446:
457:
435:
1515:
1334:
558:
290:
308:
333:
1389:
1410:
1361:
60:
1403:
1396:
1375:
1354:
1368:
1382:
1347:
727:. Xu may not have been active as PLA Chief-of-Staff (1949β54), but was named one of the 10 Marshals in 1955, (the only Northerner to have received this honour) and as a member of the party Military Affairs Committee in 1961. Xu was formally succeeded as Chief-of-Staff by Su Yu, in 1954. He became one of China's
703:. Contrary to the common tactic of many Communist commanders during the Civil War, who favored attacking only after establishing forces of several times the defenders, Luo often engaged numerically equal or superior forces and emerged victorious. In 1948 and 1949 Luo engaged and defeated the forces of
796:
demonstration when the missile suddenly malfunctioned and turned 180 degrees after traveling several hundred meters, flying in opposite direction toward the observation platform, where Xu and other top ranking
Chinese officers were sitting, and landed right in front of the platform. It was fortunate
668:. Zhang Guotao considered attacking them, but Xu refused. Xu's refusal to attack Zhang's rivals may have contributed to Mao's acceptance of Xu under his own leadership later, after Zhang's 4th Front Army was eventually defeated by Chiang. Zhang was purged after returning to the areas around
692:'s United Defense Army, in which he served as deputy commander. The Communist bases Xu helped to establish proved useful after World War II ended 1945 and the Chinese Civil War resumed. In the early stages of the war, when the Kuomintang forced the Communist headquarters in
830:
Xu died in 1990. According to his wishes, no memorial service was to be conducted for him which was refused by the government and he was given a memorial with full military honours. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered across the
4427:
672:
controlled by Mao, but Xu was allowed to rejoin the Red Army under Mao's leadership after making an extensive self-criticism. His first position under Mao, as the deputy commander of the 129th division, was effectively a demotion.
784:
as a well-trained, well-equipped military force and promoted the use of foreign military technology. This view was a departure from Maoist political doctrine, and Xu promoted dramatic predictions of an imminent conflict with the
656:
to victory against local warlords troops that numbered more than 300,000. Over 100,000 warlord troops were killed in conflicts with Xu's forces, and the remaining 200,000 deserted or retreated to other
Nationalist-aligned areas.
797:
for Xu and the others on the platform that the missile failed to explode, and they survived and remained there until the completion of the demonstration. Xu did not originally plan to attend the demonstration, but because both
1259:
374:
847:. His official obituary stated that "his life was a glorious one... Xu was an outstanding Communist, a great proletarian revolutionary, a strategist, and one of the founders of the Chinese People's Liberation Army."
445:
639:
in charge of the Eyuwan Soviet. Zhang purged several top-level officers from the Fourth Red Army who he considered disloyal. Xu sided with Zhang, despite the fact that his wife was one of the people purged. With
4420:
2836:
4588:
4413:
515:
after being defeated by a KMT encirclement campaign. Xu politically survived Zhang's defection to the KMT in the late-1930s; he rejoined the Red Army in a less senior position under the leadership of
456:
434:
1944:
1546:
2308:
4628:
4623:
644:
as Xu's Chief of Staff, he helped Zhang to establish new communist bases and expanded the 4th Red Army to number 30,000 men. While under suspicion and the surveillance of Zhang's political
742:, a group of leaders who criticized the Cultural Revolution for creating chaos and undermining China's leadership. Afterwards, Mao required him to request a leave of absence and undertake
4633:
584:
Normal
College and graduated in 1923. After graduation he had a short career as school teacher, then despite his parents' objections, he joined and attended the first class of the
1962:
1564:
4638:
2335:
4618:
4643:
1937:
1539:
1262:
377:
2301:
819:, and was the vice chairman of the Central Military Commission. He was forced to resign his positions, along with Nie Rongzhen and Ye Jianying, in 1985. During the
4608:
4603:
4179:
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2277:
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1930:
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549:
and his return to political power in 1976. He continued to serve in a number of political and military positions until he was forced to retire in 1985.
680:(1937-1945), Xu did not remain with the 129th division, but was transferred to several different positions during the war. He briefly spend time with
2827:
805:, who originally planned to attend, were hospitalized at the time, (Liu Bocheng had already retired by then to poor health) Xu was invited instead.
2393:
1576:
816:
755:
74:
1953:
1555:
2359:
2317:
1980:
534:
resumed, in 1947, Xu was active in North China. Forces under his command were responsible for the capture of the heavily fortified city of
480:
827:, published statements which, while calling for civil order, warned that the PLA should not resort to bloodshed to suppress the protests.
2805:
541:
Xu was promoted to marshal after the founding of the PRC in 1949. He held numerous political and military positions, and survived the
1082:"JD.com founder Richard Liu hands over chief executive's role to Xu Lei, becoming the latest Chinese tech billionaire to step back"
747:
313:
1128:
2562:
2349:
1976:
720:
1312:
2820:
1023:
743:
4436:
4405:
1226:
777:
111:
4593:
3664:
3556:
3476:
3016:
635:. The Fourth Red Army numbered twenty thousand soldiers when Xu took command. Later that year, the Central Committee put
4317:
4230:
4143:
4056:
3964:
4613:
3847:
3734:
3617:
3494:
3290:
3157:
3045:
2938:
2844:
1164:
1147:
990:
Gittings, John, Military
Control and Leadership, 1949-1964, The China Quarterly No. 26 (Apr. - Jun., 1966), p87 f13,
820:
449:
2813:
815:
After resigning as
Defense Minister in 1981, Xu remained active in politics. He served in the Politburo and the
1015:
484:
1922:
1524:
2286:
2835:
1290:
781:
765:
when Deng was purged from the government in 1976. Later in 1976 he was one of the military supporters of
724:
589:
492:
460:
416:
355:
1305:
1117:
1011:
545:
despite attempting to moderate some of its more destructive effects. He was an important supporter of
751:
616:
577:
1086:
677:
585:
523:
411:
859:, however the family relationship is disputed and other sources name his grandson as Xu Luo (εΎη).
