:
2369:
2357:
2350:
2338:
2334:
2322:
2318:
2310:
2306:
2298:
2294:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2254:
2250:
2238:
2234:
2222:
2218:
2206:
2202:
2190:
2186:
2174:
2170:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2139:
2127:
2120:
2108:
2104:
2092:
2083:
2071:
2067:
2055:
2051:
2039:
2035:
2023:
2019:
2007:
2003:
1991:
1987:
1975:
1971:
1959:
1955:
1943:
1939:
1927:
1920:
1908:
1904:
1892:
1885:
1873:
1869:
1861:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1830:
1817:
1805:
1801:
1789:
1785:
1773:
1766:
1754:
1750:
1738:
1734:
1722:
1718:
1706:
1691:
1679:
1672:
1660:
1656:
1644:
1640:
1628:
1611:
1599:
1595:
1583:
1576:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1536:
1532:
1520:
1516:
1504:
1500:
1488:
1484:
1472:
1465:
1453:
1449:
1437:
1433:
1421:
1417:
1405:
1398:
1386:
1382:
1370:
1366:
1354:
1350:
1338:
1331:
1319:
1315:
1303:
1299:
1287:
1283:
1271:
1258:
1250:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1134:
1077:Iranian Plateau
1073:
1060:Akkadian Empire
1017:
777:Abba-El I seal.
764:
762:Kings of Yamhad
662:
660:Decline and end
590:
586:
536:of Babylon and
490:
470:Yaminite tribes
422:
405:
385:Iranian plateau
307:
250:
204:
194:
164:
152:
140:
78:
57:
40:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12415:
12405:
12404:
12399:
12394:
12389:
12384:
12379:
12377:Amorite cities
12374:
12369:
12364:
12347:
12346:
12341:
12340:
12337:
12336:
12333:
12332:
12325:
12302:
12285:
12278:
12255:
12248:
12234:Potts, Timothy
12224:
12210:
12188:
12178:
12177:
12174:
12173:
12163:
12152:
12151:
12144:
12137:
12130:
12126:
12125:
12120:
12115:
12106:
12100:
12099:
12058:
12051:
12047:
12046:
12028:
12007:
12003:
12002:
11997:
11992:
11983:
11977:
11976:
11969:
11965:
11964:
11959:
11954:
11949:
11943:
11942:
11935:
11931:
11930:
11913:
11909:
11908:
11801:
11797:
11796:
11773:
11768:
11763:
11759:
11758:
11753:
11744:
11740:
11739:
11734:
11729:
11717:
11716:
11709:
11708:30 BCE–116 CE
11705:
11704:
11642:Mithridates IV
11624:Mithridates II
11603:
11565:
11560:Aristobulus II
11533:
11529:
11528:
11453:Argead dynasty
11437:
11342:Argead dynasty
11338:
11334:
11333:
11325:
11324:
11304:
11303:
11295:Artaxerxes III
11258:
11256:Kings of Sidon
11245:
11232:
11228:
11227:
11204:
11199:Labashi-Marduk
11178:
11143:
11139:
11138:
11133:
11127:
11126:
11101:Nergal-ushezib
11056:
11037:Black Pharaohs
11019:
11015:
11014:
10982:
10955:Ninurta-apla-X
10916:
10914:Ashur-nirari V
10908:Shalmaneser IV
10898:Shamshi-Adad V
10886:Adad-nirari II
10877:
10867:
10776:
10772:
10771:
10741:
10737:
10736:
10730:
10687:
10670:Shalmaneser II
10658:Ashur-bel-kala
10646:Mutakkil-Nusku
10602:Middle Assyria
10598:
10591:
10566:Kings of Sidon
10549:
10473:
10472:1155–1025 BCE
10469:
10468:
10455:Elamite Empire
10451:
10418:
10417:
10409:Hittite Empire
10405:
10373:
10372:
10357:
10356:
10330:
10319:Meli-Shipak II
10289:Nazi-Maruttash
10253:Burnaburiash I
10232:
10204:
10203:1531–1155 BCE
10200:
10199:
10180:
10135:
10095:
10094:
10041:
9977:
9962:Enlil-Nasir II
9941:Ashur-nirari I
9935:Ishme-Dagan II
9926:Sharma-Adad II
9878:Ashur-apla-idi
9869:1735–1701 BCE)
9848:Ashur-apla-idi
9830:Shamshi-Adad I
9825:1808–1736 BCE)
9810:
9805:Yamhad dynasty
9795:
9793:Kings of Sidon
9772:
9759:
9758:1800–1595 BCE
9755:
9754:
9721:
9720:
9708:
9572:
9562:Puzur-Ashur II
9529:
9472:
9439:
9438:
9433:Mentuhotep III
9402:
9401:
9384:
9379:
9371:
9370:2025-1763 BCE
9367:
9366:
9338:Ur III dynasty
9334:
9315:
9312:
9308:
9307:
9295:
9284:Neferkare VIII
9272:
9268:
9267:
9260:
9259:
9231:
9217:
9215:
9202:
9188:Gutian dynasty
9184:
9160:
9159:
9151:
9146:Nebkaure Khety
9140:Meryibre Khety
9131:
9127:
9126:
9109:
9076:
9074:
9058:
9031:
9030:
9024:
8995:
8985:
8971:Neferkamin Anu
8944:Neferkare Neby
8917:
8913:
8912:
8908:Lugal-ushumgal
8905:
8890:
8886:
8885:
8864:
8845:
8844:
8836:
8834:
8830:
8829:
8815:
8802:
8800:
8796:
8795:
8790:
8781:
8776:
8768:
8755:
8750:
8746:
8745:
8741:Lugalannemundu
8731:
8696:
8692:
8691:
8686:
8672:
8655:
8636:
8627:
8618:
8613:
8597:
8584:
8580:
8579:
8562:
8557:
8553:
8552:
8541:
8532:
8531:
8522:
8513:
8508:Djedkare Isesi
8505:Menkauhor Kaiu
8477:
8473:
8472:
8449:
8432:
8408:
8406:Pabilgagaltuku
8395:
8390:
8376:
8365:Akshak dynasty
8361:
8352:
8304:
8298:
8294:
8293:
8280:
8231:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8205:
8190:Enun-dara-anna
8185:
8184:
8145:
8128:
8113:
8095:
8093:
8071:
8070:
8064:
8017:
8013:
8012:
7998:
7983:
7967:
7966:
7959:
7958:
7947:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7916:
7912:
7911:
7898:
7897:
7883:
7846:
7839:
7838:
7814:Kullassina-bel
7799:
7791:
7780:
7779:
7773:
7695:
7691:
7690:
7669:
7660:
7655:
7606:Narmer Palette
7588:
7587:3100–2900 BCE
7584:
7583:
7516:
7446:
7445:
7430:
7429:3200–3100 BCE
7426:
7425:
7412:
7380:
7379:
7374:
7368:
7363:
7344:
7343:4000–3200 BCE
7340:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7298:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7255:
7254:
7251:
7250:
7245:Rulers of the
7242:
7241:
7234:
7227:
7219:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7201:
7199:Amarna letters
7195:
7193:
7189:
7188:
7186:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7099:Roman Republic
7091:
7089:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7079:
7078:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7045:
7044:
7043:
7038:
7033:
7020:
7015:
7014:
7013:
7012:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6976:
6975:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6891:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6838:
6832:
6830:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6785:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6762:
6761:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6738:
6737:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6693:
6692:
6691:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6658:
6657:
6656:
6655:
6645:
6640:
6628:
6626:Hittite Empire
6623:
6618:
6617:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6380:Amorite states
6376:
6371:
6365:
6363:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6307:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6286:
6285:
6278:
6271:
6263:
6254:
6253:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6187:People's Party
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6167:Qudud Halabiya
6164:
6162:Aleppo Vilayet
6159:
6154:
6152:Levant Company
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6068:
6066:
6060:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6011:
6009:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5950:
5948:
5941:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5921:Aleppo plateau
5918:
5913:
5908:
5906:Kurd Mountains
5903:
5898:
5893:
5887:
5885:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5850:Paul of Aleppo
5847:
5845:Omar Abu-Riche
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5825:Nazim al-Kudsi
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5795:Jerry Seinfeld
5792:
5790:Ibrahim Hananu
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5761:
5759:
5758:Notable people
5755:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5746:
5744:Liberty Square
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5674:
5672:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5647:Aleppo College
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5601:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5545:
5543:
5542:Historic gates
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5511:
5509:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5499:
5493:
5491:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5474:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5436:
5434:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5390:
