World population - Knowledge

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Revolution starting in the 1940s, followed by even more severely accelerated population growth. Often, wealthier countries send their surplus food resources to the aid of starving communities; however, some proponents of this theory argue that this seemingly beneficial strategy only results in further harm to those communities in the long run. Anthropologist Peter Farb, for example, has commented on the paradox that "intensification of production to feed an increased population leads to a still greater increase in population." Environmental writer Daniel Quinn has also focused on this phenomenon, which he calls the "food race", coining a term he felt was comparable, in terms of both escalation and potential catastrophe, to the

847: 7176:, which also have the highest access to food. In fact, some developed countries have both a diminishing population and an abundant food supply. The United Nations projects that the population of 51 countries or areas, including Germany, Italy, Japan, and most of the states of the former Soviet Union, is expected to be lower in 2050 than in 2005. This shows that, limited to the scope of the population living within a single given political boundary, particular human populations do not always grow to match the available food supply. However, the global population as a whole still grows in accordance with the total food supply and many of these wealthier countries are major 3068: 2268: 1492: 1542: 1941: 1615: 3002: 1460: 1443: 3084: 451:, had about 5 million inhabitants in 1815; it had a population of over 139 million in 2020. In just one hundred years, the population of Brazil decupled (x10), from about 17 million in 1900, or about 1% of the world population in that year, to about 176 million in 2000, or almost 3% of the global population in the very early 21st century. Mexico's population grew from 13.6 million in 1900 to about 112 million in 2010. Between the 1920s and 2000s, Kenya's population grew from 2.9 million to 37 million. 2871: 2398: 7206: 3040:

only one of many estimates published by the UN; in 2009, UN population projections for 2050 ranged between around 8 billion and 10.5 billion. An alternative scenario is given by the statistician Jorgen Randers, who argues that traditional projections insufficiently take into account the downward impact of global urbanization on fertility. Randers' "most likely scenario" reveals a peak in the world population in the early 2040s at about 8.1 billion people, followed by decline. Adrian Raftery, a

3052: 135: 2946: 1516: 1993: 1415: 1405: 36: 2811: 2751: 1644: 1388: 12734: 2123: 2841: 2425: 6850: 15926: 14125: 13308: 2019: 2691: 2342: 1789: 626: 2045: 2901: 2370: 2315: 1673: 2097: 2661: 1702: 2506: 1731: 1221: 15137: 2781: 2452: 2175: 6190: 3133: 3105: 1910: 1099: 2533: 2479: 1847: 1250: 1238: 379: 2071: 1360: 1348: 2149: 1306: 1296: 15937: 249:, in 1682, estimated the world population at 320 million (current estimates ranging close to twice this number); by the late 18th century, estimates ranged close to one billion (consistent with current estimates). More refined estimates, broken down by continents, were published in the first half of the 19th century, at 600 million to 1 billion in the early 1800s and 800 million to 1 billion in the 1840s. 1760: 1334: 1818: 1278: 1967: 1193: 1181: 2721: 2631: 2560: 1586: 1166: 6254:, are declining rapidly, as the nations of the world progress through the stages of the demographic transition, but both vary greatly between developed countries (where birth rates and mortality rates are often low) and developing countries (where birth and mortality rates typically remain high). Different ethnicities also display varying birth rates. Birth rate and mortality rates can change rapidly due to 14114: 13296: 12580: 7096:(and, by extension, the world population) predictably grows and shrinks according to available food supply, growing during an abundance of food and shrinking in times of scarcity. This idea may run counter to the popular thinking that, as population grows, food supply must also be increased to support the growing population; instead, the claim here is that growing population is the 7792:"ven recent demographic data is accurate only from 3 to 5%, although in demography traditionally more digits are indicated than those having a meaning. This is partially due to the ethical difficulty in rounding off numbers that supposedly represent real people, officially counted during a census". Sergei P. Kapitza, "The phenomenological theory of world population growth", 177:, with increases of over 1.8% per year, occurred between 1955 and 1975, peaking at 2.1% between 1965 and 1970. The growth rate declined to 1.1% between 2015 and 2020 and is projected to decline further in the 21st century. The global population is still increasing, but there is significant uncertainty about its long-term trajectory due to changing 7725:"The population of the world, which Sir W. P. in 1682, stated at only 320 millions, has been estimated by some writers at about 730 million, by others, at upwards of 900 million; Mr. Wallace, of Edinburgh, conjectured it might amount to 1 billion, and this number has since generally been adopted who have noticed the subject;" 415:. Improved material conditions led to the population of Britain increasing from 10 million to 40 million in the 19th century. The population of the United Kingdom reached 60 million in 2006. The United States saw its population grow from around 5.3 million in 1800 to 106 million in 1920, exceeding 307 million in 2010. 2961:

Population size fluctuates at differing rates in differing regions. Nonetheless, population growth has been the long-standing trend on all inhabited continents, as well as in most individual states. During the 20th century, the global population saw its greatest increase in known history, rising from

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The UN estimated that the world population reached one billion for the first time in 1804. It was another 123 years before it reached two billion in 1927, but it took only 33 years to reach three billion in 1960. Thereafter, it took 14 years for the global population to reach four billion in 1974, 13

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Estimates of the population of the world at the time agriculture emerged in around 10,000 BC have ranged between 1 million and 15 million. Even earlier, genetic evidence suggests humans may have gone through a population bottleneck of between 1,000 and 10,000 people about 70,000 BC, according to

