828:. The most common binary numbering scheme defines lower pitches to have lower numeric value (as opposed to low pitches having a high numeric value). Thus a single pitch class n in the pitch class set is represented by 2^n. This maps the entire power set of all pitch class sets in 12-TET to the numbers 0 to 4095. The binary digits read as ascending pitches from right to left, which some find discombobulating because they are used to low to high reading left to right, as on a piano keyboard. In this scheme, the major scale is 101010110101 = 2741. This binary representation permits easy calculation of interval vectors and common tones, using logical binary operators. It also provides a perfect index for every possible combination of tones, as every scale has its own number.
2325:
223:
2315:
811:
858:
1175:
388:"The number of the notes that make up a scale as well as the quality of the intervals between successive notes of the scale help to give the music of a culture area its peculiar sound quality." "The pitch distances or intervals among the notes of a scale tell us more about the sound of the music than does the mere number of tones."
724:âthe central and most stable note of the scale. In Western tonal music, simple songs or pieces typically start and end on the tonic note. Relative to a choice of a certain tonic, the notes of a scale are often labeled with numbers recording how many scale steps above the tonic they are. For example, the notes of the C
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46:
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refers to these numerical labels. Such labeling requires the choice of a "first" note; hence scale-degree labels are not intrinsic to the scale itself, but rather to its modes. For example, if we choose A as tonic, then we can label the notes of the C major scale using A = 1, B = 2, C = 3, and so on.
1102:
Some scales use a different number of pitches. A common scale in
Eastern music is the pentatonic scale, which consists of five notes that span an octave. For example, in the Chinese culture, the pentatonic scale is usually used for folk music and consists of C, D, E, G and A, commonly known as gong,
929:
in
Chromatic transposition). Since the steps of a scale can have various sizes, this process introduces subtle melodic and harmonic variation into the music. In Western tonal music, the simplest and most common type of modulation (or changing keys) is to shift from one major key to another key built
835:
from the tonic. For instance, 0 2 4 5 7 9 11 denotes any major scale such as CâDâEâFâGâAâB, in which the first degree is, obviously, 0 semitones from the tonic (and therefore coincides with it), the second is 2 semitones from the tonic, the third is 4 semitones from the tonic, and so on. Again, this
255:
The notes of a scale are numbered by their steps from the first degree of the scale. For example, in a C major scale the first note is C, the second D, the third E and so on. Two notes can also be numbered in relation to each other: C and E create an interval of a third (in this case a major third);
1106:
Some scales span part of an octave; several such short scales are typically combined to form a scale spanning a full octave or more, and usually called with a third name of its own. The
Turkish and Middle Eastern music has around a dozen such basic short scales that are combined to form hundreds of
244:
is one exception). An octave-repeating scale can be represented as a circular arrangement of pitch classes, ordered by increasing (or decreasing) pitch class. For instance, the increasing C major scale is CâDâEâFâGâAâBâ, with the bracket indicating that the last note is an octave higher than the
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equivalence, scales are generally considered to span a single octave, with higher or lower octaves simply repeating the pattern. A musical scale represents a division of the octave space into a certain number of scale steps, a scale step being the recognizable distance (or
566:
which involves systematic changes from one scale to another. Modulation occurs in relatively conventionalized ways. For example, major-mode pieces typically begin in a "tonic" diatonic scale and modulate to the "dominant" scale a fifth above.
205:). The tonic of a scale is the note selected as the beginning of the octave, and therefore as the beginning of the adopted interval pattern. Typically, the name of the scale specifies both its tonic and its interval pattern. For example,
940:
pieces and contemporary music, composers modulate to "remote keys" that are not related to or close to the tonic. An example of a remote modulation would be taking a song that begins in C major and modulating (changing keys) to
470:
to guide or limit a composition. Explicit instruction in scales has been part of compositional training for many centuries. One or more scales may be used in a composition, such as in
385:, or having imperfections. Many music theorists concur that the constituent intervals of a scale have a large role in the cognitive perception of its sonority, or tonal character.
1059:
tones or semitones, creating 12 intervals per octave. Each interval separates two tones; the higher tone has an oscillation frequency of a fixed ratio (by a factor equal to the
780:
naming convention in which each scale degree is denoted by a syllable. In the major scale, the solfĂšge syllables are: do, re, mi, fa, so (or sol), la, ti (or si), do (or ut).