4195:
4073:
4031:
739:
631:. In January 1931, he became the first commander of the Eyuwan Soviet's newly-established Fourth
609:
1140:
The Third
Chinese Revolutionary War, 1945-1949: An Analysis of Communist Strategy and Leadership
4242:
4175:
3879:
3796:
1514:
1333:
1154:
557:
3122:
3035:
1298:
728:
165:
4435:
4583:
4578:
3934:
3864:
3659:
3551:
3398:
3249:
3142:
2632:
2409:
2038:
1619:
770:
773:, which eventually brought Deng back to power and formally ended the Cultural Revolution.
8:
2166:
1648:
735:
597:
542:
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362:
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624:
29:
3894:
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1473:
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840:
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531:
526:(1937-1945) Xu served in several military units in Communist-controlled areas across
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399:
793:
588:
in 1924. After his graduation from the academy he held various officer ranks in the
4113:
3302:
3174:
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1113:
809:
649:
632:
605:
508:
349:
1053:
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3358:
3234:
3199:
3117:
3005:
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2214:
832:
608:, where he taught at a military academy. While teaching in Wuchang he joined the
593:
24:
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4267:
4252:
4205:
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4011:
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3919:
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332:
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4123:
3869:
3791:
3694:
3591:
3536:
3464:
3425:
3381:
3371:
3279:
3107:
2837:
Vice
Chairpersons of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
2723:
2590:
2511:
2389:
2150:
2004:
1992:
1952:
1777:
1728:
1693:
1678:
1668:
1588:
1554:
844:
762:
628:
546:
500:
438:
103:
2316:
746:. He survived politically, and later that year was allowed to join both the
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4379:
4349:
4329:
4292:
4247:
4215:
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4068:
4026:
3976:
3889:
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3719:
3709:
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566:
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212:
20:
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After During the
Chinese Civil War, Xu participated in several battles in
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4262:
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4133:
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4001:
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3909:
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3649:
3629:
3596:
3511:
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3451:
3432:
3352:
3347:
3331:
3314:
3274:
3229:
3224:
3194:
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3030:
2690:
2674:
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2652:
2489:
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2457:
2206:
2174:
2117:
2063:
2048:
2022:
1998:
1986:
1972:
1752:
1653:
1643:
1599:
1593:
1582:
1455:
1437:
1428:
1219:
1008:
Building for Oil: Daqing and the
Formation of the Chinese Socialist State
798:
766:
700:
641:
527:
146:
134:
99:
1200:
The Rise to Power of the
Chinese Communist Party: Documents and Analysis
4548:
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2073:
2016:
1850:
1787:
1782:
1762:
1683:
1673:
1572:
1409:
1322:
1173:
Mountain Fires: The Red Army's Three-year War in South China, 1934-1938
704:
665:
661:
601:
573:. He was the son of a wealthy landowner and scholar who had passed the
516:
488:
404:
336:
220:
95:
1360:
991:
4496:
4480:
4369:
4307:
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3516:
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3169:
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2516:
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2125:
2068:
1845:
1837:
1817:
1807:
1797:
1723:
1703:
1388:
1236:
669:
645:
604:
from several warlords. After the campaign was successful he moved to
158:
40:
4556:
4457:
4374:
4339:
4277:
4220:
4083:
4078:
4041:
4036:
4006:
3949:
3756:
3699:
3679:
3576:
3571:
3336:
3269:
3219:
2950:
2861:
2617:
2568:
2425:
2419:
2383:
2377:
2135:
2102:
2010:
1812:
1792:
1767:
1713:
1688:
1604:
1446:
855:
His grandson is allegedly Xu Lei (εΎι·), since April 2022 the CEO of
685:
619:
in 1927 Xu went underground. He did not participate in the failed
3991:
3914:
2712:
2657:
2579:
2531:
2467:
2058:
1802:
1772:
1757:
1663:
1464:
719:
After the Communists won the civil War in 1949, Xu served as the
693:
689:
653:
581:
535:
530:, and directed the construction of several bases areas. When the
512:
236:
4589:
Ministers of national defense of the People's Republic of China
4437:
Ministers of National Defense of the People's Republic of China
4364:
3826:
3689:
3634:
3586:
3320:
3244:
2706:
2607:
2506:
2371:
2053:
1747:
1658:
1638:
1419:
1402:
1395:
856:
708:
570:
216:
59:
1374:
1353:
696:
to evacuate, it was evacuated to the bases established by Xu.
4021:
3457:
3325:
3189:
2094:
1191:
Crimson Rain: Seven Centuries of Violence in a Chinese County
487:(PRC). He was the son of a wealthy landowner, but joined the
295:
240:
4629:
Members of the 11th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
4624:
Members of the 12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
660:
In 1934 Chiang Kai-shek defeated the armies associated with
4634:
Members of the 8th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
1367:
648:, Xu Xianqian lead the 80,000 strong 4th Front Army of the
1381:
1346:
792:
In 1978, Xu was almost killed in an accident of Chinese
960:
789:
in order to generate political support for his ideas.