5388:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5349:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5314:Bahsita Mosque
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5275:
5273:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5244:Al-Turantaiyah
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5163:Beit Achiqbash
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5108:Al-Madina Souq
5105:
5100:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5082:Sheikh Maqsood
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5053:
5051:
5050:Neighbourhoods
5047:
5046:
5032:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5009:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4989:
4988:
4981:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4909:
4904:
4898:
4896:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4856:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4772:
4770:
4769:Infrastructure
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4754:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4673:
4667:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4646:Syria (region)
4638:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4580:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4551:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4529:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4513:Prime Minister
4505:
4503:Vice President
4500:
4499:
4498:
4488:
4483:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4441:Southern Syria
4438:
4436:Syria (region)
4432:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4340:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4282:
4279:State of Syria
4276:
4268:French Mandate
4265:
4260:
4253:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4190:
4188:Saljuqid Syria
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4168:Zangid dynasty
4165:
4160:
4155:
4145:
4138:
4136:
4134:Medieval Syria
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4109:Seleucid Syria
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4030:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3982:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3970:Years in Syria
3967:
3961:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3937:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3894:
3893:External links
3891:
3889:
3888:
3882:
3869:
3852:
3846:
3833:
3816:
3795:
3789:
3776:
3762:
3749:
3743:
3730:
3716:
3703:
3689:
3676:
3670:
3657:
3651:
3638:
3624:
3607:
3590:
3584:
3571:
3565:
3552:
3546:
3533:
3527:
3514:
3508:
3495:
3489:
3476:
3470:
3457:
3432:
3426:
3413:
3407:
3394:
3388:
3375:
3369:
3356:
3350:
3337:
3331:
3318:
3312:
3299:
3293:
3280:
3274:
3261:
3255:
3242:
3228:
3215:
3201:
3188:
3182:
3169:
3163:
3146:
3140:
3127:
3121:
3108:
3102:
3089:
3083:
3070:
3033:
3027:
3014:
3008:
2995:
2974:
2968:
2955:
2949:
2936:
2930:
2917:
2911:
2898:
2892:
2879:
2873:
2860:
2854:
2841:
2835:
2822:
2816:
2802:
2785:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2735:
2719:
2703:
2695:Oldenburg 1969
2687:
2679:Oldenburg 1969
2671:
2655:
2639:
2618:
2602:
2586:
2570:
2543:
2527:
2511:
2495:
2474:
2466:Nathanson 2013
2458:
2442:
2430:
2414:
2395:
2393:, p. 109.
2391:van Soldt 2000
2383:
2367:
2348:
2332:
2316:
2304:
2302:, p. 107.
2300:van Soldt 2000
2292:
2276:
2274:, p. 106.
2272:van Soldt 2000
2264:
2248:
2232:
2216:
2200:
2184:
2168:
2152:
2137:
2118:
2102:
2081:
2065:
2049:
2033:
2017:
2001:
1985:
1969:
1953:
1937:
1918:
1902:
1883:
1867:
1865:, p. 121.
1852:
1840:
1815:
1799:
1783:
1764:
1748:
1732:
1716:
1689:
1670:
1654:
1638:
1609:
1593:
1574:
1558:
1556:, p. 131.
1546:
1530:
1514:
1498:
1482:
1463:
1447:
1431:
1423:Oldenburg 1969
1415:
1396:
1380:
1364:
1348:
1329:
1313:
1297:
1281:
1256:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1219:Yamhad dynasty
1216:
1210:
1209:
1193:
1190:
1142:Aleppo Citadel
1140:Hadad Temple,
1133:
1130:
1072:
1069:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:Possible son.
1006:
1003:
1000:
994:
993:
990:
987:
984:
978:
977:
974:
971:
968:
962:
961:
958:
955:
952:
946:
945:
942:
939:
936:
930:
929:
926:
923:
920:
914:
913:
910:
907:
904:
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
882:
881:
878:
875:
872:
866:
865:
862:
859:
856:
850:
849:
846:
843:
840:
834:
833:
830:
827:
824:
818:
817:
815:
812:
809:
803:
802:
799:
796:
793:
763:
760:
661:
658:
555:
506:Shamshi-Adad I
489:
486:
442:Old Babylonian
421:
418:
404:
401:
334:Yamhad dynasty
309:
308:
306:
305:
300:
294:
292:
288:
287:
284:
283:
280:
279:
272:
263:
260:
259:
254:
242:
241:
236:
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
213:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
179:
178:Historical era
175:
174:
171:
170:
165:
162:
159:
158:
153:
150:
147:
146:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
127:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
95:
91:
90:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
42:
41:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12414:
12403:
12400:
12398:
12395:
12393:
12390:
12388:
12385:
12383:
12380:
12378:
12375:
12373:
12370:
12368:
12367:Ancient Syria
12365:
12363:
12360:
12359:
12357:
12328:
12322:
12318:
12317:
12312:
12306:
12300:
12294:
12292:
12290:
12281:
12275:
12271:
12270:
12265:
12264:Roux, Georges
12259:
12251:
12245:
12241:
12240:
12235:
12228:
12220:
12214:
12206:
12202:
12198:
12192:
12183:
12179:
12175:
12172:
12168:
12162:
12158:
12153:
12150:
12149:
12143:
12142:
12136:
12135:
12128:
12127:
12124:
12119:
12114:
12110:
12105:
12101:
12098:
12095:
12092:
12091:Yazdegerd III
12089:
12086:
12083:
12080:
12077:
12074:
12071:
12068:
12065:
12062:
12057:
12056:
12048:
12045:
12042:
12038:
12034:
12033:
12027:
12024:
12023:Sahralanyozan
12021:
12017:
12012:
12005:
12004:
12001:
11996:
11991:
11987:
11982:
11978:
11975:
11974:
11966:
11963:
11958:
11953:
11948:
11944:
11941:
11940:
11932:
11929:
11926:
11923:
11919:
11918:
11911:
11910:
11907:
11904:
11901:
11898:
11895:
11892:
11889:
11886:
11883:
11880:
11877:
11874:
11871:
11868:
11865:
11862:
11859:
11856:
11853:
11850:
11847:
11844:
11841:
11838:
11835:
11832:
11829:
11826:
11823:
11816:
11811:
11807:
11806:
11799:
11798:
11795:
11792:
11789:
11786:
11783:
11780:
11779:Mithridates V
11777:
11776:Sinatruces II
11772:
11767:
11761:
11760:
11757:
11752:
11748:
11741:
11738:
11733:
11728:
11723:
11718:
11715:
11714:
11706:
11703:
11700:
11699:Artabanus III
11697:
11694:
11691:
11688:
11685:
11682:
11679:
11676:
11673:
11670:
11669:Tiridates III
11667:
11664:
11661:
11658:
11655:
11652:
11649:
11646:
11643:
11640:
11637:
11634:
11631:
11628:
11625:
11622:
11619:
11616:
11613:
11612:Mithridates I
11609:
11608:
11602:
11599:
11596:
11593:
11590:
11587:
11584:
11581:
11578:
11575:
11572:
11569:
11564:
11561:
11558:
11555:
11552:
11549:
11548:Aristobulus I
11546:
11545:John Hyrcanus
11543:
11539:
11538:
11531:
11530:
11527:
11524:
11521:
11518:
11515:
11514:Alexander III
11512:
11509:
11506:
11503:
11500:
11499:Antiochus III
11497:
11494:
11491:
11488:
11485:
11481:
11480:
11475:
11471:
11470:
11465:
11462:
11459:
11458:Alexander III
11455:
11454:
11446:
11441:
11436:
11433:
11430:
11427:
11424:
11421:
11418:
11415:
11412:
11409:
11406:
11403:
11400:
11397:
11394:
11393:Cleopatra III
11391:
11388:
11385:
11382:
11379:
11376:
11373:
11370:
11367:
11364:
11361:
11358:
11355:
11352:
11348:
11347:
11343:
11336:
11335:
11332:
11331:
11326:
11323:
11322:
11317:
11316:
11311:
11310:
11305:
11302:
11299:
11298:Artaxerxes IV
11296:
11293:
11292:Artaxerxes II
11290:
11287:
11284:
11281:
11278:
11275:
11271:
11270:
11263:
11257:
11253:
11252:Kings of Tyre
11249:
11243:
11238:
11237:
11229:
11226:
11223:
11220:
11217:
11214:
11210:
11209:
11208:Median Empire
11203:
11200:
11197:
11194:
11191:
11188:
11184:
11183:
11177:
11174:
11171:
11168:
11165:
11162:
11159:
11155:
11154:
11149:
11148:
11141:
11140:
11137:
11132:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11120:
11117:
11116:Sinsharishkun
11114:
11111:
11108:
11105:
11102:
11099:
11096:
11093:
11090:
11087:
11084:
11081:
11078:
11075:
11071:
11069:
11062:
11061:
11055:
11052:
11049:
11046:
11043:
11038:
11030:
11025:
11024:
11016:
11013:
11009:
11005:
11001:
10997:
10993:
10988:
10987:
10980:
10977:
10974:
10971:
10968:
10965:
10962:
10959:
10956:
10953:(five kings)
10952:
10949:
10946:
10943:
10940:
10937:
10934:
10931:
10927:
10921:
10915:
10912:
10911:Ashur-Dan III
10909:
10906:
10902:
10899:
10896:
10893:
10890:
10887:
10883:
10882:
10876:
10871:
10866:
10865:
10862:
10858:
10857:
10851:
10848:
10845:
10842:
10839:
10836:
10833:
10830:
10826:
10825:
10818:
10815:
10814:
10810:
10807:
10804:
10801:
10798:
10795:
10792:
10789:
10786:
10782:
10781:
10774:
10773:
10770:
10767:
10764:
10761:
10758:
10755:
10752:
10751:Ea-mukin-zeri
10749:
10748:Simbar-shipak
10745:
10740:1025–934 BCE
10739:
10738:
10734:
10729:
10726:
10723:
10720:
10717:
10714:
10711:
10708:
10705:
10702:
10699:
10695:
10693:
10686:
10683:
10680:
10677:
10676:Ashur-rabi II
10674:
10671:
10668:
10665:
10662:
10661:Eriba-Adad II
10659:
10656:
10653:
10650:
10647:
10644:
10641:
10638:
10635:
10632:
10629:
10626:
10623:
10622:Shalmaneser I
10620:
10619:Adad-nirari I
10617:
10614:
10611:
10608:
10604:
10603:
10597:
10596:
10590:
10586:
10582:
10578:
10574:
10573:
10567:
10563:
10562:Kings of Tyre
10559:
10555:
10554:
10548:
10547:
10544:
10541:
10538:
10535:
10532:
10529:
10525:
10524:
10518:
10517:
10511:
10508:
10505:
10502:
10501:Ramesses VIII
10499:
10496:
10493:
10490:
10487:
10484:
10479:
10478:
10471:
10470:
10467:
10463:
10462:
10457:
10456:
10450:
10447:
10444:
10441:
10438:
10435:
10432:
10429:
10425:
10424:
10419:
10416:
10411:
10410:
10404:
10401:
10398:
10395:
10392:
10391:
10387:
10384:
10383:Amenhotep III
10381:
10378:
10374:
10371:
10368:
10365:
10362:
10358:
10355:
10352:
10348:
10347:
10342:
10341:
10334:
10329:
10326:
10323:
10320:
10317:
10314:
10311:
10308:
10305:
10302:
10299:
10296:
10293:
10290:
10287:
10284:
10281:
10278:
10275:
10272:
10269:
10266:
10263:
10260:
10257:
10254:
10251:
10247:
10245:
10237:
10231:
10228:
10224:
10223:
10218:
10217:
10209:
10201:
10198:
10195:
10192:
10186:
10185:
10179:
10176:
10173:
10170:
10167:
10166:
10162:
10161:
10152:
10146:
10141:
10140:
10134:
10133:
10129:
10128:
10123:
10119:
10118:
10113:
10109:
10108:
10103:
10102:
10096:
10093:
10090:
10089:Melamkurkurra
10087:
10083:
10082:Ayadaragalama
10080:
10077:
10073:
10070:
10067:
10063:
10060:
10059:Itti-ili-nibi
10057:
10053:
10051:
10040:
10035:
10032:
10029:
10026:
10023:
10020:
10017:
10014:
10011:
10008:
10005:
10002:
9998:
9996:
9989:
9982:
9976:
9975:
9972:
9969:
9966:
9963:
9960:
9957:
9954:
9953:Ashur-shaduni
9951:
9948:
9947:Enlil-nasir I
9945:
9942:
9939:
9936:
9933:
9930:
9927:
9924:
9921:
9918:
9915:
9912:
9911:Sharma-Adad I
9909:
9906:
9902:1700–722 BCE)
9900:
9894:
9891:
9888:
9885:
9882:
9879:
9876:
9873:
9864:
9861:
9858:
9855:
9852:
9849:
9846:
9843:
9840:
9837:
9834:
9833:Ishme-Dagan I
9831:
9822:
9816:
9815:
9806:
9801:
9800:
9794:
9790:
9789:Kings of Tyre
9786:
9781:
9776:
9771:
9770:
9765:
9764:
9756:
9753:
9750:
9747:
9746:Amenemhat III
9744:
9741:
9738:
9735:
9732:
9728:
9727:
9722:
9719:
9714:
9713:
9706:
9702:
9698:
9694:
9690:
9687:
9684:
9681:
9678:
9675:
9672:
9669:
9666:
9663:
9660:
9657:
9654:
9651:
9647:
9643:
9640:
9637:
9634:
9631:
9628:
9625:
9622:
9619:
9616:
9613:
9610:
9607:
9604:
9601:
9597:
9596:
9589:
9583:
9578:
9577:
9571:
9567:
9563:
9559:
9555:
9551:
9547:
9543:
9539:
9538:Puzur-Ashur I
9535:
9534:
9527:
9523:
9520:
9517:
9514:
9509:
9504:
9503:
9497:
9489:
9485:
9480:
9477:
9471:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9445:
9444:Third Eblaite
9440:
9437:
9436:Mentuhotep IV
9434:
9431:
9430:Mentuhotep II
9428:
9425:
9422:
9419:
9415:
9414:
9409:
9408:
9403:
9399:
9395:
9391:
9389:
9383:
9378:
9376:
9368:
9365:
9362:
9359:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9340:
9339:
9331:
9327:
9323:
9319:
9310:
9309:
9306:
9302:
9300:
9294:
9291:
9288:
9287:Wahkare Khety
9285:
9282:
9278:
9277:
9270:
9269:
9266:
9261:
9258:
9254:
9250:
9243:
9239:
9235:
9228:
9224:
9222:
9214:
9210:
9206:
9201:
9197:
9190:
9189:
9183:
9179:
9174:
9169:
9165:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9155:Ur III period
9150:
9147:
9144:
9143:Neferkare VII
9141:
9137:
9136:
9128:
9125:
9121:
9117:
9113:
9107:
9103:
9099:
9095:
9091:
9090:Ur-Ningirsu I
9087:
9083:
9081:
9073:
9069:
9065:
9063:
9057:
9053:
9048:
9044:
9040:
9036:
9032:
9029:
9021:
9017:
9013:
9006:
9001:
9000:
8994:
8991:
8984:
8981:
8978:
8975:
8972:
8969:
8966:
8963:
8960:
8957:
8954:
8951:
8948:
8945:
8942:
8939:
8935:
8934:
8929:
8928:
8923:
8922:
8914:
8909:
8903:
8898:
8894:
8888:
8887:
8884:
8880:
8876:
8872:
8868:
8863:
8860:
8857:
8852:
8851:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8835:
8831:
8826:
8822:
8820:
8814:
8810:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8797:
8794:
8789:
8785:
8780:
8773:
8767:
8763:
8759:
8754:
8748:
8747:
8742:
8738:
8736:
8729:
8724:
8721:
8718:
8715:
8712:
8709:
8706:
8702:
8701:
8694:
8693:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8679:
8677:
8673:
8671:
8667:
8663:
8659:
8656:
8653:
8648:
8644:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8625:Lugal-kisalsi
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8612:
8608:
8604:
8602:
8598:
8596:
8592:
8588:
8585:
8582:
8581:
8575:
8570:
8566:
8561:
8558:
8555:
8554:
8551:
8547:
8537:
8534:
8533:
8530:
8526:
8521:
8517:
8512:
8509:
8506:
8503:
8500:
8497:
8494:
8491:
8488:
8483:
8482:
8474:
8471:
8467:
8463:
8459:
8455:
8454:
8448:
8444:
8440:
8436:
8431:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8413:
8407:
8402:
8400:
8394:
8389:
8383:
8381:
8375:
8371:
8367:
8366:
8360:
8356:
8351:
8347:
8343:
8339:
8335:
8331:
8324:
8319:
8315:
8310:
8309:
8302:
8296:
8295:
8290:
8286:
8285:
8279:
8278:
8274:
8271:
8268:
8267:
8263:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8247:
8243:
8242:
8237:
8236:
8229:
8228:
8223:
8219:
8215:
8211:
8210:
8204:
8203:
8199:
8195:
8191:
8186:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8159:
8155:
8151:
8150:
8144:
8138:
8134:
8133:
8127:
8126:
8122:
8118:
8112:
8108:
8102:
8100:
8092:
8088:
8084:
8080:
8076:
8072:
8068:
8063:
8060:
8059:
8055:
8052:
8051:
8047:
8044:
8039:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8022:
8014:
8011:
8004:
8003:
7996:
7991:
7987:
7981:
7976:
7972:
7968:
7964:
7960:
7957:
7956:
7952:
7946:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7933:
7924:
7920:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7904:
7899:
7896:
7895:
7890:
7888:
7882:
7881:
7878:
7874:
7871:
7867:
7864:
7861:
7857:
7854:
7851:
7845:
7840:
7837:
7836:
7832:
7828:
7824:
7819:
7818:Nangishlishma
7815:
7811:
7806:
7804:
7797:
7796:
7789:
7786:
7785:First Eblaite
7781:
7777:
7771:
7766:
7763:
7762:
7758:
7757:
7753:
7752:
7748:
7745:
7744:Seth-Peribsen
7742:
7741:
7737:
7736:
7732:
7731:
7727:
7726:
7722:
7721:
7717:
7716:
7712:
7709:
7706:
7705:Hotepsekhemwy
7701:
7700:
7692:
7686:
7681:
7680:
7675:
7674:
7673:Proto-Elamite
7666:
7665:
7659:
7654:
7653:
7649:
7648:
7644:
7641:
7638:
7635:
7631:
7628:
7625:
7622:
7618:
7615:
7612:
7604:
7600:
7599:
7594:
7593:
7585:
7581:
7580:
7576:
7575:Double Falcon
7573:
7572:
7568:
7567:
7563:
7562:
7558:
7557:
7553:
7552:
7548:
7547:
7543:
7542:
7538:
7537:
7533:
7532:
7528:
7527:
7522:
7521:
7515:
7511:
7508:
7507:
7503:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7492:
7491:
7487:
7486:
7482:
7481:
7477:
7476:
7472:
7469:
7468:
7464:
7463:
7459:
7458:
7453:
7452:
7447:
7441:
7436:
7435:
7427:
7421:
7416:
7408:
7402:
7396:
7388:
7387:
7381:
7378:
7372:
7367:
7361:
7356:
7355:
7350:
7349:
7341:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7263:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7252:
7248:
7240:
7235:
7233:
7228:
7226:
7221:
7220:
7217:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7190:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7108:
7104:
7100:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7088:
7087:Classical Age
7084:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7051:
7050:
7046:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7031:
7028:
7027:
7026:
7025:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6981:
6980:
6977:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6909:
6908:
6907:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6848:Aram-Damascus
6846:
6845:
6844:
6843:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6829:
6825:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6769:
6768:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6697:
6694:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6685:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6679:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6633:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6486:
6485:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6406:First Babylon
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6362:
6358:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6284:
6279:
6277:
6272:
6270:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6251:
6246:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6147:Aleppo Eyalet
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6061:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6025:Al-Yarmouk SC
6023:
6021:
6020:Al-Hurriya SC
6018:
6016:
6015:Al-Ittihad SC
6013:
6012:
6010:
6006:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5945:
5942:
5938:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5916:Mount al-Hass
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5756:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5729:Farhat Square
5727:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5678:Al-Sabil Park
5676:
5675:
5673:
5671:Entertainment
5669:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5596:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5569:Bab Qinnasrin
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5559:Bab al-Nairab
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5520:Bethel Church
5518:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5426:
5422:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5376:
5366:
5365:Tawhid Mosque
5363:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5351:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5249:Al-Uthmaniyah
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5239:Al-Sultaniyah
5237:
5235:
5234:Al-Sharafiyah
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5158:Beit Ghazaleh
5156:
5154:
5153:Beit Junblatt
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5062:Bab al-Nairab
5060:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5039:
5030:
5025:
5023:
5018:
5016:
5011:
5010:
5007:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4782:
4779:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4761:
4755:
4753:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4654:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4618:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4581:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4420:Syrian Desert
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4400:Golan Heights
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4320:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4239:
4238:Ottoman Syria
4236:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4215:Ayyubid Syria
4213:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4183:Fatimid Syria
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4084:Aram-Damascus
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4026:Ancient Syria
4023:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3996:Halaf culture
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3935:
3930:
3928:
3923:
3921:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3885:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3839:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3783:. Routledge.
3782:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3558:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3539:
3534:
3530:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3463:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3363:. Routledge.
3362:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3287:. Routledge.
3286:
3281:
3277:
3271:
3267:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2933:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2870:
2867:. Routledge.
2866:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2828:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2764:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2684:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2664:
2663:Gonnella 2010
2659:
2652:
2648:
2647:Gonnella 2006
2643:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2508:
2504:
2499:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2440:, p. 51.
2439:
2434:
2427:
2423:
2422:Teissier 1996
2418:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2392:
2387:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2364:
2360:
2359:Liverani 2013
2355:
2353:
2345:
2341:
2340:Schwartz 2013
2336:
2329:
2325:
2324:Schwartz 2013
2320:
2314:, p. 19.
2313:
2308:
2301:
2296:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2273:
2268:
2261:
2257:
2256:Teissier 1996
2252:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2208:Teissier 1996
2204:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2150:, p. 92.
2149:
2144:
2142:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1934:
1930:
1929:Liverani 2013
1925:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1849:
1844:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1807:Lauinger 2015
1803:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1662:Matthiae 2003
1658:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1635:
1631:
1630:Liverani 2013
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1601:Schwartz 2013
1597:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1555:
1550:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1507:
1506:Liverani 2013
1502:
1495:
1491:
1490:Schwartz 2010
1486:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1361:
1357:
1356:Pfälzner 2012
1352:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1254:, p. 44.
1253:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1239:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1138:
1129:
1127:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1101:Mediterranean
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1044:Mesopotamia.
1042:
1038:
1034:
1026:
1021:
1007:
1004:
1001:
999:
998:Ilim-Ilimma I
996:
995:
991:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
975:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
959:
956:
953:
951:
950:Hammurabi III
948:
947:
943:
940:
937:
935:
934:Yarim-Lim III
932:
931:
927:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
911:
908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
895:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
879:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
863:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
847:
844:
841:
839:
836:
835:
831:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
816:
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
800:
797:
794:
791:
790:
783:
775:
771:
769:
759:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
739:Ilim-Ilimma I
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
715:
712:
708:
703:
699:
698:Hammurabi III
695:
690:
688:
684:
679:
678:Yarim-Lim III
672:(c. 1600 BC).
