Wolfgang Paalen - Knowledge

859:

Paalen's work? I suppose that you have seen some reproductions. Among the young Surr's he ought to come out – he paints scenes "for" a sorcerer (you never see the witches). All this to hope that you might show him in N.Y", Duchamp had already written to Levy in January 1939; in March he added a note about the invitation to the Guggenheim show: “In London with Mary for a few days – Just came to see the last day of Paalen's show – His "sorcelleries" look real on the walls – Hope you try them in N.Y." After his one-man-show at the Guggenheim Jeune Gallery in Cork Street, London, as the first of the surrealists, he decided to leave Europe and travelled first to New York in May 1939 together with his wife Alice and friend

1155: 944:(who then was living in New York), albeit the commendatory letter, Breton had written already in Paris, hoping that Paalen would continue the contact, he had established during his trip to Mexico in 1938. Paalen justified his refusal in a letter to Breton with his general critique on the pseudo-religious paternal fixations of the Surrealists who, in his opinion, didn't dispose of the means to find other ways out of the spiritual hole, the crisis of Marxism has left in their minds, than to look for new political fathers. Back in Mexico he broke up with his former friends Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo across political opinions concerning their hard line in communism after the assassination of 682: 658:("Forbidden Land"), an apocalyptic landscape dominated by a female goddess and fallen, meteorite-like planets. Paalen had designed his personal model of the permeable poetic soul in the form of a cryptic, abyssal landscape, pervaded by a mixture of feminine mystique and romantic ‘shock’ imagery reminiscent of pre-Celtic faerie mysteries and their cosmic allusions, as these are known in the lyrical tradition of Brittany. This was also the first painting, into which he artfully integrated his fumage, in the extremely fine, crystalline execution of the lower section. In 1937 he realized many paintings in this style, including 671: 1058:, and so on. By means of his journal, with a total of five issues published in Mexico between 1942 and 1944, he temporarily advanced to be one of the most influential art theorists in the wartime period. Even Breton admitted in 1944 that Paalen's criticism of Surrealism was justified and that "we (the Surrealists) have left the whole licence to Paalen, who could say whatever he liked, without having the means to say something against or at least put something at his level. Paalen is winning on the whole line." 473: 290: 33: 828:. Perhaps inspired by the revolving doors used as movable walls for paintings and metaphorically called portes ‘revolver’ in the surrealist exhibition, Paalen designed a pistol shape from different small animal bones, which he fastened to a box with a tray and glass lid lined with black velvet. As in museum displays of valuable paleontological discoveries, he included its title on a copper plate inscribed ‘Le génie de l'espèce’ (The Genius, or Engineering, of the Species). 193: 616: 1288:, comparing the Olmecs to the ancient European matrilinear civilizations, which underlay invasive and more aggressive patriarchal civilizations some 3000 years ago. Paalen's thesis about the matrilinear social-structure of the ancient societies of Mesoamerica, which he documented with considerable support from his own research, was never substantially challenged and strongly influenced such artists as 1008: 768:, embodied a dynamic sense of contradiction: bloom with stalk; sponge as symbol of nature, as a feminine utensil, which touched and cleaned naked female skin; umbrella as a masculine symbol of order and protection from natural forces. It thus became widely recognized among the Surrealists and their growing public. Geo Dupin, Paalen's sister-in-law, remembered that 733:, was discreetly announced as a drawing. Recent research suggests that Paalen had a huge influence on the design of the exhibition's Great Hall. Other critics suggest that the entire installation was meant to imply the minatorial situation of the Surrealist group itself, reflected by the approaching war, as well as a huge mother's womb as 581:(Rembrandt's Brains). That same year Paalen had a solo exhibition of paintings in Paris at the Galerie Pierre, owned by Breton's friend Pierre Loeb. Breton and Penrose included him in the organization of the International Surrealist Exhibition in London, where he presented twelve oils, gouaches and objects as well as his first 1217:

anybody today even knows what he represents. He dares to pretend that someone can grow by the painter. He has the same hope as Pygmalion, to fall in love with his creation and to be outgrown by it. He waits for the picture to renounce allegiance to its creator. He paints his portrait without human features.

1386:

in Morelos, where he mainly lived and worked during the last years of his life. Paradoxically Paalen produced a number of masterly works towards the end of this last period, as well as theatre plays and short stories, which reflect his ambivalent state of mind and growing depressions. His passion for

1216:

There is no greater fear of the numerous escapists of our time than that before the mirror. An amazing, breathtaking idea: to have a portrait asking the original what it is worth, how it lives up to what the painter saw. The old symbol of Dorian Gray. Paalen renewed it in his way. He doubts whether

448:. He then decided to settle in Paris. The year 1928 marks also the beginning of the decline of the family's splendour, once founded on the patriarchal rules of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. After a homoerotic affair with a mental healer, his younger brother Hans-Peter died unexpectedly in a Berlin 1576:

Paalen's relatively small oeuvre of roughly 300 canvases, a few objects and some sculptures was mostly traded privately and through specialized galleries in the past. Only minor works appear from time to time in public auctions, as most of the major works are in museums or well-established private

722:

and reeds, beneath Duchamp's ceiling of empty coal sacks. The doll Paalen decorated came with a silk scarf, a giant bat on her head and an eerie, mushroom-covered leaf-dress. It anticipated the barely visible, floating, gliding totemic fairy creatures from his oil paintings with fumage that Pierre

1334:

and had solo shows in the San Francisco Museum of Art as well as a group show at Stanford University Art Gallery, where he also lectured parts from the major essay on his new concept of space, he had worked on the last years. It was published in occasion of the DYNATON exhibition in San Francisco

858:

during her visit in Paris. She invited the couple to Mexico, where Paalen wanted to organize a Surrealist exhibition together with Breton. It was Marcel Duchamp who recommended Paalen to Peggy Guggenheim and the New York dealer Julien Levy. "Dear Julien, P. S. to my recent letter: Do you know

460:. A later tragedy, crucial to Paalen's development, was his beloved brother Rainer's shooting himself in head with a pistol. Wolfgang witnessed the event, although Rainer survived, following treatment in a Berlin hospital and escaped from the city in 1933. He died in a mental hospital in 643:

The further development in the work of Paalen continues to follow up the idea of a biological-evolutionary-physical-cosmological continuum, in which the human organism can evolve and unfold. Prelude for a series of oil-Fumages within the Surrealist group gave the discreet affair of

2342:

Barnett Newman's notes from the years 1943–45 define also themes like "The nature of this movement, a. The image complex, b. The problem of plastic form, c. The roots in American primitive art", as well as "The role of the artist", themes, Paalen had discussed extensively in DYN.

1124:

listed Paalen together with Pollock, Rothko, Hoffman, Gorky, Baziotes and Motherwell as "The men in the new art movement"; Motherwell appears with a question mark, while Paalen is listed twice, once with the adding "New" (probably dividing Paalen's surrealist from his DYN-works).

