1015:
82:
639:
130:
29:
1142:
456:
896:
360:
566:
119:
590:. The wood is first roasted around a fire before shaping the key to achieve the desired tone. The resonator is tuned to the key through careful choice of size of resonator, adjustment of the diameter of the mouth of the resonator using wasp wax and adjustment of the height of the key above the resonator. A skilled maker can produce startling amplification. The mallets used to play
438:. Others are "trough" xylophones with a single hollow body that acts as a resonator for all the bars. Old methods consisted of arranging the bars on tied bundles of straw, and, is still practiced today, placing the bars adjacent to each other in a ladder-like layout. Ancient mallets were made of willow wood with spoon-like bowls on the beaten ends.
955:. The amadinda is made of twelve logs which are tuned in a pentatonic scale. It mainly is played by three players. Two players sit opposite of each other and play the same logs in an interlocking technique in a fast tempo. It has no gourd resonators or buzzing tone, two characteristics of many other African xylophones.
473:
more recently challenged by ethnomusicologist and linguist Roger Blench who posits an independent origin in of the
Xylophone in Africa, citing, among the evidence for local invention, distinct features of African xylophones and the greater variety of xylophone types and proto-xylophone-like instruments in Africa.
1181:
or more octave range of performance xylophones. The bass xylophone ranges are written from middle C to A an octave higher but sound one octave lower than written. The alto ranges are written from middle C to A an octave higher and sound as written. The soprano ranges are written from middle C to A an
446:
Xylophones should be played with very hard rubber, polyball, or acrylic mallets. Sometimes medium to hard rubber mallets, very hard core, or yarn mallets are used for softer effects. Lighter tones can be created on xylophones by using wooden-headed mallets made from rosewood, ebony, birch, or other
1124:
In the United States, there are
Zimbabwean marimba bands in particularly high concentration in the Pacific Northwest, Colorado, and New Mexico, but bands exist from the East Coast through California and even to Hawaii and Alaska. The main event for this community is ZimFest, the annual Zimbabwean
472:
The instrument has obscure ancient origins. Nettl proposed that it originated in southeast Asia and came to Africa c. AD 500 when a group of Malayo-Polynesian speaking peoples migrated to Africa, and compared East
African xylophone orchestras and Javanese and Balinese gamelan orchestras. This was
737:
their parts. The composer then consults with the choreographer of the ceremony and adjustments are made. The longest and most important of these is the "Mzeno" which will include a song telling of an issue of local importance or even making fun of a prominent figure in the community! Performers
1034:("wooden clatter"). There follow other descriptions of the instrument, though the term "xylophone" is not used until the 1860s. The instrument was associated largely with the folk music of Central Europe, notably Poland and eastern Germany. An early version appeared in
1205:) music. The first of these transcriptions had originally been used for music education in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwean instruments are often in a diatonic C major scale, which allows them to be played with a 'western-tuned' mbira (G nyamaropa), sometimes with an added F
1055:, whose instrument was the five-row xylophone made of 28 crude wooden bars arranged in semitones in the form of a trapezoid and resting on straw supports. There were no resonators and it was played fast with spoon-shaped sticks. According to musicologist
147:
670:
is typically played in large ensembles in a choreographed dance, perhaps depicting a historical drama. Ensembles consist of around ten xylophones of three or four sizes. A full orchestra would have two bass instruments called
429:
below the bars to enhance the tone and sustain. Frames are made of wood or cheap steel tubing: more expensive xylophones feature height adjustment and more stability in the stand. In other music cultures some versions have
1125:
Music
Festival. The bands are composed of instruments from high sopranos, through to lower soprano, tenor, baritone, and bass. Resonators are usually made with holes covered by thin cellophane (similar to the
886:
gourds. Spider web silk covers small holes in the gourds to produce a buzzing sound and antelope sinew and leather are used for the fastenings. The instrument is played with rubber-headed wooden mallets.