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fluctuate in accordance with the amount of available food. The world human population began consistently and sharply to rise, and continues to do so, after sedentary agricultural lifestyles became common due to the Neolithic Revolution and its increased food supply. This was, subsequent to the Green

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often specifically provided as examples of such agricultural breakthroughs. Furthermore, certain scientific studies do lend evidence to food availability in particular being the dominant factor within a more recent timeframe. Other studies take it as a basic model from which to make broad population

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puts the figure at 117 billion as of 2020, estimating that the current world population is 6.7% of all the humans who have ever lived. Haub (1995) prepared another figure, updated in 2002 and 2011; the 2011 figure was approximately 107 billion. Haub characterized this figure as an estimate

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with an infinite population in 2025. The hyperbolic growth of the world population observed until the 1970s was later correlated to a non-linear second-order positive feedback between demographic growth and technological development. This feedback can be described as follows: technological advance →

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population projections for the year 2150 range between 3.2 and 24.8 billion. One of many independent mathematical models supports the lower estimate, while a 2014 estimate forecasts between 9.3 and 12.6 billion in 2100, and continued growth thereafter. The 2019 Revision of the UN estimates

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Long-term global population growth is difficult to predict. The United Nations and the US Census Bureau both give different estimates – according to the UN, the world population reached seven billion in late 2011, while the USCB asserted that this occurred in March 2012. Since 1951 the UN has issued

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are permanently inhabited on a large scale. Asia is the most populous continent, with its 4.64 billion inhabitants accounting for 60% of the world population. The world's two most populated countries, India and China, together constitute about 36% of the world's population. Africa is the second

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In 2019, the United Nations reported that the rate of population growth continues to decline due to the ongoing global demographic transition. If this trend continues, the rate of growth may diminish to zero by 2100, concurrent with a world population plateau of 10.9 billion. However, this is

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variables. Long-range predictions to 2150 range from a population decline to 3.2 billion in the "low scenario", to "high scenarios" of 24.8 billion. One extreme scenario predicted a massive increase to 256 billion by 2150, assuming the global fertility rate remained at its 1995 level

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have experienced extremely rapid population growth since the early 20th century, due to economic development and improvements in public health. China's population rose from approximately 430 million in 1850 to 580 million in 1953, and now stands at over 1.3 billion. The population of the

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in 1368, China's population was reported to be close to 60 million; toward the end of the dynasty in 1644, it may have approached 150 million. England's population reached an estimated 5.6 million in 1650, up from an estimated 2.6 million in 1500. New crops that were brought to Asia

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of land for people → demographic growth → more people → more potential inventors → acceleration of technological advance → accelerating growth of the carrying capacity → faster population growth → accelerating growth of the number of potential inventors → faster technological advance → hence, the

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The total number of births globally is currently (2015–2020) 140 million/year, which is projected to peak during the period 2040–2045 at 141 million/year and then decline slowly to 126 million/year by 2100. The total number of deaths is currently 57 million/year and is projected to

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Regardless of criticisms against the theory that population is a function of food availability, the human population is, on the global scale, undeniably increasing, as is the net quantity of human food produced—a pattern that has been true for roughly 10,000 years, since the human development of

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was 19.1/1,000. By the period 2015–20 both numbers had dropped significantly to 18.5/1,000 for the crude birth rate and 7.5/1,000 for the crude death rate. UN projections for 2100 show a further decline in the crude birth rate to 11.6/1,000 and an increase in the crude death rate to

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However, this rapid growth did not last. During the period 2000–2005, the United Nations estimates that the world's population was growing at an annual rate of 1.3% (equivalent to around 80 million people), down from a peak of 2.1% during the period 1965–1970. Globally, although the population

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and other disasters which caused large-scale population losses (approximately 60 million excess deaths). After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia's population declined significantly – from 150 million in 1991 to 143 million in 2012 – but by 2013 this decline appeared to have halted.

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Criticism of this theory can come from multiple angles, for example by demonstrating that human population is not solely an effect of food availability, but that the situation is more complex. For instance, other relevant factors that can increase or limit human population include fresh water

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The total number of births globally is currently (2015–20) 140 million/year, is projected to peak during the period 2040–45 at 141 million/year and thereafter decline slowly to 126 million/year by 2100. The total number of deaths is currently 57 million/year and is projected to grow

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population of the Americas is uncertain; historian David Henige called it "the most unanswerable question in the world." By the end of the 20th century, scholarly consensus favored an estimate of roughly 55 million people, but numbers from various sources have ranged from 10 million to

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There is no estimation for the exact day or month the world's population surpassed one or two billion. The points at which it reached three and four billion were not officially noted, but the International Database of the United States Census Bureau placed them in July 1959 and April 1974

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According to the UN, the global population reached eight billion in November 2022, but because the growth rate is slowing, it will take another 15 years to reach around 9 billion by 2037 and 20 years to reach 10 billion by 2057. Alternative scenarios for 2050 range from a low of

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of food to poorer populations, so that, according to Hopfenberg and Pimentel's 2001 research, "it is through exports from food-rich to food-poor areas... that the population growth in these food-poor areas is further fueled. Their study thus suggests that human population growth is an

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rates are another critical factor for such an estimate; these rates are very difficult to estimate for ancient times due to a lack of accurate records. Haub (1995) estimates that around 40% of those who have ever lived did not survive beyond their first birthday. Haub also stated that

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is approximately 1.01 males to 1 female. Approximately 24.7% of the global population is aged under 15, while 65.2% is aged 15–64 and 10.1% is aged 65 or over. The median age of the world's population is estimated to be 31 years in 2020, and is expected to rise to 37.9 years by 2050.