1041:

then organized a symposium on dialectical materialism, with the Surrealists in Breton's apartment in New York, which revealed nothing but the inadequate knowledge of the artists on this field. In DYN Paalen theoretically hedged his concept of possibility on various levels, with

1189:

of 1941 set entirely on the new pictorial space because they concentrate on pictorially immanent means: Rhythm, light and colour. Important is that they transform the rhythmical appearance of the fumage imprints into a neo-cubist rhythm, which Paalen then compares with the

1211:

is repeated: "Paintings no longer represent; it is no longer the task of art to answer naive questions. Today it has become the role of the painting to look at the spectator and ask him: what do you represent?" Gustav Regler wrote 1946 about this groundbreaking idea:

1244:

It is the deep existential foundation of reality, what he is interested in. Although it becomes common practice after 1947, until this time, nobody had placed so much responsibility on the viewer as Paalen did with his rhetoric and pictorial language.

1202:

in them and nothing happens with them in the space. The picture itself is the being, or a frozen resonance of it. Precisely because of this total silence, every topical expectation put to them is reflected as a question. In a cartoon published by

524:

and amplified his attempts to visualize his idea of human perception as deeply linked to a cosmic texture of latent or possible contents, with whom every organism is interweaved. In 1934 he married the French poet Alice Phillipot, later known as

2182:

Alice's love-letters to Picasso, practically unknown to the public, are stored in the Musée Picasso in Paris; see also Neufert, p. 181f. u. 250ff., who discovered the letters and gives ample insight into the affair and its literary

512:: testing the point to which concrete forms may be reduced to latency and the point where they transmit multiple meanings. Paalen anticipated with this research, in a certain sense, the later attempts of such abstractionists as 1585:(oil and smoke on canvas). Estimated at €30–40,000, the realised price was €373,000 (ca US$ 561,000), setting a new record for the highest price paid at auction for this artist. In November 2015 Wolfgang Paalen's painting 1106:, were published. Paalen's short sojourns in New York and the two solo exhibitions made him known as a painter in artist's circles, however his predominant absence from the New York art scene and the wide reception of 2698: 1524:

Between May and July 2007 a collection of his work was exhibited at the Frey Norris gallery in San Francisco. In 2014 the Wendi Norris Gallery, also in San Francisco, exhibited major works in the solo-retrospective

589:) representing a ghostly hand performing the act of painting. The contact with Breton deepened during that time and Paalen also participated in the design of Breton's Galerie Gradiva. There he met and worked with 1391:, collecting and trading pre-Columbian art to an always growing US market. Rumours of Paalen having been involved in illegal looting of archaeological sites in Yucatán inspired the American author and theologian 1061:

In seven large essays and countless smaller articles and reviews he discussed in detail the topical concerns of the young New York artists and, in response, received their full attention. Also his long article

424:. It is here and with hypnopompic hallucinations in the castle in Sagan that he found the base for his later ideas of a deep entanglement of vision and outer world. After another year of studies, in Paris and 2275:

Andreas Neufert has reconstructed the exact itinerary of this voyage, see "Ten Rolls of 8mm Film Documenting Wolfgang Paalen's Journey through British Columbia in Summer 1939", essay, in: Dawn Ades (2011),

1086:, mainly because of the new conception of considering totemistic art as part of ecstatic action and ritual with its psychic links to generic memory and matrilinear ancestor-worship. With the exception of 915:

gallery with great success. Reporters witness that Paalen at a certain point switched out the light and walked around with a burning candle during the opening, gathered by young American painters such as

1198:, through a mosaic-like fracture and complementary contrasts. He wants to create the atmosphere of a deeply moving, gripping encounter with beings that themselves remain silent. There is no action, no 1593:

for €387.500.-, setting a new world record price for this artist. In February 2023, two paintings by Paalen from the Surrealist period set new world records for the artist in the traditional auction

1589:

sold for 382.000.- US$ in the Latin American Art auction at Sotheby's New York's. In July 2020 the German auction house Villa Grisebach in Berlin sold Wolfgang Paalen's early programmatic painting

396:. In 1923 he returned to Berlin alone to apply for the academy. Although unsuccessful, he met his lifelong friend, companion and patron, the Swiss violinist, collector, filmmaker and photographer 1300:

in their archaist and feminist themes. His ideas still live on in the archaeological and artistic discourses, the most prominent popular example of recent times being Mel Gibson's cinematic opus

1358:

and painted a considerable corpus of lyrical-abstract paintings, which were exhibited at Galerie Pierre (1953) and Galerie Galanis-Hentschel (1954). One of the four numbers of Breton's magazine

364:'s Zentral-Einkaufsgesellschaft. Wolfgang attended different schools in Sagan, and during the war his parents also engaged a private tutor. The teacher was also an organist who specialized in 988:. During his first period of exile, Paalen concentrated on the verbalization of his ideas on art and, apart from occasional visits to New York, experimented secretly, in his studio in 1142:

were widely inspired by each other and can be seen partly as a hidden correspondence between Breton and Paalen. This assumption has been already denoted (but not fully explored) by

1335:

Museum of Art in 1951 as a catalogue. Paalen's ongoing desire to go back to Mexico and rebuilt the link to Breton in Paris led to a divorce from Luchita, who decided to live with

3012:

Editor's Note by Christian Kloyber; Introductory essays by Lourdes Andrade, Guy Buchholtzer, Gordon Onslow Ford, André Breton, Octavio Paz (Vienna and New York: Springer, 2000)

753:, with its recognition of the emotional nature of the child and its ties to the mother. This latter theory was represented and defended exclusively by Paalen and his wife 2365:

in: Hal Foster, Rosalind Krauss, Yve-Alain Bois, Benjamin H.D. Buchloh, "Art Since 1900, Modernism, Antimodernism, Postmodernism", London (Thames & Hudson), p. 292f.

2151:

Neufert (p. 138ff. and 159ff.) found evidence of this story, told by Luchita Hurtado, Paalen's 2nd wife, in the correspondence of Rainer Paalen with his aunt Fini Gunkel

1415:

in Tepoztlán, who both wrote texts on Paalen after his suicide. In the night of September 25, 1959 Paalen left his hotel room in the Hacienda San Francisco Cuadra in

1557:

and Franz Smola, which opened October 3 and ran through January 19th with remarkable success. An English edition of the catalogue is available through Koenig Books.

741:, in particular, suggests the latter reading and sees the installation as a symptom of an ideological shift within Surrealism, away from Freud's rigid theory of the 2639: 1342:

Back in Mexico Paalen organized 1951 a longer stay in Paris. Together with his new fiancée, the American painter Marie Wilson, Paalen lived for the next 3 years in

2253:

According to the correspondence with Kurt Seligmann, Paalen had the idea of organizing a great international exhibition in Mexico, see Stephan E. Hauser (1997),

1350:. He reconciled with Breton, spent most of the summers in Breton's house in Saint Cirq La Popie, participated at the invention of various surrealist games, like 816:(Gallows with Lightning Rod), a larger-than-life wooden gibbet with lightning rods and a dedication plaque to the German philosopher and experimental physicist 212: 652:

which had led to an abortion. The deep crisis of the couple and Paalen's first grave attack of depression led to his first important Surrealist masterpiece,

2244:, assembled by Paalen for the International Surrealist Exhibition in Mexico City 1940 (ex Collection Ines Amor, Mexico-City, now private collection, Berlin) 4025: 2298:

see Neufert, p. 387ff., citing from the letters Paalen wrote to Breton f.e. Wolfgang Paalen to André Breton, Mai 3rd, 1940 (Bibliothèque Doucet, Paris)

1114:

fostered his image as a kind of intellectual secret agent primarily exerting indirect influence on the events through his intensely discussed ideas.