1111:
has one scale step spanning 14 intervals (of the middle eastern type found 53 in an octave) roughly similar to 3 semitones (of the western type found 12 in an octave), while
1025:, performers can "bend" notes a fraction of a tone sharp or flat to create blue notes. For instance, in the key of E, the blue note would be either a note between G and G
480:. To the right, the first scale is a whole-tone scale, while the second and third scales are diatonic scales. All three are used in the opening pages of Debussy's piece.
438:
is called tritonic (though the expression is also used for any scale with just three notes per octave, whether or not it includes a tritone), and one without tritones is
1115:, another of these middle eastern scales, has 3 consecutive scale steps within 14 commas, i.e. separated by roughly one western semitone either side of the middle tone.
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836:
implies that the notes are drawn from a chromatic scale tuned with 12-tone equal temperament. For some fretted string instruments, such as the guitar and the
149:) between two successive notes of the scale. However, there is no need for scale steps to be equal within any scale and, particularly as demonstrated by
783:
In naming the notes of a scale, it is customary that each scale degree be assigned its own letter name: for example, the A major scale is written AâBâC
355:(5 notes per octave): the anhemitonic form (lacking semitones) is common in folk music, especially in Asian music; also known as the "black note" scale
1063:, or approximately 1.059463) higher than the frequency of the lower one. A scale uses a subset consisting typically of 7 of these 12 as scale steps.
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2888:
1438:
156:
A measure of the width of each scale step provides a method to classify scales. For instance, in a chromatic scale each scale step represents a
1509:
245:
first note, and the decreasing C major scale is CâBâAâGâFâEâDâ, with the bracket indicating an octave lower than the first note in the scale.
930:
on the first key's fifth (or dominant) scale degree. In the key of C major, this would involve moving to the key of G major (which uses an F
1112:
821:. However, it is impossible to do this in scales that contain more than seven notes, at least in the English-language nomenclature system.
919:, a single scale step to become DâEâF. This process is called "scalar transposition" or "shifting to a new key" and can often be found in
1758:
264:
A single scale can be manifested at many different pitch levels. For example, a C major scale can be started at C4 (middle C; see
1732:
Database in .xls and FileMaker formats of all 2048 possible unique scales in 12 tone equal temperament + meantone alternatives.
498:
generally consist of seven notes and repeat at the octave. Notes in the commonly used scales (see just below) are separated by
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intervals plays a large part in the sound of the scale, the natural movement of melody within the scale, and the selection of
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Many other musical traditions use scales that include other intervals. These scales originate within the derivation of the
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Composers transform musical patterns by moving every note in the pattern by a constant number of scale steps: thus, in the
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Scales may also be identified by using a binary system of twelve zeros or ones to represent each of the twelve notes of a
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776:(or leading-note); otherwise the leading-tone refers to the raised subtonic. Also commonly used is the (movable do)
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and scales are used, often within the same piece of music. Chromatic scales are common, especially in modern jazz.
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In the 19th century (to a certain extent), but more in the 20th century, additional types of scales were explored:
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728:(C, D, E, F, G, A, B) can be labeled {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, reflecting the choice of C as tonic. The expression
1751:
423:, and might never be heard more than one note at a time, still the absence, presence, and placement of certain
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197:
A specific scale is defined by its characteristic interval pattern and by a special note, known as its first
17:
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Peninsulae, which are based on inharmonic resonance of the dominant metalophone and xylophone instruments.
419:
intervals, a 6-note scale has 15, a 7-note scale has 21, an 8-note scale has 28. Though the scale is not a
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series. Many musical scales in the world are based on this system, except most of the musical scales from
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45:
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1985:
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168:(an interval spanning two semitones, e.g. from C to D), and H stands for half-step (e.g. from C to D
2979:
2229:
2179:
2068:
1975:
1488:
Daniel Starr. âSets, Invariance, and
Partitionsâ. In: Journal of Music Theory 22.1 (1978), pp. 1â42
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includes a three-semitone step; the anhemitonic pentatonic includes two of those and no semitones.
495:
3165:
3160:
3018:
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2189:
1464:
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844:, an approach which indicates the fret number and string upon which each scale degree is played.
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579:
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52:
1532:"An ensemble with the chinese pentatonic scale using electroencephalogram from both hemispheres"
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Alexander
Brinkman. Pascal Programming for Music Research. University of Chicago Press, 1990.
