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ridicule, in order to achieve the purpose of arrogant "big laugh" and entertaining people. Its earliest form was derived from the juggling of "Yuyou". In these jokes, artists often pinned their mockery and whipping against the rulers. Their satirical content strikes home at contemporary malpractices and also often includes political satire." The role of
Xiangsheng in the social commentary was seen after the fall of the Gang of Four in 1976 when Xiangsheng performances provided the first open criticisms of the gang. After 1976, Xiangsheng has also satirized corrupt officials and members of the
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540:. The origins of certain modern-day Xiangsheng pieces can be traced back well over 100 years, though in many cases, the original author is unattributed. Many skits in "traditional Xiangsheng" have evolved through generations of performers successively revising material, retaining the general structure or "heart" of a piece while updating specific references with more modern material.
635:, as well as the lack of performance venues outside of sanitized state-run television programming. Many performers called for a return of performing Xiangsheng in teahouses and small theaters, which had traditionally been the main venues for Xiangsheng performances but were almost never used at the time. A new generation of Xiangsheng performers emerged from this movement, including
803:. Only direct disciples of Wu Zhaonan could become official members. In addition to Xiangsheng, it also introduced Quyi, including Shuanghuang (Chinese: 双簧), Pingshu (Chinese: 评书), Shulaibao (Chinese: 数来宝), Kuaiban (Chinese: 快板书), Danxian (Chinese: 单弦), Taiping lyrics (Chinese: 太平歌詞), and Peking opera.
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versions of various skits using audio from past broadcasts. The animated versions often use humor in a literal sense, illustrating scenes or stories described by the performers. There are some variety shows for young
Xiangsheng actors to promote themselves like "Xiangsheng Has New Talents" (Chinese:
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The small scale and popularity of
Xiangsheng make it second only to word of mouth in reflecting popular concerns. Hou Baolin and others have said that Xiangsheng items are "works of comic nature which use satire and humor as their principal base. The cross talks use witty speech, bitter, ridiculous
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After Hong Kong was ceded as a
British colony, the development of Xiangsheng entered a unique period of localization. In the early years of the Republic of China, Hong Kong's Xiangsheng mainly performed in the street, and most Xiangsheng artists were jugglers, such as Pingshu and Kouji. Xiangsheng
927:' (大山), now a household name in China. Dashan has consistently improved his Chinese over thirty years, frequently appearing on national Chinese television. His career has consisted of a wide variety work, not just Xiangsheng, and in recent years he has gravitated more towards Western-style
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performed
Xiangsheng in this region. In the multi-language environment of Malaysia, "Malaysian Xiangsheng" became different from Xiangsheng in mainland China and Taiwan. Since Mandarin Chinese is not a mainstream language in Malaysia, there are few professional performers in Malaysia.
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center, LaughBeijing, that hosted over 300 shows per year in
Beijing from 2016 to 2020. Some of his work today also focuses on bringing the Western-style stand-up comedy to China. He sees himself as a cultural ambassador, combining his talents with the power of the
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Xiangsheng is most commonly performed by two actors. The leading actor is called Dougen (simplified
Chinese: 逗哏; traditional Chinese: 逗哏; pinyin: dòugén) and the supporting actor is called Penggen (simplified Chinese: 捧哏; traditional Chinese: 捧哏; pinyin: pěnggén).
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led a group of
Xiangsheng performers to reform Xiangsheng, removing language and content that was considered "vulgar" and generally making it more "politically correct". Hou later became widely regarded as a master of Xiangsheng. He is often regarded as "China's
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began to develop rapidly, and
Xiangsheng began to integrate into emerging media. In old Hong Kong movies, Xiangsheng-inspired comedy began to integrate into early Hong Kong cinema, mostly in the form of monologs and characters teasing each other.