495:(NRA), against his parents' wishes, in 1924. When the
4644:
Chinese military personnel of the Sino-Vietnamese War
936:
479:(November 8, 1901 – September 21, 1990) was a
4639:
Vice Chairpersons of the National People's Congress
1156:
Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Military History
972:
627:shortly after. After that, Xu became active in the
4619:People's Republic of China politicians from Shanxi
1193:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
808:Xu led the preparations for PLA operations in the
561:The former residence of Xu Xiangqian, Wutai County
1182:Historical Dictionary of Modern China (1800-1949)
948:
552:
507:; Xu became commander of the Eyuwan-based Fourth
4570:
1135:. September 22, 1990. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
1129:"Xu Xiangqian, a Long March Veteran, Dies at 88"
1124:. September 22, 1990. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
869:List of officers of the People's Liberation Army
684:building bases in Communist-controlled areas of
75:Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission
4609:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Shanxi
780:from 1978 to 1981, Xu advocated developing the
592:between 1925 and 1927. In 1926 he took part in
1175:. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
4421:
2821:
2302:
1954:11th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
1938:
1556:12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
1540:
1306:
1153:Wortzel, Larry M., & Higham. Robin D. S.
711:warlord who was aligned with the Kuomintang.
617:the end of the Nationalist-Communist alliance
2318:8th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
1014:monograph series. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
915:
913:
911:
909:
4604:Marshals of the People's Republic of China
4599:Chinese military personnel of World War II
4428:
4414:
2828:
2814:
2309:
2295:
1945:
1931:
1547:
1533:
1313:
1299:
1263:People's Revolutionary Military Commission
378:People's Revolutionary Military Commission
2025:(added Feb 1980; Vice-Chairman June 1981)
1596:(Acting General Secretary after Jan 1987)
929:
927:
925:
906:
538:in the later stages of the war, in 1949.
365:, 1st Corps of the North China Field Army
337:Marshal of the People's Republic of China
87:8 January 1966 β 1 November 1987
1184:. Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press.
1118:"Xu Xiangqian; Chinese Red Army Marshal"
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
556:
124:26 February 1978 β 6 March 1981
1227:Minister of National Defense of the PRC
1159:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 1999.
1142:. The USA and Canada: Routelage. 2009.
4571:
1170:
942:
922:
4409:
2809:
2290:
1926:
1528:
1294:
1197:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1001:
999:
978:
886:
511:. Zhang and Xu retreated to northern
314:People's Liberation Army Ground Force
2019:(added Feb 1980; Chairman June 1981)
1282:as Acting Chief of the General Staff
1188:
966:
178:March 1978 β September 1980
2007:(Vice-Chairman; dismissed Feb 1980)
1179:
1005:
954:
714:
13:
1032:
996:
14:
4655:
2178:(added Sep 1979, to PSC Feb 1980)
2162:(added Dec 1978, to PSC Feb 1980)
1325:of the People's Republic of China
821:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
450:Order of Independence and Freedom
382:Minister of National Defense, PRC
3665:Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni
3557:Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni
3477:Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni
3018:Choekyi Gyaltsen, Panchen Erdeni
1513:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1332:
1202:. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe.
1054:"The Losses in Tiananmen Square"
850:
664:, forcing them to undertake the
455:
444:
433:
331:
306:
288:
58:
3930:(dismissed & executed 2000)
2480:(added May 1958, died Apr 1965)
2386:(added May 1958, Vice-Chairman)
2013:(added Dec 1978; Vice-Chairman)
1074:
1046:
499:started in 1927, Xu joined the
1016:Harvard University Asia Center
984:
553:Early life and military career
1:
874:
879:
688:before being transferred to
112:Minister of National Defense
7:
3001:(fled 1959; dismissed 1964)
862:
590:National Revolutionary Army
493:National Revolutionary Army
417:Hundred Regiments Offensive
356:North China Military Region
348:Commander, 4th Front Army,
270:"The cotton-clad marshal" (
10:
4660:
4594:Eighth Route Army generals
3361:(resigned 1980; died 1981)
1256:Chief of the General Staff
1106:
1012:Harvard-Yenching Institute
738:, Xu was part of the 1967
485:People's Republic of China
371:Chief of the General Staff
296:People's Republic of China
64:Marshal Xu Xianqian (1955)
18:
4443:
4316:
4229:
4142:
4055:
3963:
3846:
3733:
3616:
3493:
3289:
3156:
3044:
2998:Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama
2937:
2918:Tenzin Gyatso, Dalai Lama
2843:
2742:
2699:
2626:
2551:
2544:
2499:
2403:
2334:
2325:
2223:
2194:
2032:
1961:
1859:
1830:
1740:
1629:
1613:
1563:
1511:
1339:
1330:
1269:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1210:
1198:Saich, Tony, ed. (1996).
752:Cultural Revolution Group
578:civil service examination
470:
426:
388:
342:
327:
319:
301:
283:
278:
266:
246:
226:
199:
194:
190:
182:
171:
164:
152:
140:
128:
117:
109:
91:
80:
73:
69:
57:
50:
38:
4614:Politicians from Xinzhou
1189:Rowe, William T (2007).
1087:South China Morning Post
919:Wortzel & Higham 285
782:People's Liberation Army
754:. In 1969 he joined the
725:People's Liberation Army
678:Second Sino-Japanese War
586:Whampoa Military Academy
524:Second Sino-Japanese War
51:
3435:(added 1979; died 1981)
1171:Benton, Gregor (1992).
