235:, incidence varies a lot depending on where and what definition of bullying is used. There is up to one quarter or one third of academics who declare they have been bullied in the past year. This is considerably higher compared to other workplaces, with 10-14% workers declaring having experienced bullying in the past year in the United States, but less than in healthcare, where a studies in 17 Greek hospitals reported that half of the doctors and nurses reported they had experienced bullying. Around 40% say they have witnessed or heard about bullying behaviors happening to someone else. One of the largest studies of bullying in universities, surveying 14,000 higher-education staff over 92 institutions in the United Kingdom, found the rate of bullying varied widely across institutions, from 2% to 19% of the staff at each university reporting being always or often bullied.
268:, the most common forms of bullying included sexual misconduct, discrimination and violations of scientific standards. Approximately 50% of the PhD students interviewed, whose number was approximately a hundred, reported that they had experienced inappropriate behavior in terms of unreasonable workload, inability to ask critical questions, teasing, intimidation, social exclusion and not receiving credits for their work. Among international students, the most common experiences included sexism, racism and sexually inappropriate behavior. One of the identified reasons for the unreasonable workload and the unhealthy working conditions of PhD students include competition for research funds (primarily provided by the largest subsidizer, the
199:
positions, H-indices, and impact factors. A particularly troubling manifestation is 'ghost authoring,' where senior researchers take undue credit for work primarily done by junior staff. These cultures are fostered by short-term contracts, inadequate salaries for early-career researchers, competitive work environments, and relentless pressure to publish. The core issue is a hierarchical structure that grants substantial power to senior researchers, creating a cycle where junior researchers must endure harsh conditions to advance their careers.
692:"Dismissal and public demotion of professors: An empirical analysis of structural commonalities in apparently different 'cases' (translated from the German article "Entlassung und öffentliche Degradierung von Professorinnen. Eine empirische Analyse struktureller Gemeinsamkeiten anscheinend unterschiedlicher "Fälle"")"
118:, most of whom have not received the management training that could enable an effective response to such situations. There have been cases of tenured professors acting as perpetrators of academic bullying, leading to the dismissal of the perpetrators or of their targets. Victims include the increasing number of
242:
released the results of a survey taken among its 9,700 members. 51% of respondents said they had never been bullied, 16.7% that they had occasionally experienced it, and 6.7% that they were "always" or "often" subjected to bullying. The results varied by member institutions, with respondents from the
54:
Academic mobbing is a sophisticated form of bullying where academics gang up to diminish the intended victim through intimidation, unjustified accusations, humiliation, and general harassment. These behaviors are often invisible to others and difficult to prove. Victims of academic mobbing may suffer
129:
The generally decentralized nature of academic institutions can make it difficult for victims to seek recourse, and appeals to outside authority have been described as "the kiss of death." Therefore, academics who are subject to bullying in workplace are often cautious about reporting any problems.
50:
in some other contexts. Academia is highly competitive and has a well defined hierarchy, with junior staff being particularly vulnerable. Although most universities have policies on workplace bullying, individual campuses develop and implement their own protocols. This often leaves victims with no
194:
The bullying in this workplace has been described as somewhat more subtle than usual. Its recipients may be the target of unwanted physical contact, violence, obscene or loud language during meetings, be disparaged among their colleagues in venues they are not aware of, and face difficulties when
256:
commissioned a survey in 2005 and received 843 responses. Over 40% reported they had been bullied, with 33% reporting "unwanted physical contact" and 10% reporting physical violence; about 75% reported they were aware that co-workers had been bullied. The incidence rate found in this survey was
185:
proposed some strategies to address academic bullying including mobbing. While potentially helpful for trainee targets of academic bullying, some of these same strategies can be appropriated by administrators or regular faculty members to greatly expand the scope of an existing academic mobbing
198:
These workplaces constitute what is known as "toxic research culture," encompassing a range of harmful practices such as bullying, harassment, poor employment terms, inadequate diversity and inclusion practices, breaches of research integrity, and the relentless pursuit of higher league table
207:
The kinds of abusive behaviors in academic bullying cause serious and long-lasting effects on both the academic and personal lives of targets and their families. In addition, academic bullying behaviours can affect the progress of science. Victims of academic mobbing may suffer from stress,
77:
Bullying is the longstanding violence, physical or psychological, conducted by an individual or group and directed against an individual who is not able to defend himself in the actual situation, with a conscious desire to hurt, threaten, or frighten that individual or put him under stress.