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In April 1988, Feng Yugang and Song
Shaoqing (Chinese: 宋少卿) formed Comedians Workshop, which aimed to merge theater with Xiangsheng. Huang Shiwei (Chinese: 黄士伟) joined in 2001. On July 8, 2004, Comedians Workshop assisted Dream Theater to perform
792:(Chinese: 快板书), Jingyun drum (Chinese: 京韵大鼓), Meihua drum (Chinese: 梅花大鼓), Xihe drum (Chinese: 西河大鼓), Danxian (Chinese: 单弦), and Taiping lyrics (Chinese: 太平歌詞), which have also promoted the exchange of performances between Taiwan and
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Shen Er (沈二), told stories before performing Xiangsheng. He studied under Zhang Sanlu and became a second-generation Xiangsheng performer. His disciples include Wei Kunzhi, Wang Youdao, Li Changchun, Gao Wenyuan, Feng Kunzhi, and Yu
514:, incorporating joke-telling, comedic banter, imitations, or borrowing from other performance arts, such as Peking opera, all with the express purpose of making audiences laugh. By the early days of the
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audiences, who found Xiangsheng to be boring and didactic. Guo's rise to fame, while representing a very traditionalist movement, pitted him against more mainstream, establishment performers, such as
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and Taiwan Police Radio (Chinese: 警察廣播電台). After 1967, he began collecting data to produce "Xiangsheng Collections", "Xiangsheng Highlight", "Xiangsheng Anecdote", and "Rediscovery of Xiangsheng".
966:. There, he improved his Chinese and was awarded the Critical Language Enhancement Award (CLEA). As part of his Fulbright Scholarship, he studied Xiangsheng with a master of the craft,
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in Chinese, with elements of Xiangsheng incorporated into the act. Dashan has served informally as a cultural ambassador, using his work to help bridge cultural gaps between
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descent. His disciples include En Xu, Gao Wenkui, Chun Changlong, and Shen Zhushan. A Yaotao was born in Beijing to a rich family of the Sumuru clan belonging to the
569:), Zhang eventually switched to doing imitations and telling humorous stories. Later artists considered Zhang to have been one of the first Xiangsheng performers.
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Xiangsheng entered a period of decline in the 1990s, caused largely by increased official sensitivity towards political and social satire following the
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and experimented with several different vocal techniques. Later, his family came down in the world. In order to support his family, he studied under
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In 1957, the first Chinese-language TV media in the world was created; it was called Rediffusion Television Limited and was the predecessor of
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in 1949, the popularity of Xiangsheng increased. Previously seen as relatively low-class street performing, Xiangsheng became regarded as a
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1223:) is considered to have been one of the fathers of Xiangsheng. Zhang was born in Beijing in the late Qing Dynasty. His disciples include
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was launched. Xiangsheng began to appear in several variants in the variety show, such as the host's speech and the show to show lines.
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In 2012, American comedian Jesse Appell, known as Ai Jiexi (艾杰西) in China, started on his journey with Xiangsheng. Originally from
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776:(Chinese: 林文彬) founded the Taipei Musical Art Troupe. In addition to Xiangsheng, they also introduced many Chinese traditional
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performers came from all walks of life. They were knowledgeable and enjoyed chatting, thus using Xiangsheng to make a living.
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694:(Chinese: 那一夜，我們說相聲), a play performed by Li Liqun (Chinese: 李立群) and Li Guoxiu (Chinese: 李國修), which caused a stir.