882:, a region that shares many musical traditions with those of northern Ivory Coast and Ghana. It is made with 14 wooden keys of an African hardwood called liga attached to a wooden frame, below which hang
2498:
148:
1430:
Blench, Roger (1 November 2012). "Using diverse sources of evidence for reconstructing the prehistory of musical exchanges in the Indian Ocean and their broader significance for cultural prehistory".
1006:
of West Africa. Its keys are mounted on gourds, and struck with mallets with rubber tips. The players typically wear iron cylinders and rings attached to their hands so that they jingle as they play.
166:
2607:
1153:, which combines the use of instruments, movement, singing and speech to develop children's musical abilities. Xylophones used in American general music classrooms are smaller, at about
165:
146:
598:
have heads made from natural rubber taken from a wild creeping plant. "Interlocking" or alternating rhythm features in
Eastern African xylophone music such as that of the Makonde
923:. Known as shinjimba among the Nkoya, it is used at the Kazanga, a traditional royal ceremony of the Nkoya. The silimba is an essential part of the folk music traditions of the
167:
1129:) to achieve the characteristic buzzing sound. The repertoires of U.S. bands tends to have a great overlap, due to the common source of the Zimbabwean musician
2505:
662:
of music played on it is believed to be the most sophisticated method of composition yet found among preliterate peoples. The gourd-resonated, equal-ratio
1149:
Many music educators use xylophones as a classroom resource to assist children's musical development. One method noted for its use of xylophones is
2100:
1890:
843:. It can also be played by one person with the drum and the stick part as accompaniment, or by a soloist. Gyil duets are the traditional music of
1819:
683:, with ten keys and played seated, and the mbila itself, which has up to nineteen keys of which up to eight may be played simultaneously. The
149:
510:
2070:
2617:
1922:
530:
257:(which uses metal bars), the xylophone essentially consists of a set of tuned wooden keys arranged in the fashion of the keyboard of a
2602:
2437:
526:
1737:
847:
funerals. The instrument is generally played by men, who learn to play while young, however, there is no restriction on gender.
2122:
2597:
1832:
1765:. Royal Commonwealth Society Library. Cambridge University Library. University of Cambridge. 5 November 2004. Archived from
2632:
2627:
2622:
2491:
2093:
1294:
1762:
1133:, who was the key person who first brought Zimbabwean music to the West, coming to the University of Washington in 1968.
1110:
1241:
1863:: 'A prodigy ... who does wonderful things with little drumsticks on a machine of wooden keys, called the 'xylophone'.'
1268:
489:, is said by the Vienna Symphonic Library to have existed in 2000 BC in what is now part of China. The xylophone-like
2029:
2003:
1994:
Paco, Celso (2000). "A Luta
Continua". In Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark; McConnachie, James; Duane, Orla (eds.).
1414:
43:
1082:, which was developed in the 1920s. A xylophone with a range extending downwards into the marimba range is called a
2467:
1193:
has also become popular in the West, which adopted the original use of these instruments to play transcriptions of
1078:
and Harry Breuer were well-known users. As time passed, the xylophone was exceeded in popularity by the metal-key
343:
and many similar toys described by the makers as xylophones have bars of metal rather than of wood, and so are in
2234:
2086:
2139:
2118:
1047:
2566:
2472:
2462:
2342:
2130:
958:
The amadinda was an important instrument at the royal court in
Buganda, a Ugandan kingdom. A special type of
199:
1554:
2612:
2452:
1859:
1709:
1513:
1105:
was particularly fond of the instrument; it has prominent roles in much of his work, including most of his
677:
with three or four wooden keys played standing up using heavy mallets with solid rubber heads, three tenor
1462:"Annotated Checklist of Musical Instruments From Sub-Saharan Africa on Display in the NMM's Beede Gallery"
713:
and consist of about 10 pieces of music grouped into 4 separate movements, with an overture, in different
1814:
1898:
1295:"Xylophonist | Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist"
2457:
2406:
490:
216:
1980:
1851:
1220:
615:
139:
962:
is now used for this xylophone, consisting of numbers for and periods. as is also the case with the
1406:
387:
320:, and these two instruments should not be confused. A person who plays the xylophone is known as a
1868:
1059:, Gusikov performed in garden concerts, variety shows, and as a novelty act at symphony concerts.