310:
University bullying policies and processes are open to misuse, however, and the AAUP notes that faculty who dissent on academic governance issues or who complain about workplace inequities may become the target for retaliatory bullying complaints aimed to silence unpopular views.
137:
Although tenure and post-tenure review lead to interdepartmental evaluation, and all three culminate in an administrative decision, bullying is commonly a function of administrative input before or during the early stages of intradepartmental review. A series of publications in
325:
In a 2005 British study, around 35% of medical students reported having been bullied. Around one in four of the 1,000 students questioned said they had been bullied by a doctor, while one in six had been bullied by a nurse. Manifestations of bullying included:
113:
Several aspects of academia lend themselves to the practice and discourage its reporting and mitigation, due to concerns of possible damage to the reputation of the institution. Its leadership is usually drawn from the ranks of
277:
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found similar results to those reported by NOS op 3 with the conclusion of the latter being that "58% of PhD students had an increased risk of developing a psychiatric condition like
1912:
Krestelica, Dragana; Pugh, Llandis
Barratt (2009). "Do policies on bullying make a difference? Contrasting strategy regimes within higher education in Australia and Croatia".
354:
journal proposed a need for establishment of a global committee on academic behaviour ethics to consider academic bullying reports in a robust, fair, and unbiased manner.
153:
is endemic at universities because universities are a type of organization that encourages mobbing. Academic victims of bullying may also be particularly conflict-averse.
219:
A 2008 study of the topic, conducted on the basis of a survey at a
Canadian university, concluded that the practice had several unproductive costs, including increased
1835:
Chapell, M; Casey, D; De la Cruz, C; Ferrell, J; Forman, J; Lipkin, R; Newsham, M; Sterling, M; Whittaker, S (2004). "Bullying in college by students and teachers".
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Harassment and
Bullying in Higher & Further Education The National Harassment Network First Higher and Further Education Branch Annual Conference 1997
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2130:
1967:
Workplace bullying–interim findings of a study in further and higher education in Wales – International
Journal of Manpower, Vol 20 Issue 1/2 1999
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2017:
Savva, C. and
Alexandrou, A., The impact of bullying in further and higher education – Bullying at Work research and update conference 1998
506:
Keashly, Loraleigh; Neuman, Joel H. (2010). "Faculty
Experiences with Bullying in Higher Education: Causes, Consequences, and Management".
91:
Isolation, such as, withholding information and preventing access to opportunities, such as training workshops, attendance and deadlines.
3488:
1997:
Misawa, Mitsunori (January 2010). "Racist and
Homophobic Bullying in Adulthood: Narratives from Gay Men of Color in Higher Education".
2108:
961:
2255:
369:
123:
19:
2021:
Simpson, Ruth; Cohen, Claire (March 2004). "Dangerous Work: The
Gendered Nature of Bullying in the Context of Higher Education".
216:, and they may not heal for many years. Some cases end in suicide, although the precise prevalence of this outcome is not known.
3352:
2740:
1966:
1521:
1883:
Hughes, Gavin (September 2001). "Examples of Good
Practice when Dealing with Bullying in a Further/Higher Education College".
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1818:
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in a wide range of actions. It is believed to be common, although has not received as much attention from researchers as
2282:
2157:
1275:"Transforming Toxic Research Cultures: Protecting the Future of Medical Students and Early Career Researchers – Part I"
983:
1222:
100:, for example, setting meaningless tasks, not giving credit where credit is due, removal from positions of authority,
3015:
2745:
1974:"Voices in the social construction of bullying at work: exploring multiple realities in further and higher education"
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1700:
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Threat to professional status, such as, public professional humiliation, accusation of lack of effort and belittling.
831:
3473:
2292:
2066:
Zabrodska, Katerina; Kveton, Petr (2013). "Prevalence and Forms of
Workplace Bullying among University Employees".