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2102:"Comedy, Intercultural Communication and Global Diplomacy: An Interview with Jesse Appell – Global China Connection"
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Double act that developed in approximately the same era. Some Westerners have studied the art of Xiangsheng. One
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Qiongbupa (穷不怕), was one of the fathers of Xiangsheng. He was born in Beijing, and his ancestral home was
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754:(Chinese: 蕭艾)—was launched. Although all these plays were claimed to be Xiangsheng, they were actually
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958:(GCC) and regularly performed stand-up comedy. He went to China in September 2012 to study Chinese at
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701:(Chinese: 這一夜，誰來說相聲), which was performed by Li Liqun (Chinese: 李立群), Jin Shijie (Chinese: 金士傑), and
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with a Chinese comedian and Xiangsheng master, Jiang Kun (姜昆). He started using the Chinese name '
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Ironic Xiangsheng: performers criticize themselves, others, or concepts, such as Hou Baolin's
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1686:"Cross-Talk, A Ming Dynasty-era Art Form, Returns From the Brink — And Goes International"
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period. As early as the Qing Dynasty, storytellers from China brought Xiangsheng to South
418:): to tell a story, which is the pragmatic mechanism of humor (i.e. making jokes or using
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1784:"Dialogue with Dashan - An inside look at Canadian Mark Rowswell's rise to fame in China"
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1808:"Mark Rowswell: The only 'Chinese' performer at this year's Melbourne Comedy Festival"
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In 1949, a group of Xiangsheng performers followed the Republic of China's retreat to
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Complimentary Xiangsheng: performers praise themselves, others, or concepts, such as
1032:(Chinese:夜行记) (criticizes people who do not follow the traffic rules), Jiang Kun and
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Not Just a Laughing Matter: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Political Humor in China
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718:(Chinese: 那一夜，我們說相聲; 1993; performed by Li Liqun and Feng Yugang (Chinese: 馮翊綱)),
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Stifled Laughter: How the Communist Party Killed Chinese Humor, from Danwei.org
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One of the earliest Xiangsheng pioneers is a person known by the name of
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1906:"Canada appoints "Dashan" as Commissioner General for 2010 Shanghai Expo"
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780:(a traditional form of Chinese art), such as Shuanghuang (Chinese: 双簧),
690:. In 1985, the performance workshop Biao Fang (Chinese: 表演工作坊) launched
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In recent years, to appeal to younger audiences, animators have created
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As with many forms of performance art, Xiangsheng was banned during the
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in the mid-1800s, although its roots may extend as far back as the
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1042:(criticizes the social phenomenon during the Cultural Revolution).
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in the 1980s, Xiangsheng became a standard feature of the annual
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student of Xiangsheng, Mark Rowswell, who uses the stage name of
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705:(Chinese: 陳立華). Numerous other plays were produced, including:
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Xiangsheng is generally thought to have originated in the late
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2123:"Amid increasing US-China tensions, humor is serious business"
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Entertaining Xiangsheng: performers aim to entertain, such as
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On August 26, 1999, Wu Zhaonan announced the establishment of
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Qunkou Xiangsheng: a group act with at least three performers
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Hou Sect Xiangsheng: the representative personage Hou Baolin
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2008:"Alumni Feature – Jesse Appell – Global China Connection"
1979:"Comedian Jesse Appell Presents "The Great LOL of China""
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A Er (阿二) or A Cier (阿刺二), was a Xiangsheng performer of
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and excesses of this period. With the popularization of
428:(simplified Chinese: 学; traditional Chinese: 學; pinyin:
414:(simplified Chinese: 说; traditional Chinese: 說; pinyin:
522:, theaters, and, eventually, on radio and television.
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and became a second-generation Xiangsheng performer.
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Chang Sect Xiangsheng: the representative personage
391:, has said that the closest English equivalent is "
372:accent). The acts would sometimes include singing,
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1129:Liu Sect Xiangsheng: the representative personage
1013:Duikou Xiangsheng: a dialog between two performers
730:(2000; performed by Zhao Ziqiang, Jin Shijie, and
462:): to make a joke—tease is the soul of Xiangsheng.
1532:King-fai Tam; Sharon R. Wesoky (28 August 2017).
1104:Ma Sect Xiangsheng: the representative personage
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407:Modern Xiangsheng comprises four classic skills:
3703:
1010:Dankou Xiangsheng: a monolog by a solo performer
671:(Chinese: 陳逸安), Wei Longhao (Chinese: 魏龍豪), and
2207:A Translation of a routine on "Learning Manchu"
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1930:"Dashan's one-on-one with the China Institute"
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344:by a solo performer (similar to most forms of
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1760:"Ottawa Citizen - Google News Archive Search"
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525:There are three major sources of Xiangsheng:
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1740:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1706:Carroll, John M. (John Mark), 1961- (2007).
