1504:
22:
1791:
718:
form the harmonic series. Overtones which are perfect integer multiples of the fundamental are called harmonics. When an overtone is near to being harmonic, but not exact, it is sometimes called a harmonic partial, although they are often referred to simply as harmonics. Sometimes overtones are created that are not anywhere near a harmonic, and are just called partials or inharmonic overtones.
717:
The fundamental is the frequency at which the entire wave vibrates. Overtones are other sinusoidal components present at frequencies above the fundamental. All of the frequency components that make up the total waveform, including the fundamental and the overtones, are called partials. Together they
753:
Consider a spring, fixed at one end and having a mass attached to the other; this would be a single degree of freedom (SDoF) oscillator. Once set into motion, it will oscillate at its natural frequency. For a single degree of freedom oscillator, a system in which the motion can be described by a
714:. A harmonic is any member of the harmonic series, an ideal set of frequencies that are positive integer multiples of a common fundamental frequency. The reason a fundamental is also considered a harmonic is because it is 1 times itself.
81:, the fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency sinusoidal in the sum of harmonically related frequencies, or the frequency of the difference between adjacent frequencies. In some contexts, the fundamental is usually abbreviated as
729:. The numbering of the partials and harmonics is then usually the same; the second partial is the second harmonic, etc. But if there are inharmonic partials, the numbering no longer coincides. Overtones are numbered as they appear
1101:
1003:
906:
1318:
806:
235:
332:
also satisfies this definition, the fundamental period is defined as the smallest period over which the function may be described completely. The fundamental frequency is defined as its reciprocal:
548:
745:
harmonic). As this can result in confusion, only harmonics are usually referred to by their numbers, and overtones and partials are described by their relationships to those harmonics.
754:
single coordinate, the natural frequency depends on two system properties: mass and stiffness; (providing the system is undamped). The natural frequency, or fundamental frequency,
689:
617:
372:
497:
404:
1206:
266:
1266:
642:
459:
570:
436:
330:
306:
286:
167:
1858:
136:
Since the fundamental is the lowest frequency and is also perceived as the loudest, the ear identifies it as the specific pitch of the musical tone [
149:
All sinusoidal and many non-sinusoidal waveforms repeat exactly over time â they are periodic. The period of a waveform is the smallest positive value
1372:
948:
851:
1175:
2008:
1827:
766:
174:
1713:
1128:
572:
is the speed of the wave, the fundamental frequency can be found in terms of the speed of the wave and the length of the pipe:
2328:
1388:
1355:
1440:
710:
over the full length of a string or air column, or a higher harmonic chosen by the player. The fundamental is one of the
1213:
1273:
1983:
506:
621:
If the ends of the same pipe are now both closed or both opened, the wavelength of the fundamental harmonic becomes
2203:
1326:
140:].... The individual partials are not heard separately but are blended together by the ear into a single tone.
1154:
1237:
1820:
1070:
1404:
649:
577:
337:
703:
74:
1854:
1552:
2323:
1962:
1673:
1182:
1075:
466:
1813:
1728:
2313:
1973:
1921:
1608:
1465:
1433:
1045:
1939:
1547:
1457:
1297:
1946:
1688:
1490:
379:
308:
is all that is required to describe the waveform completely (for example, by the associated
2196:
91:
1805:
242:
8:
2165:
1988:
1875:
1708:
1618:
1055:
438:
with one end closed and the other end open the wavelength of the fundamental harmonic is
624:
441:
2318:
2282:
1951:
1794:
1640:
1630:
1591:
1426:
1080:
555:
421:
315:
291:
271:
152:
1503:
2277:
1934:
1845:
1764:
1596:
1384:
1351:
1060:
137:
1132:
2245:
2053:
1998:
1978:
1774:
1693:
1657:
1625:
1576:
1485:
1241:
2223:
2189:
2003:
1929:
1769:
1723:
1564:
1522:
63:
2041:
1968:
1892:
1837:
1718:
1703:
1650:
1368:
937:
309:
21:
2307:
2260:
2150:
2088:
1993:
1897:
1683:
1645:
1613:
1568:
1530:
1480:
1475:
699:
70:
29:
2265:
2170:
1678:
998:{\displaystyle f_{\mathrm {0} }={\frac {1}{2l}}{\sqrt {\frac {T}{\mu }}}\,}
901:{\displaystyle f_{\mathrm {0} }={\frac {1}{2\pi }}{\sqrt {\frac {k}{m}}}\,}
2145:
2103:
2058:
2023:
1907:
1887:
1870:
1698:
1510:
1065:
840:
To determine the natural frequency in Hz, the omega value is divided by 2
644:. By the same method as above, the fundamental frequency is found to be
2083:
2078:
2073:
1902:
1880:
1841:
1759:
1749:
1535:
2125:
2063:
2018:
1956:
1540:
1470:
1449:
1380:
818:
707:
78:
59:
25:
288:. This means that the waveform's values over any interval of length
2292:
2287:
2255:
2240:
2140:
2093:
2036:
1925:
1635:
1603:
711:
104:
66:
33:
2160:
2135:
2118:
2113:
2046:
2031:
1581:
1207:"Standing Wave in a Tube II â Finding the Fundamental Frequency"
2271:
2234:
2212:
2130:
2108:
2098:
2068:
801:{\displaystyle \omega _{\mathrm {0} }={\sqrt {\frac {k}{m}}}\,}
940:, the frequency of the 1st mode is the fundamental frequency.