1693:
The Coercive Community College: Bullying and Its Costly Impact on the Mission to Serve Underrepresented Populations
273:
1141:
3108:
2963:
2770:
1273:
Rajakumar, Hamrish Kumar; Gaman, Mihnea-Alexandru; Puyana, Juan C.; Bonilla-Escobar, Francisco J. (9 July 2024).
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field such as music or literature; financial pressure; or having an aggressive superior. Other factors included
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Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Innovation; Universities; Science and Skills Committee (2009).
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3055:
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239:
1858:"Bully University? The Cost of Workplace Bullying and Employee Disengagement in American Higher Education"
1419:
McKay, R. Arnold, D. H. Fratzl, J. Thomas, R. (2008). "Workplace Bullying in Academia: A Canadian Study".
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was increased by personal differences such as being a foreigner or of a different sex; by working in a
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Students and universities: eleventh report of session 2008–09, Vol. 2: Oral and written evidence
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seeking promotion. It may also be manifested by undue demands for compliance with regulations.
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emphasize the need for improving institutional reporting systems for academic bullying.
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2500:
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Thomas, Mary (2005). "Bullying among support staff in a higher education institution".
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2006:
1985:
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182:
156:
139:
35:
2836:
1778:
Faculty Incivility: The Rise of the Academic Bully Culture and What to Do About It
94:
Overwork, such as setting impossible deadlines and making unnecessary disruptions.
3367:
3284:
2561:
2375:
2365:
2319:
2262:
2250:
1935:"Not Your Child's Playground: Workplace Bullying Among Community College Faculty"
404:
176:
97:
3442:
3372:
3357:
3347:
3337:
3264:
3168:
3094:
3065:
2490:
2460:
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1494:
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1053:
938:
913:
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864:
519:
292:
2079:
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1989:
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1432:
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3153:
3070:
2937:
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2629:
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2185:
1874:
1857:
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1710:
1418:
1300:
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424:
160:
134:
has recently been used to expose or allege bullying in academia anonymously.
1896:
1109:
1084:
3377:
3309:
3289:
3279:
3269:
3239:
3045:
2695:
2675:
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2520:
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1848:
1802:
The Envy of Excellence: Administrative Mobbing of High-Achieving Professors
1669:
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higher than that usually found via internal polling (12 to 24 percent).
3407:
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3219:
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2634:
2455:
2435:
2415:
2405:
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2010:
982:, Higher Education Development Association, 13 May 2007, archived from
350:
338:
331:
272:) among professors running a research group. Research conducted by the
344:
being put under pressure to carry out a procedure without supervision.
295:
describes the problem as "low incidence, high severity", analogous to
2685:
2541:
2480:
565:
563:
964:," in University Affairs/Affaires universitaires, 19 September 2016.
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261:
68:
47:
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2475:
2445:
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1768:
Chaos and Academic Mobbing – The True Story of The Renison Affair
452:
450:
399:
394:
264:
among science PhD candidates enrolled at universities across the
150:
39:
212:. The psychological scars have been described as comparable to
3362:
2400:
2210:
2200:
389:
172:
1999:
New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development
1748:
Barsteadworth College – How Workplace Bullies Get Away With It
1644:"The need for a global committee on academic behaviour ethics"
447:
3117:
2485:
2131:
Surviving-academic-bullying-stories-and-resources-for-targets
1834:
2124:
763:. Australian Council for Educational Research. p. 168.
670:"Bullying In Academe: Prevalent, Significant, and Incessant"
2135:
1248:"Workplace Mediators Seek a Role in Taming Faculty Bullies"
299:. She identifies the aggressors' misuse of the concepts of
213:
168:
88:
Threat to social status, such as, teasing and name calling.
756:
543:"We need a bigger conversation about bullying in academia"
55:
from stress, depression and suicidal thoughts, as well as
3392:
81:
Workplace bullying ranges into the following categories.
3086:
613:
Bullying: Effective strategies for long-term improvement
1978:
International Journal of Management and Decision Making
1914:
International Journal of Management and Decision Making
186:
campaign against a less powerful or popular colleague.
