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support for the ideology. In being a
Christian establishment, Gingling Women's College practiced Christian values such as service and stewardship. Her position on this was both the ideological and personal. She criticized the social services provided by the college, arguing that they were indeed a venture of western imperialism, more specifically deeming it as “cultural aggression.” Her more personal views were that the social services undertaken by the college both lacked in longevity, depth in matters of alleviating the distresses of the working and peasant classes of society, and called for a “lifeless” and foreign interpretation of both texts and pursuits of knowledge. This to her was a hindrance and stalling of the kind of political revolution that would result in real and measurable change. Though these were her criticisms during the Maoist period, during the republican regime (1911-1949), Wu served as a dedicated leader of the college, working hard to educate young Chinese women to be of good service to their nation and to God.
429:'s government. Wu believed that the communists were not successful at achieving support due to their ideology but rather due to the “continual poverty and skillful (use of) propaganda”. Although a prominent figure within the Chinese democracy, Wu's advice and calls for democratic change and reform were continuously ignored by Chaing Kai-Shek. As the communist victory over Chaing Kai-Shek became evident in 1949, Wu remained hopeful, hope which grounded in Chinese tradition and an effective education system. After the communist victory, Wu began to support that new government and changed her criticisms of the Communists to positivity, based on its ability to efficiently organize people and institutions. Wu began to take on an active role in the communist government and joined several committees such as the Nanjing Peoples Representatives in order to ensure that her advocacy for education continued to be heard.
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college's notions and practices of western cultural and academic imperialism and creating social service programs that instead reflected indigenous systems and beliefs. A main area of focus was rural and domestic life. This was to bring an end to a culture of elite superiority and practices and “self-orientalism.” A way in which such change was created in the college was in their dealings with rural populations and
Christian projects to match the political landscape at the time. After their petitioning it was stipulated that heads of the Christian school must be of Chinese ethnic descent, that religious courses be non compulsory, and that patriotic knowledge and instruction be imbedded in the curriculum. Only after official declaration of new rules did she accept the position of head of Gingling Women's College.
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the rural families.” Wu's initial plan was to create a training course in which young women would be trained in how to work the country. She had hoped to hire a
Chinese instructor but in facing difficulty with this she instead encouraged former students to pursue degrees in rural sociology in the United States of America. In a letter to a colleague Wu expressed her attitudes towards this recommendation, saying, “rural conditions in America and here are so different…studies in America cannot help in the practical work, however students could get at the fundamental and the application according to conditions here.” In 1939, Wu was successful in the creation of the Department of Home Economics for which courses began in the fall.
396:. Through a reliable network of connections, she was able to reach out to the first college student, Y.T. Zee to arrange a conversation with the foreign minister. Although Ginling College was run as with a Christian background, the rise of Chinese nationalism and sinification led Wu to reframe the colleges’ vision. With the nationalist government, educational institutions could not be utilized to propagate religion. Hence, after meeting with the Ministry of Education in April 1929, Wu wanted to maintain the Christian spirit but the officials declined her proposition. After two years of working on officially registering Ginling as a national educational institution, she was able to register it as a college (
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responsibilities including revising the preamble and taking part in discussions between nations. Wu also advocated for women's rights, and her responsibility of being part of the team revising the preamble allowed her to ensure the inclusion of women's right in the founding document of the United
Nations. Wu opposed the creation of a commission dedicated to investigating women's rights issues because she believed that it inherently separate women and men and should instead focus on human rights over all. Wu was upset that the Chinese delegation often chose to blindly follow the United States agenda, one which never asked the Chinese delegation for any consultation or advice. Along with
311:”, which translates as “Winter Born”. Wu came from a well-educated family: her grandfather was a magistrate in Jingzhou, Hubei, her father served as the director of Yali Bureau in Hubei, as well as a magistrate of Dangyang County, and her uncle was a famous scholar in Hangzhou. Wu was educated from a young age, studying at home with her brother at the age of seven, then attending Hangzhou's Hongdao Girls' School, Shanghai's Qiming Girls' School, and Suzhou's Jinghai Girls' School with her sister. As she frequently changed schools and moved cities, her experiences fuelled her curiosity about the world outside her home. With a scholarly family background, Wu was encouraged to
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Nourse, an
American professor at Ginling College, inviting her to study at the university. At Ginling College, in addition to being elected president of the first student self-government association, Wu led over 50 students to support the 1919 Beijing May 4 Movement. She was also introduced to Christianity by her classmate, Xu Yi-Zhen, and was baptized in 1918. On June 25, 1919, Wu Yi-fang was one of five graduates in the college's first graduation class and became one of the first female college students in China to obtain a bachelor's degree.