740:February Countercurrent
610:Chinese Communist Party
3880:Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
3797:Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai
2210:(full member Sep 1979)
1841:(full member Sep 1985)
1180:Gao, James Z. (2009).
721:General Chief of Staff
562:
354:Deputy Commander, PLA
272:bΓΉ yΔ« yuΓ‘n shuΓ i, εΈθ‘£ε
εΈ
1127:Kristof, Nicholas D.
623:, but led the failed
560:
320:Years of service
166:Vice Premier of China
3660:Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
3552:Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
3399:Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
3250:Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
3143:Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
2633:surname stroke order
2410:surname stroke order
2121:(dismissed Feb 1980)
2098:(dismissed Feb 1980)
2077:(dismissed Feb 1980)
2039:surname stroke order
1620:surname stroke order
1138:Lew, Christopher R.
769:'s coup against the
1211:Government offices
969:, pp. 310β312.
736:Cultural Revolution
598:Northern Expedition
543:Cultural Revolution
463:(First Class Medal)
461:Order of Liberation
452:(First Class Medal)
441:(First Class Medal)
395:Northern Expedition
363:Political Commissar
2552:Standing Committee
2336:Standing Committee
2326:Before 11th Plenum
1963:Standing Committee
1585:(retired Sep 1985)
1565:Standing Committee
1059:Air Force Magazine
625:Guangzhou Uprising
580:. He attended the
563:
230:September 21, 1990
4566:
4565:
4403:
4402:
4180:secretary-general
4108:secretary-general
3644:secretary-general
3469:secretary-general
3392:secretary-general
3132:secretary-General
2902:secretary-general
2803:
2802:
2738:
2737:
2726:(purged Aug 1967)
2715:(purged Jan 1967)
2709:(purged Aug 1966)
2700:Alternate members
2677:(purged Aug 1967)
2671:(purged Jan 1967)
2660:(purged Sep 1967)
2636:
2604:(purged Jan 1967)
2593:(purged Jan 1967)
2582:(purged Jan 1967)
2545:After 11th Plenum
2540:
2539:
2500:Alternate members
2428:(to PSC May 1958)
2413:
2394:General Secretary
2284:
2283:
2211:
2195:Alternate members
2187:
2179:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2122:
2099:
2086:
2078:
2042:
1979:until June 1981;
1920:
1919:
1842:
1831:Alternate members
1826:
1825:
1733:
1630:Before 5th Plenum
1623:
1577:General Secretary
1522:
1521:
1508:
1507:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1244:Military offices
1234:Succeeded by
1122:Los Angeles Times
1025:978-0-674-26022-1
841:Taihang Mountains
823:, he and Marshal
817:Central Committee
776:While serving as
756:Central Committee
621:Nanchang Uprising
532:Chinese Civil War
497:Chinese Civil War
474:
473:
412:Sino-Japanese War
400:Chinese Civil War
4651:
4559:
4551:
4541:
4531:
4523:
4515:
4507:
4499:
4491:
4483:
4476:
4468:
4460:
4452:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4407:
4406:
4323:
4236:
4149:
4114:Ismail Tiliwaldi
4062:
3970:
3931:
3853:
3740:
3623:
3500:
3480:
3472:
3436:
3395:
3394:; resigned 1980)
3362:
3303:Soong Ching-ling
3296:
3175:Soong Ching-ling
3163:
3051:
3022:
3002:
2944:
2857:Soong Ching-ling
2850:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2807:
2806:
2629:
2549:
2548:
2492:(added May 1958)
2486:(added May 1958)
2406:
2332:
2331:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2209:
2186:(added Sep 1979)
2185:
2177:
2170:(added Dec 1978)
2169:
2161:
2154:(added Dec 1978)
2153:
2120:
2097:
2084:
2076:
2035:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1924:
1923:
1840:
1741:After 5th Plenum
1732:(died June 1983)
1731:
1627:
1626:
1616:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1517:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1292:
1291:
1279:
1216:Preceded by
1208:
1207:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1114:Associated Press
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1050:
1044:
1043:Associated Press
1041:
1030:
1029:
1006:Hou, Li (2021).