2103:
Civility, Incivility, Bullying, and Mobbing in Academe
1005:"Academic bullying: Desperate for data and solutions"
572:"Academic Mobbing: Hidden Health Hazard at Workplace"
962:
Academic mobbing, or how to become campus tormentors
611:Thompson, David; Arora, Tiny; Sharp, Sonia (2002).
1939:Community College Journal of Research and Practice
1382:"Academic bullying slows the evolution of science"
610:
18:For bullying of students in higher education, see
865:"Improve reporting systems for academic bullying"
3465:
914:"Bullying investigations need a code of conduct"
689:
108:
2557:Canadian Centre for Gender and Sexual Diversity
2065:
314:
1911:
1220:
1166:
760:An Academic Life: A Handbook for New Academics
724:. Harvard University Press. pp. 124–125.
717:
3102:
2151:
1593:American Association of University Professors
639:. Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
505:
499:
2068:Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal
2020:
1453:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1421:Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal
757:Robert Cantwell; Jill Scevak (August 2009).
690:Egner, Heike; Uhlenwinkel, Anke (May 2021).
208:depression and suicidal ideation as well as
1695:. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald Group Publishing.
1528:. The Stationery Office. pp. 531–532.
1167:Täuber, Susanne; Mahmoudi, Morteza (2022).
677:2010 IABR & ITLC Conference Proceedings
341:for not having come from a "medical family"
260:According to a survey conducted in 2021 by
3109:
3095:
2158:
2144:
911:
841:
790:
721:The college administrator's survival guide
159:' study of mobbing in academia found that
1873:
1659:
1493:
1356:
1290:
1279:International Journal of Medical Students
1108:
1038:"A survivor's guide to academic bullying"
979:Workplace Bullying in the Academic World?
937:
888:
587:
482:
1795:
1641:
1558:Kapot gemaakt door je eigen universiteit
1379:
1327:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1139:
1082:
1035:
862:
540:
456:
370:Bullying of students in higher education
124:Bullying of students in higher education
20:Bullying of students in higher education
1616:"Medical students complain of bullying"
1517:
1515:
1513:
1470:"Does science have a bullying problem?"
972:
970:
752:
750:
748:
667:
541:Academic, Anonymous (26 January 2018).
3466:
3353:Complex post-traumatic stress disorder
2741:International Stand Up to Bullying Day
2041:
1996:
1932:
1882:
1855:
1765:
1720:Workplace Bullying in Higher Education
1717:
1690:
1613:
1085:"Academic bullying: How to be an ally"
713:
711:
709:
3090:
2582:Society Against Violence in Education
2139:
1971:
1774:
1744:
1240:
1207:
634:
62:
34:which takes place at institutions of
1510:
1467:
1221:Anthea Lipsett (16 September 2005).
1169:"How bullying becomes a career tool"
1036:Mahmoudi, Morteza (31 August 2020).
967:
745:
718:C. K. Gunsalus (30 September 2006).
668:Cassell, Macgorine (November 2011).
569:
2346:Bullying and emotional intelligence
2109:Bullying in Universities: It exists
706:
278:Dutch Research School of Philosophy
13:
1828:
1679:
1143:A Brief Guide to Academic Bullying
508:Administrative Theory & Praxis
14:
3500:
3489:Workplace harassment and bullying
3016:Machiavellianism in the workplace
2095:
1330:"Academic bullies leave no trace"
1252:The Chronicle of Higher Education
459:"Academic bullies leave no trace"
247:reporting the highest incidence.
189:
2125:Anti-Mobbing Help for Scientists
2035:10.1111/j.1468-0432.2004.00227.x
1856:Hollis, Leah P. (1 April 2015).
1751:. London: Chipmunka Publishing.
1563:Destroyed by your own university
793:"Dishonesty in Medical Research"
334:by teachers in front of patients
274:Federation of Dutch Trade Unions
231:Similarly to studies in general
2969:Kauhajoki School of Hospitality
1635:
1607:
1581:
1549:
1461:
1412:
1373:
1321:
1266:
1160:
1133:
1076:
1029:
1015:
997:
954:
905:
856:
784:
696:Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung
683:
661:
628:
604:
534:
415:Sexual harassment in education
1:
3134:Adverse childhood experiences
3011:List of LGBT-related suicides
2912:Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold
2226:Parental bullying of children
2023:Gender, Work and Organization
1691:Hollis, Leah P., ed. (2016).