1562:Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture
1525:
845:. Xiangsheng became a fixed performance for
1594:"Dashan - Ambassador to China's Funny Bone"
1179:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
697:In 1989, Biao Fang launched the stage play
476:can be considered as singing in Xiangsheng.
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135:Xiangsheng performers in a Tianjin theater.
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1744:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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682:Initially, Xiangsheng's main audience was
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2143:The Performing Arts in Contemporary China
2139:
2133:
1199:Learn how and when to remove this message
863:Xiangsheng in Malaysia (Overseas Chinese)
316:'face and voice'), also known as
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1833:"Being Dashan - USA - Chinadaily.com.cn"
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853:(TVB) was created, and the variety show
675:met and hosted a Xiangsheng show on the
2001:
1999:
1858:"Can Stand-Up Comedy Succeed in China?"
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498:, particularly during the rules of the
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1280:Zhu Shaowen (1829–1903), known by his
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585:art form. Because it was performed in
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2221:
2100:Team, GCC Global (19 February 2021).
2006:Team, GCC Global (19 February 2021).
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728:Millennium Night, We Speak Xiangsheng
2195:Comedians Workshop (based in Taiwan)
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2005:
1996:
1856:Hunwick, Robert Foyle (2014-05-06).
1712:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
1605:
1603:
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1177:adding citations to reliable sources
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722:Another Night, They Speak Xiangsheng
379:Xiangsheng has connections with the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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2052:"点击过亿！师从丁广泉的"洋北漂"艾杰西生动演绎中国人乐观抗疫_相声"
1094:Contemporary Xiangsheng: after 1980
881:Singapore's expulsion from Malaysia
13:
1611:"Jesse Appell - Laowai in Beijing"
740:This Night, Women Speak Xiangsheng
320:or comic dialog, is a traditional
14:
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1600:
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1559:Edward L. Davis (2 August 2004).
1272:Shen Chunhe, better known by his
677:Broadcasting Corporation of China
332:. It is typically performed as a
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2251:and Chinese narrative traditions
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1060:Story of Beijing–Kowloon railway
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2146:. Routledge. pp. 102–104.
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1638:. Dashan Online. Archived from
911:Mark Rowswell started learning
716:That Night, We Speak Xiangsheng
699:Tonight, Who Speaks Xiangsheng?
692:That Night, We Speak Xiangsheng
577:After the establishment of the
34:needs additional citations for
2209:by Lei Lin, Harvard University
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1709:A concise history of Hong Kong
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712:(1991; performed by Li Liqun),
633:1989 Tiananmen Square protests
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1085:Tradition Xiangsheng: in the
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851:Television Broadcasts Limited
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1063:(praises the constructor of
801:Wu Zhaonan's Xiangsheng Club
7:
1661:"著名相声表演艺术家侯宝林的教子故事：要当一个艺术家"
1446:
1402:; traditional Chinese:
1245:; traditional Chinese:
1219:; traditional Chinese:
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900:Xiangsheng in North America
551:; traditional Chinese:
376:, and musical instruments.
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1538:. Springer. pp. 76–.
1091:New Xiangsheng: after 1949
1000:Xiangsheng classifications
983:and bridge cultural gaps.
579:People's Republic of China
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2140:Mackerras, Colin (2004).
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1954:"Cultural ambassadors |"
1663:. eduu论坛. Archived from
970:(丁广泉). Appell founded a
879:for development (before
626:China Central Television
510:. It began as a form of
199:Traditional Chinese
3125:Theatre of ancient Rome
2203:) (Traditional Chinese)
2171:China Xiangsheng Online
1688:. www.tealeafnation.com
1065:Beijing–Kowloon railway
994:Chinese Communist Party
956:Global China Connection
807:Xiangsheng in Hong Kong
215:Simplified Chinese
2191:) (Simplified Chinese)
2179:) (Simplified Chinese)
1249:) better known by his
856:Enjoy Yourself Tonight
833:In the 1940s and 50s,
16:Type of Chinese comedy
3332:Theatre of the Absurd
2504:Comedic/Light theater
1837:usa.chinadaily.com.cn
1636:"What is Xiangsheng?"