636:– a technique for generating evocative patterns with the smoke and soot of a lit candle. Between 1936 and 1937 Paalen developed with these visionary- 1015:

In the spring of 1942 the New York art world witnessed the result of Paalen's intense work in the first years of exile in Mexico – the art journal

1419:, where he sometimes stayed during his depressions, and walked up the hill. The following day he was found dead with a gunshot to his head. 4050: 2491:"PRESS RELEASE: GETTY RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNOUNCES ACQUISITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS BY SWISS FILMMAKER AND PHOTOGRAPHER EVA SULZER (1902–1990)" 867:

where he collected a major totem house-screen with the representation of a bear-woman, accessible through a hole in the womb (now in the

211:

in Vienna (Köstlergasse 1 / Linke Wienzeile No. 40), Austria. He was the first of four sons of the Austrian-Jewish merchant and inventor

170:

in 1935 and was one of its prominent exponents until 1942. Whilst in exile in Mexico, he founded his own counter-surrealist art-magazine

3904: 2613: 4055: 4005: 3909: 952:. More and more isolated from the Mexican intellectual leftists, he held an open household for European and American visitors, such as 640:

forms on canvas, which he then mostly painted over in oil, a number of mature paintings which soon made his international reputation.

356:

Gustav Robert served both empires, the Austrian and the German, with the organization of food supply and worked closely together with

250:), amongst others. In a relatively short period Gustav R. Paalen managed to ascend into the distinguished Viennese upper-class of the 3038:

Lecture of Andreas Neufert: The Totem as Sphinx, Wolfgang Paalen's urgent Illuminations during his Voyage into Exile 1939 (Symposion

1478: 1327: 723:

Colle would show the following June in his surrealist gallery. He also participated in the editorial of the catalogue, published as

2660:

Wolfgang Paalen, Form and Sense, Meanings and Movements in Twentieth-Century Art, New York (Arcade Publishing/Artists and Art) 2013

508:

and tends to macerate and condensate the abstract hardliners with regard to the Surrealists. The pictorial results may be seen as

3965: 2723: 384:(1871–1944) who became Wolfgang's first art teacher. It was in Rome, under the guidance of his father's friend, the archeologist 3975: 3990: 2415:"'Her Legacy Has Only Just Begun': Luchita Hurtado, the Protean Artist Who Gained Renown in Her Final Decade, Has Died at 99" 737:

to fight the causes of the crisis, which were located in the paternalistic fixations of the whole epoch. Paalen's biographer

553:. An intense friendship developed almost immediately, and Breton involved his new adept in surrealist activities such as the 4040: 4035: 3081: 1564:

is currently published in two volumes in English. The first volume has been available since November 2022 under the title

1505:. Paalen's estate in Mexico, including papers and photographs, was donated by the heirs of Isabel Marin de Paalen to the 449: 2914: 2906: 2845: 2136: 2092: 879:, originates from the travel-notebooks, films and photographs of this voyage. In September he arrived in Mexico, where 1481:

in 1945 and the danger of the unbalanced scientific human mind in general. It was first read publicly in the house of

3858: 2922: 2877: 1427:

Although Paalen is known chiefly as a visual artist, he also wrote poetry in French and German, which he shared with

3737: 2586: 316:, to whom he dedicated a memorial still visible today. In Tobelbad Paalen senior received such prominent guests as 573:(The Level Crossing), a wooden root elegantly leaning on a cork wall, along with two other objects made of roots: 3970: 2684: 1284:, that the Olmecs were a culture succumbed and (after hundreds of war-years) finally wiped out by the aggressive 2266:

Marcel Duchamp, notes to Julien Levy, Januar/März 1939, Julien Levy Gallery Records, University of Pennsylvania.

3980: 1154: 321: 1408: 3803: 1362:

is dedicated to Paalen. After travelling through Germany in the summer of 1954 he went back again to Mexico.

1270:. Hurtado moved to Mexico in 1947 to live with Paalen and together they explored the ancient culture of the 1054:

theory, with his criticisms of dialectical materialism and western dualistic concepts, with his analysis of

911:. In April 1940 he showed his great Fumages and new experimental work, close to abstraction, in New York at 4010: 3647: 2104:

Registers of the Protestant Rectory Vienna (Evangelisches Pfarramt Wien), see also Anna Staudacher (2004),

1132:, who has extensively explored Paalen's life and work, suggested in his 2015 biography on the artist, that 3717: 3244: 4030: 3955: 3459: 3033:

The Forgotten Surrealist (The Getty Iris): Article by the curator of a recent exhibition featuring Paalen

2572:

Amy Winter, Interview of Luchita Mullican, Santa Monica, May 1, 1994 (Archives of American Art, New York)

1517:, which recently restituted Paalen's rich archive of papers, photographs and manuscripts to the heirs of 1370:

Paalen's last years in Mexico were characterized by increasing health problems, mainly originated in his

817: 792:

with a comment that the sponge-umbrella would bring to mind another, sadly prominent, umbrella – that of

908: 900: 3950: 681: 561:(The Exact Time), a clock with glass eyes and feather hands, which was displayed next to Giacometti's 3929: 3032: 2414: 2376: 1509:

in Mexico City. The estate which Paalen left in the care of his close friend, the surrealist painter

1169:

It was in the 1940s that Paalen's art particularly played a major role in changing the conception of

457: 313: 3124: 3056:

accompanying message of the author to the new English edition of the Paalen Biography, November 2022

376:

In 1919 the family moved to Rome, where they kept a luxurious household in the Villa Caetani on the

238:

in the same year. His considerable wealth was based on modernist inventions and patents such as the

3985: 3960: 3813: 3798: 3074: 2602:

is administrated by their fiduciary Andreas Neufert who also deals with all questions of copyright.

181: 3409: 477: 1497:

The complete works of Paalen, canvases, objects and sculptures, were catalogued by art historian

1387:

Olmec sculpture and artefacts implicated him into adventurous expeditions into the wilderness of

1331: 1030: 598: 217: 3612: 3053:

Andreas Neufert: PAALEN Life and Work – I. Forbidden Land: The Early and Crucial Years 1905–1939

489: 163: 4045: 4000: 3924: 3793: 3482: 2748: 2670: 1182: 1025:– "that which is possible"). In its first issue he publicly announced to his friend Breton his 2614:"Wolfgang Paalen: Implicit Spaces. Frey Norris Gallery, San Francisco, May 17 – July 12, 2007" 2545:, in: Catalogue of the memorial exhibition of Wolfgang Paalens in Librairie Loilée, Paris 1960 3995: 3894: 3879: 3823: 3667: 3562: 3547: 3487: 2218:

Andreas Neufert, Conversations with Geo Dupin, Paris 1987, see also Neufert (2015), p. 303ff.