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with food moving across national borders from areas of abundance to areas of scarcity. Hopfenberg and Pimentel's 2001 findings support both this and Daniel Quinn's direct accusation, in the early 2010s, that "First World farmers are fueling the Third World population explosion".

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years to reach five billion in 1987, 12 years to reach six billion in 1999 and, according to the United States Census Bureau, 13 years to reach seven billion in March 2012. The United Nations, however, estimated that the world population reached seven billion in October 2011.

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multiple projections of future world population, based on different assumptions. From 2000 to 2005, the UN consistently revised these projections downward, until the 2006 revision, issued on 14 March 2007, revised the 2050 mid-range estimate upwards by 273 million.

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Fanta, V., Šálek, M., Zouhar, J., Sklenicka, P., & Storch, D. (2018). Equilibrium dynamics of European pre-industrial populations: the evidence of carrying capacity in human agricultural societies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 285(1871),

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decreased from 74.5% in 1730–1749 to 31.8% in 1810–1829. Between 1700 and 1900, Europe's population increased from about 100 million to over 400 million. Altogether, the areas populated by people of European descent comprised 36% of the world's population in 1900.

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was estimated at 2.44 children per woman. In June 2012, British researchers calculated the total weight of Earth's human population as approximately 287 million tonnes (630 billion pounds), with the average person weighing around 62 kilograms (137 lb).

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caused Europe's population to drop by around 50% between the 6th and 8th centuries AD. The population of Europe was more than 70 million in 1340. From 1340 to 1400, the world's population fell from an estimated 443 million to 350–375 million, with the

788:(280M). More than three billion people speak an Indo-European language, which is the largest language family by number of speakers. Standard Arabic is a language with no native speakers, but the total number of speakers is estimated at 274 million people. 11553: 10684: 834:

regions are home to around 653 million (8%). Northern America, primarily consisting of the United States and Canada, has a population of around 368 million (5%), and Oceania, the least populated region, has about 42 million inhabitants (0.5%).

10274: 6846:, each doubling took roughly half as long as the previous doubling, fitting the hyperbolic growth model mentioned above. However, after 2024, it is unlikely that there will be another doubling of the global population in the 21st century. 382:

Map showing urban areas with at least one million inhabitants in 2006. Only 3% of the world's population lived in urban areas in 1800; this proportion had risen to 47% by 2000, and reached 50.5% by 2010. By 2050, the proportion may reach

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2012 United Nations projections show a continued increase in population in the near future with a steady decline in population growth rate; the global population is expected to reach between 8.3 and 10.9 billion by 2050. 2003

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professor of statistics and of sociology, states that "there's a 70 percent probability the world population will not stabilize this century. Population, which had sort of fallen off the world's agenda, remains a very important issue."

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availability, arable land availability, energy consumed per person, heat removal, forest products, and various nonrenewable resources like fertilizers. Another criticism is that, in the modern era, birth rates are lowest in the

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and Europe from the Americas by Portuguese and Spanish colonists in the 16th century are believed to have contributed to population growth. Since their introduction to Africa by Portuguese traders in the 16th century, maize and

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Scientists generally acknowledge that at least one significant factor contributing to population growth (or overpopulation) is that as agriculture advances in creating more food, the population consequently increases—the

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the global population was projected to peak in 2064 at 9.73 billion people and decline to 8.79 billion in 2100. Some analysts have questioned the sustainability of further world population growth, highlighting the

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probably averaged only about ten years for most of human history", which is not to be mistaken for the life expectancy after reaching adulthood. The latter equally depended on period, location and social standing, but

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The following table gives estimates, in millions, of population in the past. The data for 1750 to 1900 are from the UN report "The World at Six Billion" whereas the data from 1950 to 2015 are from a UN data sheet.

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respectively. The United Nations did determine, and commemorate, the "Day of 5 Billion" on 11 July 1987, and the "Day of 6 Billion" on 12 October 1999. The Population Division of the United Nations declared the "

7044:. Such estimates can only be rough approximations, as even modern population estimates are subject to uncertainty of around 3% to 5%. Kapitsa (1996) cites estimates ranging between 80 and 150 billion. The 14888: 14733: 8895: 7915: 14846: 14641: 10263: 12086: 11208:

Gerland, P.; Raftery, A. E.; Ev Ikova, H.; Li, N.; Gu, D.; Spoorenberg, T.; Alkema, L.; Fosdick, B. K.; Chunn, J.; Lalic, N.; Bay, G.; Buettner, T.; Heilig, G. K.; Wilmoth, J. (14 September 2014).

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7.4 billion to a high of more than 10.6 billion. Projected figures vary depending on underlying statistical assumptions and the variables used in projection calculations, especially the

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The tables below list the world's most densely populated countries, both in absolute terms and in comparison to their total populations, as of November 2022. All areas and populations are from

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Driving these threats are the growing human population, which has doubled since 1970 to 7.6 billion, and consumption. (Per capita of use of materials is up 15% over the past 5 decades.)