917:University of Toronto
904:In 1984, 19-year-old
533:Quanyechang, and the
468:(Chinese: 唱; pinyin:
458:(Chinese: 逗; pinyin:
3307:Shakespearean comedy
3105:Ancient Greek comedy
1910:ca.china-embassy.org
1173:improve this section
1051:The New Peach Garden
987:As social commentary
981:U.S.-China relations
954:where he joined the
814:has been popular in
750:(Chinese: 鄧程慧), and
659:Xiangsheng in Taiwan
43:improve this article
3717:Chinese comedy duos
2677:Revolutionary opera
2081:finance.sina.com.cn
2077:""美国东北人"艾杰西的中式喜剧情缘"
2032:exchanges.state.gov
1073:Speaking in tongues
1029:Walking in the dark
1005:By number of actors
960:Tsinghua University
952:Brandeis University
812:Northern Xiangsheng
772:(Chinese: 劉增鍇) and
710:Taiwan Bizarre Talk
684:internal immigrants
606:Cultural Revolution
397:Abbott and Costello
282:traditional Chinese
164:Originating culture
3295:Comédie larmoyante
3290:Sentimental comedy
3285:Restoration comedy
3248:Commedia dell'arte
3120:Corral de comedias
2121:Kanthor, Rebecca.
2075:新华网 (2021-02-23).
1569:. pp. 1301–.
1430:Li Mu (Liam Bates)
1138:Notable performers
512:street performance
292:simplified Chinese
3699:
3698:
3477:Musical comedians
3440:
3439:
3238:Comedy of manners
3233:Comedy of humours
3223:Boulevard theatre
3211:
3210:
3115:Comédie-Italienne
3110:Comédie-Française
3077:
3076:
2803:
2802:
2528:Tea-picking opera
2523:Flower-drum opera
2483:Religious theater
2478:
2477:
1886:www.chinanews.com
1882:"阎鹤祥：相声行业在内卷-中新网"
1812:SBS Your Language
1576:978-1-134-54953-5
1545:978-981-10-4960-6
1209:
1208:
1201:
1087:Late Qing Dynasty
964:Fulbright Scholar
950:, Appell went to
921:Peking University
869:Chinese Civil War
667:. The same year,
516:Republic of China
340:, or rarely as a
314:
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267:
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248:Standard Mandarin
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119:
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3626:Self-referential
3243:Comedy of menace
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2257:Dramatic theater
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1057:), Hou Yuewen's
835:Hong Kong cinema
788:(Chinese: 数来宝),
587:Mandarin Chinese
567:
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559:) (Chinese:
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538:Confucius Temple
500:Xianfeng Emperor
366:Mandarin Chinese
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3722:Stand-up comedy
3702:
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3695:
3667:
3532:
3514:Animated sitcom
3436:
3402:Musical theatre
3352:
3346:
3322:Stand-up comedy
3268:One-person show
3258:Improvisational
3207:
3129:
3073:
3027:Science fiction
2980:
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2861:Comedy festival
2839:
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2799:
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2440:Taiwanese opera
2353:Cantonese opera
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2298:Longjiang opera
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1345:(Mark Rowswell)
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989:
929:stand-up comedy
902:
887:(Chinese: 冯翔),
865:
843:Asia Television
826:and Hong Kong.
809:
784:(Chinese: 评书),
764:Give Me a Tape.
746:(Chinese: 方芳),
661:
622:New Year's Gala
599:Charlie Chaplin
575:
504:Tongzhi Emperor
492:
487:
420:tongue-twisters
405:
395:", a sketch by
393:Who's on First?