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1995:
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intervals. In both rÄgas and maqamat, the distance between a note and an inflection (e.g.,
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These scales are used in all of their transpositions. The music of this period introduces
268:) and ascending an octave to C5; or it could be started at C6, ascending an octave to C7.
8:
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Scales may be described according to the number of different pitch classes they contain:
153:, there is no limit to how many notes can be injected within any given musical interval.
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1716:
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1886:
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1348:. Pretoria: Centre for Indigenous Instrumental African Music and Dance. Volume 1 p. 34
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is built using the notes of a single scale, which can be conveniently represented on a
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772:. If the subtonic is a semitone away from the tonic, then it is usually called the
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The scale degrees of a heptatonic (7-note) scale can also be named using the terms
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Explanation of the origin of musical scales clarified by a string division method
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The notes of a scale form intervals with each of the other notes of the chord in
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1629:, second edition, edited by Diana Deutsch, 215â264. New York: Academic Press.
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174:). Based on their interval patterns, scales are put into categories including
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In many musical circumstances, a specific note of the scale is chosen as the
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134:
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106:". Therefore, any scale is distinguishable by its "step-pattern", or how its
88:
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Music of the common practice periods (1600â1900) uses three types of scale:
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1938:
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1203:
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Scales may also be described by their constituent intervals, such as being
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article for how the notes are customarily named in different countries.
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1918:
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A large variety of other scales exists, some of the more common being:
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that contains semitones is called hemitonic, and without semitones is
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Burns, Edwaard M. 1998. "Intervals, Scales, and Tuning.", p. 247. In
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is defined by the interval pattern WâWâHâWâWâWâH, where W stands for
35:
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employ scale intervals smaller than a semitone. The blue note is an
233:
Scales are typically listed from low to high pitch. Most scales are
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1933:
1908:
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but "in the middle", giving it a characteristic flavour. A regular
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240:, meaning their pattern of notes is the same in every octave (the
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2080:
2063:
2038:
2023:
2008:
1965:
1808:
1118:
1022:
912:
753:
551:(seven notes)âthis includes the major scale and the natural minor
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are rare, and somewhat unsystematically used, often to avoid the
435:
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248:
The distance between two successive notes in a scale is called a
206:
122:
63:
1138:
936:). Composers also often modulate to other related keys. In some
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2033:
1960:
235:
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Scales may also be described by their symmetry, such as being
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1955:
1853:
1833:
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1006:
994:
873:. In particular, transposition and modulation are different;.
1249:"Scale | Definition, Music Theory, & Types | Britannica"
1803:
331:
1129:, none including equally tempered nor harmonic intervals.
704:
is a scale other than the primary or original scale. See:
343:(7 notes per octave): the most common modern Western scale
256:
D and F also create a third (in this case a minor third).
1393:, pp.7ff. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. LOC 58-8138.
969:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
639:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
578:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
284:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
51:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
1276:, seventh edition: vol. 1, p. 25. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
1589:"Chinese Music and Musical Traditions of Eastern Asia"
1530:
Wu, Dan; Li, Chao-Yi; Yao, De-Zhong (1 October 2013).
696:
Scales such as the pentatonic scale may be considered
1690:(revised ed.). New York: Masaya Music Services.
1650:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
1055:
In
Western music, scale notes are often separated by
1170:
1712:
Octave
Frequency Sweep, Consonance & Dissonance
733:When we do so, we create a new scale called the A
349:(6 notes per octave): common in Western folk music
1722:Visual representation of scales from WolframTones
1272:Benward, Bruce and Saker, Marilyn Nadine (2003).
1163:) of that same note may be less than a semitone.
915:scale, the pattern CâDâE might be shifted up, or
399:, or having rotational symmetry as in Messiaen's
83:that form a progression between one note and its
27:Ascending or descending sequence of musical tones
3152:
1107:full-octave spanning scales. Among these scales
528:periods (1100â1600) tends to use the white-note
1668:. Latina, Italy: Il Levante Libreria Editrice.
1121:music uses a small variety of scales including
847:
217:
2723:
2355:
1752:
1141:often use intervals smaller than a semitone.