1003:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
931:
920:
917:
904:
901:
810:Sino-Vietnam War
778:Defense Minister
715:Political career
650:Chinese Red Army
459:
448:
437:
350:Chinese Red Army
335:
312:
310:
309:
294:
292:
291:
279:Military service
233:
210:November 8, 1901
209:
207:
195:Personal details
176:
155:
143:
122:
85:
62:
36:
35:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4554:
4544:
4534:
4526:
4518:
4510:
4502:
4494:
4486:
4479:
4471:
4463:
4455:
4447:
4439:
4434:
4404:
4399:
4321:
4320:
4312:
4234:
4233:
4225:
4147:
4146:
4138:
4060:
4059:
4051:
3968:
3967:
3959:
3929:
3924:
3851:
3850:
3842:
3834:(murdered 1996)
3738:
3737:
3729:
3670:Saifuddin Azizi
3621:
3620:
3612:
3562:Saifuddin Azizi
3498:
3497:
3489:
3475:
3463:
3431:
3406:(resigned 1980)
3386:
3377:Saifuddin Azizi
3368:(resigned 1980)
3359:Zhang Dingcheng
3357:
3328:(resigned 1980)
3317:(resigned 1980)
3311:(resigned 1980)
3294:
3293:
3285:
3235:Zhang Dingcheng
3200:Saifuddin Azizi
3161:
3160:
3152:
3118:Saifuddin Azizi
3049:
3048:
3040:
3019:
3015:
3006:Saifuddin Azizi
2999:
2995:
2942:
2941:
2933:
2923:Saifuddin Azizi
2848:
2847:
2839:
2834:
2804:
2799:
2734:
2695:
2628:
2622:
2571:(Vice-Chairman)
2536:
2495:
2444:(died Dec 1963)
2422:(died May 1960)
2405:
2399:
2380:(Vice-Chairman)
2374:(Vice-Chairman)
2368:(Vice-Chairman)
2338:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2285:
2280:
2219:
2215:Saifuddin Azizi
2190:
2085:(died Feb 1979)
2034:
2028:
2001:(Vice-Chairman)
1995:(Vice-Chairman)
1989:(Vice-Chairman)
1965:
1957:
1951:
1921:
1916:
1855:
1822:
1736:
1631:
1615:
1609:
1579:until Jan 1987)
1559:
1553:
1523:
1518:
1509:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1337:
1326:
1319:
1278:
1271:
1266:
1239:
1230:
1222:
1206:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1093:
1091:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1033:
1026:
1004:
997:
989:
985:
977:
973:
965:
961:
953:
949:
941:
937:
932:
923:
918:
907:
902:
887:
882:
877:
865:
853:
717:
594:Chiang Kai-shek
565:Xu was born in
555:
466:
307:
305:
289:
287:
262:
235:
231:
211:
205:
203:
177:
172:
153:
141:
133:
123:
118:
102:
98:
86:
81:
65:
53:
46:
43:
34:
17:
16:Chinese marshal
12:
11:
5:
4657:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4552:
4542:
4532:
4524:
4521:Liang Guanglie
4516:
4508:
4500:
4492:
4484:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4453:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4433:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4410:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4345:Zheng Jianbang
4342:
4337:
4332:
4326:
4324:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4268:Arken Imirbaki
4265:
4260:
4255:
4253:Zhang Chunxian
4250:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4206:Arken Imirbaki
4203:
4201:Qiangba Puncog
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4152:
4150:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4119:Jiang Shusheng
4116:
4111:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4063:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4012:Jiang Zhenghua
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3961:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3955:Jiang Zhenghua
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3925:
3922:
3920:Zhou Guangzhao
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3885:Wang Guangying
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3802:Wang Guangying
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3743:
3741:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3481:
3473:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3396:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3363:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3318:
3312:
3306:
3299:
3297:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3138:Zhang Zhizhong
3135:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3021:(removed 1964)
3017:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2947:
2945:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2639:
2637:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2555:
2553:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2416:
2414:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2353:
2342:
2340:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2299:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2180:
2172:
2164:
2156:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2092:
2087:
2079:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1969:
1967:
1959:
1958:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1927:
1918:
1917:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1624:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1569:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1529:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1496:
1489:
1487:
1480:
1478:
1471:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1453:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1435:
1433:
1426:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1268:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1223:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1205:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1151:
1136:
1133:New York Times
1125:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1073:
1045:
1031:
1024:
995:
983:
981:, p. 514.
971:
959:
957:, p. 125.
947:
945:, p. 313.
935:
921:
905:
884:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
872:
871:
864:
861:
852:
849:
744:self-criticism
716:
713:
554:
551:
472:
471:
468:
467:
465:
464:
453:
442:
430:
428:
424:
423:
422:
421:
420:
419:
409:
408:
407:
397:
390:
386:
385:
384:
383:
380:
368:
367:
366:
361:Commander and
352:
344:
340:
339:
329:
325:
324:
321:
317:
316:
303:
302:Branch/service
299:
298:
285:
281:
280:
276:
275:
268:
264:
263:
261:
260:
257:
254:
250:
248:
244:
243:
234:(aged 88)
228:
224:
223:
201:
197:
196:
192:
191:
188:
187:
184:
180:
179:
169:
168:
162:
161:
156:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
130:
126:
125:
115:
114:
107:
106:
93:
89:
88:
78:
77:
71:
70:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
48:
47:
44:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4656:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4558:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4529:Chang Wanquan
4525:
4522:
4517:
4514:
4513:Cao Gangchuan
4509:
4506:
4501:
4498:
4493:
4490:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4470:
4467:
4462:
4459:
4454:
4451:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4438:
4431:
4426:
4424:
4419:
4417:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4396:
4395:Shohrat Zakir
4393:
4391:
4390:Losang Jamcan
4388:
4386:
4385:Zhang Qingwei
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4335:Wang Dongming
4333:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4319:
4315:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4288:Padma Choling
4286:
4284:
4283:Wang Dongming
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4232:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4166:Chen Changzhi
4164:
4162:
4161:Wang Shengjun
4159:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4145:
4141:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4124:Chen Changzhi
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:TΓΆmΓΌr Dawamat
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3870:Jiang Chunyun
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3822:TΓΆmΓΌr Dawamat
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3792:Wang Bingqian
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3695:Liao Hansheng
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3619:
3615:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:Liao Hansheng
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3537:Wang Renzhong
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3496:
3492:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3467:(added 1980;
3466:
3465:Yang Shangkun
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3426:Xiao Jinguang
3424:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3383:
3382:Liao Chengzhi
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3372:Deng Yingchao
3370:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3292:
3288:
3281:
3280:Deng Yingchao
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3108:Yang Mingxuan
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2936:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2724:Song Renqiong
2722:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2627:Other members
2625:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2591:Deng Xiaoping
2589:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2512:Zhang Wentian
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2404:Other members
2402:
2395:
2391:
2390:Deng Xiaoping
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2360:Vice-Chairman
2357:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2319:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2151:Deng Yingchao
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2033:Other members
2031:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2005:Wang Dongxing
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1993:Deng Xiaoping
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1981:Vice-Chairman
1978:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1778:Yang Shangkun
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1730:
1729:Liao Chengzhi
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1694:Song Renqiong
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1679:Yang Shangkun
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1669:Deng Yingchao
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1614:Other members
1612:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:Deng Xiaoping
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1516:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1329:
1324:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1165:0-313-29337-6
1162:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1148:0-415-77730-5
1145:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1002:
1000:
992:
987:
980:
975:
968:
963:
956:
951:
944:
939:
930:
928:
926:
916:
914:
912:
910:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
885:
870:
867:
866:
860:
858:
851:Personal life
848:
846:
845:Hexi Corridor
842:
838:
834:
828:
826:
822:
818:
813:
811:
806:
804:
800:
795:
790:
788:
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
763:Deng Xiaoping
761:Xu protected
759:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
730:
729:vice premiers
726:
722:
712:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
674:
671:
667:
663:
658:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
634:
630:
629:Eyuwan Soviet
626:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
576:
572:
568:
559:
550:
548:
547:Deng Xiaoping
544:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:Eyuwan Soviet
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
469:
462:
458:
454:
451:
447:
443:
440:
439:Order of Bayi
436:
432:
431:
429:
425:
418:
415:
414:
413:
410:
406:
403:
402:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
391:
387:
381:
379:
376:
372:
369:
364:
360:
359:
357:
353:
351:
347:
346:
345:
341:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
315:
304:
300:
297:
286:
282:
277:
273:
269:
265:
258:
255:
252:
251:
249:
245:
242:
238:
229:
225:
222:
218:
214:
202:
198:
193:
189:
185:
181:
175:
170:
167:
163:
160:
157:
151:
148:
145:
139:
136:
131:
127:
121:
116:
113:
108:
105:
104:Deng Xiaoping
101:
97:
94:
90:
84:
79:
76:
72:
68:
61:
56:
49:
42:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
4545:
4535:
4489:Zhang Aiping
4474:Xu Xiangqian
4473:
4380:Peng Qinghua
4350:Ding Zhongli
4330:Li Hongzhong
4322:(2023β2028)