1514: 711: 707: 393: 365: 836:

1938 he showed his new fumage paintings, which made his reputation as painter, in a show in

702:, Paalen was among those responsible for the design of the 1938 International Exhibition of 4020: 4015: 3874: 3828: 3194: 1966:

About the Origins of the Doric Column and the Guitar-woman, in: Dyn, n° 2, July–August 1942

1274:, about which Paalen later published a widely respected article in the French art magazine 1239: 773: 670: 3364: 3047:

Discussion with Dawn Ades, Andreas Neufert and Daniel Garza Usabiaga about Wolfgamg Paalen

1146:

in 2004 in his contribution "1942a – The depoliticization of the American avant-garde..."

980:. He helped to organize immigration visas for the surrealists in Vichy-France through the 222:, and his German wife, the actress Clothilde Emilie Gunkel. Gustav Robert, who had Polish- 8: 3762: 3199: 3067: 2869: 1029:. In the second issue he scandalised his former advocate again by publishing a survey on 941: 793: 769: 750: 405: 325: 309: 2563:

André Breton in a letter to Wolfgang Paalen, July 31, 1941 (Bibliothèque Doucet, Paris).

381: 3319: 3239: 3229: 3164: 3028:

The official website of the Wolfgang Paalen Gesellschaft and Succession Wolfgang Paalen

2888: 2161: 1510: 1506: 1379: 1319: 1297: 1281: 1178: 1051: 957: 603: 456:

disposition intensified as a result; the fortune of Gustav Paalen is quashed after the

417: 270:

and is today one of the highlights of the National Gallery, Washington. As a friend of

3697: 3687: 3354: 3234: 2240:

Nuage articulé I, (ex Collection Geo Dupin, Paris, now Moderna Museet, Stockholm, and

2025:(3 articles), in: Dyn, n° 1, April–May 1942, n° 2, July–August 1942, n° 3, autumn 1942 969: 628:

In the course of his association with the Surrealists and their attempts to transform

3914: 3884: 3732: 2918: 2910: 2902: 2873: 2841: 2132: 2088: 1550: 1482: 1428: 1347: 1285: 1259: 1095: 1043: 925: 868: 797: 665: 629: 534: 267: 3682: 3557: 3254: 2321: 1781: 1682: 1318:. Paalen decided to move to San Francisco with his new family, where he worked with 961: 772:

had been extremely taken with Paalen's object and had chosen not to buy it, for the

729: 3889: 3808: 3788: 3727: 3642: 3507: 3424: 3384: 3279: 3269: 3214: 3169: 1444: 1371: 1276: 933: 929: 864: 453: 401: 357: 271: 3843: 3757: 3742: 3304: 3294: 3179: 1314:

In 1948, one of the two children from Luchita's former marriage died in Mexico of

699: 485: 3702: 3652: 3627: 3607: 3512: 3454: 3444: 3434: 3404: 3379: 3334: 3299: 3149: 3144: 2899:

PAALEN. Life and Work, I. Forbidden Land: The Early and Crucial Years 1905 - 1939

2894: 2861: 2833: 1554: 1498: 1404: 1399:(1980). As expert and inspirator Wolfgang Paalen assisted the American filmmaker 1392: 1263: 1129: 1075: 921: 917: 742: 738: 251: 134: 3577: 3517: 3399: 3309: 3114: 2309:

The Intellectual Follies. A Memoir of the Literary Venture in New York and Paris

1451:, re-read, read in a loud voice, nothing is more adorable, indubitably genial". 1436: 785: 550: 472: 176:, in which he summarized his critical attitude towards radical subjectivism and 3899: 3722: 3712: 3662: 3617: 3582: 3522: 3497: 3414: 3394: 3369: 3344: 3259: 3209: 3204: 3134: 1566:

Paalen Life and Work, I. Forbidden Land: The Early and Crucial Years 1905- 1939

1534: 1443:. 1941 Breton reacted euphorically to Paalen's poetical diary of his voyage to 1343: 1173:. Due to his magazine DYN, his presence and exhibitions in New York City, 1940 1143: 1138: 1121: 1083: 1038: 789: 590: 530: 461: 437: 429: 421: 389: 337: 259: 239: 223: 177: 172: 3552: 3537: 3532: 3154: 3051: 3046: 3037: 3022: 2998:, Museo de Arte Contemporaneo Carrillo Gil, Mexico-City (Imprenta Madero) 1994 1440: 776:

in New York City, only because it was too fragile and difficult to transport.

538: 501: 497: 3944: 3838: 3833: 3752: 3692: 3637: 3622: 3602: 3542: 3527: 3502: 3449: 3329: 3314: 3289: 3249: 3184: 3139: 2851: 2702: 1602: 1578: 1543: 1461:. He also wrote three theatre plays and various unpublished stories, such as 1457: 1293: 1267: 1230: 1199: 1071: 1067: 1055: 1017: 973: 965: 953: 949: 812:, Paalen presented other objects in the 1938 surrealist exhibition, such as: 654: 645: 620: 521: 385: 361: 317: 227: 3672: 3464: 2799: 2773: 2515:

The Living Idol, Mexico/USA 1956, with Steve Forrest and Liliane Montevecchi

904: 452:, presumably of suicide; the parents consequently separated; their mother's 340:, whom she married later. 1912 the Paalen family moved to Berlin and to the 184:. He rejoined the group between 1951 and 1954, during his sojourn in Paris. 3853: 3848: 3767: 3747: 3707: 3592: 3587: 3572: 3492: 3324: 3189: 3159: 3119: 1560:

The biography of Wolfgang Paalen, published 2015 in German under the title

1400: 1336: 1323: 1204: 1170: 1037:, which caused a scandal among the New York Surrealists. The art historian 977: 945: 937: 899:

In autumn 1939 he organized the International Surrealist Exhibition in the

880: 780:

was published later in a more political context in the Surrealist magazine

719: 542: 445: 441: 413: 329: 246:, known under the name Thermos bottle, and the first flow-type heater (for 243: 3677: 3632: 3597: 3349: 3174: 1383: 1159: 1102:

in which also the first papers of the later Abstract Expressionists, like

989: 557:, which opened at the Galerie Charles Ratton in 1936. Here, Paalen showed 289: 3429: 3419: 3274: 3264: 3224: 3129: 3104: 2986:, Frederick R. Weisman Museum of Art, Malibu (Pepperdine University) 1992 1432: 1412: 1374:(manic-depressive) disposition. With the help of his friends and patrons 1289: 1174: 1079: 985: 912: 855: 801: 754: 649: 546: 526: 513: 353: 333: 208: 3783: 2583:

Wolfgang Paalen: Im Inneren des Wals: Monography, and Catalogue Raisonné

2198:

Wolfgang Paalen – Verbindung von Ausstellungsgestaltung und Einzelobjekt

1503:

Wolfgang Paalen: Im Inneren des Wals: Monography, and Catalogue Raisonné

884: 601:, who installed it in her famous bathroom, mentioned and illustrated in 3818: 3657: 3339: 3090: 2490: 1518: 1375: 1302: 860: 734: 710:

in Paris, where he produced a floor, with dead leaves and mud from the

703: 433: 397: 345: 294: 255: 167: 159: 114: 104: 1388: 1119:

America has a new art movement (the first authentic art movement here)

332:), among others. Some sources claim that it was Paalen who introduced 230:

origins, converted to Protestantism in 1900 and changed his name from

192: 3567: 3284: 3219: 2280:, Exhibition Catalogue, Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, p. 229-235. 2065:, interview of Paalen with Carter Stone, in: Dyn, n° 6, November 1944 1234: 850: 746: 637: 409: 377: 301:

The first years of his life Wolfgang Paalen spent between Vienna and

1553:

honored Wolfgang Paalen with a retrospective exhibition, curated by

1542:, were re-published in 2013 by Deborah Rosenthal with a foreword by 1489:

reflects his lifelong passion with pre-Celtic matrilinear cultures.