374:Chinese rapping
362:Tianjin dialect
350:Western culture
346:stand-up comedy
330:Chinese culture
230:Literal meaning
174:Originating era
168:Chinese culture
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2767:Related topics
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2465:Yangzhou opera
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2420:Shanghai opera
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2378:Huangmei opera
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1436:; pinyin:
1432:(Chinese:
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1382:(Chinese:
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1189:September 2018
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1133:(Chinese: 刘宝瑞)
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758:performances.
742:—performed by
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686:, mainly from
660:
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592:In the 1950s,
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474:Taiping lyrics
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368:with a strong
338:two performers
326:Chinese comedy
322:performing art
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2448:
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2445:Teochew opera
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2430:Sichuan opera
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2282:
2281:Huaihai opera
2279:
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2268:
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2259:
2255:
2250:
2249:Chinese opera
2243:
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2078:
2071:
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2047:
2033:
2029:
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2009:
2002:
2000:
1984:
1983:www.umass.edu
1980:
1974:
1959:
1958:Week In China
1955:
1949:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1887:
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1877:
1863:
1859:
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1719:9780742534216
1715:
1711:
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1702:
1687:
1681:
1667:on 2012-12-10
1666:
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1642:on 2013-12-12
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1475:Comedy portal
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1263:Chinese opera
1260:
1259:Eight Banners
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1158:This section
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1107:
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1080:By chronology
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948:Massachusetts
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870:
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858:
857:
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848:
847:variety shows
844:
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797:
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791:
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771:
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759:
757:
753:
749:
748:Deng Chenghui
745:
741:
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729:
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3519:Black sitcom
3499:Mockumentary
3407:Opéra bouffe
3375:Café-théâtre
3360:Ballad opera
3278:Harlequinade
3228:Comedy-drama
3145:
3007:Mockumentary
2891:Impersonator
2871:Comic timing
2792:
2785:
2778:
2755:
2728:
2721:
2712:
2707:
2698:
2693:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
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2617:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2555:
2548:
2537:
2510:
2490:Ritual opera
2450:Tongzi opera
2435:Suzhou opera
2415:Puxian opera
2395:Liyuan opera
2387:
2358:Gaojia opera
2337:Shanxi opera
2329:
2315:Peking opera
2307:
2290:
2271:Hebei bangzi
2142:
2135:
2126:
2116:
2105:. Retrieved
2095:
2084:. Retrieved
2080:
2070:
2059:. Retrieved
2056:www.sohu.com
2055:
2046:
2035:. Retrieved
2031:
2022:
2011:. Retrieved
1987:. Retrieved
1985:. 2016-11-30
1982:
1973:
1962:. Retrieved
1960:. 2020-07-03
1957:
1948:
1937:. Retrieved
1933:
1924:
1913:. Retrieved
1909:
1900:
1889:. Retrieved
1885:
1876:
1865:. Retrieved
1862:The Atlantic
1861:
1851:
1840:. Retrieved
1836:
1826:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:
1802:
1791:. Retrieved
1787:
1778:
1767:. Retrieved
1763:
1754:
1708:
1701:
1690:. Retrieved
1680:
1669:. Retrieved
1665:the original
1655:
1644:. Retrieved
1640:the original
1630:
1619:. Retrieved
1617:. 2015-10-23
1614:
1561:
1554:
1534:
1527:
1461:China portal
1437:
1396:Feng Yi-kang
1387:
1366:
1318:Chang Baohua
1306:
1195:
1186:
1171:Please help
1159:
1141:
1121:Chang Baokun
1117:Chang Lianan
1072:
1059:
1050:
1038:
1028:
990:
941:
903:
875:traveled to
866:
854:
840:
832:
828:
810:
798:
767:
763:
760:
739:
737:
727:
721:
715:
709:
698:
696:
691:
681:
662:
649:
630:
614:Gang of Four
603:
591:
576:
564:
556:
542:
524:
508:Ming Dynasty
496:Qing Dynasty
493:
479:
469:
465:
459:
455:
442:Peking opera
432:): includes
429:
425:
415:
411:
406:
378:
317:
305:
277:
276:
255:Hanyu Pinyin
179:Qing Dynasty
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
58:"Xiangsheng"
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3587:Documentary
3583:(dry humor)
3546:Alternative
3524:Teen sitcom
3417:Opera buffa
3392:Light music
3387:Comedy club
3337:Tragicomedy
3302:Shadow play
2774:Pear Garden
2563:Flower Drum
2542:(narrative)
2368:Hakka opera
2286:Jilin opera
2276:Henan opera
1420:Lee Li-chun
1375:Yue Yunpeng
1267:Zhang Sanlu
1233:Shen Chunhe
1225:Zhu Shaowen
1213:Zhang Sanlu
873:South China
849:. In 1967,
583:proletarian
545:Zhang Sanlu
436:, accents,
3712:Xiangsheng
3706:Categories
3494:Television
3397:Music hall
3342:Vaudeville
3263:Macchietta
3253:Double act
3162:Indonesia
3156:Mo lei tau
3152:Hong Kong
3146:Xiangsheng
3017:Remarriage
2926:Visual gag
2916:Punch line
2911:Prank call
2780:Shengqiang
2686:Role types
2628:Historical
2618:Xiangsheng
2576:Kuaibanshu
2557:Errenzhuan
2460:Wuxi opera
2425:Shao opera
2373:Huai opera
2320:Ping opera
2107:2021-09-29
2086:2021-09-26
2061:2021-09-29
2037:2021-09-26
2013:2021-09-29
1989:2021-09-29
1964:2021-09-29
1939:2021-09-29
1915:2021-09-26
1891:2021-09-29
1867:2021-09-26
1842:2021-09-29
1817:2021-09-26
1793:2021-09-26
1769:2021-09-26
1692:2013-11-11
1671:2013-11-12
1646:2013-11-29
1621:2021-09-29
1519:References
1508:Double act
1354:Guo Degang
1333:Hou Yaowen
1308:Liú Bǎoruì
1295:Hou Baolin
1282:stage name
1274:stage name
1251:stage name
1131:Liu Baorui
1110:Ma Zhiming
1039:Photograph
1021:By content
885:Feng Xiang
867:After the
818:since the
774:Lin Wenbin
770:Liu Zengqi
703:Chen Lihua
673:Wu Zhaonan
641:millennial
637:Guo Degang
618:television
610:satirizing
594:Hou Baolin
566:bā jiǎo gǔ
529:Tianqiao,
381:vaudeville
307:Xiàngsheng
278:Xiangsheng
261:Xiàngsheng
189:Xiangsheng
69:newspapers
3641:Slapstick
3566:Christian
3561:Character
3538:Subgenres
3353:and dance
3273:Pantomime
3059:Slapstick
3032:Screwball
2936:Word play
2794:Bian lian
2700:Xiaosheng
2604:Shulaibao