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462:(Brazil), Wu Yi-fang was one of only four women to sign the original UN Charter at the end of the San Francisco conference, and was the only female Asian signatory. After Wu's diplomatic success in San Francisco in 1945, Wu received over 142 requests for her audience, two honorary degrees from American Universities, and gave numerous talks both in person and broadcast across the United States.
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scholars, professors and highly trained experts were asked to work at the college. They also strived for a comprehensive educated that valued the integration of
Chinese and western culture and built holistic knowledge. With the college's expansion and increase of sinification, Wu ensured a stable position in Christian, feminist and government-associated organizations in China.
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In 1909, Wu's father was framed by his boss for “embezzling public funds”. In distress over the lost funds, he committed suicide by throwing himself into a river. Wu Yi-fang left her school, and the following year, she and her family moved to her mother's hometown in
Hangzhou, relying on relatives to
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in 1945. Wu came from a well-educated family and throughout her life attended numerous schools in both China and
America, which played a large role in her advocacy for women's education in China. This advocacy was most persistent and prominent in her role as president of Ginling College where she was
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Under her leadership the college also saw an expansion of rural social services during times of war, seeing as to her “social education was a field of service which a
Christian college ought to be doing seriously.” In this respect, her concern was that the college was not “training women workers for
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With a focus on the advancement of education, she readjusted teaching plans to reflect a modernized view. Only core majors were kept such as
Chinese, English, History, Geography, Chemistry, Biology, Sociology, Music and PE. To improve the academic standard and scientific research capacities, famous
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Wu Yi-fang was the president of Ginling Women's College from 1928 to 1951. In 1928, Wu – a first class graduate from Ginling Women's College and had completed her Ph.D. at the University of Michigan – returned to China and accepted the position of president. Wu was the first Chinese woman to head a
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Wu Yi-fang went to live with her uncle in Hangzhou, where she continued her studies at Hongdao Girls' School. A few years later, with her uncle's recommendation, she taught English at Beijing Women's Higher Normal School. She moved back to Shanghai in 1915, where she received a letter from Mary A.
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visited the school. Impressed by Wu's work, Wooley recommended Wu for a Barbour Scholarship to the University of Michigan. In 1922, Wu Yi-fang attended the University of Michigan to study biology. In America, Wu served as president of the North American Chinese Christian Student Association, vice
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Between 1928 and 1951, Wu Yi-fang was in office as president of the Protestant missionary Gingling Women's College. During those years, specifically 1952, China's communist government shut down the college, however, Wu remained in leadership positions. During China's Maoist period, she expressed
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After the Japanese surrender and subsequent retreat from Chinese territory, Wu Yi-fang became concerned with the growing “communist problem” within China. As a lifelong advocate for the benefits of an efficient democratic government, Wu viewed the Communist party as yet another group seeking to
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Wu Yi-fang began her political career in 1938 when she was chosen for the People's Political Council (PPC) in place of the communist delegation who declined to participate. Wu had a remarkable ability to remain composed in heated arguments and oftentimes effectively served as an arbiter between
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In 1927, with the help of other Gingling graduates, she made attempts to materialize the changes they wanted to see for Gingling Women's college. This was to provide services in a way that would be meaningful to China as a developing nation. This was a decolonizing process of transforming the
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Hannan, Carolyn, Aina Iiyambo, and Christine Brautigam. “A Short History of the Commission on the Status of Women.” UN Women, accessed March 5, 2019. http://www.unwomen.org/-/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2019/a-short-history-of-the-csw-en.pdf?la=en&vs=1153.
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in 1945. Wu was the only woman chosen for the Chinese delegation. Despite initial reservations due to a kidney related illness, Wu accepted the position and had been chosen to represent China due to her short successful political career as a part of the PPC. At the conference, Wu had several
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through her leadership roles in student organizations enabled her to bridge the gap between Chinese and American networks with regards to education. Her role as a Chinese diplomat was most evident when in 1945 she was sent as the only woman part of the Chinese Delegation at the
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consolidate power and believed that both the Communists and the Chiang governments were driven by their self-interests and would not be able to work together for betterment of the Chinese nation. Wu had also become quite critical of corruption and inefficiency within
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United Feature Syndicate, Inc. “Eleanor Roosevelt’s “My Day,” 12/10/1943: The Artists Value to the Public.” The White House Historical Association. Accessed March 5, 2019. https://www.whitehousehistory.org/eleanor-roosevelts-my-day-12-10-1943.