1661:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31361-3
1313:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1223:"Bullying rife across campus"
1146:. Jenny Stanford Publishing.
441:
307:as a commonly used strategy.
238:In 2008 the United Kingdom's
210:posttraumatic stress disorder
109:Bullying and academic culture
57:posttraumatic stress disorder
3056:Social dominance orientation
3041:Psychopathy in the workplace
2165:
2119:Workplace Mobbing in Academe
1614:Curtis, Polly (4 May 2005).
637:New Perspectives on Bullying
315:Bullying of medical students
240:University and College Union
226:
7:
3021:Narcissism in the workplace
1718:Lester, Jaime, ed. (2013).
912:Nik-Zainal, Serena (2019).
850:Reveal bullying in academia
357:
10:
3505:
1885:Pastoral Care in Education
1642:Mahmoudi, Morteza (2019).
1589:"AAUP Collegiality Report"
1495:10.1038/d41586-018-07532-5
1398:10.1038/s41578-023-00549-x
1380:Mahmoudi, Morteza (2023).
1328:Mahmoudi, Morteza (2019).
1185:10.1038/s41562-022-01311-z
1140:Mahmoudi, Morteza (2022).
1083:Mahmoudi, Morteza (2021).
1054:10.1038/s41562-020-00937-1
939:10.1038/d41586-019-00228-4
890:10.1038/d41586-018-07154-x
863:Mahmoudi, Morteza (2018).
791:Wilmshurst, Peter (2007).
576:Malaysian Family Physician
520:10.2753/ATP1084-1806320103
457:Mahmoudi, Morteza (2019).
318:
202:
145:
122:as well as students, c.f.
66:
17:
3343:Abusive power and control
3325:
3124:
3116:
2993:
2900:
2754:
2736:International Day of Pink
2731:Anti-bullying legislation
2713:
2668:
2597:
2590:
2529:
2328:
2173:
2129:Borthakur & Crockett
2112:The Independent on Sunday
2080:10.1007/s10672-012-9210-x
2056:10.1108/09654280510602499
1990:10.1504/ijmdm.2003.002489
1951:10.1080/10668920902728394
1926:10.1504/IJMDM.2009.026680
1781:. John Wiley & Sons.
1468:Else, H (November 2018).
1433:10.1007/s10672-008-9073-3
245:University of East London
3418:Psychological projection
3280:Referee and umpire abuse
3061:Suicide among LGBT youth
1875:10.1177/2158244015589997
1775:Twale, Darla J. (2008).
1684:
1386:Nature Reviews Materials
800:The Medico-Legal Journal
3474:Harassment and bullying
2356:Character assassination
1897:10.1111/1468-0122.00201
1745:Riley, Stephen (2010).
1110:10.1126/science.abl7492
2746:Think Before You Speak
2640:James O'Higgins Norman
2572:It Gets Better Project
2283:Information technology
1972:Lewis, Duncan (2003).
1933:Lester, Jaime (2009).
1868:(2): 215824401558999.
1292:10.5195/ijms.2024.2763
1227:Times Higher Education
1173:Nature Human Behaviour
1042:Nature Human Behaviour
270:Dutch Research Council
253:Times Higher Education
3388:Just-world hypothesis
3139:Anti-social behaviour
3031:Personality disorders
3006:Just-world hypothesis
2246:Relational aggression
1766:Towler, John (2011).
812:10.1258/rsmmlj.75.1.3
410:Scientific misconduct
3423:Psychological trauma
2771:William Arthur Gibbs
2655:Christina Salmivalli
2605:Anna Costanza Baldry
2552:Bystander Revolution
2537:Act Against Bullying
2516:Workplace incivility
2441:Moving the goalposts
2268:Workplace harassment
2196:Displaced aggression
1025:. 30 September 2020.
1023:"You are not alone!"