671:
666:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
620:
616:
612:
607:
603:
599:
595:
589:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
562:the ruler of
561:
554:
552:
547:
543:
539:
538:Ibal-pi-el II
535:
531:
527:
523:
520:, whose king
519:
514:
512:
507:
499:
494:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
444:period, when
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
420:Establishment
417:
415:
411:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
293:
291:Today part of
289:
277:
273:
271:
268:
267:
264:
258:
255:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
227:
223:
219:
214:
210:
206:
200:
196:
190:
186:
183:
180:
176:
172:
169:
168:Ilim-Ilimma I
166:
160:
157:
154:
148:
145:
142:
136:
132:
128:
125:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
92:
87:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
53:
48:
43:
33:
30:
19:
12315:
12305:
12269:Ancient Iraq
12268:
12258:
12238:
12227:
12213:
12204:
12191:
12182:
12146:
12139:
12132:
12061:Ardashir III
12053:
12030:
11971:
11939:Roman Empire
11937:
11915:
11873:Yazdegerd II
11803:
11794:Artabanus IV
11791:Vologases VI
11782:Vologases IV
11713:Roman Empire
11711:
11696:Vologases II
11672:Artabanus II
11666:Artabanus II
11651:Tiridates II
11639:Phraates III
11605:
11542:Simon Thassi
11535:
11517:Demetrius II
11505:Antiochus IV
11496:Seleucus III
11490:Antiochus II
11477:
11467:
11464:Alexander IV
11451:
11439:
11423:Ptolemy XIII
11405:Berenice III
11399:Cleopatra IV
11340:
11337:331–141 BCE
11328:
11319:
11313:
11307:
11286:Artaxerxes I
11267:
11234:
11231:539–331 BCE
11206:
11187:Nabopolassar
11180:
11151:
11145:
11142:626–539 BCE
11110:Ashurbanipal
11065:
11064:
11058:
11021:
11018:745–609 BCE
10984:
10964:Eriba-Marduk
10925:
10879:
10854:
10822:
10821:
10811:
10800:Shoshenq III
10778:
10775:911–745 BCE
10743:
10725:Marduk-zer-X
10689:
10685:Ashur-dan II
10616:Arik-den-ili
10613:Enlil-nirari
10607:Eriba-Adad I
10600:
10593:
10570:
10551:
10546:Psusennes II
10521:
10520:
10514:
10498:Ramesses VII
10486:Ramesses III
10475:
10459:
10453:
10421:
10407:
10388:
10377:Amenhotep II
10370:Thutmose III
10344:
10338:
10335:
10286:Kurigalzu II
10280:Kara-hardash
10250:Agum-Kakrime
10241:
10220:
10214:
10182:
10165:'Aper-'Anati
10163:
10158:
10137:
10131:
10125:
10121:
10115:
10111:
10105:
10099:
10098:
10062:Damqi-ilishu
10045:
10034:Samsu-Ditana
10016:Sin-muballit
10007:Sin-muballit
9986:
9956:Ashur-rabi I
9821:Shamshi-Adad
9818:
9812:
9798:
9797:
9767:
9761:
9749:Amenemhat IV
9743:Senusret III
9737:Amenemhat II
9724:
9710:
9696:
9645:
9642:Damiq-ilishu
9612:Lipit-Eshtar
9593:
9574:
9531:
9499:
9495:
9479:Shakkanakkus
9442:
9418:Mentuhotep I
9411:
9405:
9386:
9373:
9336:
9330:Puzur-Ishtar
9297:
9292:
9274:
9227:Lugalannatum
9219:
9186:
9153:
9133:
9112:Hishep-Ratep
9078:
9060:
8997:
8987:
8941:Neferkare II
8931:
8925:
8919:
8866:
8848:
8838:
8817:
8770:Invasion by
8733:
8698:
8674:
8666:Enannatum II
8630:E-iginimpa'e
8599:
8591:Igrish-Halam
8502:Nyuserre Ini
8479:
8453:Awan dynasty
8451:
8410:
8397:
8378:
8363:
8354:
8338:Ishtup-Ishar
8318:Iku-Shamagan
8314:Ikun-Shamash
8306:
8284:Ur I dynasty
8282:
8275:
8264:
8239:
8233:
8207:
8188:
8147:
8130:
8115:
8097:
8056:
8048:
8019:
8000:
7963:Enmebaragesi
7949:
7930:
7901:
7892:
7885:
7848:
7843:
7823:En-tarah-ana
7808:
7801:
7793:
7783:
7759:
7756:Neferkasokar
7754:
7749:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7697:
7677:
7671:
7662:
7650:
7645:
7596:
7590:
7577:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7518:
7504:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7457:Finger Snail
7455:
7449:
7432:
7401:Anu Ziggurat
7384:
7352:
7346:
7264:Territories/
7103:Roman Empire
7095:Ancient Rome
7047:
7022:
6904:
6840:
6808:
6764:
6740:
6676:
6630:
6482:
6460:
6378:
6321:Chagar Bazar
6112:Aleppo Codex
6081:
5901:Mount Simeon
5896:Dhahab River
5865:Sabah Fakhri
5810:Louay Kayali
5800:Joseph Safra
5598:Culture and
5584:Bab al-Faraj
5579:Bab al-Jinan
5574:Bab Antakeya
5564:Bab al-Maqam
5554:Bab al-Ahmar
5549:Bab al-Hadid
5254:Al-Zahiriyah
5219:Al-Kameliyah
5214:Al-Halawiyah
5204:Al-Ahmadiyah
4907:Coat of arms
4829:Demographics
4729:Central Bank
4610: /
4571:High council
4554:Human rights
4481:Constitution
4359:Governorates
4257:Arab kingdom
4249:Modern Syria
4221:Mamluk Syria
4149:
4063:
3873:
3856:
3837:
3820:
3803:
3799:
3780:
3753:
3734:
3707:
3680:
3661:
3642:
3615:
3594:
3575:
3556:
3537:
3518:
3499:
3480:
3461:
3436:
3417:
3398:
3379:
3360:
3341:
3322:
3303:
3284:
3265:
3246:
3219:
3192:
3173:
3154:
3131:
3112:
3093:
3074:
3041:
3037:
3018:
2999:
2987:. Retrieved
2983:the original
2959:
2940:
2921:
2902:
2883:
2864:
2845:
2826:
2806:
2789:
2772:
2768:
2738:
2722:
2706:
2690:
2674:
2658:
2642:
2631:Taracha 2009
2610:Fleming 2000
2605:
2589:
2573:
2530:
2514:
2498:
2461:
2445:
2433:
2417:
2386:
2375:Feldman 2007
2370:
2335:
2319:
2307:
2295:
2279:
2267:
2251:
2235:
2219:
2203:
2187:
2171:
2155:
2105:
2068:
2052:
2041:Hamblin 2006
2036:
2020:
2004:
1988:
1972:
1961:Hamblin 2006
1956:
1940:
1905:
1894:Hamblin 2006
1870:
1863:Wiseman 1967
1843:
1832:Hamblin 2006
1802:
1791:Charpin 2010
1786:
1756:Thuesen 2000
1751:
1735:
1724:Charpin 2011
1719:
1708:Hamblin 2006
1657:
1641:
1596:
1561:
1549:
1533:
1522:Wossink 2009
1517:
1501:
1485:
1450:
1434:
1418:
1388:Hamblin 2006
1383:
1367:
1351:
1340:Hawkins 2000
1316:
1300:
1289:Hamblin 2006
1284:
1182:
1170:
1147:
1117:
1109:Persian Gulf
1105:
1074:
1057:
1050:
1046:
1030:
918:Hammurabi II
870:Yarim-Lim II
765:
716:
691:
675:
642:Shubat Enlil
623:
591:
585:
557:
515:
504:The rise of
503:
439:
423:
406:
370:
317:
313:
312:
239:Succeeded by
238:
233:
221:1750 BC est.