4293:Ding Zhongli
4248:Cao Jianming
4235:(2018β2023)
4216:Zhang Baowen
4148:(2013β2018)
4099:Zhou Tienong
4074:Lu Yongxiang
4069:Wang Zhaoguo
4061:(2008β2013)
4032:Lu Yongxiang
4027:Sheng Huaren
3977:Wang Zhaoguo
3969:(2003β2008)
3890:Cheng Siyuan
3852:(1998β2003)
3807:Cheng Siyuan
3777:Lei Jieqiong
3767:Fei Xiaotong
3739:(1993β1998)
3720:Lei Jieqiong
3710:Fei Xiaotong
3675:Zhou Gucheng
3622:(1988β1993)
3609:(added 1986)
3567:Zhou Gucheng
3499:(1983β1988)
3486:(added 1981)
3479:(added 1980)
3460:(added 1980)
3454:(added 1980)
3448:(added 1980)
3442:(added 1979)
3428:(added 1979)
3422:(added 1979)
3404:Zhou Jianren
3309:Nie Rongzhen
3295:(1978β1983)
3282:(added 1976)
3255:Zhou Jianren
3215:Nie Rongzhen
3210:Xu Xiangqian
3209:
3162:(1975β1978)
3148:Zhou Jianren
3103:Xu Xiangqian
3102:
3093:Chen Shutong
3088:Huang Yanpei
3083:He Xiangning
3050:(1964β1975)
3026:He Xiangning
2991:Chen Shutong
2976:Huang Yanpei
2961:Luo Ronghuan
2943:(1959β1964)
2930:(added 1958)
2913:Chen Shutong
2893:Huang Yanpei
2878:Luo Ronghuan
2849:(1954β1959)
2686:Nie Rongzhen
2681:Xu Xiangqian
2680:
2630:
2442:Luo Ronghuan
2407:
2141:Xu Xiangqian
2140:
2131:Nie Rongzhen
2113:Chen Yonggui
2108:Zhang Tingfa
2036:
1719:Xu Xiangqian
1718:
1709:Nie Rongzhen
1699:Zhang Tingfa
1617:
1501:Nie Rongzhen
1499:
1492:Xu Xiangqian
1491:
1490:
1483:Luo Ronghuan
1481:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1281:
1280:
1275:Nie Rongzhen
1272:
1254:
1249:
1225:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1155:
1139:
1132:
1121:
1092:. Retrieved
1090:. 2022-04-07
1085:
1076:
1064:. Retrieved
1062:. 1989-11-01
1057:
1048:
1007:
986:
974:
962:
950:
938:
854:
829:
825:Nie Rongzhen
814:
807:
803:Nie Rongzhen
791:
787:Soviet Union
775:
771:Gang of Four
760:
733:
718:
698:
682:Luo Ronghuan
675:
659:
637:Zhang Guotao
614:
567:Wutai County
564:
540:
521:
505:Zhang Guotao
477:Xu Xiangqian
476:
475:
389:Battles/wars
271:
232:(1990-09-21)
213:Wutai County
173:
154:Succeeded by
119:
82:
45:Xu Xiangqian
28:
21:Chinese name
4584:1990 deaths
4579:1901 births
4505:Chi Haotian
4466:Ye Jianying
4450:Peng Dehuai
4355:Hao Mingjin
4298:Hao Mingjin
4263:Ji Bingxuan
4258:Shen Yueyue
4191:Ji Bingxuan
4186:Shen Yueyue
4134:Sang Guowei
4089:Hua Jianmin
4002:Cheng Siwei
3997:Ding Shisun
3987:Ismail Amat
3945:Cheng Siwei
3940:Ding Shisun
3927:Cheng Kejie
3910:Peng Peiyun
3752:Wang Hanbin
3725:Wang Hanbin
3650:Wei Guoqing
3630:Xi Zhongxun
3597:Han Xianchu
3512:Wei Guoqing
3507:Chen Pixian
3452:Xi Zhongxun
3433:Zhu Yunshan
3353:Li Jingquan
3348:Tan Zhenlin
3344:(died 1978)
3332:Wei Guoqing
3315:Liu Bocheng
3305:(died 1981)
3275:Yao Lianwei
3230:Li Jingquan
3225:Tan Zhenlin
3195:Wei Guoqing
3185:Liu Bocheng
3068:Li Jingquan
3063:Liu Bocheng
3031:Liu Bocheng
2874:(died 1955)
2691:Ye Jianying
2675:Tan Zhenlin
2669:Li Jingquan
2664:Li Xiannian
2653:Liu Bocheng
2490:Tan Zhenlin
2484:Li Jingquan
2473:Li Xiannian
2463:Liu Bocheng
2458:Peng Dehuai
2320:(1956β1969)
2207:Zhao Ziyang
2175:Zhao Ziyang
2118:Chen Xilian
2064:Liu Bocheng
2049:Wei Guoqing
2023:Zhao Ziyang
1999:Li Xiannian
1987:Ye Jianying
1983:afterwards)
1973:Hua Guofeng
1956:(1977β1982)
1753:Xi Zhongxun
1654:Wei Guoqing
1644:Xi Zhongxun
1600:Li Xiannian
1594:Zhao Ziyang
1583:Ye Jianying
1558:(1982β1987)
1456:Liu Bocheng
1438:Peng Dehuai
1429:Ye Jianying
1220:Ye Jianying
943:Benton 1992
799:Ye Jianying
767:Hua Guofeng
734:During the
701:North China
676:During the
642:Ye Jianying
600:to recover
528:North China
522:During the
358:Field Army
267:Nickname(s)
186:Hua Guofeng
147:Ye Jianying
142:Preceded by
135:Zhao Ziyang
132:Hua Guofeng
100:Hua Guofeng
25:family name
4573:Categories
4549:Li Shangfu
4539:Wei Fenghe
4360:Cai Dafeng
4303:Cai Dafeng
4273:Wan Exiang
4211:Wan Exiang
4196:Zhang Ping
4156:Li Jianguo
4104:Li Jianguo
4094:Chen Zhili
4047:Fu Tieshan
4017:Gu Xiulian
3982:Li Tieying
3905:Wu Jieping
3875:Zou Jiahua
3860:Tian Jiyun
3838:Wu Jieping
3772:Sun Qimeng
3762:Chen Muhua
3747:Tian Jiyun
3715:Sun Qimeng
3705:Chen Muhua
3685:Rong Yiren
3655:Zhu Xuefan
3640:Peng Chong
3582:Rong Yiren
3547:Zhu Xuefan
3532:Peng Chong
3484:Zhu Xuefan
3446:Peng Chong
3388:Ji Pengfei
3180:Kang Sheng
3128:Liu Ningyi
3113:Cheng Qian
3098:Li Xuefeng
3073:Kang Sheng
3011:Cheng Qian
2966:Shen Junru
2928:Cheng Qian
2883:Shen Junru
2719:Li Xuefeng
2602:Liu Shaoqi
2597:Kang Sheng
2575:Zhou Enlai
2559:Mao Zedong
2527:Kang Sheng
2478:Ke Qingshi
2366:Zhou Enlai
2356:Liu Shaoqi
2346:Mao Zedong
2328:(Aug 1966)
2202:Chen Muhua
2159:Hu Yaobang
2146:Peng Chong
2090:Li Desheng
2082:Su Zhenhua
2074:Ji Dengkui
2017:Hu Yaobang
1851:Chen Muhua
1788:Wu Xueqian
1783:Yang Dezhi
1763:Tian Jiyun
1684:Yang Dezhi
1674:Li Desheng
1632:(Sep 1985)
1573:Hu Yaobang
1267:1949β1950
1231:1978β1981
979:Saich 1996
875:References
794:HJ-73 ATGM
705:Yan Xishan
666:Long March
662:Zhou Enlai
646:commissars
602:East China
517:Mao Zedong
489:Kuomintang
405:Long March
284:Allegiance
256:politician
247:Occupation
221:Qing China
206:1901-11-08
96:Mao Zedong
4497:Qin Jiwei
4481:Geng Biao
4370:Wu Weihua
4308:Wu Weihua
4243:Wang Chen
4176:Wang Chen
4171:Yan Junqi
4129:Yan Junqi
3832:Li Peiyao
3787:Li Ximing
3782:Qin Jiwei
3607:Chu Tunan
3602:Huang Hua
3542:Shi Liang
3527:Xu Deheng
3522:Hu Juewen
3517:Geng Biao
3440:Shi Liang
3420:Peng Zhen
3415:Hu Juewen
3410:Xu Deheng
3366:Cai Chang
3342:Guo Moruo
3265:Hu Juewen
3260:Xu Deheng
3240:Cai Chang
3205:Guo Moruo
3170:Dong Biwu
3078:Guo Moruo
3058:Peng Zhen
2986:Li Weihan
2981:Peng Zhen
2971:Guo Moruo
2956:Li Jishen
2908:Li Weihan
2898:Peng Zhen
2888:Guo Moruo
2872:Zhang Lan
2867:Li Jishen
2730:Xie Fuzhi
2643:Dong Biwu
2613:Li Fuchun
2586:Chen Boda
2522:Chen Boda
2517:Lu Dingyi
2453:Li Fuchun
2437:Peng Zhen
2432:Dong Biwu
2183:Peng Zhen
2167:Wang Zhen
2126:Geng Biao
2069:Xu Shiyou
1846:Qin Jiwei
1838:Yao Yilin
1818:Peng Zhen
1808:Yao Yilin
1798:Hu Qiaomu
1724:Peng Zhen
1704:Hu Qiaomu
1649:Wang Zhen
1250:New title
1237:Geng Biao
1094:April 17,
967:Rowe 2007
880:Citations
812:in 1979.