435:Workplace incivility
380:Bullying in teaching
375:Bullying in medicine
321:Bullying in medicine
28:Bullying in academia
3333:Abusive supervision
3260:Psychological abuse
3235:Institutional abuse
3026:Personal boundaries
3001:Emotional blackmail
2681:Louise Burfitt-Dons
2620:David P. Farrington
2466:Psychological abuse
2191:Disability bullying
2181:Abusive supervision
1486:2018Natur.563..616E
1349:10.15171/bi.2019.17
1101:2021Sci...373..974M
930:2019Natur.565..429N
881:2018Natur.562R.494M
635:Rigby, Ken (2002).
475:10.15171/bi.2019.17
365:Academic dishonesty
297:research misconduct
3413:Playing the victim
3305:Surveillance abuse
3255:Professional abuse
3176:Cruelty to animals
3036:Playing the victim
2964:Matti Juhani Saari
2956:Jokela High School
2951:Pekka-Eric Auvinen
2795:Nicola Ann Raphael
2726:Anti-Bullying Week
2501:Social undermining
2273:Workplace bullying
2231:Peer victimization
2011:10.1002/nha3.10370
1811:Edwin Mellen Press
1807:Lewiston, New York
1565:] (in Dutch).
430:Workplace bullying
233:workplace bullying
120:adjunct professors
73:Workplace bullying
63:Workplace bullying
32:workplace bullying
3461:
3460:
3438:Traumatic bonding
3084:
3083:
2789:Dawn-Marie Wesley
2721:Anti-Bullying Day
2709:
2708:
2431:Kiss up kick down
2216:Military bullying
1820:978-0-7734-5979-3
1797:Westhues, Kenneth
1788:978-0-470-19766-0
1758:978-1-84991-182-5
1535:978-0-215-54072-0
1480:(7733): 616–618.
770:978-0-86431-908-1
731:978-0-674-02315-4
570:Khoo, S. (2010).
221:employee turnover
3496:
3484:Education issues
3479:Academic culture
3300:Structural abuse
3275:Police brutality
3181:Disability abuse
3111:
3104:
3097:
3088:
3087:
2843:Kenneth Weishuhn
2813:Sladjana Vidovic
2701:Lizzie Velásquez
2660:Kenneth Westhues
2615:Dorothy Espelage
2595:
2594:
2496:Social exclusion
2456:Personal attacks
2391:False accusation
2293:Legal profession
2256:Higher education
2160:
2153:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2091:
2059:
2044:Health Education
2038:
2014:
1993:
1962:
1929:
1908:
1879:
1877:
1852:
1824:
1792:
1771:
1762:
1741:
1714:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1519:
1508:
1507:
1497:
1476:(Feature news).
1465:
1459:
1458:
1452:
1444:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1360:
1334:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1304:
1294:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1218:
1205:
1204:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1112:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1009:Science Magazine
1001:
995:
994:
993:
991:
974:
965:
958:
952:
951:
941:
909:
903:
902:
892:
860:
854:
853:
845:
839:
838:
836:
830:. Archived from
797:
788:
782:
781:
779:
777:
754:
743:
742:
740:
738:
715:
704:
703:
687:
681:
680:
674:
665:
659:
658:
632:
626:
616:
608:
602:
601:
591:
567:
558:
557:
555:
553:
538:
532:
531:
503:
497:
496:
486:
454:
420:Sham peer review
301:academic freedom
183:Morteza Mahmoudi
157:Kenneth Westhues
36:higher education
3504:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3493:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3433:Rationalization
3368:Destabilisation
3321:
3285:Religious abuse
3120:
3115:
3085:
3080:
2989:
2904:
2902:Murder–suicides
2896:
2891:Tyrone Unsworth
2873:Rebecca Sedwick
2867:Rehtaeh Parsons
2831:Jamey Rodemeyer
2759:
2750:
2705:
2664:
2586:
2562:Ditch the Label
2525:
2376:Destabilisation
2366:Culture of fear
2324:
2320:Toxic workplace
2263:Sexual bullying
2251:School bullying
2236:Prison bullying
2169:
2164:
2114:15 January 2010
2098:
1831:
1829:Academic papers
1821:
1789:
1759:
1730:
1703:
1687:
1682:
1680:Further reading
1677:
1654:(10207): 1410.