29:
12201:Simpson, W.
12129:639–651 CE
12076:Azarmidokht
12067:Khosrow III
12050:628–641 CE
12006:618–628 CE
11968:395–618 CE
11934:273–395 CE
11922:Vaballathus
11912:270–273 CE
11876:Hormizd III
11861:Yazdegerd I
11852:Ardashir II
11846:Adur Narseh
11800:224–270 CE
11788:Vologases V
11762:117–224 CE
11743:116–117 CE
11690:Vardanes II
11687:Vologases I
11678:Gotarzes II
11648:Phraates IV
11618:Hyspaosines
11557:Hyrcanus II
11532:141–30 BCE
11511:Demetrius I
11508:Antiochus V
11502:Seleucus IV
11493:Seleucus II
11487:Antiochus I
11474:Antigonus I
11426:Ptolemy XIV
11414:Cleopatra V
11196:Neriglissar
11193:Amel-Marduk
11176:Psamtik III
11147:Late Period
11086:Sennacherib
11077:Shalmaneser
11004:Tammaritu I
10901:Shammuramat
10844:Takelot III
10841:Osorkon III
10838:Shoshenq VI
10813:Pedubast II
10803:Shoshenq IV
10791:Shoshenq II
10640:Ashur-dan I
10581:Ish-bosheth
10534:Psusennes I
10510:Ramesses XI
10504:Ramesses IX
10495:Ramesses VI
10489:Ramesses IV
10434:Ramesses II
10397:Tutankhamun
10380:Thutmose IV
10364:Thutmose II
10298:Kudur-Enlil
10283:Nazi-Bugash
10271:Kurigalzu I
10259:Ulamburiash
10230:Amenhotep I
10211:Tutankhamun
10197:Parshatatar
10194:Shuttarna I
10127:Seventeenth
10056:Ilum-ma-ili
10031:Ammi-saduqa
10028:Ammi-ditana
10022:Samsu-iluna
9929:Erishum III
9890:Adad-salulu
9887:Ipqi-Ishtar
9875:Ashur-dugul
9860:Adad-salulu
9857:Ipqi-Ishtar
9845:Ashur-dugul
9814:Old Assyria
9809:(Amorites)
9752:Sobekneferu
9740:Senusret II
9731:Amenemhat I
9703:Sîn-iribam
9680:Sin-Iqisham
9674:Sin-Iddinam
9624:Erra-imitti
9621:Lipit-Enlil
9609:Ishme-Dagan
9606:Iddin-Dagan
9542:Shalim-ahum
9533:Old Assyria
9519:Yasmah-Adad
9496:Lim Dynasty
9488:Hanun-Dagan
9484:Hitial-Erra
9249:Ur-Ningirsu
9205:Kuda (Uruk)
9178:Ishgum-Addu
9168:Ishtup-Ilum
9020:Ishma-Dagan
9005:Shakkanakku
8983:Neferirkare
8980:Neferkauhor
8883:Ili-ishmani
8862:Manishtushu
8825:Lugalzagesi
8821:III dynasty
8805:Puzur-Nirah
8520:Ishar-Malik
8499:Shepseskare
8289:Mesannepada
8214:Nin-kisalsi
8202:Lugal-kitun
8172:Meskalamdug
8158:Ur-Pabilsag
7971:Aga of Kish
7880:Barsal-nuna
7765:Khasekhemwy
7751:Neferkara I
7730:Weneg-Nebty
7708:Nebra/Raneb
7520:Lower Egypt
7506:Scorpion II
7451:Upper Egypt
7403:, 4000 BCE)
7386:Uruk period
6868:Bit Bahiani
6653:Tell Hadidi
6102:Dead Cities
6097:Aleppo soap
5911:Mount Barsa
5891:Queiq River
5870:Saint Maron
5708:Shahba Mall
5698:Club d'Alep
5589:Bab al-Nasr
5173:Baron Hotel
4724:Agriculture
4681:air defense
4641:Nationalism
4301:(1950–1963)
4240:(1516–1918)
4223:(1260–1516)
4217:(1174–1260)
4114:Roman Syria
4006:Abu Hureyra
4001:Uruk period
2745:, pp.
2594:Foster 2009
2519:Sicker 2003
2487:Kupper 1973
2438:Dalley 2002
2312:Astour 1989
2284:Frayne 1990
2240:Frayne 1990
2224:Frayne 1990
2192:Frayne 1990
2176:Astour 1981
2160:Podany 2010
2148:Astour 1989
2129:Collon 1995
2110:Drower 1973
2094:Astour 1969
2009:Burney 2004
1963:, pp.
1945:Collon 1995
1875:Miller 1995
1848:Claire 2017
1775:Sasson 1969
1681:Pitard 2001
1585:Pitard 2001
1566:Frayne 1990
1538:Sasson 1969
1508:, pp.
1474:Miller 1995
1455:Frayne 1990
1321:Grabbe 2007
1305:Pioske 2015
1273:Astour 1981
1252:Dalley 2002
1206:Asia portal
1126:Ammi-Saduqa
1121:Samsu-iluna
1081:Mesopotamia
838:Hammurabi I
822:Yarim-Lim I
743:Parshatatar
702:Hattusili I
626:Hammurabi I
530:Yarim-Lim I
526:Yasmah-Adad
354:Mesopotamia
350:Yarim-Lim I
234:Preceded by
156:Yarim-Lim I
12356:Categories
12085:Khosrow IV
12082:Hormizd VI
12064:Shahrbaraz
12041:Khosrow II
12026:Shahrbaraz
12020:Shahrbaraz
11900:Khosrow II
11897:Hormizd IV
11855:Shapur III
11843:Hormizd II
11837:Bahram III
11822:Ardashir I
11693:Pacorus II
11684:Vonones II
11681:Meherdates
11675:Vardanes I
11660:Orodes III
11657:Phraates V
11636:Sinatruces
11484:Seleucus I
11461:Philip III
11435:Arsinoe IV
11360:Arsinoe II
11301:Darius III
11167:Psamtik II
11107:Esarhaddon
11000:Ummanigash
10970:Nabonassar
10864:Bakenranef
10835:Pedubast I
10832:Takelot II
10829:Harsiese A
10817:Osorkon IV
10809:Shoshenq V
10797:Osorkon II
10785:Shoshenq I
10531:Amenemnisu
10507:Ramesses X
10492:Ramesses V
10440:Amenmesses
10428:Ramesses I
10390:Smenkhkare
10367:Hatshepsut
10361:Thutmose I
10265:Karaindash
10004:Sumu-la-El
9836:Mut-Ashkur
9827:(Amorites)
9734:Senusret I
9693:Rim-Sin II
9683:Silli-Adad
9677:Sin-Eribam
9639:Suen-magir
9636:Ur-du-kuga
9633:Iter-pisha
9627:Enlil-bani
9615:Ur-Ninurta
9603:Shu-Ilishu
9600:Ishbi-Erra
9570:Erishum II
9516:Yahdun-Lim
9513:Yaggid-Lim
9326:Tura-Dagan
9305:Utu-hengal
9281:Meryhathor
9257:Nam-mahani
9223:II dynasty
9192:(21 kings)
9086:Puzer-Mama
9082:II dynasty
9064:IV dynasty
8977:Neferkaure
8974:Qakare Ibi
8965:Neferkahor
8956:Neferkamin
8875:Ilshu-rabi
8766:Ishqi-Mari
8762:Ikun-Ishar
8758:Enna-Dagan
8678:II dynasty
8652:Bara-irnun
8607:Puzur-Suen
8603:IV dynasty
8595:Irkab-Damu
8540:(3 kings)
8466:Ukkutahesh
8439:Meskiagnun
8435:A'annepada
8382:II dynasty
8277:Thamphthis
8273:Shepseskaf
8222:Lugal-dalu
8121:Udulkalama
8101:II dynasty
8043:Sekhemkhet
7951:Lugalbanda
7877:Melem-Kish
7873:En-me-nuna
7658:Canaanites
7652:Horus Bird
7617:Neithhotep
7490:Scorpion I
7440:Naqada III
7055:Carchemish
7036:Nabataeans
6853:Aram Rehob
6621:Carchemish
6431:Third Mari
6411:Third Ebla
6361:Bronze Age
6316:Tell Halaf
6303:Copper Age
6045:Ouroube SC
5770:Al-Ma'arri
5652:École Amal
5507:Protestant
5416:(Maronite)
5209:Al-Firdaws
5183:Villa Rose
4942:television
4824:Censorship
4751:(currency)
4583:Parliament
4542:Iskandaron
4486:Corruption
4049:Canaanites
2989:January 1,
2808:Literature
2790:Orientalia
2769:Orientalia
2729:, p.
