177:
system. The oven also improved by-product processing and increased coke processing yields. By 1933, the energy efficiency of the eighth coke oven at the Yahata Works was almost equal to that of the most advanced coke oven in
Germany. The improvement in the quality of coke was directly reflected in the energy efficiency of iron and steelmaking. In addition, energy recycling techniques such as reuse of the gas generated in the coke oven and blast furnaces were exploited by the system. These efforts helped reduce the energy consumption of the works. The coal consumption per ton of steel production sharply dropped to 1.58 kg in 1933 from 3.7 kg in 1924. Eventually, Kuroda's idea of energy saving and recycling became fundamental for Japanese steel engineers. In 1962, this technological heritage would produce one of the most important innovations, the Basic Oxygen Furnace Waste Gas Cooling and Clearing System, invented at Yawata Steel (a successor of the Yahata Works).
22:
142:
176:
much of the town and factory killing hundreds. Kuroda Coke Oven (黒田式コークス炉), a furnace recovered by-products through a regenerative burning apparatus, invented in 1918 by Kuroda Taizo (黒田泰造 1883-1961), an engineer at the Yahata Works, was a revolutionary energy-saving oven based on an energy-recycling
925:
918:
911:
934:
235:
164:
was greatly improved by the conversion from steam to electricity as a power source, resulting in a drop in consumption of coal per ton of steel produced from four tons in 1920 to 1.58 in 1933. Much of the
1062:
1052:
1047:
647:
1057:
1163:
1042:
575:
368:
1184:
1168:
1027:
705:
1113:
1022:
1253:
1146:
972:
903:
1248:
418:
1228:
138:), "father of Japanese metallurgy". The state-owned mill was not profitable in its early years and had to rely on subsidies by the government.
655:
1134:
987:
72:
127:
205:
1243:
181:
1223:
1108:
943:
529:
496:
189:
813:
239:
160:
mill with coke, iron, and steel facilities, Yahata was also responsible at this time for 80-90% of Japan's steel output.
933:
546:"Global Economic History: A Very Short Introduction | Robert C. Allen | 9780199596652 | Oxford University Press Canada"
1118:
594:
425:
387:
348:
735:
713:
590:
383:
173:
1103:
620:
231:
197:
992:
220:
26:
219:(formerly the world's largest steel producer) and are important to the export market as a supplier to the
967:
161:
957:
429:
67:
shipbuilding, railway, construction, and armaments industries. The site chosen was the former town of
1238:
63:, Japan. Imperial Steel Works was established in 1896 to meet increasing demand from the nation's
25:
Higashida First Blast
Furnace, operational in 1901 with a nominal daily output of 160 tons; now a
709:
683:
135:
977:
259:
201:
482:
115:
1258:
1233:
515:
215:
After a number of expansions and corporate reorganizations, the steel works are now owned by
88:
870:
1012:
1007:
1002:
962:
935:
Sites of Japan's Meiji
Industrial Revolution: Iron and Steel, Shipbuilding and Coal Mining
299:
118:, began operations at Yahata on 5 February 1901. The low quality of output, high ratio of
8:
1082:
1074:
1151:
1139:
279:
60:
545:
760:
525:
492:
344:
269:
263:
185:
130:
were dismissed and the defects remedied by their local replacements. These included
126:, and a number of failures led to suspension the following year; all but one of the
1037:
108:
92:
64:
454:
114:
The
Higashida First Blast Furnace, designed and tooled by German engineering firm
1130:
898:
845:
823:
788:
765:
274:
157:
104:
68:
56:
21:
1087:
131:
100:
1217:
1199:
1186:
1125:
678:
625:
146:
819:
792:
736:"北九州イノベーションギャラリー｜Kitakyushu Innovation Gallery & Studio [KIGS]"
460:
247:
216:
141:
96:
340:
193:
123:
119:
305:
52:
521:
488:
243:
84:
238:, a serial nomination of sites that played an important part in the
209:
166:
153:
75:
into Kitakyūshū, near coal mines and with easy access to the sea.
517:
849:
228:
224:
180:
The continuing importance of the Yahata Steel Works to Japan's
91:
had been introduced in a number of areas to replace the native
846:"The Modern Industrial Heritage Sites in Kyûshû and Yamaguchi"
576:"The Establishment of the State-Owned Yahata Steel Works (1)"
369:"The Establishment of the State-Owned Yahata Steel Works (1)"
208:
on 9 August 1945; due to cloud cover this was redirected to
651:
818:[Yahata Steel Works - Overview] (in Japanese).
304:[Higashida First Blast Furnace] (in Japanese).
706:"Kyushu, Gateway to Japan: A Concise History (Review)"
484:
Technology and the
Culture of Progress in Meiji Japan
16:
Steel mill in Kitakyūshū, Fukuoka
Prefecture, Japan
204:. The works were identified as the target for the
200:, by which time the works produced 24% of Japan's
1215:
621:"Before Hiroshima: The Bombing of Japan 1944-45"
573:
480:
366:
618:
44:
676:
38:
919:
416:
337:Meiji Revisited: the Sites of Victorian Japan
227:. In 2014, the Yahata Steel Works joined the
513:
334:
236:Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution
926:
912:
899:Illustrated Timeline of Yahata Steel Works
569:
567:
1254:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
509:
507:
362:
360:
791:[Yahata Steel Works - History].
140:
46:Yahata seitetsu-sho, Yawata seitetsu-sho
20:
1249:World War II strategic bombing of Japan
564:
412:
410:
408:
330:
328:
326:
324:
322:
1229:Buildings and structures in Kitakyushu
1216:
504:
357:
1109:Hashino iron mining and smelting site
1013:Sekiyoshi Sluice gate of Yoshino leat
907:
871:"The State-owned Yahata Steel Works"
405:
319:
186:Yahata being identified as a target
13:
103:were constructed at sites such as
14:
1270:
1053:Mitsubishi Giant Cantilever Crane
1048:Mitsubishi Senshokaku Guest House
889:
677:Warner, Dennis (28 August 1948).
428:. pp. 455 ff. Archived from
426:Japan External Trade Organization
761:"Steel merger aims for survival"
266:club, existing from 1950 to 1999
863:
838:
806:
781:
753:
728:
698:
670:
640:
612:
591:Kyushu International University
384:Kyushu International University
156:production was from Yahata. An
1244:Economy of the Empire of Japan
1104:Nirayama Reverberatory Furnace
1058:Mitsubishi Former Pattern Shop
951:Hagi Proto-industrial Heritage
538:
474:
447:
292:
198:Bombing of Yawata in June 1944
1:
1224:Iron and steel mills of Japan
583:Journal of Business Economics
419:"The Iron and Steel Industry"
376:Journal of Business Economics
285:
944:World Heritage Site in Japan
7:
968:Ohitayama Tatara Iron Works
253:
45:
27:Municipal Cultural Property
10:
1275:
1164:Onga river Pumping Station
958:Hagi Reverberatory Furnace
648:"B-29s Against Coke Ovens"
240:industrialization of Japan
169:was from China and Korea.
145:Yahata Steel Works in the
78:
1096:
1073:
1021:
986:
950:
941:
679:"Nagasaki: Ugly Duckling"
574:Shimizu Norikazu (2010).
481:Wittner, David G (2007),
386:: 109–145. Archived from
367:Shimizu Norikazu (2010).
111:, near deposits of iron.
39:
1159:The Imperial Steel Works
1043:Mitsubishi No.3 Dry Dock
814:
619:Daniels, Gordon (1982).
455:
300:
152:By 1912, 80% of Japan's
1126:Glover House and Office
593:: 132–5. Archived from
1200:33.90278°N 130.83000°E
1008:Terayama Charcoal Kiln
260:Nippon Steel Yawata SC
196:, commencing with the
149:
89:reverberatory furnaces
29:
514:Inkster, Ian (2001).
335:Finn, Dallas (1995).
174:dam burst and flooded
144:
95:system. In the early
24:
978:Shōkasonjuku Academy
963:Ebisugahana Shipyard
716:on 16 September 2017
1205:33.90278; 130.83000
1196: /
1083:Takashima Coal Mine
1075:Takashima Coal Mine
232:World Heritage List
172:On May 1, 1916 the
116:Gute Hoffnungshütte
769:. 17 February 2011
600:on 26 January 2016
435:on 28 January 2016
393:on 26 January 2016
343:. pp. 128–9.
280:Air raids on Japan
206:second atomic bomb
150:
61:Fukuoka Prefecture
34:Yahata Steel Works
30:
1179:
1178:
1114:Mietsu Naval Dock
1088:Hashima Coal Mine
1023:Nagasaki Shipyard
826:on 30 August 2010
710:The Japan Society
550:www.oupcanada.com
531:978-0-415-24444-2
498:978-0-415-43375-4
270:Showa Steel Works
190:strategic bombing
162:Energy efficiency
1266:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1172:
1155:
1147:Misumi West Port
1143:
1122:
1066:
1038:Kosuge Slip Dock
1031:
996:
973:Hagi Castle Town
928:
921:
914:
905:
904:
897:
883:
882:
880:
878:
867:
861:
860:
858:
856:
842:
836:
835:
833:
831:
822:. Archived from
810:
804:
803:
801:
799:
785:
779:
778:
776:
774:
757:
751:
750:
748:
746:
732:
726:
725:
723:
721:
712:. Archived from
702:
696:
695:
693:
691:
674:
668:
667:
665:
663:
658:on 12 March 2008
654:. Archived from
644:
638:
637:
635:
633:
616:
610:
609:
607:
605:
599:
580:
571:
562:
561:
559:
557:
542:
536:
535:
511:
502:
501:
478:
472:
471:
469:
467:
451:
445:
444:
442:
440:
434:
423:
414:
403:
402:
400:
398:
392:
373:
364:
355:
354:
332:
317:
316:
314:
312:
296:
120:coke consumption
109:Iwate Prefecture
87:, Western-style
85:opening of Japan
50:
48:
42:
41:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1214:
1213:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1166:
1149:
1137:
1131:Miike coal mine
1116:
1092:
1069:
1060:
1025:
1017:
1003:Shōko Shūseikan
990:
982:
946:
937:
932:
895:
892:
887:
886:
876:
874:
869:
868:
864:
854:
852:
844:
843:
839:
829:
827:
816:
812:
811:
807:
797:
795:
787:
786:
782:
772:
770:
766:The Japan Times
759:
758:
754:
744:
742:
734:
733:
729:
719:
717:
704:
703:
699:
689:
687:
675:
671:
661:
659:
646:
645:
641:
631:
629:
617:
613:
603:
601:
597:
578:
572:
565:
555:
553:
544:
543:
539:
532:
512:
505:
499:
491:, p. 158,
479:
475:
465:
463:
459:(in Japanese).
457:
453:
452:
448:
438:
436:
432:
421:
417:Iida Ken'ichi.
415:
406:
396:
394:
390:
371:
365:
358:
351:
333:
320:
310:
308:
306:Kitakyushu City
302:
298:
297:
293:
288:
275:Miike coal mine
256:
128:German advisers
81:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1272:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1161:
1156:
1144:
1128:
1123:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1005:
999:
997:
984:
983:
981:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
954:
952:
948:
947:
942:
939:
938:
931:
930:
923:
916:
908:
902:
901:
891:
890:External links
888:
885:
884:
862:
837:
805:
780:
752:
727:
697:
669:
639:
611:
563:
537:
530:
524:. p. 66.
503:
497:
473:
446:
404:
356:
349:
318:
290:
289:
287:
284:
283:
282:
277:
272:
267:
255:
252:
182:heavy industry
132:Kageyoshi Noro
124:steel produced
101:blast furnaces
80:
77:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1271:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1170:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
998:
994:
989:
985:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
953:
949:
945:
940:
936:
929:
924:
922:
917:
915:
910:
909:
906:
900:
896:(in Japanese)
894:
893:
872:
866:
851:
847:
841:
825:
821:
817:
809:
794:
790:
789:"八幡製鉄所 歴史・沿革"
784:
768:
767:
762:
756:
741:
737:
731:
715:
711:
707:
701:
686:
685:
680:
673:
657:
653:
649:
643:
628:
627:
626:History Today
622:
615:
596:
592:
588:
584:
577:
570:
568:
552:. p. 124
551:
547:
541:
533:
527:
523:
519:
518:
510:
508:
500:
494:
490:
486:
485:
477:
462:
458:
450:
431:
427:
420:
413:
411:
409:
389:
385:
381:
377:
370:
363:
361:
352:
350:0-8348-0288-0
346:
342:
338:
331:
329:
327:
325:
323:
307:
303:
295:
291:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
265:
261:
258:
257:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
230:
226:
222:
218:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
175:
170:
168:
163:
159:
155:
148:
143:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
47:
35:
28:
23:
19:
1259:Nippon Steel
1239:Shōwa period
1234:Meiji period
1181:
1158:
875:. Retrieved
865:
853:. Retrieved
840:
828:. Retrieved
824:the original
820:Nippon Steel
808:
796:. Retrieved
793:Nippon Steel
783:
771:. Retrieved
764:
755:
743:. Retrieved
739:
730:
718:. Retrieved
714:the original
700:
688:. Retrieved
684:The Advocate
682:
672:
660:. Retrieved
656:the original
642:
630:. Retrieved
624:
614:
602:. Retrieved
595:the original
586:
582:
554:. Retrieved
549:
540:
516:
483:
476:
464:. Retrieved
461:Nippon Steel
449:
437:. Retrieved
430:the original
395:. Retrieved
388:the original
379:
375:
336:
309:. Retrieved
294:
217:Nippon Steel
214:
202:rolled steel
179:
171:
151:
113:
97:Meiji period
82:
33:
31:
18:
1203: /
1191:130°49′48″E
1167: [
1150: [
1138: [
1117: [
1061: [
1026: [
991: [
556:24 February
341:Weatherhill
194:Pacific War
192:during the
1218:Categories
1188:33°54′10″N
1135:Miike port
286:References
234:as one of
221:car makers
158:integrated
147:Taishō era
65:burgeoning
57:Kitakyūshū
53:steel mill
988:Shuseikan
873:. Kyuyama
745:2 January
522:Routledge
489:Routledge
456:1895～1905
262:, former
250:periods.
244:Bakumatsu
83:With the
264:football
254:See also
210:Nagasaki
167:iron ore
154:pig iron
105:Kamaishi
877:15 June
855:15 June
830:15 June
815:八幡製鉄所概要
798:15 June
773:15 June
740:kigs.jp
720:15 June
690:15 June
662:15 June
632:15 June
604:17 June
466:12 June
439:15 June
397:17 June
311:15 June
301:東田第一高炉跡
242:in the
184:led to
79:History
850:UNESCO
528:
495:
347:
229:UNESCO
225:Kyushu
93:tatara
73:merged
71:, now
69:Yahata
1171:]
1154:]
1142:]
1121:]
1097:Other
1065:]
1030:]
995:]
598:(PDF)
589:(2).
579:(PDF)
433:(PDF)
422:(PDF)
391:(PDF)
382:(2).
372:(PDF)
248:Meiji
51:is a
40:八幡製鐵所
1133:and
879:2012
857:2012
832:2012
800:2012
775:2012
747:2021
722:2012
692:2012
664:2012
634:2012
606:2012
558:2018
526:ISBN
493:ISBN
468:2012
441:2012
399:2012
345:ISBN
313:2012
246:and
188:for
136:野呂景義
32:The
652:CIA
223:of
122:to
107:in
55:in
1220::
1169:ja
1152:ja
1140:ja
1119:ja
1063:ja
1028:ja
993:ja
848:.
763:.
738:.
708:.
681:.
650:.
623:.
587:16
585:.
581:.
566:^
548:.
520:.
506:^
487:,
424:.
407:^
380:16
378:.
374:.
359:^
339:.
321:^
212:.
99:,
59:,
43:,
927:e
920:t
913:v
881:.
859:.
834:.
802:.
777:.
749:.
724:.
694:.
666:.
636:.
608:.
560:.
534:.
470:.
443:.
401:.
353:.
315:.
134:(
49:)
37:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