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president of the Chinese Students Association in the US, and president of the Chinese Student Union of the University of Michigan. Wu earned her master's degree in 1924, and her doctoral degree in 1928, writing her dissertation on
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331:) committed suicide by jumping into a river. Exacerbated by the deaths of her husband and her son, Wu's mother, who had fallen ill, died shortly after. The night before her mother's funeral, Wu's sister, Wu Yi-fen (
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He, Wei 何玮. “Xin nuxing yu jindai ZhongGuo nuzi jiaoyu” 新女性”与近代中国女子教育——吴贻芳个案研究 . Huadong ligong daxue waiguo yu xueyuan 华东理工大学外国语学院 (China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House) 3 (2016): 107-116.
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Wei 何玮 He. “Xin nuxing yu jindai ZhongGuo nuzi jiaoyu” 新女性”与近代中国女子教育——吴贻芳个案研究 , Huadong ligong daxue waiguo yu xueyuan 华东理工大学外国语学院 (China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House) 3 (2016): 108.
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rivals. In her position, Wu sought to uphold and establish democratic values in China and often warned of the dangers of a political system which appoints its own representative, such as the
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Her memorial service was held in Nanjing, and more than 700 representatives from diverse backgrounds attended, reflecting the widespread impact she had on the world around her.
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Zhou, Heping 周和平. “Wu Yi-fang Nian Biao” 吴贻芳年表 . Jiangsu Sheng Shehui Zhuyi Xueyuan Xuebao 江苏省社会主义学院学报 (China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House) 1 (2013): 4-13.
315:, like her mother had done in her youth. She would later realize she could not continue to pursue education with bound feet and began unbinding and lengthening her feet.
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Wu was also a significant Chinese diplomat abroad, especially in America, where she attained her MA and PhD in biology. The connections she made during her time at the
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Following her graduation, Wu began teaching at the Beijing Women's Higher Normal School, where she served as the director of the English Department. During this time,
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college, and often seen as one of the few female leaders in a male-dominated administrative body, Wu accomplished bold reforms in teaching and educational policies.
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Wu Yi-fang is remembered as a dedicated president and diplomat, who consistently pursued greater access to education for women in China and abroad.
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Schneider, Helen M. (2014). "Raising the Standards of Family Life: Ginling Women's College and Christian Social Service in Republican China".
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1304:
Schneider, Helen M. (2012). "Mobilising Women: The Women's Advisory Council, Resistance and Reconstruction during China's War with Japan".
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Schneider, Helen M. (2012). "Mobilising Women: The Women's Advisory Council, Resistance and Reconstruction during China's War with Japan".
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Schneider, Helen M. "Raising the Standards of Family Life: Ginling Women’s College and Christian Social Service in Republican China." In
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broke out. Without hope of emigrating out of the country to escape the many uprisings and revolts at the time, her brother, Wu Yi-chu (
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University of Michigan. “Projects: Yi-fang Wu.” Accessed March 5, 2019. https://rackham.umich.edu/project/yi-fang-wu/
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Ginling College, “I. The Predecessor of Ginling College -- Ginling Women’s University,” Last updated August 9, 2015,
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1336:, edited by Choi Hyaeweol and Jolly Margaret, 113–40. ANU Press, 2014. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt13wwvck.9.
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Wu faced her first critical moment when a general wanted to occupy the headquarters temporarily for the warlord
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335:) hung herself in despair. At the age of 19, Wu's brother, mother, and sister had died, all within a month.
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Carol Lee Hamrin, “Wu Yifang,” Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity, Accessed March 5, 2019,
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1267:"Introduction to Ginling College: I. The Predecessor of Ginling College -- Ginling Women's University"
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259:, 1893–1985) was a prominent Chinese figure who is best known for her role as president of
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Letter from Dr. Wu Yi-fang (吳貽芳) to Margaret Hodge Cordially yours, / Yi-fang Wu, / President.
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support them. After a year, they moved again to Shanghai with Wu's uncle, Chen Shu-tong (
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Wu Yi-fang died on November 10, 1985, due to respiratory infections and heart failure.