230:{\displaystyle x(t)=x(t+T){\text{ for all }}t\in \mathbb {R} }
2250:
2155:
1754:
1107:
1050:
407:
122:
121:, etc. In this context, the zeroth harmonic would be 0
1418:
1912:
1835:
1744:
94:. In other contexts, it is more common to abbreviate it as
2181:
926:= stiffness of the spring (SI unit: newtons/metre or N/m)
376:
When the units of time are seconds, the frequency is in
842:
16:
Lowest frequency of a periodic waveform, such as sound
1212:. Nchsdduncanapphysics.wikispaces.com. Archived from
951:
854:
769:
652:
627:
580:
558:
509:
469:
444:
424:
382:
340:
318:
294:
274:
245:
177:
155:
1029:= mass per unit length of the string (SI unit: kg/m)
461:, as indicated by the first two animations. Hence,
997:
900:
800:
683:
636:
611:
564:
542:
491:
453:
430:
413:
398:
366:
324:
300:
280:
260:
229:
161:
2305:
1346:Benward, Bruce and Saker, Marilyn (1997/2003).
543:{\displaystyle \lambda _{0}={\frac {v}{f_{0}}}}
32:in a string, The fundamental and the first six
2197:
1821:
1434:
1176:"Fundamental Frequency of Continuous Signals"
761:, can be found using the following equation:
721:The fundamental frequency is considered the
1181:. Fourier.eng.hmc.edu. 2011. Archived from
1155:"Phonetics and Theory of Speech Production"
733:the fundamental. So strictly speaking, the
706:present. The fundamental may be created by
69:. In music, the fundamental is the musical
2204:
2190:
1828:
1814:
1441:
1427:
836:= natural frequency in radians per second.
702:of a note that is perceived as the lowest
73:of a note that is perceived as the lowest
1350:, Vol. I, 7th ed.; p. xiii. McGraw-Hill.
1035:= tension on the string (SI unit: newton)
994:
897:
797:
698:In music, the fundamental is the musical
223:
1377:Music, Cognition, and Computerized Sound
1152:
77:present. In terms of a superposition of
20:
1264:
1023:= length of the string (SI unit: metre)
2306:
1367:
1240:. Physics.Kennesaw.edu. Archived from
2185:
1809:
1422:
748:
684:{\displaystyle f_{0}={\frac {v}{2L}}}
612:{\displaystyle f_{0}={\frac {v}{4L}}}
1017:= natural frequency (SI unit: hertz)
920:= natural frequency (SI unit: hertz)
367:{\displaystyle f_{0}={\frac {1}{T}}}
1099:
1071:Harmonic series (music)#Terminology
128:According to Benward's and Saker's
13:
90:, indicating the lowest frequency
43:, often referred to simply as the
14:
2340:
1325:. Open University. Archived from
169:for which the following is true:
1790:
1789:
1502:
1131:. Phon.UCL.ac.uk. Archived from
312:). Since any multiple of period
1397:
1361:
1340:
1300:. Hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu
492:{\displaystyle \lambda _{0}=4L}
414:Fundamental frequency of a pipe
107:. (The second harmonic is then
1311:
1290:
1272:. Colorado.edu. Archived from
1258:
1230:
1199:
1168:
1146:
1121:
1102:"Som, intensidade, frequĂȘncia"
1093:
501:Therefore, using the relation
255:
249:
208:
196:
187:
181:
144:
1:
1448:
1405:"About the String Calculator"
1348:Music: In Theory and Practice
1086:
268:is the value of the waveform
130:Music: In Theory and Practice
2329:Spectrum (physical sciences)
1298:"Standing Waves on a String"
1267:"Phys 1240: Sound and Music"
1106:Instituto de BiociĂȘncias da
58:), is defined as the lowest
7:
1375:. In Cook, Perry R. (ed.).