158:
1014:
2347:
419:
192:
1042:
2357:
2109:
1114:
1071:
36:
1919:
1658:
2515:
2282:
1824:
1684:
522:
53:
1066:. Its bright, lively sound worked well the syncopated dance music of the 1920s and 1930s.
701:
Masala apple shells as resonators. They accompany the dance with long compositions called
8:
2416:
2396:
2064:
1102:
435:
570:
2411:
2018:
1618:
1461:
1443:
1051:, in 1874. By that time, the instrument had already been popularized to some extent by
651:
312:
refers specifically to a chromatic instrument of somewhat higher pitch range and drier
246:
91:
2024:(1970 ed.). London: International African Institute and Oxford University Press.
2447:
2043:
2025:
1999:
1828:
1447:
1410:
1368:
1186:
839:. The gyil is usually played in pairs, accompanied by a calabash gourd drum called a
506:
250:
1622:
2551:
2536:
1640:
1610:
1602:
1490:
1435:
1357:(Second ed.). Belmont, California: Schirmer Books, Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
1130:
959:
764:
460:
274:
270:
81:
2370:
1926:
1331:
1003:
859:
580:
is also applied to various traditional folk instruments such as the West Africa
282:
1766:
1532:
1400:
1302:
2401:
2375:
2327:
1150:
1118:
1023:
863:
638:
482:
278:
2483:
1439:
2591:
2546:
2332:
2177:
2167:
1810:
1052:
1038:
and the earliest reference to a similar instrument came in the 14th century.
844:
828:
804:
734:
726:
659:
623:
502:
486:
266:
73:
2047:
1614:
2365:
2157:
879:
867:
812:
730:
647:
348:
336:
254:
2042:. Chopi village in southern Mozambique: Gei Zantzinger and Andrew Tracey.
2038:
1185:
According to Andrew Tracey, marimbas were introduced to
Zimbabwe in 1960.
2421:
2078:
2013:
1780:
1190:
1075:
924:
912:
836:
832:
824:
820:
465:
717:
and styles. The ensemble leader serves as poet, composer, conductor and
2541:
2442:
2322:
2312:
2182:
1079:
1063:
1056:
800:
667:
663:
627:
426:
383:
344:
332:
331:
The term is also popularly used to refer to similar instruments of the
179:
102:
2247:
1141:
455:
2576:
2302:
2267:
2242:
2172:
1083:
1067:
718:
553:, and regions of the Americas. In Myanmar, the xylophone is known as
542:
498:
481:
The earliest evidence of a true xylophone is from the 9th century in
340:
305:
301:
262:
222:
205:
1880:
Both citations refer to the performance of a child prodigy, Sunbury.
2391:
2337:
2210:
2200:
2152:
2147:
1106:
1035:
928:
883:
546:
538:
379:
371:
363:
292:
may be used generally, to include all such instruments such as the
2262:
1781:"History – The world of wooden mallet instruments"
28:
2561:
2556:
2531:
2526:
2287:
2220:
2205:
2162:
1763:"The Behlanjeh, the national musical instrument of the Mandingos"
1126:
1089:
In orchestral scores, a xylophone can be indicated by the French
979:
948:
895:
855:
747:
582:
554:
550:
534:
359:
317:
297:
293:
110:
106:
98:
2063:
1275:. Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press
1266:
1248:. Henry Stuart Jones, Roderick McKenzie. Oxford: Clarendon Press
1239:
569:
African
Xylophone also known as Ogbongelenge by the Igbo tribe.
249:
in the percussion family that consists of wooden bars struck by
2297:
2292:
2272:
2257:
2252:
967:
952:
920:
916:
722:
565:
375:
313:
1964:. Translated by Margaret Murray. London: Schott & Co. Ltd.
788:
2317:
2307:
2277:
2215:
1194:
871:
808:
714:
655:
587:
494:
431:
422:: its parts are written one octave below the sounding notes.