879:. There might be a discussion about this on
1666:Enharmonic Instruments and Music, 1470â1900
98:The word "scale" originates from the Latin
2737:
2730:
2716:
2362:
2348:
2314:
1759:
1745:
2369:
1717:WolframTonesâhear and play musical scales
1563:
899:Learn how and when to remove this message
1688:The Complete Thesaurus of Musical Scales
1648:Classical Persian Music: An Introduction
1402:
1097:
453:
221:
209:indicates a major scale with a C tonic.
113:Often, especially in the context of the
1586:
1529:
1038:is often used. In jazz, many different
14:
3153:
1365:Nettl, Bruno, and Helen Myers (1976).
1225:
311:, or dodecatonic (12 notes per octave)
2711:
2343:
1740:
1344:Nzewi, Meki, and Odyke Nzewi (2007),
1045:
1766:
1385:
1383:
1346:A Contemporary Study of Musical Arts
1326:from the original on 15 October 2017
1243:
1241:
1221:
1219:
1050:
851:
667:(a mode of the harmonic minor scale)
700:relative to the diatonic scale. An
406:
24:
1657:
1444:from the original on 9 August 2017
1391:Harmonic Materials of Modern Music
1226:Denyer, Ralph (30 November 1982).
415:. A 5-note scale has 10 of these
25:
3182:
1705:
1380:
1238:
1216:
1009:cannot play blue notes, but with
950:
271:
2324:
2323:
2313:
1189:List of musical scales and modes
1173:
1079:are complementary values of the
856:
809:
483:
431:taken naturally from the scale.
369:(2 notes): generally limited to
1640:
1619:
1580:
1523:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1457:
1367:Folk Music in the United States
1031:or a note moving between both.
66:scale, ascending and descending
1396:
1359:
1338:
1308:
1287:
1266:
458:Scales can be abstracted from
434:A musical scale that contains
401:modes of limited transposition
330:(8 notes per octave): used in
79:is "any consecutive series of
30:For psychoacoustic scale, see
13:
1:
1274:Music: In Theory and Practice
1209:
715:
212:
1408:"Scale Networks and Debussy"
1001:that is technically neither
989:Through the introduction of
966:
848:Transposition and modulation
831:Scales may also be shown as
636:
575:
281:
218:Scales, steps, and intervals
48:
7:
2124:History of music publishing
1664:Barbieri, Patrizio (2008).
1295:Musical Scales of the World
1166:
840:, scales can be notated in
466:. They are also often used
110:interact with each other.
10:
3187:
2501:Ptolemy's intense diatonic
1469:All About Music Theory.com
1297:, pp. 2â3. The Note Tree.
954:
923:and patterns. (It is DâEâF
710:Auxiliary diminished scale
487:
29:
3077:
3045:
3027:
2999:
2941:
2875:
2824:
2787:
2754:
2745:
2704:
2668:
2534:
2418:
2382:
2329:Category:Musical notation
2309:
2273:
2195:Numbered musical notation
2147:
2114:
1994:
1986:Scientific pitch notation
1877:
1774:
1548:10.1007/s12264-013-1334-y
1427:10.1215/00222909-48-2-219
554:The melodic and harmonic
496:traditional Western music
266:scientific pitch notation
102:, which literally means "
87:", typically by order of
2980:descending melodic major
2927:descending melodic minor
1976:Helmholtz pitch notation
1421:(2): 219â294 (254â264).
1293:Hewitt, Michael (2013).
1103:shang, jue, chi and yu.
1066:
654:starting on C, ascending
593:starting on F, ascending
317:(9 notes per octave): a
259:
140:Due to the principle of
2955:ascending melodic minor
2893:ascending melodic major
2319:List of musical symbols
2190:Nashville Number System
1627:The Psychology of Music
1415:Journal of Music Theory
1389:Hanson, Howard. (1960)
971:download the audio file
665:Phrygian dominant scale
641:download the audio file
580:download the audio file
286:download the audio file
53:download the audio file
2966:Lydian augmented (III)
2739:Modes in Western music
1869:Transposing instrument
1587:Van KhĂȘ, TrĂąn (1985).
1512:24 August 2012 at the
1131:Indian classical music
336:modern classical music
323:heptatonic blues scale
230:
226:Diatonic scale in the
115:common practice period
3047:Double harmonic scale
3019:Phrygian dominant (V)
3014:Ukrainian Dorian (IV)
1536:Neuroscience Bulletin
1098:Intra-scale intervals
686:scales (called echoi)
678:Hungarian minor scale
652:Hungarian minor scale
520:Western music in the
454:Scales in composition
225:
117:, most or all of the
93:fundamental frequency
3060:Hungarian minor (IV)
2986:Half diminished (VI)
2976:Aeolian dominant (V)
2572:17 equal temperament
1646:Zonis , Ella. 1973.