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Robust population data only exist for the last two or three centuries. Until the late 18th century, few governments had ever performed an accurate census. In many early attempts, such as in

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most populated continent, with around 1.34 billion people, or 17% of the world's population. Europe's 747 million people make up 10% of the world's population as of 2020,while the

8544: 298:; it took 200 years for European population figures to recover. The population of China decreased from 123 million in 1200 to 65 million in 1393, presumably from a combination of 14298: 13648: 13357: 12045:

Bystroff, Chistopher (2021). "Footprints to singularity: A global population model explains late 20th century slow-down and predicts peak within ten years". PLoS ONE 16(5): e0247214.

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is the total number of humans currently alive. It was estimated by the United Nations to have exceeded eight billion in mid-November 2022. It took around 300,000 years of human

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faster growth of the Earth's carrying capacity for people, and so on. The transition from hyperbolic growth to slower rates of growth is related to the demographic transition.

3067: 11655: 9587: 10358: 10108: 9296: 14227: 11487: 9943: 443:, which was about 125 million in 1750, increased to 389 million in 1941; today, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh are collectively home to about 1.63 billion people. 14718: 10739: 8741: 14370: 14169: 11186: 7312: 6295:

gives the "medium variant" population as; nearly 8.6 billion in 2030, about 9.7 billion in 2050 and about 10.9 billion in 2100. In December 2019, the

9665: 9014: 8658: 6827: 14748: 14708: 14463: 8885: 7327: 2253: 347: 7716:"world population" becomes common from c. the 1930s, adapted from early 20th-century "world's population"; pre-20th century authors use "population of the world". 7189:

agriculture. The fact that some affluent countries demonstrate negative population growth fails to discredit the theory as a whole, since the world has become a

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Bocquet-Appel, Jean-Pierre (2011). "When the world's population took off: the springboard of the Neolithic Demographic Transition". Science, 333(6042), 560–561.

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2015 map showing average life expectancy by country in years. In 2015, the World Health Organization estimated the average global life expectancy as 71.4 years.

13350: 13200: 7153: 321:. From 200 to 400, the world population fell from an estimated 257 million to 206 million, with China suffering the greatest loss. At the founding of the 11331: 7907: 7185:

in which food availability creates a growing population, which then causes the misimpression that food production must be consequently expanded even further.

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The table below shows historical and predicted regional population figures in millions. The availability of historical population figures varies by region.

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It is difficult for estimates to be better than rough approximations, as even current population estimates are fraught with uncertainties from 3% to 5%.

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was recorded as 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households, decreasing to 47,566,772 individuals in 9,348,227 households by AD 146, towards the

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estimates that that the number of people who have ever lived will rise to 121 billion by 2050, 4 billion more than their 2021 estimate.

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projected that the global population will reach 8 billion by 2023 as it increases by 156 every minute. In a modeled future projection by the

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https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_Population/WPP2019_POP_F01_1_TOTAL_POPULATION_BOTH_SEXES.xlsx

14703: 14288: 370:. Over the centuries, the Europeans had developed high degrees of immunity to these diseases, while the indigenous peoples had no such immunity. 12350: 8628: 14851: 14805: 14323: 14318: 14272: 14255: 13561: 13556: 13529: 8492: 8363:

Snow, D. R (16 June 1995). "Microchronology and Demographic Evidence Relating to the Size of Pre-Columbian North American Indian Populations".

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that required "selecting population sizes for different points from antiquity to the present and applying assumed birth rates to each period".

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kept consistent family registers to properly assess the poll taxes and labor service duties of each household. In that year, the population of

8141: 14723: 14606: 14572: 14562: 14468: 8540: 6842:, the world population has doubled, or will double, in the years listed in the tables below (with two different starting points). During the 2962:

about 1.6 billion in 1900 to over 6 billion in 2000 as the whole world entered the early phases of what has come to be called the "

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Current world population and latest projection according the UN. Population in (millions) and percent of the global population in that year.

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are the world's largest single ethnic group, constituting over 19% of the global population in 2011. The world's most-spoken languages are

10911: 9616:. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. 10 November 2010. Archived from 14930: 14925: 14489: 13536: 13509: 13482: 13457: 13225: 9720: 7885: 7750: 7508:, Selected Papers. Vol. 4. pp. 1–13. Original paper in French:(b) Jean-Noël Biraben (1979)."Essai sur l'évolution du nombre des hommes". 7317: 6300: 853:

of the world in continental groupings in 2023. The left and right sides of the vertical axis represent different sexes (male and female).

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at US$ 94.94 trillion, giving an annual global per capita figure of around US$ 12,290. Around 9.3% of the world population live in

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Van Den Bergh, Jeroen, & Rietveld, Piet (2004). "Reconsidering the limits to world population: meta-analysis and meta-prediction".

9659:"World Health Statistics 2016: Monitoring health for the SDGs Annex B: tables of health statistics by country, WHO region and globally" 8518: 8453: 12468: 10372: 8337: 8163: 7092:

Individuals from a wide range of academic fields and political backgrounds have proposed that, like all other animal populations, any

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Approximately 4.6 billion people live in these ten countries, representing around 57% of the world's population as of July 2023.