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since it did not reach the amount of departments needed for the government standards.
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Wu Yi-fang is best remembered for her diplomatic contributions and presence at the
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Wu Yi-fang was born the youngest of three children in Wuchang city, located in the
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704:"Eleanor Roosevelt's 'My Day' 12/10/1943: The Artists Value to the Public"
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Abundant life: Matilda Thurston, Wu Yifang and Ginling College, 1915–1951
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able to actively integrate the educational policies she believed in.
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Yung, Judy (15 November 1995). "In Step: The War Years, 1931-1945".
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that was beginning to gain popularity in China in the late 1930s.
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in China. As she was born in the winter, her father, Wu Shou-xun (
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Divine Domesticities: Christian Paradoxes in Asia and the Pacific
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Unbound feet: a social history of Chinese women in San Francisco
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Unbound feet: a social history of Chinese women in San Francisco
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Wu Yi-fang was one of only four women to sign the UN Charter.
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600:"A Short History of the Commission on the Status of Women"
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http://jny.njnu.edu.cn/en/about/2015-8/100930_560239.html
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and as the first and one of only four women to sign the
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Hannan, Carolyn; Iiyambo, Aina; Brautigam, Christine.
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740:. University of California Press. pp. 223–278.
1363:Yi-fang, Wu (1944). "Education in War-Time China".
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Women and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
675:Yi-fang, Wu (1944). "Education in War-Time China".
1249:Women and the Universal Declaration of Human Right
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2613:Presidents of universities and colleges in China
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519:. Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica.
1284:Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity
880:Rackham Graduate School: University of Michigan
545:"Letter from Dr. Wu Yi-fang to Florence Tyler"
295:Hubei Province, China, where Yi-fang was born.
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323:) and his family. On October 10, 1911, the
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1011:, Wu Yifang and Ginling College, 1915–1951
586:http://bdcconline.net/en/stories/wu-yifang
342:Former residence of Wu Yi-fang in Nanjing.
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1639:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
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2608:Women heads of universities and colleges
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27:Chinese head of university (1893–1985)
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774:周和平 (2013). "Wu Yi-fang Nian Biao"
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616:from the original on 2 February 2020
471:Views on education and domestic life
2628:All-China Women's Federation people
2577:National Christian Council of China
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714:from the original on 2 October 2022
59:Wuchang City, Hubei Province, China
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1388:. University of California Press.
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361:The Life History of the Black Fly
778:[Wu Yifang Chronology].
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400:, however, not as a university (
1384:Yung, Judy (15 November 1995).
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1154:. ANU Press. pp. 113–140.
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886:from the original on 2022-10-02
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2378:Catholic Patriotic Association
1995:Christianity in Inner Mongolia
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2623:University of Michigan alumni
2398:Three-Self Patriotic Movement
517:Integrated Information System
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1990:Christianity in Heilongjiang
974:(Links to an external site.)
588:(Links to an external site.)
411:
7:
2519:Anti-sex-selective abortion
1459:Timeline of Chinese history
1251:. New York, NY: Routledge.
375:
10:
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2544:Chinese Christian Colleges
1665:Franciscan missions (Yuan)
1479:Catholic Church in Shaanxi
1474:Catholic Church in Sichuan
1346:Waelchli, Mary Jo (2002).
1005:Waelchli, Mary Jo (2002).
532:Miss Wu Yi-fang Wu I-fang
234:
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2524:Anti-footbinding campaign
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2033:Christianity in Guangdong
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1889:Christianity in Chongqing
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1753:Medical missions in China
1738:
1730:St. Paul's College, Macau
1720:Chinese Rites controversy
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1587:Hymns of Universal Praise
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2488:Second Sino-Japanese War
2005:Christianity in Liaoning
1929:Christianity in Xinjiang
1871:Christianity in Zhejiang
1866:Christianity in Shanghai
1861:Christianity in Shandong
1675:Foreign Missions Society
1634:Mogao Christian painting
1559:Studium Biblicum Version
1496:Protestantism in Sichuan
1484:Catholic Church in Tibet
1469:Catholic Church in China
775:
487:
447:San Francisco Conference
433:San Francisco Conference
287:Early life and education
278:San Francisco Conference
155:Traditional Chinese
2572:China Christian Council
2554:Sino-Christian theology
2473:Anti-Christian Movement
2403:China Christian Council
2388:The Christian Manifesto
2038:Christianity in Guangxi
2015:Christianity in Tianjin
1980:Christianity in Beijing
1919:Christianity in Sichuan
1914:Christianity in Shaanxi
1909:Christianity in Qinghai
1904:Christianity in Ningxia
1899:Christianity in Guizhou
1856:Christianity in Jiangxi
1851:Christianity in Jiangsu
1690:Giovanni de' Marignolli
1569:Today's Chinese Version
1503:Chinese Orthodox Church
1365:Pi Lambda Theta Journal
1247:Adami, Rebecca (2018).