1320:www.allthescales.org
869:confusing or unclear
515:harmonic minor scale
3055:Double harmonic (I)
2215:Percussion notation
1228:The Guitar Handbook
1061:twelfth root of two
877:clarify the section
500:whole and half step
373:("primitive") music
242:BohlenâPierce scale
3037:Harmonic major (I)
3009:Harmonic minor (I)
2506:Scale of harmonics
1593:The World of Music
1253:www.britannica.com
1046:Non-Western scales
938:Romantic music era
706:modulation (music)
468:precompositionally
231:
160:interval, while a
3148:
3147:
3073:
3072:
2820:
2819:
2609:
2600:
2586:
2584:Escala nordestina
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2496:Phrygian dominant
2337:
2336:
2281:Mensural notation
1697:978-0-9676353-0-9
1684:Yamaguchi, Masaya
1675:978-88-95203-14-0
1375:978-0-8143-1557-6
1354:978-1-920051-62-4
1303:978-0-9575470-0-1
1282:978-0-07-294262-0
1199:Pitch circularity
1077:Musical intervals
1051:Equal temperament
975:
921:musical sequences
909:
908:
901:
801:rather than AâBâD
645:
625:diminished scales
623:The octatonic or
584:
321:variation of the
290:
57:
16:(Redirected from
3178:
2752:
2751:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2660:Ukrainian Dorian
2603:
2594:
2582:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2436:Diminished scale
2364:
2357:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2327:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2180:Graphic notation
1844:Rehearsal letter
1768:Musical notation
1761:
1754:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1701:
1679:
1651:
1644:
1638:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1567:
1527:
1521:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1443:
1412:
1404:Tymoczko, Dmitri
1400:
1394:
1387:
1378:
1363:
1357:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1316:"All The Scales"
1312:
1306:
1291:
1285:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1223:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1135:seven-note scale
1133:uses a moveable
1057:equally tempered
1036:pentatonic scale
1030:
1029:
946:
945:
935:
934:
928:
927:
904:
897:
893:
890:
884:
860:
859:
852:
820:
819:
814:
813:
806:
805:
800:
799:
794:
793:
788:
787:
618:pentatonic scale
611:whole-tone scale
591:whole tone scale
407:Harmonic content
228:chromatic circle
173:
172:
151:microtonal music
133:with a standard
21:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3078:Number of tones
3069:
3041:
3023:
2995:
2937:
2871:
2816:
2783:
2741:
2736:
2700:
2664:
2625:Hungarian minor
2620:Hungarian major
2551:Double harmonic
2530:
2521:Synthetic scale
2446:Double harmonic
2414:
2378:
2368:
2338:
2333:
2305:
2269:
2143:
2134:Music publisher
2129:Music engraving
2110:
1990:
1981:Letter notation
1873:
1770:
1765:
1708:
1698:
1682:
1676:
1663:
1660:
1658:Further reading
1655:
1654:
1645:
1641:
1624:
1620:
1585:
1581:
1528:
1524:
1514:Wayback Machine
1505:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1465:"C Major Scale"
1463:
1462:
1458:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1410:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1381:
1364:
1360:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1292:
1288:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1232:Alfred A. Knopf
1224:
1217:
1212:
1194:Melodic pattern
1179:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1100:
1073:harmonic series
1069:
1053:
1048:
1027:
1026:
1011:electric guitar
1003:major nor minor
987:
986:
985:
984:on C, ascending
978:
977:
976:
974:
959:
953:
943:
942:
932:
931:
925:
924:
905:
894:
888:
885:
874:
861:
857:
850:
826:chromatic scale
817:
816:
808:
803:
802:
797:
796:
791:
790:
785:
784:
718:
702:auxiliary scale
684:Byzantine music
657:
656:
655:
648:
647:
646:
644:
604:chromatic scale
596:
595:
594:
587:
586:
585:
583:
532:CâDâEâFâGâAâB.