1039:
943:This is also expressed as:
693:
10:
2347:
2211:
2219:
2017:
1963:Music On A Long Thin Wire
1866:
1852:
1785:
1737:
1666:
1563:
1521:
1497:
1456:
1319:"Creating musical sounds"
1238:"Physics: Standing Waves"
1076:Pitch detection algorithm
741:partial (and usually the
1859:HornbostelâSachs numbers
1265:Pollock, Steven (2005).
1100:Nishida, Silvia Mitiko.
1466:Architectural acoustics
1373:"Consonance and Scales"
1153:Lemmetty, Sami (1999).
1046:Greatest common divisor
1940:Long-string instrument
1553:FletcherâMunson curves
1548:Equal-loudness contour
1458:Acoustical engineering
1409:www.wirestrungharp.com
999:
902:
802:
685:
638:
613:
566:
544:
493:
455:
432:
400:
399:{\displaystyle s^{-1}}
368:
326:
302:
282:
262:
231:
163:
142:
36:
2229:Fundamental frequency
1689:Hermann von Helmholtz
1587:Fundamental frequency
1491:Sympathetic resonance
1000:
932:= mass (SI unit: kg).
903:
803:
686:
639:
614:
567:
545:
494:
456:
433:
418:For a pipe of length
401:
369:
327:
303:
283:
263:
232:
164:
134:
41:fundamental frequency
24:
949:
852:
767:
650:
625:
578:
556:
507:
467:
442:
422:
380:
338:
316:
292:
272:
261:{\displaystyle x(t)}
243:
175:
153:
1709:Werner Meyer-Eppler
1619:Missing fundamental
1056:Missing fundamental
213: for all
2283:Sympathetic string
1947:Melde's experiment
1592:Frequency spectrum
1157:. Acoustics.hut.fi
1081:Scale of harmonics
995:
898:
798:
749:Mechanical systems
681:
637:{\displaystyle 2L}
634:
609:
562:
540:
489:
454:{\displaystyle 4L}
451:
428:
396:
364:
322:
298:
278:
258:
227:
159:
92:counting from zero
37:
2301:
2300:
2278:Spectral envelope
2179:
2178:
1935:Longitudinal wave
1803:
1802:
1765:Musical acoustics
1597:harmonic spectrum
1390:978-0-262-53190-0
1356:978-0-07-294262-0
1061:Natural frequency
992:
991:
980:
895:
894:
883:
795:
794:
679:
607:
565:{\displaystyle v}
538:
431:{\displaystyle L}
362:
325:{\displaystyle T}
301:{\displaystyle T}
281:{\displaystyle t}
214:
162:{\displaystyle T}
138:harmonic spectrum
2336:
2324:Fourier analysis
2206:
2199:
2192:
2183:
2182:
1999:String vibration
1830:
1823:
1816:
1807:
1806:
1793:
1792:
1694:Carleen Hutchins
1626:Combination tone
1513:
1506:
1486:String vibration
1443:
1436:
1429:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1365:
1359:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1294:
1288:
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1278:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1255:
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1252:
1246:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1218:
1211:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1187:
1180:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1097:
1004:
1002:
1001:
996:
993:
984:
983:
981:
979:
968:
963:
962:
961:
907:
905:
904:
899:
896:
887:
886:
884:
882:
871:
866:
865:
864:
807:
805:
804:
799:
796:
787:
786:
781:
780:
779:
737:overtone is the
690:
688:
687:
682:
680:
678:
667:
662:
661:
643:
641:
640:
635:
618:
616:
615:
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589:
571:
569:
568:
563:
549:
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541:
539:
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536:
524:
519:
518:
498:
496:
495:
490:
479:
478:
460:
458:
457:
452:
437:
435:
434:
429:
406:, also known as
405:
403:
402:
397:
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394:
373:
371:
370:
365:
363:
355:
350:
349:
331:
329:
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323:
307:
305:
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287:
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279:
267:
265:
264:
259:
236:
234:
233:
228:
226:
215:
212:
168:
166:
165:
160:
49:(abbreviated as
2346:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2246:Microinflection
2224:Colors of noise
2215:
2210:
2180:
2175:
2084:Japanese fiddle
2022:
2013:
2004:Transverse wave
1952:Mersenne's laws
1930:String harmonic
1862:
1848:
1834:
1804:
1799:
1781:
1733:
1724:D. Van Holliday
1662:
1631:Mersenne's laws
1565:Audio frequency
1559:
1523:Psychoacoustics
1517:
1516:
1509:
1495:
1452:
1447:
1417:
1416:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1369:Pierce, John R.