390:
which allows a louder sound. Some can be as small a range as
258:
2608:
Masterpieces of the Oral and
Intangible Heritage of Humanity
931:
ceremony. The shilimba is now used in most parts of Zambia.
654:, in southern Mozambique. It is not to be confused with the
118:
1877:...and Master Bonnay, on the Xylophone, is always recalled.
875:
816:
779:
518:
514:
1986:
1512:
Kubik, Gerhard; Robotham, Donald Keith (27 January 2012).
1062:
The western xylophone was used by early jazz bands and in
785:
770:
1579:
Romney, Jonathan (5 March 1991). "Timbila album review".
911:
is a xylophone common among the Nkoya and Lozi people of
773:
1809:
Anderson, Lois Ann; et al. (2001). "Xylophone". In
1182:
octave higher but sound one octave higher than written.
1041:
The first use of a European orchestral xylophone was in
827:. The Gyil is the primary traditional instrument of the
418:
or 4 octaves. Like the glockenspiel, the xylophone is a
1996:
World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East
1938:
537:
ensembles. They still have traditional significance in
1998:. Rough Guides Ltd., Penguin Books. pp. 579–584.
2020:
Chopi Musicians: their Music, Poetry, and Instruments
1897:. Oregon Symphony Players Association. Archived from
1369:"Percussion > Mallets > Xylophone > History"
1022:
The earliest mention of a xylophone in Europe was in
485:, while a similar hanging wood instrument, a type of
1145:
Three Orff-Schulwerk xylophones of different ranges.
791:
776:
646:
The mbila (plural "timbila") is associated with the
501:, few regions have their own type of xylophones. In
767:
708:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
277:in the case of many African and Asian instruments,
2138:
2017:
1855:(Second ed.). Oxford University Press. 1989.
1634:
1632:
1267:Henry George Liddell; Robert Scott, eds. (1940).
1240:Henry George Liddell; Robert Scott, eds. (1940).
2589:
934:
2513:
1972:
1820:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1629:
1018:Orchestral xylophone (left) and marimba (right)
831:of northern Ghana and Burkina Faso, and of the
1985:(16 mm video; 28 minutes). Archived from
1732:
1730:
1136:
966:, a type of xylophone originating in southern
947:are xylophone-like instruments originating in
733:line. The musicians of the ensemble partially
586:. Early forms were constructed of bars atop a
2499:
2094:
1596:
1594:
1511:
725:partially based on the features of the Chopi
404:octaves but concert xylophones are typically
354:
2074:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). p. 889.
1978:
2061:
1959:
1727:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1097:(literally "wooden harmonica"), or Italian
738:include Eduardo Durão and Venancio Mbande.
281:in many western children's instruments, or
230:
2506:
2492:
2108:
2101:
2087:
1591:
919:. The tuned keys are tied atop resonating
618:, is responded to by another player, the
382:, or various synthetic materials such as
370:The modern western xylophone has bars of
122:Xylophone with different types of mallets
2438:Classification of percussion instruments
1808:
1804:
1802:
1530:
1476:
1387:
1140:
1013:
894:
637:
622:. This usually doubles an already rapid
564:
454:
358:
140:A jingle played on a xylophone (marimba)
117:
1603:"Life, Death, and Music in West Africa"
1491:"Music of Mozambique: Information from"
2590:
2123:List of percussion instruments by type
2012:
1638:
1600:
1578:
1429:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1028:Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten
2487:
2082:
1939:"American Orff-Schulwerk Association"
1799:
1665:. Zambiatourism.com. 21 December 2006
1647:. Andrew Tracey and Christian Carver.
1398:
835:of Ghana, southern Burkina Faso, and
16:Wooden keyboard percussion instrument
1993:
1979:Hallis, Ron; Hallis, Ophera (1987).
1960:Keetman, Gunild; Orff, Carl (1958).
1738:"African music :: Interlocking"
1352:
1009:
850:The Gyil's design is similar to the
560:
1875:. Rogerson and Tuxford: 152. 1865.
1773:
1531:Mitchell, Barry (14 January 2008).