492:
486:
456:
409:
365:(3 notes), and
302:
301:
300:
297:chromatic scale
293:
292:
291:
289:
274:
262:
220:
215:
170:
169:
69:
68:
67:
60:
59:
58:
56:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3184:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3166:Musical tuning
3163:
3161:Musical scales
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3029:Harmonic major
3025:
3024:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3003:
3001:Harmonic minor
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2961:Dorian â2 (II)
2958:
2951:Jazz minor (I)
2947:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2916:
2914:Mixolydian (V)
2911:
2906:
2904:Phrygian (III)
2901:
2896:
2881:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2812:Hypomixolydian
2809:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2712:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2655:Romanian major
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2601:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2516:Synthetic mode
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2476:Harmonic minor
2473:
2471:Harmonic major
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2441:Distance model
2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2371:Musical scales
2367:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2344:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2321:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2120:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1859:Time signature
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1706:External links
1704:
1703:
1702:
1696:
1680:
1674:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1639:
1618:
1579:
1542:(5): 581â587.
1522:
1520:on furious.com
1499:
1490:
1481:
1456:
1395:
1379:
1358:
1337:
1307:
1286:
1265:
1237:
1234:. p. 104.
1214:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1168:
1165:
1146:Turkish makams
1099:
1096:
1068:
1065:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
979:
968:
965:
962:
961:
960:
952:
951:Jazz and blues
949:
907:
906:
864:
862:
855:
849:
846:
717:
714:
694:
693:
687:
680:
674:
668:
649:
638:
635:
632:
631:
630:
629:
628:
621:
614:
607:
606:(twelve notes)
588:
577:
574:
571:
570:
569:
560:
559:
552:
549:diatonic scale
530:diatonic scale
485:
482:
477:L'Isle Joyeuse
472:Claude Debussy
455:
452:
442:. A scale or
408:
405:
375:
374:
356:
350:
344:
338:
325:
312:
294:
283:
280:
277:
276:
275:
273:
272:Types of scale
270:
261:
258:
219:
216:
214:
211:
194:, and others.
61:
50:
47:
44:
43:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3183:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2991:Altered (VII)
2989:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2971:Acoustic (IV)
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2933:Locrian (VII)
2931:
2928:
2924:
2923:natural minor
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2890:
2889:natural major
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2867:Reciting tone
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2696:BohlenâPierce
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2640:Jewish nusach
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2558:Major Locrian
2555:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:Ethnic origin
2533:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2491:Major Locrian
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2461:Flamenco mode
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2330:
2322:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2302:
2301:Transcription
2299:
2297:
2296:Sight-reading
2294:
2292:
2291:Perfect pitch
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:Ancient Greek
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Chord diagram
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:Braille music
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:Other systems
2146:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1879:Musical notes
1876:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:Transposition
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:Key signature
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1699:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1649:
1643:
1636:
1635:0-12-213564-4
1632:
1628:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1171:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1143:Turkish music
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
983:
972:
958:
948:
939:
922:
918:
914:
903:
900:
892:
882:
881:the talk page
878:
872:
870:
865:This section
863:
854:
853:
845:
843:
839:
834:
829:
827:
822:
812:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
742:
740:
736:
731:
727:
723:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
692:
691:Persian scale
688:
685:
681:
679:
675:
673:
672:Arabic scales
669:
666:
662:
661:
660:
653:
642:
627:(eight notes)
626:
622:
619:
615:
612:
608:
605:
601:
600:
599:
592:
581:
568:
565:
558:(seven notes)
557:
553:
550:
546:
545:
544:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
501:
497:
491:
484:Western music
481:
479:
478:
473:
469:
465:
461:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
404:
402:
398:
394:
389:
386:
384:
380:
372:
368:
364:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
337:
333:
329:
326:
324:
320:
316:
313:
310:
307:
306:
305:
298:
287:
269:
267:
257:
253:
251:
246:
243:
239:
237:
229:
224:
210:
208:
204:
200:
195:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
167:
163:
159:
154:
152:
148:
143:
138:
136:
135:key signature
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
109:
105:
101:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
65:
54:
41:
37:
33:
19:
18:Musical scale
3171:Music theory
3065:Oriental (V)
2919:Aeolian (VI)
2802:Hypophrygian
2604:
2595:
2565:Quarter tone
2383:Main Western
2370:
2200:Klavarskribo
2175:Figured bass
2049:Appoggiatura
1996:Articulation
1838:
1794:Abbreviation
1687:
1665:
1647:
1642:
1626:
1621:
1599:(1): 78â90.