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Ralph Thomlinson, 1975, Demographic Problems: Controversy over population control, 2nd Ed., Dickenson Publishing Company, Ecino, CA,

10889: 9052: 14868: 14582: 14529: 14473: 14445: 14303: 14267: 14250: 14138: 14133: 13853: 13477: 13170: 12861: 11649: 9591: 7343: 6839: 5178: 3012: 926: 228: 12021: 11689: 10833: 9613: 2991: 15110: 14940: 14656: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14425: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14405: 14400: 14395: 14390: 14385: 14344: 14235: 14128: 13472: 9481: 9288: 9234: 7580: 7322: 11129: 7108:, behavioral scientist Russell Hopfenberg (the former two publishing a study on the topic in 2001), anthropologist and activist 15130: 14950: 14945: 14828: 13858: 10138: 9877: 7395: 6296: 12488:

Salmony, Steven E. (2006). "The Human Population: Accepting Species Limits". Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(1), A 17.

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Most human populations throughout history validate this theory, as does the overall current global population. Populations of

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is 73.3 years as of 2020, with women living an average of 75.9 years and men approximately 70.8 years. In 2010, the global

730: 10300: 9658: 9641: 6255: 15478: 14519: 13821: 13467: 13452: 13230: 10984: 9022: 8650: 7156:, where framing human population growth as negatively impacting the natural environment became regarded as "anti-human". 49: 342:

100 million. Encounters between European explorers and populations in the rest of the world often introduced local

15819: 15719: 14795: 14636: 14616: 13918: 13732: 13722: 13643: 13566: 13300: 12662: 12652: 11471: 11401: 9803: 8917: 8830: 8771: 6291: 3083: 761:. As of January 2024, there were about 5 billion global Internet users, constituting 66% of the world population. 10517: 9265: 1526: 15572: 15463: 15324: 14915: 14743: 14728: 14143: 13752: 13737: 13571: 13519: 13122: 12701: 12274:"Increases of population and expansion of rice agriculture in Asia, and anthropogenic methane emissions since 5000BP" 12132: 11575: 10961: 9508: 7837: 7450:

as a country. Area for the purposes of these calculations is that claimed, not controlled, by the State of Palestine.

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is here defined to include the northernmost countries and territories of North America: Canada, the United States,

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Population density (people per km) map of the world in 2020. Red areas denote regions of highest population density

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https://web.archive.org/web/20160205063346/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbilpart1.pdf

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Henderson, Kirsten, & Loreau, Michel (2019). "An ecological theory of changing human population dynamics".

12371:. Euroscience: "When agriculture advances, and it becomes easier to feed the population, it continues to grow." 12215: 9176: 8707: 8119:

Nishijima, Sadao (1986), "The economic and social history of Former Han", in Twitchett, Denis; Loewe, Michael,

6211: 275:. By contrast, it is estimated that around 50–60 million people lived in the combined eastern and western 11805: 15978: 15500: 14666: 14313: 13804: 13742: 12384: 11671: 11273: 10169: 9693: 9145: 7348: 166: 11870: 11668:"A Compact Mathematical Model of the World System Economic and Demographic Growth, 1 CE – 1973 CE" 11524: 10808: 9205: 7620: 15201: 14905: 14900: 13400: 12584: 10854: 10713: 10649: 9912: 8223: 84: 13953: 12400:

Cohen, Joel E. (1995). Population growth and earth's human carrying capacity. Science, 269(5222), 341–346.

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Complicating the UN's and others' attempts to project future populations is the fact that average global

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Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat

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Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat

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Historic chart showing the periods of time the world population has taken to double, from 1700 to 2000

15968: 15339: 15302: 14217: 14041: 13993: 13888: 13781: 13665: 13027: 12851: 10589: 10191: 9424: 9079: 7463:

as a country. Area for the purposes of these calculations is that controlled, not claimed, by Taiwan.

7220: 7074: 6151: 3033: 2023: 1678: 816: 726: 620: 143: 13948: 12312: 9573: 3145: 3117: 1922: 1111: 15560: 15238: 15181: 15140: 14046: 14001: 13903: 13628: 13444: 13032: 12821: 12533: 8133: 7069: 3041: 2049: 1707: 1310: 346:

of extraordinary virulence. According to the most extreme scholarly claims, as many as 90% of the

15864: 15416: 15260: 15208: 15068: 15012: 14873: 14785: 14685: 14093: 14031: 13434: 12974: 11151: 10876: 10544: 10133: 9112: 9075: 8793: 8681: 8091: 7491: 7426: 6200: 3021: 2101: 1736: 272: 12642: 8425: 8041: 6706:, the world population grew between 67,000 BC and 1965 according to the following formula: 2267: 1876:

The UN estimates that by 2023 India will have overtaken China in having the largest population.

197:

predict that the human population will begin to decline in the second half of the 21st century.

193:

of 10–12 billion by the end of the 21st century, with a growth rate by then of zero. Other

15929: 15804: 15446: 15436: 15319: 15255: 15186: 15171: 15096: 14339: 14189: 14036: 13863: 13143: 13101: 13096: 12979: 12856: 12691: 10743: 10037: 7332: 7240: 7035: 2963: 2179: 2153: 2075: 1852: 1823: 1765: 1522:

showing the distribution of the world population, each square represents half a million people.

318: 14154: 11063: 9966: 9379: 8859: 8313: 8064: 7747: 7730: 1541: 70: 15744: 15582: 15314: 15243: 14838: 13419: 13210: 13074: 12913: 12784: 12630: 12206: 11081: 10960:

An approximation based on figures from different sources as listed at the US Census Bureau's

10910:

An approximation based on figures from different sources as listed at the US Census Bureau's

10233: 8820: 8476: 8449: 8278: 7855: 7807: 7777: 7762: 7667: 7646: 7370: 6686: 1971: 1945: 1620: 1591: 599:

of 3.04 children per woman; however, by 2010 the global fertility rate had declined to 2.52.