2495:Nuo opera
2470:Yue opera
2405:Min opera
2383:Hui opera
2363:Han opera
2127:The World
1736:cite book
1567:Routledge
1503:Shulaibao
1493:Shuochang
1349:Feng Gong
1328:Jiang Kun
1160:does not
1055:socialism
1053:(praises
1034:Li Wenhua
824:Guangdong
820:Zhongyuan
816:Hong Kong
786:Shulaibao
768:In 1993,
744:Fang Fang
738:In 2005,
732:Ni Minjan
669:Chen Yian
645:Jiang Kun
557:drum-song
520:teahouses
426:Imitating
358:allusions
318:crosstalk
124:Crosstalk
3681:Category
3616:Physical
3427:Operetta
3201:Sarugaku
3069:Thriller
2961:American
2881:Humorist
2851:Comedian
2746:Costumes
2739:Costumes
2636:Canjunxi
2512:Errentai
2455:Wu opera
2410:Ou opera
2400:Lu opera
2346:Southern
2331:Qinqiang
2325:Pu opera
2309:Maoqiang
2303:Lü opera
2292:Liuqiang
2264:Northern
1728:76902041
1447:See also
1338:Guo Qiru
1298:Ma Sanli
1290:Zhejiang
1286:Shaoxing
1239:A Yantao
1229:A Yantao
1106:Ma Sanli
1099:By genre
979:to help
977:Internet
909:comedian
906:Canadian
877:Malaysia
652:animated
502:and the
472:): only
438:dialects
412:Speaking
385:Canadian
370:northern
336:between
99:May 2019
3653:Surreal
3581:Deadpan
3467:Hip hop
3365:Cabaret
3091:Country
3083:Theatre
3047:Mexican
3042:Italian
3022:Romance
2997:Fantasy
2976:Italian
2966:British
2954:Country
2671:Zidishu
2664:Chuanqi
2643:Yuanben
2597:Pingtan
2590:Pingshu
2583:Naamyam
1513:Pingshu
1389:Sūn Yuè
1380:Sun Yue
1368:Yú Qiān
1359:Yu Qian
1181:removed
1166:sources
915:at the
913:Chinese
893:Lu Ding
889:Bai Yan
790:Kuaiban
782:Pingshu
756:theater
752:Xiao Ai
535:Nanjing
531:Tianjin
527:Beijing
490:Origins
485:History
466:Singing
456:Teasing
364:(or in
342:monolog
83:scholar
3691:Portal
3663:Zombie
3646:Topics
3606:Insult
3601:Horror
3576:Cringe
3509:Sitcom
3472:Parody
3196:Rakugo
3191:Owarai
3186:Manzai
3181:Kyōgen
3177:Japan
3171:Ludruk
3166:Lenong
3098:Europe
3064:Stoner
3054:Silent
3012:Parody
3002:Horror
2992:Action
2971:French
2921:Satire
2886:Humour
2844:Topics
2837:Comedy
2787:Yunbai
2757:Lingzi
2150:
1726:
1716:
1573:
1542:
1488:Rakugo
1483:Manzai
1343:Dashan
1255:Manchu
1231:, and
972:comedy
944:Boston
933:Canada
925:Dashan
891:, and
665:Taiwan
450:Bangzi
448:, and
446:Pingxi
403:Format
389:Dashan
334:dialog
304::
302:pinyin
294::
284::
141:Medium
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3631:Shock
3571:Clown
3551:Black
3504:Roast
3489:Radio
3484:Novel
3457:Album
3452:Music
3445:Media
3432:Revue
3351:Music
3216:Genre
3141:China
2985:Genre
2901:Irony
2876:Farce
2714:Wudan
2694:Sheng
2650:Nanxi
2611:Tanci
2550:Baiju
2389:Kunqu
2188:天津相声网
2176:中华相声网
1831:孟令君.
1498:Kouji
1439:Lǐ Mù
1314:Ma Ji
1277:Erfu.
1047:Ma Ji
962:as a
937:China
470:chàng
434:Kouji
177:late
149:Types
144:Sound
90:JSTOR
76:books
3636:Sick
3621:Prop
3592:High
3556:Blue
3462:Rock
3317:Spex
3134:Asia
2946:Film
2906:Joke
2729:Chou
2722:Jing
2657:Zaju
2569:Guci
2539:Quyi
2200:相聲瓦舍
2148:ISBN
1746:link
1742:link
1724:OCLC
1714:ISBN
1571:ISBN
1540:ISBN
1164:any
1162:cite
935:and
778:Quyi
612:the
416:shuō
356:and
354:puns
313:lit.
62:news
3596:low
3037:Sex
2931:Wit
2708:Dan
1424:李立群
1414:宋少卿
1404:馮翊綱
1400:冯翊纲
1303:刘宝瑞
1247:阿彥濤
1243:阿彦涛
1221:張三祿
1217:张三禄
1175:by
1049:'s
1036:'s
883:).
624:of
601:".
561:八角鼓
553:張三祿
549:张三禄
460:dòu
430:xué
348:in
324:in
156:in
45:by
3708::
3594:/
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2054:.
2030:.
1998:^
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1956:.
1932:.
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310:;
300:;
297:相声
290:;
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206:相聲
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