1596:
1592:
1582:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1518:Yuri Landman
1502:
1493:
1484:
1474:12 September
1472:. Retrieved
1468:
1459:
1446:. Retrieved
1418:
1414:
1398:
1390:
1366:
1361:
1345:
1340:
1328:. Retrieved
1319:
1310:
1294:
1289:
1273:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1252:
1230:. New York:
1227:
1204:Shepard tone
1181:Music portal
1157:quarter tone
1150:Arabic music
1117:
1105:
1101:
1070:
1054:
1034:In blues, a
1033:
988:
980:A hexatonic
910:
895:
886:
875:Please help
866:
830:
823:
782:
774:leading-tone
743:
739:musical note
730:scale degree
719:
701:
697:
695:
658:
620:(five notes)
597:
563:
561:
556:minor scales
542:
519:
510:
506:
493:
490:Musical mode
475:
457:
439:
433:
410:
390:
387:
376:
303:
263:
254:
247:
234:
232:
196:
155:
139:
127:musical work
112:
99:
97:
76:
73:music theory
70:
40:
2909:Lydian (IV)
2899:Dorian (II)
2857:Hypolocrian
2847:Hypoaeolian
2419:Other types
2286:Music stand
2160:Chord chart
2139:Scorewriter
2116:Sheet music
1914:Dotted note
1849:Repeat sign
1824:Ledger line
1727:ScaleCoding
1109:Hejaz scale
993:, jazz and
982:blues scale
957:Jazz scales
889:August 2018
838:bass guitar
758:subdominant
735:minor scale
726:major scale
613:(six notes)
564:modulation,
534:Accidentals
526:Renaissance
464:composition
460:performance
448:anhemitonic
413:combination
393:palindromic
383:cohemitonic
371:prehistoric
361:(4 notes),
299:, ascending
162:major scale
3155:Categories
3121:Heptatonic
3109:Pentatonic
3103:Tetratonic
2943:Jazz minor
2885:Ionian (I)
2862:Pentatonic
2837:Hypoionian
2807:Hypolydian
2797:Hypodorian
2779:Mixolydian
2669:Non-octave
2645:Neapolitan
2526:Whole tone
2486:Jazz minor
2451:Enharmonic
2400:Pentatonic
2260:Shakuhachi
2235:Ekphonetic
2220:Simplified
2185:Lead sheet
2059:Grace note
1924:Note value
1919:Grace note
1887:Accidental
1210:References
1113:Saba scale
991:blue notes
955:See also:
917:transposed
871:to readers
842:tabulature
766:submediant
750:supertonic
737:. See the
716:Note names
511:semitones.
494:Scales in
488:See also:
359:Tetratonic
353:Pentatonic
341:Heptatonic
250:scale step
238:-repeating
213:Background
176:pentatonic
166:whole step
32:bark scale
3139:Chromatic
3133:Decatonic
3127:Octatonic
3115:Hexatonic
3085:Monotonic
2756:Authentic
2747:Gregorian
2511:Symmetric
2456:Enigmatic
2410:Chromatic
2255:Swaralipi
2245:Kunkunshi
2205:Tablature
2170:Eye music
2054:Glissando
2029:Fingering
1814:Dal segno
1605:0043-8774
1556:1995-8218
1435:0022-2909
1137:. Indian
1092:Indochina
1088:Indonesia
1084:overtones
1015:saxophone
833:semitones
503:intervals
440:atritonic
379:hemitonic
347:Hexatonic
328:Octatonic
319:chromatic
315:Nonatonic
309:Chromatic
184:chromatic
108:intervals
36:mel scale
3097:Tritonic
2877:Diatonic
2769:Phrygian
2635:Japanese
2591:Gamelan
2542:Algerian
2466:Harmonic
2405:Diatonic
2265:Znamenny
2106:Tonguing
2091:Staccato
2044:Ornament
2019:Dynamics
1971:Interval
1934:Notehead
1909:Cue note
1686:(2006).
1613:43562680
1574:23604597
1510:Archived
1439:Archived
1406:(2004).
1369:, p.39.