392: 158:

for the human population to reach a billion and only 218 years more to reach 8 billion.

56: 12364: 10136:[Economy continues to recover in 2023, high-quality development progress steadily]. 8514: 7619: 101: 15869: 15774: 15587: 15555: 15545: 15530: 15431: 15426: 15369: 14021: 13789: 13429: 13395: 13385: 13240: 13195: 13163: 13158: 13084: 13059: 13015: 12631:

We Do Not Know the Population of Every Country in the World for the Past Two Thousand Years

12324: 12285: 11882: 11763: 11701: 11632: 11603:"Peak global population and other key findings from the 2024 UN World Population Prospects" 11418: 11221: 10195: 9774: 8415: 8374: 8341: 8227: 7553: 7260: 7140: 6812: 4441: 604: 261: 178: 12675: 10881: 8193: 7688: 1364: 8: 15406: 15396: 15391: 15374: 15265: 15248: 15161: 14895: 14083: 14076: 14016: 13913: 13908: 13583: 13311: 13089: 12920: 12871: 12814: 11602: 11100:"World Population Prospects, the 2012 Revision – "Low variant" and "High variant" values" 9380:"World Population Prospects 2019, Total Population – Both Sexes file, Medium Variant tab" 9044: 8890: 8137: 7285: 7129: 2940: 1558: 839:

only has a very small, fluctuating population of about 1200 people based mainly in polar

746: 440: 288: 283: 265: 190: 15649: 12328: 12289: 11886: 11767: 11705: 11636: 11422: 11225: 10325: 10109:"Spotlight on family planning as India surpasses China as world's most populous country" 8378: 8338:"U.S. News & World Report: How many people were here before Columbus? Pick a number" 1545:

1901 to 2021 population graph of the five countries with the highest current populations

15714: 15540: 15488: 15451: 15196: 14626: 14455: 14098: 14056: 14051: 14011: 13963: 13727: 13623: 13499: 13215: 13153: 12941: 12930: 12908: 12903: 12892: 12680: 12432:

GJ Armelagos, AH Goodman, KH Jacobs Population and environment – 1991 link.springer.com

11894: 11787: 11725: 11717: 11442: 11250: 11209: 11040: 11007: 10943: 9825: 9617: 9561: 9473: 9230: 8964: 8956: 8568:

Population crises and cycles in history – A review by Claire Russell and W.M.S. Russell

8418: 8398: 8003: 7995: 7280: 7109: 6179: 3058: 3029: 2995: 2966:". Some of the key factors contributing to this increase included the lessening of the 2375: 2260: 1534: 1197: 877: 850: 11125: 11023: 9894: 7494:. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2022. 3001: 399:

of children increased dramatically. The percentage of the children born in London who

15902: 15769: 15654: 15535: 15441: 15307: 15213: 15048: 13973: 13848: 13794: 13593: 13578: 13190: 13064: 12957: 12866: 12638: 12616: 12553: 12515: 12211: 12128: 12069: 11898: 11779: 11721: 11467: 11446: 11434: 11393: 11363: 11332:"World population in 2100 could be 2 billion below UN forecasts, study suggests" 11255: 11237: 11045: 11027: 10778: 10569: 10563: 8968: 8865: 8826: 8687: 8604: 8482: 8429: 8390: 8365: 8317: 8306: 8254: 8251:

Vindaloo: the Portuguese and the chilli pepper. Curry: A Tale of Cooks and Conquerors

8097: 8070: 8007: 7987: 7833: 7813: 7611: 7572: 7290: 7245: 7182: 7165: 7057: 6695: 6690: 4435: 3074: 2987: 2954: 2932: 343: 338: 162: 11713: 11430: 10388: 9871: 9721:"General debate on national experience in population matters: adolescents and youth" 8861:

Accounting for War: Soviet Production, Employment, and the Defence Burden, 1940–1945

8121:

Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C. – A.D. 220

6769:{\displaystyle N={\frac {C}{\tau }}\operatorname {arccot} {\frac {T_{0}-T}{\tau }},} 15809: 15789: 15704: 15629: 15458: 15228: 15056: 14969: 13928: 13923: 13898: 13697: 13670: 13266: 13261: 13047: 13042: 12925: 12489: 12340: 12332: 12293: 12046: 11915:

Note: text of paper publication slightly different from text of on-line publication

11890: 11791: 11771: 11709: 11663: 11426: 11245: 11229: 11035: 11019: 10935: 9850: 8948: 8402: 8382: 8282: 7979: 7713: 7365: 7295: 7275: 7173: 7144: 7093: 7064: 3017: 2975: 791:

The largest religious categories in the world as of 2020 are estimated as follows:

781: 773: 769: 435: 407:

Population growth in the Western world became more rapid after the introduction of

400: 242: 13335: 12801: 12336: 11103: 10487: 10469: 8386: 3141: 3113: 1918: 1107: 92:

https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/worldpop/table_population.php

15941: 15892: 15824: 15799: 15764: 15679: 15550: 15468: 15386: 15295: 15223: 15176: 15052: 14780: 14539: 14061: 13978: 13958: 13938: 13838: 13687: 13276: 13037: 12297: 12167: 12145: 12095: 12050: 11675: 11659: 11623:

Sebastien von Hoerner (1975). "Population Explosion and Interstellar Expansion".