2727:Green 2003
2713:, p.
2711:Green 2003
2697:, p.
2681:, p.
2665:, p.
2649:, p.
2633:, p.
2612:, p.
2596:, p.
2580:, p.
2564:, p.
2537:, p.
2521:, p.
2505:, p.
2503:Zohar 2013
2489:, p.
2468:, p.
2452:, p.
2424:, p.
2408:, p.
2406:Burke 2013
2377:, p.
2361:, p.
2342:, p.
2326:, p.
2286:, p.
2258:, p.
2242:, p.
2226:, p.
2210:, p.
2194:, p.
2178:, p.
2162:, p.
2131:, p.
2112:, p.
2096:, p.
2075:, p.
2073:Bryce 1999
2059:, p.
2057:Payne 2012
2043:, p.
2027:, p.
2025:Bryce 1999
2011:, p.
1995:, p.
1993:Bryce 2014
1979:, p.
1977:Bryce 1999
1947:, p.
1931:, p.
1912:, p.
1910:Bryce 2014
1896:, p.
1877:, p.
1834:, p.
1809:, p.
1793:, p.
1777:, p.
1758:, p.
1742:, p.
1726:, p.
1710:, p.
1683:, p.
1664:, p.
1648:, p.
1646:Bryce 2009
1632:, p.
1603:, p.
1587:, p.
1568:, p.
1540:, p.
1524:, p.
1492:, p.
1476:, p.
1457:, p.
1441:, p.
1439:Bryce 2014
1425:, p.
1409:, p.
1407:Feliu 2003
1390:, p.
1374:, p.
1372:Archi 1994
1358:, p.
1342:, p.
1323:, p.
1307:, p.
1291:, p.
1275:, p.
1230:References
982:Abba-El II
941:Great King
925:Great King
909:Great King
893:Great King
886:Niqmi-Epuh
877:Great King
861:Great King
845:Great King
829:Great King
753:, fled to
687:Great King
619:Great King
498:Niqmi-Epuh
482:Carchemish
462:Yahdun-Lim
377:Bronze Age
207:c. 1517 BC
197:c. 1810 BC
182:Bronze Age
124:Great King
109:Government
12197:Hallo, W.
12094:Peroz III
11928:Antiochus
11894:Khosrow I
11864:Shapur IV
11858:Bahram IV
11849:Shapur II
11834:Bahram II
11828:Hormizd I
11785:Osroes II
11663:Vonones I
11645:Orodes II
11621:Artabanus
11289:Darius II
11216:Phraortes
11202:Nabonidus
11173:Ahmose II
11161:Psamtik I
11054:Tanutamun
10903:(regent)
10794:Takelot I
10788:Osorkon I
10553:Phoenicia
10537:Amenemope
10483:Setnakhte
10437:Merneptah
10386:Akhenaten
10169:Sakir-Har
10107:Sixteenth
10086:Akurduana
10072:Gulkishar
10069:Shushushi
10025:Abi-eshuh
10019:Hammurabi
10001:Sumu-abum
9923:Shu-Ninua
9914:Iptar-Sin
9884:Sin-namir
9881:Nasir-Sin
9872:Puzur-Sin
9854:Sin-namir
9851:Nasir-Sin
9705:Sîn-gāmil
9701:Sîn-kāšid
9689:Rim-Sin I
9686:Warad-Sin
9566:Naram-Sin
9550:Erishum I
9546:Ilu-shuma
9522:Zimri-Lim
9470:Indilimma
9457:Ibbit-Lim
9427:Intef III
9390:invasions
9377:invasions
9322:Ili-Ishar
9318:Iddi-ilum
9311:2100 BCE
9301:V dynasty
9271:2125 BCE
9209:Puzur-ili
9196:La-erabum
9130:2150 BCE
9056:Shu-turul
9049:(3 years)
9016:Shu-Dagan
8916:2200 BCE
8893:Naram-Sin
8889:2250 BCE
8833:2340 BCE
8799:2350 BCE
8793:Luh-ishan
8788:Urukagina
8784:Lugalanda
8753:Isar-Damu
8749:2370 BCE
8695:2380 BCE
8670:Enentarzi
8658:Enannatum
8647:Gishakidu
8611:Ur-Zababa
8587:Adub-Damu
8583:2400 BCE
8556:2425 BCE
8550:Napilhush
8538:invasions
8516:Enar-Damu
8496:Neferefre
8476:2450 BCE
8419:Ur-Nanshe
8414:I dynasty
8401:I dynasty
8342:Ikun-Mari
8301:Phoenicia
8297:2500 BCE
8230:2575 BCE
8198:Melamanna
8182:Akalamdug
8154:A-Imdugud
8117:Ur-Nungal
8104:(5 kings)
8091:Baba-Damu
8087:Ibbi-Damu
8016:2600 BCE
7986:Gilgamesh
7944:Iltasadum
7915:2700 BCE
7889:I dynasty
7842:2800 BCE
7805:I dynasty
7761:Hudjefa I
7694:2900 BCE
7640:Semerkhet
7632:(regent)
7619:(regent)
7526:Hedju Hor
7354:Naqada II
7148:Macedonia
7113:Commagene
7041:Qedarites
6979:Phoenicia
6947:Philistia
6863:Bit Agusi
6858:Bit-Adini
6700:Tall Bazi
6594:Phoenicia
6564:Jerusalem
6416:Ekallatum
6122:Mirdasids
6117:Hamdanids
6092:Bit Agusi
5600:education
4884:Squatting
4859:refugees
4834:Education
4793:Transport
4734:Companies
4676:Air force
4653:Terrorism
4566:Judiciary
4527:Elections
4491:President
4395:Euphrates
4385:Al-Jazira
4369:Volcanoes
4354:Districts
4328:Geography
4305:Civil war
4295:(1946–50)
4287:(1930–46)
4281:(1925–30)
4275:(1922–25)
3812:1378-5087
3772:0169-9024
3726:1422-4399
3699:1619-0874
3634:1566-2055
3445:0419-4233
3344:. Brill.
3238:0732-2992
3211:1385-7827
3066:155180456
3058:0066-1546
2798:557711946
2781:557711946
2450:Owen 2000
1740:Dodd 2007
1235:Citations
1097:Euphrates
854:Abba-El I
807:Sumu-Epuh
719:Mursili I
683:Ammitakum
654:Yarim-Lim
646:Abba-El I
560:Hammurabi
534:Hammurabi
522:Ishi-Addu
511:Zimri-Lim
446:Sumu-Epuh
431:Holy City
144:Sumu-Epuh
94:Religion
12313:(2014).
12266:(1992).
12236:(2020).
12203:(1971).