677:Pi Lambda Theta Journal
169:Simplified Chinese
2514:Science and technology
2436:Century of humiliation
2368:Church-state relations
2194:Mary Stone (Shi Meiyu)
2159:Deng Yuzhi (Cora Deng)
2043:Christianity in Hainan
2010:Christianity in Shanxi
1934:Christianity in Yunnan
1846:Christianity in Fujian
1768:Divie Bethune McCartee
1725:Martyr Saints of China
1715:Frédéric-Vincent Lebbe
1670:Jesuit missions (Ming)
1491:Protestantism in China
1231:Raising the Standards,
1209:Raising the Standards,
1196:Raising the Standards,
782:(in Chinese (China)).
454:(Dominican Republic),
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385:
343:
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273:University of Michigan
109:University of Michigan
2299:Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei
2053:Christianity in Macau
2000:Christianity in Jilin
1985:Christianity in Hebei
1962:Christianity in Hunan
1957:Christianity in Hubei
1952:Christianity in Henan
1924:Christianity in Tibet
1894:Christianity in Gansu
1841:Christianity in Anhui
1554:Chinese Union Version
1445:Christianity in China
549:The View from Ginling
456:Virginia Gildersleeve
440:
383:
356:Mount Holyoke College
341:
294:
132:Educator and Diplomat
2539:Cantonese Roman Type
2370:in People's Republic
2229:John Ching Hsiung Wu
1680:John of Montecorvino
1152:Divine Domesticities
2563:Interdenominational
2529:Anti-opium campaign
2493:Cultural Revolution
2393:Protestant Lianghui
2294:Aloysius Jin Luxian
2066:Chinese Christians
1685:Odoric of Pordenone
1564:Chinese New Version
1278:Hamrin, Carol Lee.
551:. Barnard College.
89:Academic background
2618:Chinese Christians
2549:Manchurian revival
2534:Chinese Roman Type
2383:Underground church
1629:Jingjiao Documents
1616:Church of the East
1592:Chinese New Hymnal
1549:Delegates' Version
1541:Bible translations
452:Minerva Bernardino
443:
386:
344:
307:)) nicknamed her “
297:
2585:
2584:
2483:Chinese Civil War
2468:Xinhai Revolution
2446:Taiping Rebellion
2431:Rites controversy
2362:
2361:
2219:Francis C. M. Wei
2072:
2061:
2060:
1818:
1817:
1403:978-0-520-08867-2
1161:978-1-925021-94-3
755:978-0-520-08867-2
458:(United States),
325:XinHai Revolution
233:
232:
225:
224:
192:Standard Mandarin
140:
139:
68:November 10, 1985
16:(Redirected from
2635:
2478:Nanjing incident
2463:Tianjin Massacre
2076:
2075:
2068:
1829:
1828:
1788:Jonathan Goforth
1612:
1611:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1380:
1359:
1329:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1274:
1273:. 9 August 2015.
1262:
1234:
1227:
1212:
1205:
1199:
1192:
1183:
1182:Wu Yi-fang, 132.