1366:
1362:
1345:
1341:
1332:
1330:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1263:
1259:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1158:
1151:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1042:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1005:
982:
972:
967:
957:
956:
952:
950:
947:
946:
931:
925:
919:
916:
908:
885:
875:
870:
860:
859:
855:
853:
850:
849:
845:
835:
832:
826:
816:
808:
785:
775:
774:
770:
768:
765:
764:
760:
757:
751:
696:
691:
671:
666:
657:
653:
651:
648:
647:
626:
623:
622:
619:
599:
594:
585:
581:
579:
576:
575:
557:
554:
553:
550:
532:
528:
523:
514:
510:
508:
505:
504:
499:
474:
470:
468:
465:
464:
443:
440:
439:
423:
420:
419:
416:
387:
383:
381:
378:
377:
374:
354:
345:
341:
339:
336:
335:
317:
314:
313:
293:
290:
289:
273:
270:
269:
244:
241:
240:
237:
222:
211:
176:
173:
172:
154:
151:
150:
147:
120:
117:
113:
110:
101:
98:
88:
85:
56:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2344:
2343:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2314:Musical tuning
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
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2226:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2186:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
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2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2042:Bladder fiddle
2039:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1959:
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1932:
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1752:
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1739:
1738:Related topics
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1719:Joseph Sauveur
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:Marin Mersenne
1701:
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1310:
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1038:
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1032:
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1026:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1011:
990:
987:
978:
975:
971:
966:
960:
955:
945:
938:modal analysis
936:While doing a
934:
933:
929:
927:
923:
921:
917:
914:
893:
890:
881:
878:
874:
869:
863:
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848:
841:
838:
837:
833:
830:
828:
824:
822:
814:
793:
790:
784:
778:
773:
763:
758:
755:
750:
747:
732:
723:first harmonic
695:
692:
677:
674:
670:
665:
660:
656:
646:
633:
630:
605:
602:
598:
593:
588:
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531:
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488:
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412:
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353:
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321:
310:Fourier series
297:
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143:
118:
115:
111:
108:
99:
96:
86:
83:
54:
51:
30:standing waves
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2342:
2341:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:Tromba marina
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:Standing wave
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
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1865:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1831:
1826:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1796:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
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1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1714:Lord Rayleigh
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1684:Ernst Chladni
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1646:Standing wave
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1614:Inharmonicity
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
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1574:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1554:
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1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1481:Soundproofing
1479:
1477:
1476:Reverberation
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1392:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1329:on 2020-04-09
1328:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1299:
1293:
1279:on 2014-05-15
1275:
1268:
1261:
1247:on 2019-12-15
1243:
1239:
1233:
1219:on 2014-03-13
1215:
1208:
1202:
1188:on 2014-05-14
1184:
1177:
1171:
1156:
1149:
1135:on 2013-01-06