1640:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1520:
1511:
1466:
1462:
1446:
1445:
1417:
1413:
1378:
1374:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1306:
1305:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1219:
1208:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1138:
1134:
1081:
1077:
1034:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1003:
1002:
998:
989:
987:
986:on 24 July 2011
976:
975:
968:
959:
955:
910:
906:
861:
857:
847:
846:
842:
837:on 21 May 2013.
834:
795:
789:
785:
775:
773:
771:
755:
746:
736:
734:
732:
716:
707:
688:
684:
672:
666:
662:
647:
633:
629:
609:
605:
568:
561:
551:
549:
539:
535:
504:
500:
455:
448:
444:
439:
405:School bullying
360:
323:
317:
229:
205:
192:
177:campus politics
148:
111:
98:Destabilization
75:
67:Main articles:
65:
23:
12:
11:
5:
3502:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3443:Victim blaming
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3373:Discrimination
3370:
3365:
3360:
3358:Dehumanization
3355:
3350:
3348:Child grooming
3345:
3340:
3338:Abuse of power
3335:
3329:
3327:
3326:Related topics
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3265:Physical abuse
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3195:
3193:Domestic abuse
3190:
3189:
3188:
3186:military draft
3178:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3066:Victim blaming
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2997:
2995:
2994:Related topics
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2908:
2906:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2825:Tyler Clementi
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2767:
2765:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2491:Smear campaign
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2461:Physical abuse
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2351:Cancel culture
2348:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2115:
2105:
2097:
2096:External links
2094:
2093:
2092:
2063:
2060:
2050:(4): 273–288.
2039:
2029:(2): 163–186.
2018:
2015:
1994:
1969:
1965:Lewis, Duncan
1963:
1945:(5): 444–462.
1930:
1909:
1880:
1853:
1843:(153): 53–64.
1830:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1819:
1793:
1787:
1772:
1763:
1757:
1742:
1728:
1715:
1701:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1634:
1606:
1595:. 26 July 2006
1580:
1569:. 13 July 2021
1548:
1534:
1509:
1460:
1411:
1392:(5): 301–303.
1372:
1343:(3): 129–130.
1320:
1285:(2): 128–132.
1265:
1239:
1206:
1159:
1152:
1132:
1075:
1028:
1014:
996:
966:
953:
904:
855:
840:
806:(Pt 1): 3–12.
783:
769:
744:
730:
705:
682:
660:
645:
627:
603:
559:
533:
498:
469:(3): 129–130.
445:
443:
440:
438:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
361:
359:
356:
346:
345:
342:
335:
319:Main article:
316:
313:
293:C. K. Gunsalus
228:
225:
204:
201:
191:
190:Manifestations
188:
147:
144:
110:
107:
106:
105:
95:
92:
89:
86:
64:
61:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3501:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3448:Victimisation
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3071:Victimisation
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:Elliot Rodger
2975:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2944:
2943:Virginia Tech
2941:
2940:
2939:
2938:Seung-Hui Cho
2936:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2879:Leelah Alcorn
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2819:Phoebe Prince
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2801:Ryan Halligan
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2777:Kelly Yeomans
2775:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:SuEllen Fried
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2630:Heinz Leymann
2628:
2626:
2625:Shelley Hymel
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2567:GRIN Campaign
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:Organizations
2528:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2386:Embarrassment
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2288:Legal aspects
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:LGBT bullying
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2186:Cyberbullying
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2074:(2): 89–108.
2073:
2069:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1822:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1729:9780415519649
1725:
1722:. Routledge.
1721:
1716:
1712:
1708:
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3403:Minimisation
3398:Manipulation
3378:Exaggeration
3314:
3310:Verbal abuse
3290:Sexual abuse
3270:Social abuse
3240:Intimidation
3046:Scapegoating
2837:Jamie Hubley
2783:Hamed Nastoh
2696:Liam Hackett
2676:Andrea Adams
2650:Debra Pepler
2521:Verbal abuse
2451:Name calling
2421:Intimidation
2381:Discrediting
2341:Blacklisting
2313:Toxic leader
2277:
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2067:
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1621:The Guardian
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547:The Guardian
546:
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305:collegiality
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132:Social media
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3453:Victimology
3428:Psychopathy
3250:Persecution
3225:Humiliation
3215:Gaslighting
3198:Elder abuse
3149:Child abuse
3076:Victimology
3051:Self-esteem
2905:(incidents)
2855:Amanda Todd
2849:Audrie Pott
2807:Megan Meier
2610:Wendy Craig
2547:Bullying UK
2411:Humiliation
2396:Gaslighting
2117:Westhues K
2005:(1): 7–23.