1180:
1174:
1173:
1147:
1132:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1076:
1073:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1009:Matilda Thurston
1002:
996:
993:
984:
981:
975:
968:
955:
952:
937:
934:
928:
925:
916:
913:
904:
901:
895:
894:
892:
891:
872:
857:
854:
833:
830:
805:
802:
796:
795:
771:
760:
759:
733:
724:
723:
721:
719:
699:
693:
692:
672:
666:
665:
637:
626:
625:
623:
621:
615:
604:
595:
589:
582:
567:
566:
561:
560:
541:
535:
534:
529:
528:
509:
366:
334:
330:
322:
310:
306:
221:
220:
207:
206:
183:
182:
177:
176:
163:
162:
142:
141:
56:January 26, 1893
44:
30:
29:
21:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2564:
2558:
2502:
2498:Boluan Fanzheng
2456:Boxer Rebellion
2419:
2369:
2358:
2275:
2268:
2264:David Z. T. Yui
2244:Y. C. James Yen
2149:Chiang Kai-shek
2130:
2102:
2070:
2067:
2057:
2019:
1966:
1938:
1875:
1824:
1814:
1793:Cambridge Seven
1783:Timothy Richard
1758:Robert Morrison
1734:
1653:
1607:Mission history
1601:
1573:
1535:
1507:
1447:
1442:
1404:
1288:
1286:
1271:Ginling College
1265:
1259:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1228:
1215:
1206:
1202:
1193:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1162:
1148:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1100:Rebecca Adami,
1099:
1095:
1090:
1079:
1074:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1026:
1007:Abundant life:
1003:
999:
994:
987:
982:
978:
969:
958:
953:
940:
935:
931:
926:
919:
914:
907:
902:
898:
889:
887:
874:
873:
860:
855:
836:
831:
808:
803:
799:
777:
772:
763:
756:
734:
727:
717:
715:
700:
696:
673:
669:
638:
629:
619:
617:
613:
602:
596:
592:
583:
570:
558:
556:
543:
542:
538:
526:
524:
511:
510:
506:
501:
490:
473:
468:
435:
427:Chiang Kai-Shek
419:Communist Party
414:
384:Ginling College
378:
373:
354:, President of
289:
261:Ginling College
250:
107:
100:Ginling College
72:
69:
60:
57:
55:
54:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2641:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2082:
2073:
2069:(by period of
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1803:Gladys Aylward
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1744:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1710:Angelo Zottoli
1707:
1705:Joachim Bouvet
1702:
1697:
1695:Francis Xavier
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1583:
1581:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1394:2027/heb.02043
1381:
1371:(4): 130–134.
1360:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1330:
1312:(2): 213–236.
1301:
1298:
1295:
1275:
1263:
1257:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1213:
1200:
1184:
1175:
1170:j.ctt13wwvck.9
1160:
1133:
1124:
1115:
1106:
1093:
1077:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1024:
997:
985:
976:
956:
938:
929:
917:
905:
896:
858:
834:
806:
797:
761:
754:
746:2027/heb.02043
725:
694:
683:(4): 130–134.
667:
648:(2): 213–236.
627:
590:
568:
536:
503:
502:
500:
497:
489:
486:
472:
469:
467:
464:
434:
431:
413:
410:
377:
374:
372:
369:
301:Hubei Province
288:
285:
231:
230:
227:
226:
223:
222:
215:
209:
208:
201:
195:
194:
188:
187:
186:Transcriptions
179:
178:
171:
165:
164:
157:
151:
150:
147:
146:
138:
137:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
121:
120:
97:
91:
90:
86:
85:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
71:Nanjing, China
70:
66:
62:
61:
58:
52:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2640:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:organisations
2561:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2451:Yangzhou riot
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2365:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2214:Wang Ming-Dao
2212:
2210:
2209:Tseng Pao-sun
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2179:Lu Zhengxiang
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2116:Hong Xiuchuan
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2064:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1773:Hudson Taylor
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1763:Karl Gützlaff
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1513:Terms for God
1510:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1258:9780429795527
1254:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1210:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1179:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1103:
1097:
1091:Waelchi, 252.
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1058:
1052:Waelchi, 263.
1049:
1043:Waelchi, 265.
1040:
1034:Waelchi, 262.
1031:
1029:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1001:
995:Waelchi, 234.
992:
990:
983:Waelchi, 233.
980:
973:
967:
965:
963:
961:
954:Waelchi, 123.
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
936:Waelchi, 122.
933:
927:Waelchi, 121.
924:
922:
915:Waelchi, 118.