11461: 11397: 10968: 10918: 10636: 9881: 9645: 9141: 7961: 7959: 7769: 7754: 7434: 7250: 7160: 7121: 7053: 1496: 1287: 785: 750: 718: 608: 396: 11008:"Race, Ethnicity, and the Changing Context of Childbearing in the United States" 10926:(1993). "Population Growth and Technological Change: One Million B.C. to 1990". 8600: 8572: 7205: 7040:

The total number of humans who have ever lived is estimated to be approximately

15794: 15659: 15634: 15505: 15351: 15290: 15145: 15060: 14088: 13983: 13883: 13811: 13598: 13281: 12510: 11310: 10980: 10923: 9638: 7113: 6843: 6703: 6312:

UN (medium variant – 2019 revision) and US Census Bureau (June 2015) estimates

6278: 6263: 6251: 2967: 2816: 827: 734: 595: 419: 182: 12737: 12469:

Nel 2050 gli italiani saranno 20 milioni meno secondo l'Onu [Translation:

12228: 12171: 11748: 9752: 8952: 8939:

Schran, Peter (1978). "China's demographic evolution 1850–1953 reconsidered".

8679: 8089: 7956: 1515: 15962: 15907: 15859: 15854: 15849: 15844: 15829: 15739: 15709: 15669: 15577: 15344: 15218: 15119: 15072: 14071: 14026: 14006: 13828: 13603: 13020: 12969: 12779: 11822:

Sergei P. Kapitza, "The phenomenological theory of world population growth",

11241: 11031: 10775:

Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set: A Treatise in Population

10082: 9851:"Poverty headcount ratio at $ 1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) | Data" 9799: 8683:

Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set: A Treatise in Population

8541:"By 2050, 70% of the world's population will be urban. Is that a good thing?" 8416:

Arthur C. Aufderheide; Conrado Rodríguez-Martín & Odin Langsjoen (1998).

8093:

Demography: Analysis and Synthesis, Four Volume Set: A Treatise in Population

7991: 7615: 7558:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division

7255: 7230: 7190: 6267: 2953:

between 1950 and 2050, according to the United Nations. The vertical axis is

1992: 1414: 1404: 1393: 1254: 1001: 975: 758: 310: 299: 246: 232: 155: 134: 12780:

HiveGroup.com – World population statistics presented in a treemap interface

11233: 9614:"World Population Prospects, the 2008 Revision – Frequently Asked Questions" 9257: 8763: 8596:

Health, Wealth and Population in the Early Days of the Industrial Revolution

245:. Early estimates for the population of the world date to the 17th century: 15887: 15814: 15784: 15729: 15639: 15411: 13764: 13759: 13747: 13707: 13692: 13380: 13069: 12531:

Quinn, Daniel: "The Question (ID Number 122)". Retrieved October 2014 from

12505: 11902: 11438: 11259: 11179:"World population to hit 12bn in 2100 – with 70% chance of continuous rise" 11049: 10521: 10071:. New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2022. 9548:. New York: United Nations: Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 2003 9432:

World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision Volume III: Analytical Report

8394: 7225: 7211: 7125: 6259: 792: 754: 423: 322: 276: 12589: 11783: 11126:"World population projected to reach 9.6 billion by 2050 – UN report" 9497: 7554:"World Population Prospects, Standard Projections, Archive, 2019 Revision" 1352: 15897: 15779: 15734: 15724: 15674: 15664: 15614: 15421: 15076: 15036: 14354: 13878: 13833: 13702: 13675: 12952: 11933: 11152:"A model predicts that the world's populations will stop growing in 2050" 7526: 7132: 6094:

Using the above figures, the change in population from 2010 to 2015 was:

2846: 2756: 2430: 765: 408: 331: 314: 306: 292: 170: 12493: 11459: 10773:

Caselli, Graziella; Gillaume Wunsch; Jacques Vallin (20 December 2005).

9913:"Number of internet and social media users worldwide as of January 2024" 8594: 7124:, environmental biologist Alan D. Thornhill, cultural critic and writer 6273:

The UN's first report in 1951 showed that during the period 1950–55 the

2974:, and a massive increase in agricultural productivity attributed to the 2945: 330:

have similarly replaced traditional African crops as the most important

85:

https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbillion.htm

15839: 15834: 15699: 15624: 15483: 15401: 15381: 15040: 14598: 13943: 13327: 12837: 10947: 7999: 7967: 7117: 7101: 6274: 6247: 6214: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4445: 3028:

In fact, during the 2010s, Japan and some countries in Europe began to

2696: 2347: 2122: 1530: 1491: 1471: 836: 800: 412: 208: 194: 189:

projects between 9 and 10 billion people by 2050 and gives an 80%

151: 12767: 12345: 11576:"World Population – Total Midyear Population for the World: 1950–2050" 11523:. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 187–331. 10590:"UN population estimates and projections, database query, August 2009" 10326:"World Population Day: India will overtake China in 2023, says the UN" 9533: 9531: 8960: 7087: 6849: 4837:

World historical and predicted populations by percentage distribution

3140:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

3112:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

1917:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

1106:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

138:

High, medium, and low projections of the future human world population

15510: 15334: 15233: 15064: 15032: 15024: 14066: 13712: 13007: 12272:

Li, Xiaoqiang; Dodson, John; Zhou, Jie; Zhou, Xinying (1 June 2009).