1330:28 April
1324:Archived
1167:See also
1155:may use
1090:and the
1081:harmonic
1028:♯
1019:trombone
999:interval
944:♯
933:♯
926:♯
818:♯
804:♭
798:♯
792:♯
786:♯
770:subtonic
762:dominant
522:Medieval
436:tritones
417:harmonic
363:tritonic
180:diatonic
171:♭
158:semitone
147:interval
3091:Ditonic
2852:Locrian
2842:Aeolian
2650:Persian
2630:Istrian
2606:Slendro
2579:Brazil
2546:Arabic
2274:Related
2240:Gamelan
2230:Chinese
2210:Parsons
2081:Portato
2064:Mordent
2039:Marcato
2024:Fermata
2014:Damping
2009:Caesura
1966:Tremolo
1897:natural
1809:Da capo
1565:5561954
1448:18 July
1258:25 June
1153:maqamat
1127:Sléndro
1119:Gamelan
1023:trumpet
947:major.
913:C major
867:may be
778:solfĂšge
754:mediant
538:tritone
367:ditonic
207:C major
123:harmony
64:C major
2832:Ionian
2789:Plagal
2774:Lydian
2764:Dorian
2096:Tenuto
2034:Legato
2004:Accent
1961:Tuplet
1694:
1672:
1633:
1611:
1603:
1572:
1562:
1554:
1433:
1373:
1352:
1301:
1280:
807:âDâEâE
789:âDâEâF
698:gapped
429:chords
397:chiral
236:octave
199:degree
142:octave
119:melody
104:ladder
85:octave
2825:Other
2705:Modes
2691:Delta
2686:Gamma
2676:Alpha
2615:Gypsy
2597:Pelog
2431:Blues
2426:Bebop
2395:Minor
2390:Major
2250:Neume
2074:Trill
2069:Slide
1956:Tacet
1946:Pitch
1902:sharp
1854:Tempo
1839:Scale
1834:Ossia
1776:Staff
1609:JSTOR
1442:(PDF)
1411:(PDF)
1161:Ćruti
1139:RÄgas
1123:PĂ©log
1067:Other
1040:modes
1007:piano
995:blues
746:tonic
722:tonic
507:tones
444:chord
421:chord
260:Pitch
203:tonic
192:minor
188:major
131:staff
125:of a
100:scala
89:pitch
81:notes
77:scale
3141:(12)
3135:(10)
2925:and
2891:and
2681:Beta
2481:Jazz
2375:list
2086:Slur
1951:Rest
1939:stem
1929:beam
1892:flat
1829:Mode
1804:Clef
1692:ISBN
1670:ISBN
1631:ISBN
1601:ISSN
1570:PMID
1552:ISSN
1476:2022
1450:2017
1431:ISSN
1371:ISBN
1350:ISBN
1332:2018
1299:ISBN
1278:ISBN
1260:2024
1148:and
1125:and
1021:and
708:and
689:The
682:The
676:The
670:The
663:The
650:The
616:The
609:The
602:The
589:The
547:The
524:and
513:The
509:and
334:and
332:jazz
295:The
201:(or
121:and
75:, a
62:The
34:and
3129:(8)
3123:(7)
3117:(6)
3111:(5)
3105:(4)
3099:(3)
3093:(2)
3087:(1)
2101:Tie
1799:Bar
1560:PMC
1544:doi
1516:by
1423:doi
505:of
474:'s
462:or
425:key
95:.
91:or
71:In
3157::
1789:15
1607:.
1597:27
1595:.
1591:.
1568:.
1558:.
1550:.
1540:29
1538:.
1534:.
1467:.
1437:.
1429:.
1419:48
1417:.
1413:.
1382:^
1322:.
1318:.
1251:.
1240:^
1218:^
1075:.
1017:,
1013:,
815:âG
795:âG
768:,
764:,
760:,
756:,
752:,
748:,
712:.
540:.
450:.
403:.
395:,
381:,
252:.
190:,
186:,
182:,
178:,
137:.
2982:)
2978:(
2957:)
2953:(
2929:)
2921:(
2895:)
2887:(
2731:e
2724:t
2717:v
2377:)
2373:(
2363:e
2356:t
2349:v
1784:8
1760:e
1753:t
1746:v
1700:.
1678:.
1637:.
1615:.
1576:.
1546::
1478:.
1454:.
1452:.
1425::
1377:.
1356:.
1334:.
1305:.
1284:.
1262:.
973:.
941:F
902:)
896:(
891:)
887:(
883:.
643:.
582:.
288:.
55:.
38:.
20:)
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