912:
910:
900:
885:
881:
877:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
801:
793:
789:
785:
781:
770:
768:
766:
757:
751:
747:
743:
739:
732:
730:
713:
709:
705:
698:
690:
686:
682:
678:
671:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
636:
634:
632:
612:
608:
601:
594:
587:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
565:
554:
550:
546:
540:
533:
522:
518:
514:
508:
504:
496:
493:
485:
481:
477:
466:Personal life
463:
461:
457:
453:
448:
439:
430:
428:
422:
420:
409:
405:
403:
399:
395:
390:
382:
368:
362:
357:
353:
348:
340:
336:
326:
316:
314:
313:bind her feet
302:
293:
284:
281:
279:
274:
269:
266:
262:
258:
254:
248:
247:
242:
238:
228:
216:
214:
210:
202:
200:
196:
193:
189:
184:
180:
172:
170:
166:
158:
156:
152:
148:
143:
135:
131:
127:
124:Academic work
122:
118:
114:
110:
105:
101:
98:
96:
92:
87:
83:
79:
75:
67:
63:
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
2415:House church
2314:Liu Xiaofeng
2309:Lin Shengben
2249:Ying Lianzhi
2238:
2189:Watchman Nee
2164:Feng Yuxiang
2154:Cheng Jingyi
2098:Yang Tingyun
1808:
1798:Eric Liddell
1700:Matteo Ricci
1597:Canaan Hymns
1464:Christianity
1385:
1368:
1364:
1347:
1333:
1309:
1305:
1287:. Retrieved
1283:
1270:
1248:
1241:Bibliography
1230:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1178:
1151:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1101:
1096:
1075:Waelchi, 283
1061:Waelchi, 265
1057:
1048:
1039:
1006:
1000:
979:
932:
903:Zhou 周, 4-5.
899:
888:. Retrieved
879:
876:"Yi-fang Wu"
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780:江苏省社会主义学院学报
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199:Hanyu Pinyin
2603:1985 deaths
2598:1893 births
2334:Wang Weifan
2324:Matthias Lu
2304:Samuel Lamb
2259:Paul Yu Pin
2234:Wu Leichuan
2169:Francis Hsu
2071:prominence)
1823:By province
1778:Lottie Moon
1624:Xi'an Stele
1452:Foundations
1280:"Wu Yifang"
1229:Schneider,
1207:Schneider,
1194:Schneider,
460:Bertha Lutz
352:Mary Wooley
241:family name
77:Citizenship
2592:Categories
2441:Opium Wars
2408:Seminaries
2354:Zhao Fusan
2349:Allen Yuan
2329:K. H. Ting
2319:Lü Xiaomin
2289:He Guanghu
2239:Wu Yi-fang
2204:Sun Yatsen
2184:Ma Xiangbo
2174:Jia Yuming
2144:T. C. Chao
2126:Xi Shengmo
2093:Xu Guangqi
2088:Candida Xu
1825:and region
1740:Protestant
1350:(Thesis).
1131:Adami, 36.
1122:Adami, 34.
1113:Adami, 35.
1013:(Thesis).
890:2019-03-09
856:Zhou 周, 4.
832:He 何, 108.
559:2022-10-02
527:2022-10-02
499:References
394:Yan Xishan
265:UN Charter
253:Wu Yi-fang
213:Wade–Giles
205:Wú Yí Fāng
145:Wu Yi-fang
129:Discipline
95:Alma mater
34:Wu Yi-fang
18:Wu Yi-Fang
2284:Joseph Gu
2199:John Sung
1809:(more...)
1356:305496928
1019:305496928
792:1672-3163
412:Political
257:Wu I-fang
219:Wu I-fang
2344:Y. T. Wu
2276:Republic
2274:People's
2224:Paul Wei
2136:Republic
2121:Liang Fa
1748:Agencies
1658:Catholic
1377:42915913
1352:ProQuest
1326:23615457
1015:ProQuest
884:Archived
718:March 5,
712:Archived
689:42915913
662:23615457
611:Archived
607:UN Women
553:Archived
521:Archived
398:xueyuan)
376:Academic
235:In this
2339:Wang Yi
2254:Dora Yu
1944:Central
1531:Shangdi
1521:Tianzhu
1289:5 March
620:5 March
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2025:South
1972:North
1579:Hymns
1373:JSTOR
1322:JSTOR
1166:JSTOR
786:(1).
776:吴贻芳年表
685:JSTOR
658:JSTOR
614:(PDF)
603:(PDF)
513:"吳貽芳"
488:Death
365:黒蝇生活史
2108:Qing
2080:Ming
1881:West
1833:East
1649:Adam
1526:Shen
1398:ISBN
1291:2019
1253:ISBN
1156:ISBN
788:ISSN
784:2013
750:ISBN
720:2019
622:2019
367:),.
65:Died
49:Born
1390:hdl
1314:doi
1233:17.
1211:12.
742:hdl
650:doi
333:吴贻芬
329:吴贻榘
321:陈叔通
305:吴守训
243:is
175:吴贻芳
161:吳貽芳
117:PhD
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