1514:"African music – musical structure"
1317:
1113:. Modern xylophone players include
509:use wooden xylophones known as the
13:
1572:
1283:– via www.perseus.tufts.edu.
1256:– via www.perseus.tufts.edu.
476:
178:Problems playing these files? See
128:
80:
14:
2644:
2618:Orchestral percussion instruments
2055:
1962:Orff-Schulwerk Music for Children
927:and can be heard at their annual
874:peoples further west in southern
721:, creating a text, improvising a
557:and is typically made of bamboo.
2468:List of vibraphone manufacturers
1710:"xylophone (musical instrument)"
763:
163:
144:
27:
2603:Keyboard percussion instruments
1953:
1931:
1920:Michael Joseph Guzikow Archives
1913:
1883:
1842:
1755:
1702:
1685:"akadinda (musical instrument)"
1677:
1651:
1547:
1524:
1505:
1493:. Answers.com. 25 November 2010
54:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
2119:List of percussion instruments
2062:Schlesinger, Kathleen (1911).
1639:Tracey, Andrew (26 May 2004).
1454:
1423:
1361:
1346:
1287:
1260:
1233:
626:that may also co-exist with a
1:
2473:List of timpani manufacturers
2463:List of marimba manufacturers
1535:. Theoryofmusic.wordpress.com
1432:African Archaeological Review
1299:Lexico Dictionaries | English
935:Akadinda, amadinda and mbaire
497:regions (kashta tharang). In
425:Concert xylophones have tube
388:fiberglass-reinforced plastic
2598:Ghanaian musical instruments
2453:List of cymbal manufacturers
1973:General and cited references
1869:"Leaves for the Little Ones"
1857:7 April 1866 edition of the
1405:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
1226:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
679:
673:
7:
2633:Zambian musical instruments
2628:Ugandan musical instruments
2623:Stick percussion idiophones
1334:. Madehow.com. 26 June 2000
1214:
1137:Use in elementary education
1030:(1511), where it is called
351:rather than as xylophones.
10:
2649:
2458:List of drum manufacturers
2407:Indoor percussion ensemble
1787:. Vienna Symphonic Library
1402:Music in Primitive Culture
1375:. Vienna Symphonic Library
977:
890:
745:
450:
441:
355:Construction of xylophones
215:
198:
60:(Set of percussion sticks)
2522:
2430:
2384:
2356:
2233:
2196:
2129:
2116:
1982:Chopi Music of Mozambique
1852:Oxford English Dictionary
1440:10.1007/s10437-014-9178-z
1221:Musical Stones of Skiddaw
807:-speaking populations in
803:instrument common to the
212: 'wood' and
97:
90:
79:
72:
64:
52:
42:
35:
26:
1925:30 December 2006 at the
1823:(2nd ed.). London:
1407:Harvard University Press
633:
513:(spelled: "garattung").
339:types. For example, the
2071:Encyclopædia Britannica
1742:Encyclopædia Britannica
1714:Encyclopædia Britannica
1689:Encyclopædia Britannica
1615:10.1525/ctx.2008.7.1.44
1601:Harper, Colter (2008).
1518:Encyclopædia Britannica
1464:. National Music Museum
1434:. special issue: 7–11.
1332:"How xylophone is made"
1273:A Greek-English Lexicon
1246:A Greek-English Lexicon
1197:dzavadzimu (as well as
973:
741:
729:and composing a second
521:use xylophones (called
2110:Percussion instruments
1353:Cook, Gary D. (1997).
1146:
1019:
904:
643:
573:
469:
420:transposing instrument
367:
265:tuned to a pitch of a
229: 'sound, voice';
133:
123:
85:
2516:percussion idiophones
2358:Electronic percussion
1895:Concertgoersguide.org
1873:The Ladies' Companion
1399:Nettl, Bruno (1956).
1144:
1072:George Hamilton Green
1053:Michael Josef Gusikov
1017:
898:
641:
568:
458:
362:
132:
121:
84:
37:Percussion instrument
2385:Percussion groupings
2235:Unpitched percussion
1825:Macmillan Publishers
1559:pointofdeparture.org
1555:"African Heartbeats"
1111:Cello Concerto No. 2
1002:) is used among the
689:uses gourds and the
436:Helmholtz resonators
285:for orchestral use.