32: 3389: 3109: 2400:

Gustav Regler, Wolfgang Paalen, New York (Nierendorf) 1946, p. 60f.

1951:

Suggestion for an Objective Morality, in: Dyn, n° 1, April–May 1942

1346:'s atelier-building in the Impasse Villa Seurat in Paris, built by 1177:, 1945 Peggy Guggenheim's The Art of This Century gallery and 1946 1047: 493: 666:

International Exhibition of Surrealism 1938 and surrealist objects

615: 400:(Winterthur 1902 – 1990 Mexico City). In 1925 he exhibited at the 3374: 841: 695: 565:(Suspended Ball). A small glazed showcase with clay idols called 541:. In the summer of 1935 he spent some time at the castle home of 341: 247: 3027: 1280:. Paalen radicalizes the assumption of his friend and colleague 1098:

in New York as the first issue of the series of writings titled

831: 336:, during her visit in Tobelbad in 1910, to the German architect 1474: 854:

with illustrations by him. In 1938 the Paalens socialised with

808:, of which two versions are known and preserved In addition to 765: 686: 633: 582: 425: 302: 279: 197: 151: 56: 844:

on his trip to Mexico. He published also the Lichtenberg-text

840:

Gallery in Paris, with a catalogue text by Breton, written in

3439: 3059: 2838:

Auf Liebe und Tod, Das Leben des Surrealisten Wolfgang Paalen

2085:

Auf Liebe und Tod. Das Leben des Surrealisten Wolfgang Paalen

1581:

auctioned Paalen's important 1938 surrealist fumage painting

1416: 1315: 1271: 1191: 155: 75: 2980:, Museo de Arte Contemporaneo Carrillo Gil, Mexico-City 1979 2938:, Paris (Galerie Renou et Colle) 1938 (Vorwort André Breton) 1996:

On the Meaning of Cubism Today, in: Dyn, n° 6, November 1944

3919: 1195: 936:. Neither in Mexico, nor in New York he came in contact to 371: 1007: 2278:

The Colour of my Dreams: The Surrealist Revolution in Art

348:), where his father had bought and rebuilt the castle of 306: 158:, Mexico) was an Austrian-Mexican painter, sculptor, and 1961:

Surprise and Inspiration', in: Dyn, n° 1, April–May 1942

404:

and studied further in aesthetics, deeply influenced by

3040:

Vivísimo Muerto: Debates on Surrealism in Latin America

1971:

The Dialectical Gospel, in: Dyn, n° 2, July–August 1942

1382:

he acquired an old house with studio in the small town

1149: 2990:

Wolfgang Paalen, Zwischen Surrealismus und Abstraktion

2929: 2885:

Wolfgang Paalen. Artist and Theorist of the Avantgarde

2671:"Auf Liebe und Tod-208 - Buch - Parthas Verlag Berlin" 2324:, 26 May and May 31, 1944 (Bibliothèque Doucet, Paris) 1181:

in Berlin, he influenced significantly the genesis of

2106:

Jüdisch-Protestantische Konvertiten in Wien 1782–1914

894: 380:

and received many guests, such as the German painter

1601:(1938) with a result of 756,000 pounds sterling and 972:

as well as refugees from the stalinist terror, like

718:, consisting of an artificial pond with water, real 2194:

Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme Paris 1938

1365: 166:group from 1934 to 1935, he joined the influential 1513:, is administrated by the Lucid Art Foundation in 1477:'s totalitarian terror-regime, the release of the 1473:, a tragic-comedy, reflects the unbroken power of 569:(At the Mercy of the Navigator) was shown, as was 276:Freundeskreis des Kaiser-Friedrich Museums, Berlin 2962:, San Francisco Museum of Art, San Francisco 1951 1956:Seeing and Showing, in: Dyn, n° 1, April–May 1942 1266:, whom he had met in New York through his friend 891:(The Blue House), which they had rented for him. 368:, who thus became Wolfgang's favourite composer. 278:, he also financed the acquisition of the famous 196:Entrance to Paalen's birthplace, Köstlergasse 1, 3942: 2640:"Wolfgang Paalen at Frey Norris (San Francisco)" 2007:"Farewell au surréalisme", No. 1, April–May 1942 610: 492:group. He left the group in 1935, together with 3023:Booktrailer: Andreas Neufert, Auf Liebe und Tod 1066:had considerable influence on such artists, as 266:, which he had acquired from the Berlin patron 1225:as a kind of pictorial version of the ancient 883:and Frida Kahlo accompanied him to a house in 727:to the show, in which his most famous object, 203:Wolfgang Paalen was born in one of the famous 3075: 2956:, New York (Galerie Art of this Century) 1945 1090:, all essays are republished under the title 832:The paintings of 1938–39 and plans for Mexico 2950:, Galería de Arte Mexicano, Mexico City 1940 1527:Wolfgang Paalen, Philosopher of the Possible 537:, who brought the Paalens into contact with 305:where his father had opened the fashionable 3042:of the Getty Research Centers, Los Angeles) 3010:Wolfgang Paalen's DYN: The Complete Reprint 2637: 2209:Neufert, p. 236, 255f., 308, 312ff. and 335 1976:Art and Science, in: Dyn, n° 3, autumn 1942 254:. He became also a well known collector of 3910:London International Surrealist Exhibition 3082: 3068: 2992:, Museum Moderner Kunst Wien (Ritter) 1993 2611: 1033:and an article with the provocative title 484:In Paris he studied for a short time with 31: 4026:Mexican people of Austrian-Jewish descent 2974:, Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico-City 1967 2167:Surreal things. Making the fantastic real 1253: 1207:in the fifties, Paalen's suggestion from 1011:First issue of the magazine, Mexico, 1942 948:and their return to an open adoration of 800:and the failure of the British policy of 764:, with its umbrella covered with natural 3905:Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme 2968:, Paris (Galerie Galanis-Hentschel) 1954 2944:, London (Galerie Guggenheim Jeune) 1939 2600:Succession Wolfgang Paalen et Eva Sulzer 2377:"Getty Voices: The Forgotten Surrealist" 2255:Kurt Seligmann 1900–1962: Leben und Werk 1153: 1006: 680: 669: 614: 500:. His work at this time was inspired by 471: 372:Early teachers and decline of the family 288: 191: 2872:, (Monography and Catalogue raisonné), 2827: 1309: 1258:1946 he divorced Alice and married the 824:(The Ego and the Id); and a version of 467: 187: 3943: 2440:Le plus ancien visage du Nouveau Monde 2126: 1947:"The New Image", No. 1, April–May 1942 1532:Paalen's collected essays on art from 1479:atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki 907:, which opened in January 1940 in the 632:into drawing and painting, he created 3063: 2840:(Biography), Berlin: Parthas Verlag, 2408: 2406: 2374: 2368: 2171:Surreal Things. Surrealism and Design 2165:, April 1938, S. 56, Ghislaine Wood, 1605:(1936–37) with a result of £504,000. 1455:was partly published in his magazine 992:, in a new style on pictorial space. 180:in Surrealism with his philosophy of 2866:Wolfgang Paalen, Im Inneren des Wals 2442:, in: Cahiers d’art 27 (1952), Nr. 2 2375:Leddy, Annette (February 11, 2013). 1991:Birth of Fire, in: Dyn, n° 4–5, 1943 1447:in the summer of 1939: "I have read 1150:The new concept of space in painting 1136:and the New York surrealist journal 863:. The same year he traveled through 2930:Selected exhibitions and catalogues 2463:, San Francisco Museum of Art, 1951 2412: 2129:Historical Dictionary of Surrealism 1775:Combats des princes saturniens, III 1521:, Paalen's only heir and executor. 1326:in a newly formed association, the 488:and in 1933 became a member of the 16:Austrian-Mexican artist (1905–1959) 13: 4051:20th-century Austrian male artists 2724:"(#7) Wolfgang Paalen (1907-1959)" 2403: 1485:in East Hampton in 1946. His play 1422: 1360:Medium – Communication Surréaliste 895:The first years of exile in Mexico 875:, later published in his magazine 725:Dictionnaire abrégé du Surrealisme 258:paintings with masterpieces, like 154:, Austria – September 24, 1959 in 128:1934: Alice Phillipot, later Rahon 14: 4067: 4056:20th-century Mexican male artists 4006:Austrian people of German descent 3859:The Surrealist Group in Stockholm 3016: 3002: 2978:Presencia Viva de Wolfgang Paalen 2478:Medium. Communication Surréaliste 2031:, in: Dyn, n° 2, July–August 1942 2131:. Scarecrow Press. p. 454. 2017:Aperçu pour une morale objective 1986:Totem Art, in: Dyn, n° 4–5, 1943 1935: 1876:, Hommage à Marcel Duchamp, 1950 1676:Paysage totémique de mon enfance 1591:Avertissement I (Peinture), 1935 1366:Last years in Mexico and suicide 1248: 995: 903:together with the Peruvian poet 476:Paalen in his studio apartment, 2792: 2766: 2741: 2716: 2691: 2677: 2663: 2654: 2631: 2605: 2592: 2587:Springer Science+Business Media 2575: 2566: 2557: 2548: 2535: 2518: 2509: 2483: 2466: 2445: 2432: 2394: 2359: 2346: 2336: 2327: 2320:André Breton in his letters to 2314: 2301: 2292: 2283: 2269: 2260: 2247: 2234: 2221: 2212: 2196:, München 2008, see chapter on 2019:, in: Dyn, n° 1, April–May 1942 2013:, in: Dyn, n° 1, April–May 1942 1158:Interior of Paalen's studio in 555:Exposition surréaliste d'objets 440:, he visited the art school of 293:Castle of the Paalen-family in 3966:20th-century Austrian painters 3089: 2996:Wolfgang Paalen, Retrospectiva 2413:Rea, Naomi (August 14, 2020). 2203: 2186: 2176: 2154: 2145: 2120: 2111: 2098: 2077: 2059:, in: Dyn, n° 6, November 1944 1577:collections. In 2009 however, 909:new gallery rooms of Ines Amor 694:Together with Marcel Duchamp, 529:and again met frequently with 388:, that he became an expert in 322:Fritz von Herzmanovsky-Orlando 1: 3976:20th-century Mexican painters 3804:Bureau of Surrealist Research 2822: 2699:"Wolfgang Paalen (1905–1959)" 2524:André Pieyre de Mandiargues, 2070: 2047:), in: DYN, n° 3, autumn 1942 1941: 1727:Combat des princes saturniens 1571: 1487:Elorn, A Ballad from Brittany 690:, 1938, Candle smoke on paper 611:Fumage and first masterpieces 597:, acquired in the gallery by 3991:Austrian emigrants to Mexico 2800:"Wolfang Paalen (1905-1959)" 2774:"Wolfang Paalen (1905-1959)" 2037:, in: DYN, n° 3, autumn 1942 2001: 1100:Problems of Contemporary Art 714:, and an installation named 567:Aux bons soins du navigateur 545:, where he met the Parisian 7: 4041:Austrian surrealist artists 4036:Artists who died by suicide 2530:La Nouvelle Revue française 1868:Le Messager des trois Pôles 1616:Personnages dans une grotte 1608: 1409:André Pieyre de Mandiargues 818:Georg Christoph Lichtenberg 760:The erotic connotations of 624:("Forbidden Land"), 1936-37 328:, Ida Zweig (the mother of 284:Venus with the Organ-Player 10: 4072: 2984:Dynaton: Before and Beyond 2554:Neufert (2015), p. 23, 611 1046:, with his own concept of 784:, together with a text by 3930:Paranoiac-critical method 3867: 3776: 3473: 3097: 2972:Hommage à Wolfgang Paalen 2917:(softcover, in English), 2909:(hardcover, in English), 2887:, Westport, Connecticut: 2619:. surrealismcentre.ac.uk/ 2480:, Nr. 1 (Oct. 1953), p. 1 2354:Das DYN Projekt 1941–1944 2083:Neufert, Andreas (2015), 1492: 1128:The German art historian 1117:In a note with the title 846:Göttinger Taschenalmanach 814:Potence avec paratonnerre 593:and presented his object 579:Les cerveaux de Rembrandt 314:Franz Joseph I of Austria 121: 110: 99: 91: 83: 64: 42: 30: 23: 3814:Chicago Surrealist Group 3799:British Surrealist Group 3008:Kloyber, Christian, ed. 2543:Préface à une exposition 2227:Mesens, E. L. T., (ed), 2108:, Vienna, Part 2, p. 234 1021:(derived from the Greek 901:Galería de Arte Mexicano 826:Chaise envahie de lierre 595:Chaise envahie de lierre 444:in Munich and, in 1928, 428:(1925–26), where he met 2901:. Hamburg/Berlin 2022, 2858:, New York: Nierendorf. 