748:Politburo
731:in 1965.
491:'s (KMT)
323:1924β1987
174:In office
159:Geng Biao
120:In office
83:In office
41:Yuanshuai
4557:Dong Jun
4555:Admiral
4527:General
4519:General
4511:General
4503:General
4495:General
4487:General
4472:Marshal
4464:Marshal
4458:Lin Biao
4456:Marshal
4448:Marshal
4375:Tie Ning
4340:Xiao Jie
4278:Chen Zhu
4221:Chen Zhu
4084:Han Qide
4079:Uyunqimg
4042:Han Qide
4037:Uyunqimg
4007:Xu Jialu
3950:Xu Jialu
3812:Lu Jiaxi
3757:Ni Zhifu
3700:Ni Zhifu
3680:Yan Jici
3577:Hu Yuzhi
3572:Yan Jici
3337:Chen Yun
3270:Li Suwen
3220:Chen Yun
3123:Lin Feng
3036:Lin Feng
2951:Lin Boqu
2862:Lin Boqu
2618:Chen Yun
2569:Lin Biao
2563:Chairman
2426:Lin Biao
2420:Lin Boqu
2384:Lin Biao
2378:Chen Yun
2350:Chairman
2136:Ni Zhifu
2103:Yu Qiuli
2011:Chen Yun
1977:Chairman
1813:Ni Zhifu
1793:Yu Qiuli
1768:Qiao Shi
1714:Ni Zhifu
1689:Yu Qiuli
1605:Chen Yun
1447:Lin Biao
1323:Marshals
1273:Marshal
1218:Marshal
1066:July 10,
955:Gao 2009
863:See also
750:and the
686:Shandong
633:Red Army
509:Red Army
343:Commands
92:Chairman
19:In this
4546:General
4536:General
3992:He Luli
3935:Cao Zhi
3915:He Luli
3865:Xie Fei
2713:Bo Yibo
2658:He Long
2648:Chen Yi
2580:Tao Zhu
2532:Bo Yibo
2468:He Long
2448:Chen Yi
2059:Fang Yi
1803:Hu Qili
1773:Li Peng
1758:Fang Yi
1664:Fang Yi
1474:Chen Yi
1465:He Long
1258:of the
1107:Sources
933:Kristof
723:of the
694:Shaanxi
690:He Long
654:Sichuan
606:Wuchang
582:Taiyuan
536:Taiyuan
513:Sichuan
503:led by
483:of the
481:Marshal
253:General
237:Beijing
183:Premier
129:Premier
4365:He Wei
3827:Gan Ku
3690:Ye Fei
3635:Ulanhu
3587:Ye Fei
3321:Ulanhu
3245:Ulanhu
2707:Ulanhu
2608:Zhu De
2507:Ulanhu
2372:Zhu De
2054:Ulanhu
1748:Wan Li
1659:Ulanhu
1639:Wan Li
1420:Zhu De
1163:
1146:
1022:
903:Lew 13
857:JD.com
843:, and
709:Shanxi
670:Yan'an
615:After
571:Shanxi
427:Awards
311:
293:
259:writer
217:Shanxi
23:, the
4022:Raidi
3458:Su Yu
3326:Wu De
3190:Wu De
2339:(PSC)
2095:Wu De
1966:(PSC)
1270:Next:
833:Dabie
241:China
4318:14th
4231:13th
4144:12th
4057:11th
3965:10th
3895:Buhe
3817:Buhe
2797:20th
2793:19th
2789:18th
2785:17th
2781:16th
2777:15th
2773:14th
2769:13th
2765:12th
2761:11th
2757:10th
2278:20th
2274:19th
2270:18th
2266:17th
2262:16th
2258:15th
2254:14th
2250:13th
2246:12th
2242:11th
2238:10th
1914:20th
1910:19th
1906:18th
1902:17th
1898:16th
1894:15th
1890:14th
1886:13th
1882:12th
1878:11th
1874:10th
1321:Ten
1161:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1096:2022
1068:2021
1020:ISBN
837:Daba
801:and
707:, a
575:Qing
328:Rank
227:Died
200:Born
110:4th
3848:9th
3735:8th
3618:7th
3495:6th
3291:5th
3158:4th
3046:3rd
2939:2nd
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2631:in
2408:in
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2230:8th
2226:7th
2037:in
1870:9th
1866:8th
1862:7th
1618:in
1260:CPG
652:in
596:'s
375:CPG
52:εΎεε
27:is
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1131:.
1120:.
1116:.
1084:.
1056:.
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924:^
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2767:β
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