1837:Adolescence
1599:29 November
617:(Summaries
385:Campus rape
266:Netherlands
165:post-modern
102:gaslighting
3468:Categories
3408:Narcissism
3230:Incivility
3220:Harassment
2982:Isla Vista
2925:Jeff Weise
2885:Conrad Roy
2861:Jadin Bell
2645:Dan Olweus
2635:Gary Namie
2436:Mind games
2416:Incivility
2406:Harassment
2371:Defamation
1648:The Lancet
1337:BioImpacts
1179:(4): 475.
463:BioImpacts
442:References
351:The Lancet
339:victimised
332:humiliated
282:depression
51:recourse.
38:, such as
3383:Isolation
3203:Financial
2917:Columbine
2686:Tim Field
2669:Activists
2598:Academics
2542:Ban Bossy
2481:Screaming
2426:Isolation
2123:Albrecht
2088:143679664
1959:145723282
1905:145206683
1862:SAGE Open
1738:768171467
1711:946605641
1627:9 October
1441:155084423
1406:257249266
1301:2076-6327
1201:246651521
1127:237308678
1070:221403792
655:875667926
528:142766958
348:In 2019,
227:Incidence
3295:Stalking
3208:Marriage
3169:marriage
3164:military
3144:Bullying
2930:Red Lake
2757:suicides
2755:Notable
2577:Kidscape
2511:Taunting
2506:Swatting
2471:Rudeness
2361:Coercion
2336:Betrayal
2329:Elements
2308:Teaching
2298:Medicine
2278:Academia
2167:Bullying
2107:Karim N
2101:Twale D
1849:15230065
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552:6 August
493:31508328
358:See also
276:and the
262:NOS op 3
69:Bullying
48:bullying
40:colleges
3316:more...
3245:Neglect
3154:neglect
2714:Actions
2591:Experts
2476:Sarcasm
2446:Nagging
2303:Nursing
2221:Mobbing
1573:24 July
1541:8 March
1482:Bibcode
1358:6726746
1258:9 March
1232:8 March
1097:Bibcode
1089:Science
990:5 March
926:Bibcode
877:Bibcode
776:8 March
737:7 March
619:at Eric
589:4170397
484:6726746
400:Ragging
395:Mobbing
291:Author
286:burnout
203:Effects
151:Mobbing
146:Mobbing
116:faculty
3363:Denial
3159:sexual
2984:, 2014
2971:, 2008
2958:, 2007
2945:, 2007
2932:, 2005
2919:, 1999
2893:(2016)
2887:(2014)
2881:(2014)
2875:(2013)
2869:(2013)
2863:(2013)
2857:(2012)
2851:(2012)
2845:(2012)
2839:(2011)
2833:(2011)
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2815:(2008)
2809:(2006)
2803:(2003)
2797:(2001)
2791:(2000)
2785:(2000)
2779:(1997)
2773:(1877)
2401:Gossip
2211:Hazing
2201:Doxing
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337:being
330:being
173:heresy
140:Nature
3393:Lying
3126:Types
3118:Abuse
2486:Shame
2174:Types
2084:S2CID
1955:S2CID
1901:S2CID
1685:Books
1561:[
1437:S2CID
1402:S2CID
1333:(PDF)
1197:S2CID
1123:S2CID
1066:S2CID
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2762:List
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1815:ISBN
1783:ISBN
1753:ISBN
1734:OCLC
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1666:PMID
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1601:2018
1575:2021
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1530:ISBN
1500:PMID
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765:ISBN
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726:ISBN
651:OCLC
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489:PMID
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250:The
214:rape
175:and
169:envy
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1986:doi
1947:doi
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