2311:, New York 1984, p. 89. 2169:, in: Wood, G. (2007), 2029:Surprise et inspiration 1802:Les premieres spaciales 1646:Rencontre sur une plage 1471:The Beam of the Balance 1330:group. They settled in 1031:Dialectical Materialism 848:in surrealist magazine 599:Marie-Laure de Noailles 577:(Voltaire's Skull) and 252:Austro-Hungarian Empire 3971:Austrian male painters 3925:Abstract expressionism 3794:Birmingham Surrealists 3483:Maxime Moses Alexandre 3460:Radojica Živanović Noe 3125:Jacques-André Boiffard 2685:"Paalen Life and Work" 2127:Aspley, Keith (2010). 2035:L'Évangile dialectique 1886:Sur les hauts plateaux 1790:Polarités chromatiques 1254:Archeological passions 1221:Paalen understood his 1219: 1187:Les premiers spaciales 1183:Abstract Expressionism 1166: 1035:The dialectical Gospel 1027:Farewell to Surrealism 1012: 1000: 691: 678: 625: 481: 298: 200: 148:Wolfgang Robert Paalen 3981:Mexican male painters 3895:Surrealist techniques 3880:Surrealist automatism 3824:Fighting Cock Society 3563:Roger Gilbert-Lecomte 3548:Vratislav Effenberger 3488:Guillaume Apollinaire 2461:Theory of the Dynaton 2457:Relativity of Measure 2352:Neufert, see chapter 2095:, p. 35ff.(In German) 2053:in: DYN, n° 4–5, 1943 1597:at Christies London: 1583:Paysage (Pays) médusé 1515:Inverness, California 1214: 1157: 1010: 956:, Robert Motherwell, 871:). His literary text 712:Montparnasse Cemetery 708:Palais des Beaux Arts 684: 673: 618: 475: 366:Johann Sebastian Bach 344:city of Sagan (today 312:, in the presence of 292: 195: 103:Painting, sculpture, 3875:Surrealist Manifesto 3829:The Firesign Theatre 3613:Comte de Lautréamont 2960:Dynaton A New Vision 2925:(e-book, in English) 2828:Selected biographies 2497:. September 26, 2012 2057:Actualité du cubisme 1769:Le genie de l´espèce 1310:San Francisco, Paris 1262:designer and artist 1240:The Birth of Tragedy 1185:. Paintings such as 1162:, with his painting 982:Union Mexico-Francia 774:Museum of Modern Art 745:to ideas centred on 587:Dictated by a Candle 575:Le crâne de Voltaire 490:Abstraction-Création 468:Paris and surrealism 264:Señora Sabasa Garcia 213:Gustav Robert Paalen 188:Family and childhood 164:Abstraction-Création 4011:Artists from Vienna 3763:Marianne Van Hirtum 3738:Simon Watson Taylor 3200:Christian Dotremont 2883:Amy Winter (2002), 2806:. February 28, 2023 2780:. February 28, 2023 2642:. art ltd. magazine 2585:, Vienna/New York: 2581:Paalen, W. (1999), 2532:(Dec. 1959), No. 84 2231:(Feb. 1939), No. 10 2087:, Berlin: Parthas, 2051:Rencontre totémique 2041:Le Grand Malentendu 1407:. 1958 he received 942:Jean van Heijenoort 794:Neville Chamberlain 770:Alfred H. Barr, Jr. 751:The Trauma of Birth 571:Le passage à niveau 480:, Paris, about 1933 458:Black Tuesday, 1929 406:Julius Meier-Graefe 326:Julius Meier-Graefe 168:Surrealist movement 4031:Assemblage artists 3956:Surrealist artists 3240:Alberto Giacometti 3230:Gordon Onslow Ford 3165:Leonora Carrington 2526:La mort volontaire 2333:Neufert, p. 494ff. 2192:Annabelle Görgen, 1796:Espace sans limite 1721:Orages magnétiques 1595:Art of the Surreal 1511:Gordon Onslow Ford 1507:Franz Mayer Museum 1380:Gordon Onslow Ford 1320:Gordon Onslow Ford 1298:Leonora Carrington 1282:Miguel Covarrubias 1179:Galerie Nierendorf 1167: 1013: 958:Gordon Onslow Ford 887:, next to Kahlo's 692: 679: 626: 482: 320:, poet and artist 299: 274:and member of the 201: 162:. A member of the 150:(July 22, 1905 in 141:1957: Isabel Marín 68:September 24, 1959 3951:Abstract painters 3938: 3937: 3915:Women surrealists 3885:Surrealist cinema 3733:Philippe Soupault 3365:Benjamín Palencia 2966:Domaine de Paalen 2868:, Wien-New York: 2753:www.grisebach.com 2638:Mark Van Proyen. 2451:Wolfgang Paalen, 2438:Wolfgang Paalen, 2307:see Lionel Abel: 2242:Nuage articulé II 2063:Pendant l'éclipse 2023:Paysage totémique 1874:La Clé de Duchamp 1804:triptych, 1941–44 1733:Vol de moustiques 1691:Paysage totémique 1562:Auf Liebe und Tod 1551:Belvedere, Vienna 1501:in his 1999 book 1483:Robert Motherwell 1453:Paysage totémique 1449:Paysage totémique 1429:Valentine Penrose 1356:L’un dans l’autre 1286:Maya civilization 1096:Robert Motherwell 940:or his assistant 926:Robert Motherwell 873:Paysage totémique 869:Denver Art Museum 798:Munich Conference 630:automatic writing 394:Roman archaeology 297:from 1913 to 1934 268:Henri James Simon 145: 144: 4063: 3890:Surrealist music 3809:Chicago Imagists 3789:Les Automatistes 3728:Louis Scutenaire 3668:Vítězslav Nezval 3508:Georges Bataille 3425:Dorothea Tanning 3410:Jindřich Štyrský 3385:Aminollah Rezaei 3280:Jacqueline Lamba 3270:Gerome Kamrowski 3215:Curt Echtermeyer 3170:Ithell Colquhoun 3084: 3077: 3070: 3061: 3060: 2816: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2667: 2661: 2658: 2652: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2618: 2612:Ara H. Merjian. 2609: 2603: 2596: 2590: 2579: 2573: 2570: 2564: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2546: 2539: 2533: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2487: 2481: 2470: 2464: 2449: 2443: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2410: 2401: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2372: 2366: 2363: 2357: 2350: 2344: 2340: 2334: 2331: 2325: 2318: 2312: 2305: 2299: 2296: 2290: 2287: 2281: 2273: 2267: 2264: 2258: 2251: 2245: 2238: 2232: 2225: 2219: 2216: 2210: 2207: 2201: 2190: 2184: 2180: 2174: 2158: 2152: 2149: 2143: 2142: 2124: 2118: 2117:Neufert, p. 86f. 2115: 2109: 2102: 2096: 2081: 2011:L'Image nouvelle 1898:Le Scarabée d'or 1850:Ancêtres à venir 1652:L'Homme possible 1622:Hommes possibles 1445:British Columbia 934:Gerome Kamrowski 930:William Baziotes 865:British Columbia 822:Le moi et le soi 757:in this period. 402:Berlin Secession 358:Walther Rathenau 272:Wilhelm von Bode 221: 205:Wienzeilenhäuser 87:Austrian–Mexican 71: 52: 50: 35: 21: 20: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4062: 4061: 4060: 3986:Modern painters 3961:Jewish painters 3941: 3940: 3939: 3934: 3863: 3772: 3703:Raymond Queneau 3698:Jacques Prévert 3688:Rastko Petrović 3648:Robert Melville 3628:Georges Limbour 3608:Philip Lamantia 3513:Monny de Boully 3475: 3469: 3455:James F. Walker 3445:Albert Valentin 3435:Kristians Tonny 3405:Martin Stejskal 3380:Toni del Renzio 3360:Wolfgang Paalen 3355:Méret Oppenheim 3335:E. L. T. Mesens 3300:Georges Malkine 3235:Esteban Francés 3195:Óscar Domínguez 3150:Jacques Brunius 3145:Emmy Bridgwater 3093: 3088: 3019: 3005: 2954:Wolfgang Paalen 2942:Wolfgang Paalen 2936:Wolfgang Paalen 2932: 2895:Andreas Neufert 2862:Andreas Neufert 2856:Wolfgang Paalen 2834:Andreas Neufert 2830: 2825: 2820: 2819: 2809: 2807: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2783: 2781: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2757: 2755: 2749:"Listenansicht" 2747: 2746: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2705: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2645: 2643: 2636: 2632: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2610: 2606: 2597: 2593: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2549: 2540: 2536: 2523: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2500: 2498: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2474:Wolfgang Paalen 2471: 2467: 2450: 2446: 2437: 2433: 2423: 2421: 2411: 2404: 2399: 2395: 2385: 2383: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2360: 2351: 2347: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2319: 2315: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2289:Neufert, p. 420 2288: 2284: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2257:, Basel, p.168. 