2613:Music of Mozambique
2417:Percussion ensemble
2397:Marching percussion
2140:Keyboard percussion
1355:Teaching Percussion
1211:key placed inline.
1189:marimba based upon
1043:Camille Saint-Saëns
903:in a Zambian market
159:A gamelan xylophone
92:Related instruments
23:
2412:Percussion section
2131:Pitched percussion
1641:"Marimbas History"
1305:on 7 December 2020
1167:octaves, than the
1147:
1020:
905:
652:Inhambane Province
644:
574:
470:
368:
304:. However, in the
247:musical instrument
134:
124:
86:
21:
2585:
2584:
2481:
2480:
2448:Percussion mallet
2229:
2228:
2065:"Xylophone"
2040:Mgodo Wa Mbanguzi
1901:on 13 August 2007
1834:978-1-56159-239-5
1609:. Winter: 44–51.
1607:Contexts Magazine
1533:"Theory of Music"
1010:Western xylophone
561:African xylophone
507:Toba Batak people
261:. Each bar is an
168:
150:
116:
115:
2640:
2552:Kulintang a kayo
2537:Gandingan a Kayo
2508:
2501:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2136:
2135:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2051:
2035:
2023:
2009:
1990:
1989:on 20 July 2011.
1966:
1965:
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1951:
1950:
1948:
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1935:
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1917:
1911:
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1908:
1906:
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1846:
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1806:
1797:
1796:
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1771:
1770:
1769:on 27 June 2007.
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1811:Sadie, Stanley
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1119:Evelyn Glennie
1024:Arnolt Schlick
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978:Main article:
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746:Main article:
743:
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628:counter-rhythm
624:rhythmic pulse
614:, the initial
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1849:"xylophone".
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1815:Tyrrell, John
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300:and even the
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193:Ancient Greek
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74:Playing range
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38:
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19:
2571:
2366:Drum machine
2187:
2158:Glockenspiel
2069:
2039:
2019:
2014:Tracey, Hugh
1995:
1987:the original
1981:
1961:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1933:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1899:the original
1894:
1885:
1876:
1872:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1818:
1789:. Retrieved
1784:
1775:
1767:the original
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1741:
1717:. Retrieved
1713:
1704:
1692:. Retrieved
1688:
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1662:
1653:
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1606:
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1562:. Retrieved
1558:
1549:
1537:. Retrieved
1526:
1517:
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1495:. Retrieved
1466:. Retrieved
1456:
1431:
1425:
1401:
1377:. Retrieved
1372:
1363:
1354:
1348:
1336:. Retrieved
1309:19 September
1307:. Retrieved
1303:the original
1298:
1289:
1277:. Retrieved
1272:
1262:
1250:. Retrieved
1245:
1235:
1202:
1198:
1184:
1148:
1123:
1103:Shostakovich
1098:
1094:
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944:
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938:
908:
906:
900:
880:Burkina Faso
878:and western
858:used by the
851:
849:
840:
813:Burkina Faso
754:
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751:
731:contrapuntal
648:Chopi people
645:
619:
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591:
581:
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575:
493:was used in
480:
471:
459:
447:hard woods.