10630:

World population to keep growing this century, hit 11 billion by 2100

10545:"Two centuries of rapid global population growth will come to an end" 9639:"World population to reach 8 billion this year, as growth rate slows" 7774:

Considerations Respecting the Recognition of Friends in Another World

7504:

Jean-Noël Biraben (1980), "An Essay Concerning Mankind's Evolution".

7413: 7100:

of a growing food supply. Notable proponents of this notion include:

6159: 6143: 2950: 2906: 2320: 2018: 1519: 1459: 1448: 831: 822: 625: 591: 448: 367: 355: 351: 238: 14981: 12174:(Interview). Interviewed by Sally Erickson and Timothy Scott Bennett 11747:

Lutz, Wolfgang; Sanderson, Warren; Scherbov, Sergei (19 June 1997).

10939: 10772: 10413: 10375:, where it states that the figures are for 1 July of the given year. 8134:"Qing China's Internal Crisis: Land Shortage, Famine, Rural Poverty" 7983: 7604:"Long Slide Looms for World Population, With Sweeping Ramifications" 6189: 607:" to be 31 October 2011. The United Nations marked the birth of the 15044: 14349: 13079: 13002: 12963: 12796: 12698:

episode on world population. 20 April 2004. Retrieved 19 July 2013.

11359:"Landmark analysis documents the alarming global decline of nature" 10161: 9528: 7270: 7265: 2666: 2044: 804: 359: 295: 12246:

Gilland, Bernard (2006). "Population, nutrition and agriculture".

12172:"Richard Manning on the Green Revolution and the End of Cheap Oil" 11775: 11667: 10879:, though this theory has been criticized by some scientists. See: 9076:"From Traitors to Heroes: 100 Years of Mexican Migration Policies" 13893: 13843: 12471:

In 2050 the Italians will be 20 million less, according to the UN

7354:

List of sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate

6147: 3073:

Estimated world population figures, 10,000 BC – AD 2000 (in

2786: 2511: 2457: 2096: 1226: 466:

World population milestones in billions (Worldometers estimates)

378: 363: 327: 15088: 14801:

Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies

11881:(3). Scientific American, Inc. (published September 2007): 126. 9411:. Vol. III. United Nations Population Division. p. 171 8680:

Graziella Caselli; Gillaume Wunsch & Jacques Vallin (2005).

8090:

Graziella Caselli; Gillaume Wunsch & Jacques Vallin (2005).

15936: 14695: 14184: 13717: 12984: 11666:

et al. For a rigorous mathematical analysis of this issue, see

8478:

A pest in the land: new world epidemics in a global perspective

6518:

UN 2024 estimates and medium variant projections (in millions)

2876: 2538: 2484: 2403: 2174: 2148: 2070: 1464: 1359: 1347: 1339: 1305: 1295: 1283: 427: 237:

Estimates of world population by their nature are an aspect of

205: 12715:." Environment, development and sustainability 3 (2001): 1–15. 9352:"World set to reach 8 billion people on 15 November 2022" 9177:"World population to reach 8 billion on 15 November 2022" 1537:(people per square kilometre) by country or U.S. state in 2019 15028: 12806: 12313:"Discussing why population growth is still ignored or denied" 7878:"Plague, Plague Information, Black Death Facts, News, Photos" 7809:

Urban world history: an economic and geographical perspective

7149: 2726: 2636: 2565: 2233: 1966: 1940: 1249: 1242: 1237: 1192: 1185: 1180: 1171: 796: 777: 223:

Visual comparison of the world population in past and present

12087:"Human Carrying Capacity is Determined by Food Availability" 11518: 10470:"World Population Clock (under World Pop Milestone section)" 9895:"Literacy Rate, Adult Total (% of people ages 15 and above)" 8450:"The Story Of... Smallpox – and other Deadly Eurasian Germs" 8275:"Super-Sized Cassava Plants May Help Fight Hunger in Africa" 3005:

Map of countries by fertility rate (2020), according to the

291:

suffering the most tremendous loss and Europe suffering the

173:

in 1350, when it was nearly 370,000,000. The highest global

12738:

Why Most Humans Live Inside This Small Circle -RealLifeLore

12064: 12062: 12060: 12058: 8886:"Vladimir Putin vows to reverse Russian population decline" 7429:

limits the nature of national claims in Antarctica. Of the

7041: 6689:

proposed a formula for population growth which represented

753:, subsisting on less than US$ 1.9 per day; around 8.9% are 444: 71:

https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/

11460:

Peter P. Rogers; Kazi F. Jalal & John A. Boyd (2008).

10593: 8818: 8115: 8113: 7602:

Cave, Damien; Bubola, Emma; Sang-Hun, Choe (22 May 2021).

2990:

has been steadily declining from its peak in 1968, growth

57:

https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Mortality/

12595: 9872:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,

7908:"History of Europe – Demographic and agricultural growth" 7313:

List of countries by past and projected future population

4454:

World historical and predicted populations (in millions)

1863: 1834: 1805: 1776: 1747: 1718: 1689: 1660: 1631: 1602: 12055: 11690:"The phenomenological theory of world population growth" 11207: 11086: