81:
letter-writing campaigns and public meetings. They also adopted the principle of praising women and criticizing men. Their feminist philosophy led them to adopt the idea that it would be women who would save the United States and end all wars. Their destruction came from a narrow focus, which was mostly centered on passing the amendment against war. And they were not particularly welcoming of peace organizations that included men or encompassed popular thoughts of men which caused the WPU to be extremely isolated. By 1940, WPU was almost completely non-operable and not functioning as it was no longer in effect, but it actually started to dismantle in the mid to late 1930s.
258:
270:
93:
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spurred the creation of the Women's Peace Union of the
Western Hemisphere. The organization called for the immediate disarmament of all nations, and encouraged cooperation of women in Canada, Mexico and the United States to work towards that goal. Barker was the temporary chair, Margaret Long Thomas
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coordinated the efforts to draft the amendment and to work within the United States political system to outlaw war. WPU campaigned steadily and single-mindedly from 1923 to 1939, along with
Senator Lynn Joseph Frazier of North Dakota, for a constitutional amendment that would outlaw war and the
80:
of 1928 in which sixty-two nations agreed to renounce war as a way to advance national designs and as a solution to international squabbles. They were able to make their advances through their philosophy of non-violence and their push for suffrage. Their nonviolent tactics included lobbying,
23:
organization founded in 1921 as a joint effort of women from the United States and Canada with the goal of outlawing war. Its single purpose was to push through a
Constitutional Amendment to prohibit war.
76:
Although the group's ideas and strives were extreme, they were still very reflective of the attitudes of masses during that time period. A great accomplishment for the group came in the form of the
69:
preparation for war in the United States and all its territories. WPU refused to negotiate when it came to partial disarmament methods as they completely condemned all acts of violence. From 1926,
275:
273:
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43:(WILPF) member, proposed a conference to be held in 1921 with American and Canadian women to discuss outlawing war. The conference, held between August 19 and 21, at
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49:
40:
616:
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219:(20). New York City, New York: Survey Associates Inc. for Charity Organization Society of the City of New York: 721. September 24, 1921
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208:
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was the treasurer. Though founded by
Canadian women, the organization was based in New York and strove to introduce an
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of the United States banning participation in war—the solitary mission of the organization.
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795:
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720:
715:
339:
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790:
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571:
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141:
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317:
Women Strike for Peace: Traditional
Motherhood and Radical Politics in the 1960s
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73:, a Canadian social reformer, had become a supporter of the WPU.
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The Women's Peace Union and the
Outlawry of War, 1921-1942
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Women's political advocacy groups in the United States
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617:
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41:Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
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48:of New York City was appointed secretary, and
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455:Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art
633:Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists?
433:New York School of Applied Design for Women
384:Feminist art movement in the United States
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117:Feminist art movement in the United States
421:American Association of University Women
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295:
264:
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182:
854:
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298:Rose Henderson: A Woman for the People
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580:WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution
427:National Association of Women Artists
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521:The Women's Building (San Francisco)
480:National Museum of Women in the Arts
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511:Women's Art Resources of Minnesota
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878:
843:Feminist movements and ideologies
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485:New York Feminist Art Institute
319:. University of Chicago Press.
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157:National Organization for Women
832:Women in the art history field
516:Woman's Building (Los Angeles)
334:Alonso, Harriet Hyman (1997).
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147:List of anti-war organizations
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500:Washington Women's Art Center
338:. Syracuse University Press.
58:Amendment to the Constitution
540:Exhibitions or installations
122:Feminist Majority Foundation
7:
665:Women Artists in Revolution
505:Women Artists in Revolution
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10:
883:
27:
840:
819:
683:
642:
608:
590:
539:
442:
413:
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132:Independent Women's Forum
827:List of feminist artists
625:The Feminist Art Journal
300:. McGill-Queen's Press.
296:Campbell, Peter (2010).
152:NARAL Pro-Choice America
531:Women's Studio Workshop
526:Women's Interart Center
443:Venues or organizations
54:Niagara Falls, New York
670:Women's Caucus for Art
591:Films or documentaries
465:Feminist Art Coalition
315:Swerdlow, Amy (1993).
137:Individualist feminism
62:Caroline Lexow Babcock
50:Gertrude Franchot Tone
599:!Women Art Revolution
400:Feminist art movement
112:Feminist art movement
33:Christine Ross Barker
240:, pp. 130, 136.
183:Notes and references
19:(WPU) was a radical
862:Peace organizations
731:Helen Frankenthaler
475:Lesbian Art Project
198:, pp. 131–132.
177:Woman's Peace Party
78:Kellogg-Briand Pact
17:Women's Peace Union
796:Carolee Schneemann
556:Three Weeks in May
167:Planned Parenthood
127:Feminists For Life
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848:
721:Mary Beth Edelson
716:Elaine de Kooning
564:The Sister Chapel
345:978-0-8156-0417-4
326:978-0-226-78636-0
307:978-0-7735-8116-6
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791:Rachel Rosenthal
766:Georgia O'Keeffe
701:Louise Bourgeois
572:The Dinner Party
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776:Louise Nevelson
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495:tArt Collective
459:Brooklyn Museum
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142:Jewish feminism
107:Equity feminism
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691:Alison Bechdel
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660:The Waitresses
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490:SOHO20 Gallery
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450:A.I.R. Gallery
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99:Society portal
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71:Rose Henderson
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801:Cindy Sherman
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684:Notable women
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405:Women artists
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265:Swerdlow 1993
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253:Campbell 2010
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238:Campbell 2010
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196:Campbell 2010
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172:Radical Women
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756:Jane Kaufman
741:Nancy Graves
736:Mary Garrard
711:Judy Chicago
706:Norma Broude
623:
615:
609:Publications
597:
578:
570:
562:
554:
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470:Hera Gallery
395:Feminist art
335:
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297:
290:Bibliography
260:
233:
221:. Retrieved
216:
212:
203:
191:
75:
66:Elinor Byrns
37:Nova Scotian
31:
16:
15:
806:Alma Thomas
761:Lee Krasner
751:Lila Katzen
726:Suzi Ferrer
675:Where We At
628:(1972–1977)
620:(1977–1992)
567:(1974–1978)
282:, p. .
280:Alonso 1997
267:, p. .
162:New Thought
856:Categories
811:June Wayne
548:Womanhouse
414:Precursors
213:The Survey
209:"Jottings"
746:Eva Hesse
223:16 August
781:Yoko Ono
635:" (1971)
85:See also
21:pacifist
650:subRosa
28:History
643:Groups
583:(2007)
575:(1979)
559:(1977)
551:(1972)
435:(1892)
429:(1889)
423:(1881)
342:
323:
304:
820:Lists
507:(WAR)
340:ISBN
321:ISBN
302:ISBN
225:2017
217:XLVI
64:and
52:of
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272:^
245:^
215:.
211:.
35:a
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457:(
376:e
369:t
362:v
348:.
329:.
310:.
227:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