1134:
1130:
1124:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1010:
1009:
1008:
988:
985:
976:
973:
969:
964:
958:
953:
944:
941:
939:
928:
922:
913:
912:
911:
891:
888:
879:
876:
872:
867:
861:
856:
847:
844:
829:
823:
821:of the spring
820:
813:
812:
811:
791:
788:
782:
776:
771:
762:
746:
744:
740:
736:
730:
728:
727:first partial
724:
719:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
675:
672:
668:
663:
658:
654:
645:
631:
628:
603:
600:
596:
591:
586:
582:
573:
559:
533:
529:
525:
520:
515:
511:
502:
486:
483:
480:
475:
471:
462:
448:
445:
425:
411:
409:
391:
388:
384:
359:
356:
351:
346:
342:
333:
319:
311:
295:
275:
252:
246:
219:
216:
205:
202:
199:
193:
190:
184:
178:
170:
156:
141:
139:
133:
131:
126:
124:
106:
102:
93:
89:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
48:
47:
42:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
2270:
2266:Rustle noise
2233:
2228:
2171:Washtub bass
2024:musical bows
1984:Scale length
1961:
1917:
1881:Third bridge
1729:Thomas Young
1679:Jens Blauert
1667:Acousticians
1586:
1408:
1399:
1376:
1363:
1347:
1342:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:the original
1322:
1313:
1302:. Retrieved
1292:
1281:. Retrieved
1274:the original
1260:
1249:. Retrieved
1242:the original
1232:
1221:. Retrieved
1214:the original
1201:
1190:. Retrieved
1183:the original
1170:
1159:. Retrieved
1148:
1137:. Retrieved
1133:the original
1123:
1112:. Retrieved
1105:
1095:
1006:
942:
935:
909:
839:
809:
752:
742:
738:
734:
726:
722:
720:
716:
697:
620:
551:
500:
417:
375:
238:
148:
135:
129:
127:
103:, the first
95:
82:
50:
45:
44:
40:
38:
18:
2146:Psalmodicon
2059:Diddley bow
1918:Fundamental
1908:Fingerboard
1888:Chordophone
1846:instruments
1699:Franz Melde
1674:John Backus
1658:Subharmonic
1511:Spectrogram
1066:Oscillation
145:Explanation
46:fundamental
2308:Categories
2079:Ichigenkin
2074:Ground bow
2019:Monochords
2009:Tuning peg
1989:Soundboard
1903:Enharmonic
1760:Ultrasound
1750:Infrasound
1536:Bark scale
1333:2014-06-04
1304:2012-11-27
1283:2012-11-27
1251:2012-11-27
1223:2012-11-27
1192:2012-11-27
1161:2012-11-27
1139:2012-11-27
1114:2024-09-05
1087:References
2319:Acoustics
2126:Langeleik
2064:Duxianqin
1957:Monochord
1926:Overtones
1922:Harmonics
1641:Resonance
1541:Mel scale
1471:Monochord
1450:Acoustics
1381:MIT Press
1323:OpenLearn
989:μ
880:π
819:stiffness
772:ω
712:harmonics
708:vibration
512:λ
472:λ
389:−
220:∈
79:sinusoids
60:frequency
34:overtones
26:Vibration
2293:Waveform
2288:Tonality
2256:Overtone
2241:Loudness
2141:Onavillu
2094:Genggong
2089:Jaw harp
2037:Berimbau
1979:Re-entry
1836:Musical
1795:Category
1636:Overtone
1604:Harmonic
1371:(2001).
1040:See also
725:and the
694:In music
105:harmonic
67:waveform
64:periodic
2161:Umuduri
2136:Masenqo
2119:Mukkuri
2114:Morsing
2054:ÄĂ n báș§u
2047:Boom-ba
2032:Ahardin
1838:strings
1582:Formant
1129:"sidfn"
1007:where:
910:where:
846:. Or:
810:where:
704:partial
75:partial
2272:Sawari
2235:Jivari
2213:Timbre
2166:Unitar
2131:Lesiba
2109:Kubing
2104:Khomuz
2099:Gogona
2069:Ektara
1893:Course
1876:Bridge
1844:, and
1775:Violin
1609:Series
1387:
1354:
827:= mass
743:second
739:second
552:where
239:Where
2261:Pitch
2251:Noise
2156:Tumbi
1898:Drone
1842:wires
1770:Piano
1755:Sound
1569:pitch
1531:Pitch
1277:(PDF)
1270:(PDF)
1245:(PDF)
1217:(PDF)
1210:(PDF)
1186:(PDF)
1179:(PDF)
1108:Unesp
1051:Hertz
735:first
731:above
700:pitch
408:Hertz
71:pitch
62:of a
1969:Node
1913:Fret
1855:List
1745:Echo
1651:Node
1577:Beat
1567:and
1385:ISBN
1352:ISBN
114:= 2â
39:The
28:and
2021:and
1974:Nut
1871:Bow
125:.)
2310::
1840:,
1407:.
1383:.
1379:.
1321:.
1104:.
817:=
410:.
132::
123:Hz
2205:e
2198:t
2191:v
1928:/
1924:/
1920:/
1861:)
1857:(
1829:e
1822:t
1815:v
1442:e
1435:t
1428:v
1411:.
1393:.
1358:.
1336:.
1307:.
1286:.
1254:.
1226:.
1195:.
1164:.
1142:.
1117:.
1033:T
1027:Ό
1021:l
1015:0
1012:f
986:T
977:l
974:2
970:1
965:=
959:0
954:f
930:m
924:k
918:0
915:f
892:m
889:k
877:2
873:1
868:=
862:0
857:f
843:Ï
834:0
831:Ï
825:m
815:k
792:m
789:k
783:=
777:0
759:0
756:Ï
676:L
673:2
669:v
664:=
659:0
655:f
632:L
629:2
604:L
601:4
597:v
592:=
587:0
583:f
560:v
534:0
530:f
526:v
521:=
516:0
487:L
484:4
481:=
476:0
449:L
446:4
426:L
392:1
385:s
360:T
357:1
352:=
347:0
343:f
320:T
296:T
276:t
256:)
253:t
250:(
247:x
224:R
217:t
209:)
206:T
203:+
200:t
197:(
194:x
191:=
188:)
185:t
182:(
179:x
157:T
119:1
116:f
112:2
109:f
100:1
97:f
87:0
84:f
55:0
52:f
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