445:
434:that act as
424:
369:
347:regarded as
337:metallophone
330:
325:
324:or simply a
321:
309:
289:
287:
255:glockenspiel
223:
220:
213:
206:
203:
196:
188:
186:
177:
18:
2422:Drum circle
1279:24 February
1252:24 February
1191:Shona music
1076:Teddy Brown
925:Lozi people
913:Barotseland
837:Ivory Coast
825:West Africa
821:Ivory Coast
571:AID Project
322:xylophonist
308:, the term
253:. Like the
68:9th century
2592:Categories
2542:Glasschord
2443:Drum stick
2348:Wood block
2323:Tambourine
2313:Snare drum
2183:Vibraphone
1945:1 November
1941:. Aosa.org
1791:1 November
1669:1 November
1659:"~Zambia~"
1581:Q Magazine
1564:1 November
1539:1 November
1497:1 November
1379:1 November
1338:1 November
1187:Zimbabwean
1115:Bob Becker
1107:symphonies
1091:claquebois
1080:vibraphone
1064:vaudeville
1057:Curt Sachs
915:, western
862:-speaking
801:pentatonic
761:English:
668:Mozambique
664:heptatonic
602:, the Yao
487:harmonicon
466:Philippine
427:resonators
384:fiberglass
345:organology
333:lithophone
275:heptatonic
271:pentatonic
269:, whether
191:(from
180:media help
103:txalaparta
48:Percussion
2577:Xylorimba
2572:Xylophone
2303:Mark tree
2268:Castanets
2243:Bass drum
2188:Xylophone
2173:Tubaphone
1860:Athenaeum
1785:Vsl.co.at
1448:162200224
1373:Vsl.co.at
1227:Citations
1093:, German
1084:xylorimba
1068:Red Norvo
999:behlanjeh
735:improvise
719:performer
576:The term
543:Melanesia
511:Garantung
499:Indonesia
468:xylophone
341:Pixiphone
316:than the
310:xylophone
306:orchestra
302:semantron
290:xylophone
288:The term
283:chromatic
263:idiophone
189:xylophone
65:Developed
22:Xylophone
2567:Triangle
2392:Drum kit
2343:Triangle
2338:Timbales
2211:Steelpan
2201:Handbell
2153:Crotales
2148:Carillon
2048:47815221
2016:(1948).
1923:Archived
1817:(eds.).
1747:25 April
1719:25 April
1694:27 April
1623:59623412
1215:See also
1208:♯
1109:and his
1099:silofono
1036:Slovakia
993:balenjeh
960:notation
945:amadinda
943:and the
941:akadinda
929:Kuomboka
884:calabash
620:wakulela
612:opachera
608:mangwilo
547:Thailand
539:Malaysia
531:Tingklik
380:cocobolo
372:rosewood
364:Cameroon
279:diatonic
2562:Marimba
2557:Luntang
2532:Dhantal
2527:Balafon
2376:Octapad
2328:Tam-tam
2298:Maracas
2288:Cymbals
2283:Cowbell
2248:Bodhrán
2221:Timpani
2206:Handpan
2163:Marimba
1269:"φων-ή"
1242:"ξύλον"
1176:⁄
1162:⁄
1127:balafon
980:Balafon
964:embaire
949:Buganda
909:silimba
901:silimba
891:Silimba
864:Bambara
856:Balafon
799:) is a
748:Balafon
698:dibinda
680:dibinda
650:of the
642:Timbila
600:dimbila
592:dibinda
583:balafon
578:marimba
555:Pattala
551:Myanmar
535:gamelan
523:gambang
451:History
442:Mallets
413:⁄
399:⁄
366:, ~1914
318:marimba
298:balafon
294:marimba
251:mallets
245:) is a
234:
111:marimba
107:laggutu
99:balafon
58:111.212
2514:Stick
2293:Djembe
2273:Claves
2258:Cabasa
2253:Bongos
2046:
2028:
2002:
1905:5 June
1831:
1621:
1468:5 June
1446:
1413:
1203:matepe
968:Uganda
953:Uganda
921:gourds
917:Zambia
852:Balaba
845:Dagara
723:melody
715:tempos
658:. The
616:caller
527:Rindik
505:, The
432:gourds
376:padauk
314:timbre
2431:Other
2318:Taiko
2308:Parai
2278:Conga
2263:Cajón
2216:Tabla
1619:S2CID
1587:: 68.
1444:S2CID
1195:mbira
872:Sosso
868:Dyula
860:Mande
809:Ghana
710:mgodo
704:ngomi
692:mbila
660:style
656:mbira
634:Mbila
596:mbila
588:gourd
533:) in
495:Hindu
491:ranat
259:piano
224:phōnḗ
207:xúlon
200:ξύλον
195:
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