12044:Kavad II
11870:Bahram V
11831:Bahram I
11825:Shapur I
11702:Osroes I
11633:Orodes I
11627:Gotarzes
11615:Phraates
11280:Darius I
11277:Cambyses
11225:Astyages
11222:Cyaxares
11164:Necho II
11095:Bel-ibni
11045:Shebitku
11008:Indabibi
10861:Tefnakht
10403:Horemheb
10262:Agum III
10244:Kassites
10227:Ahmose I
10092:Ea-gamil
10076:DIŠ+U-EN
10066:Ishkibal
10013:Apil-Sin
9995:Amorites
9905:Bel-bani
9780:Biblical
9671:Nur-Adad
9662:Gungunum
9650:Naplanum
9618:Bur-Suen
9582:Amorites
9558:Sargon I
9508:Amorites
9452:Amorites
9424:Intef II
9394:Kindattu
9382:Ibbi-Sin
9361:Amar-Sin
9355:Ur-Nammu
9290:Merykare
9182:Apil-kin
9094:Pirig-me
9072:Ur-gigir
9068:Ur-nigin
9008:dynasty)
8953:Merenhor
8879:Epirmupi
8708:Userkare
8662:Entemena
8639:Ur-Lumma
8634:Meskigal
8565:Eannatum
8560:Kun-Damu
8544:Shushun-
8529:Enakalle
8388:kushanna
8374:Undalulu
8346:Iblul-Il
8270:Menkaure
8266:Bikheris
8259:Djedefre
8218:Me-durba
8143:shaengur
8137:En-hegal
8125:Labashum
8083:Agur-lim
8079:Abur-lim
8058:Qahedjet
7903:Enmerkar
7735:Wadjenes
7725:Horus Sa
7720:Nubnefer
7711:Nynetjer
7685:Susa III
7647:Sneferka
7630:Merneith
7348:Naqada I
7070:Palistin
7030:Itureans
6828:Iron Age
6632:Hurrians
6374:Alashiya
6326:Hamoukar
6087:Palistin
6035:Jalaa SC
5693:Abu Abdo
5432:Catholic
5387:Historic
5379:Churches
5272:Historic
5197:Madrasas
5072:Ramouseh
4994:Category
4954:Religion
4879:Scouting
4854:diaspora
4739:Industry
4663:Military
4608:national
4588:Speakers
4469:Politics
4378:Features
4044:Arameans
4034:Amorites
3965:Timeline
3945:articles
3865:69135570
3800:Akkadica
3614:(eds.).
1192:See also
1166:pantheon
1132:Religion
1113:Anatolia
1089:Anatolia
1064:Hurrians
1037:Egyptian
966:Sarra-El
902:Irkabtum
735:Sarra-El
615:Diniktum
576:Eshnunna
542:Eshnunna
387:and the
362:Hittites
344:and the
86:Hurrians
12097:Narsieh
11925:Zenobia
11906:Vistahm
11891:Kavad I
11885:Kavad I
11879:Peroz I
11867:Khosrow
11213:Deioces
11170:Wahibre
11158:Necho I
11051:Taharqa
11048:Shabaka
11032:Taharqa
10996:Teumman
10847:Rudamun
10589:Solomon
10528:Smendes
10449:Twosret
10443:Seti II
10184:Mitanni
10178:Khamudi
10132:Dynasty
10122:Dynasty
10112:Dynasty
9950:Nur-ili
9920:Lullaya
9823:dynasty
9775:Abraham
9665:Abisare
9630:Zambiya
9524:(Queen
9476:Amorite
9447:Kingdom
9421:Intef I
9388:Elamite
9375:Amorite
9364:Shu-Sin
9265:Tirigan
9234:Ur-Baba
9164:Nûr-Mêr
9102:Lu-gula
9098:Lu-Baba
9012:Ididish
8993:Kingdom
8990:Eblaite
8988:Second
8938:Menkare
8813:Shu-Sin
8809:Ishu-Il
8737:dynasty
8717:Pepi II
8650:(Queen
8536:Elamite
8487:Userkaf
8430:Akurgal
8359:Ku-Baba
8175:(Queen
8111:Mesilim
8046:Sanakht
8036:(First
7853:Zuqaqip
7850:Kalumum
7835:Kalibum
7831:Puannum
7788:Kingdom
7637:Anedjib
7621:Hor-Aha
7566:Nat-Hor
7499:Iry-Hor
7495:Shendjw
7467:Pen-Abu
7415:Susa II
7192:Sources
7158:Osroene
6957:Ascalon
6932:Jericho
6810:Nuhašše
6758:Suteans
6696:Armanum
6648:Mitanni
6643:Nuhašše
6604:Shechem
6584:Megiddo
6579:Lakisha
6569:Kenites
6559:Jericho
6539:Dimasqu
6510:Aštartu
6505:Ascalon
6441:Palmyra
6396:Andarig
6386:Alalakh
6331:Jericho
6293:of the
6291:history
6127:Zengids
5775:Buhturi
5264:Mosques
4978:Outline
4959:Smoking
4912:Cuisine
4894:Culture
4812:Society
4712:Economy
4429:Related
4415:Orontes
4344:Borders
3953:History
2760:Sources
1554:Wu 1994
1071:Economy
795:Reigned
747:Mitanni
731:Hattusa
727:Babylon
694:Hittite
580:Qatanum
568:Rim-Sin
564:Babylon
454:Alalakh
427:Eblaite
410:Alalakh
403:History
381:Hurrian
373:Amorite
366:Mitanni
270:Mitanni
80:Hurrian
76:Amorite
62:Capital
12362:Yamhad
12323:
12276:
12246:
11888:Jamasp
11882:Balash
11840:Narseh
11751:Trajan
11749:under
11283:Xerxes
11219:Madyes
11083:Sargon
10543:Siamun
10446:Siptah
10431:Seti I
10415:Ugarit
10160:Semqen
10145:Hyksos
10117:Abydos
10010:Sabium
9917:Bazaya
9908:Libaya
9842:Asinum
9839:Rimush
9799:Yamhad
9691:(...)
9668:Sumuel
9659:Zabaia
9656:Samium
9653:Emisum
9554:Ikunum
9526:Shibtu
9467:Immeya
9358:Shulgi
9253:Ur-gar
9213:Ur-Utu
9080:Lagash
8959:Nikare
8871:Eshpum
8859:Rimush
8711:Pepi I
8546:tarana
8490:Sahure
8470:Hishur
8447:Balulu
8412:Lagash
8393:Mug-si
8386:Ensha-
8334:Sa'umu
8262:Khafre
8246:Snefru
8194:Mes-he
8141:Lugal-
8132:Lagash
8075:Sagisu
8027:Djoser
7936:Tizqar
7907:Aratta
7863:Arwium
7860:Mashda
7810:Jushur
7740:Senedj
7679:period
7611:Narmer
7561:Wazner
7536:Hsekiu
7531:Ny-Hor
7510:Narmer
7480:Canide
7471:Animal
7377:Susa I
7327:Lagash
7301:Akshak
7276:Canaan
7143:Iturea
7075:Pattin
7065:Luhuti
7060:Kummuh
6999:Tartus
6952:Ashdod
6906:Canaan
6883:Sam'al
6878:Hamath
6873:Geshur
6799:Ugarit
6789:Tadmor
6772:ʿApiru
6753:Aḫlamū
6748:ʿApiru
6734:Tuttul
6689:Aleppo
6662:Naziba
6599:Qadesh
6589:Midian
6574:Kumidi
6549:Gibeon
6529:Beruta
6524:Hauran
6520:Bashan
6515:Azzati
6490:Amalek
6461:Yamhad
6451:Ṭābetu
6436:Mukish
6391:Amurru
6351:Urkesh
6346:Ugarit
6336:Byblos
6295:Levant
6082:Yamhad
5947:Venues
5884:Nature
5424:Modern
5353:Modern
5043:Aleppo
4902:Anthem
4849:People
4844:Hunger
4839:Health
4749:Pound
4451:Levant
4410:Hermon
4405:Hauran
4364:Rivers
4349:Cities
4259:(1920)
4079:Ugarit
4064:Yamhad
3943:
3880:
3863:
3844:
3829:366758
3827:
3810:
3787:
3770:
3760:
3741:
3724:
3714:
3697:
3687:
3668:
3649:
3632:
3622:
3601:
3582:
3563:
3544:
3525:
3506:
3487:
3468:
3451:
3443:
3424:
3405:
3386:
3367:
3348:
3329:
3310:
3291:
3272:
3253:
3236:
3226:
3209:
3199:
3180:
3161:
3138:
3119:
3100:
3081:
3064:
3056:
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