2252: 2248: 2239: 2235: 2229:London Bulletin 2226: 2222: 2217: 2213: 2208: 2204: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2177: 2162:Harper's Bazaar 2159: 2155: 2150: 2146: 2139: 2125: 2121: 2116: 2112: 2103: 2099: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2045:Art and Science 2004: 1944: 1938: 1933: 1904:Béatrice perdue 1892:Lumière fossile 1808:Les Cosmogonies 1757:Taches solaires 1751:Ciel de pieuvre 1611: 1599:Taches solaires 1574: 1555:Andreas Neufert 1499:Andreas Neufert 1495: 1467:Paloma Palomita 1425: 1423:Poet and writer 1405:The Living Idol 1393:Arthur A. Cohen 1368: 1312: 1264:Luchita Hurtado 1256: 1251: 1233:, conceived in 1227:choros tragicos 1152: 1130:Andreas Neufert 1076:Jackson Pollock 1023:κατὰ τὸ δυνατόν 1005: 998: 970:Esteban Francés 922:Adolph Gottlieb 918:Jackson Pollock 897: 834: 782:London Bulletin 743:Oedipus complex 739:Andreas Neufert 668: 613: 607:in April 1938. 604:Harper's Bazaar 563:Boule suspendue 470: 374: 215: 190: 160:art philosopher 137: 135:Luchita Hurtado 129: 95:Philosophy, art 79: 73: 69: 60: 54: 48: 46: 38: 37:Paalen, c. 1940 26: 25:Wolfgang Paalen 17: 12: 11: 5: 4069: 4059: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3936: 3935: 3933: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3900:Surreal humour 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3780: 3778: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3723:Georges Sadoul 3720: 3715: 3713:Pierre Reverdy 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3683:Benjamin Péret 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3663:Pierre Naville 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3618:Marcel Lecomte 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3583:Georges Hugnet 3580: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3558:Renée Gauthier 3555: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3523:Roger Caillois 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3498:Antonin Artaud 3495: 3490: 3485: 3479: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3415:Maurice Tabard 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3395:Kurt Seligmann 3392: 3387: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3370:Roland Penrose 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3345:Desmond Morris 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3260:Valentine Hugo 3257: 3255:Jacques Hérold 3252: 3247: 3245:Julio González 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3210:Marcel Duhamel 3207: 3205:Marcel Duchamp 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3135:Victor Brauner 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3101: 3099: 3095: 3094: 3087: 3086: 3079: 3072: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3049: 3044: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3018: 3017:External links 3015: 3014: 3013: 3004: 3003:Reprint of DYN 3001: 3000: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2969: 2963: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2939: 2931: 2928: 2927: 2926: 2915:978-3756820061 2907:978-3756858873 2892: 2881: 2859: 2849: 2846:978-3869640839 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2791: 2765: 2740: 2715: 2690: 2676: 2662: 2653: 2630: 2604: 2591: 2574: 2565: 2556: 2547: 2534: 2517: 2508: 2482: 2472:André Breton, 2465: 2444: 2431: 2402: 2393: 2381:The Getty iris 2367: 2358: 2345: 2335: 2326: 2322:Benjamin Péret 2313: 2300: 2291: 2282: 2268: 2259: 2246: 2233: 2220: 2211: 2202: 2185: 2175: 2173:, London, p.6. 2153: 2144: 2138:978-0810858473 2137: 2119: 2110: 2097: 2093:978-3869640839 2075: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2048: 2038: 2032: 2026: 2020: 2014: 2008: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1931: 1925: 1919: 1916:Asi es la vida 1913: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1883: 1877: 1871: 1865: 1862:Fête mexicaine 1859: 1853: 1847: 1844:Nuit tropicale 1841: 1838:Hamnur Trilogy 1835: 1829: 1823: 1817: 1811: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1786:(object, 1940) 1782:Nuage articulé 1778: 1772: 1771:(object, 1938) 1766: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1739:Paysage médusé 1736: 1730: 1729:I and II, 1938 1724: 1718: 1712: 1711:Mannequin 1938 1706: 1700: 1694: 1688: 1683:Nuage articulé 1679: 1673: 1670:Le Débarcadère 1667: 1661: 1655: 1649: 1643: 1637: 1634:L´heure exacte 1631: 1625: 1619: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1587:Les Cosmogones 1573: 1570: 1540:Form and Sense 1494: 1491: 1424: 1421: 1367: 1364: 1344:Kurt Seligmann 1311: 1308: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1237:'s writing on 1223:picture beings 1209:Form and Sense 1164:Les Cosmogones 1151: 1148: 1144:Yve-Alain Bois 1122:Barnett Newman 1112:Form and Sense 1092:Form and Sense 1084:Barnett Newman 1044:quantum theory 1039:Meyer Schapiro 1004: 999: 997: 994: 962:Benjamin Péret 896: 893: 838:Renou et Colle 833: 830: 810:Nuage articulé 806:Nuage articulé 790:Samuel Beckett 788:translated by 778:Nuage articulé 762:Nuage articulé 730:Nuage articulé 667: 664: 612: 609: 591:Marcel Duchamp 559:L´heure exacte 535:Valentine Boué 531:Roland Penrose 510:language games 469: 466: 462:Czechoslovakia 438:Georges Braque 430:Roland Penrose 422:Max Wertheimer 373: 370: 350:St. Rochusburg 338:Walter Gropius 260:Francisco Goya 240:vacuum cleaner 189: 186: 178:Freudo-Marxism 143: 142: 123: 119: 118: 112: 108: 107: 101: 100:Known for 97: 96: 93: 89: 88: 85: 81: 80: 74: 72:(aged 54) 66: 62: 61: 55: 44: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4068: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4046:1959 suicides 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 4001:Austrian Jews 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3948: 3946: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3844:La Mandrágora 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3775: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3758:Jacques Vaché 3756: 3754: 3753:Tristan Tzara 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3743:André Thirion 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3693:Francis Ponge 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3638:Joyce Mansour 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3623:Michel Leiris 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3603:Jacques Lacan 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3543:Robert Desnos 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3528:Nicolas Calas 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3503:Jacques Baron 3501: 3499: 3496: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3450:Remedios Varo 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3330:John Melville 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3320:Mikuláš Medek 3318: 3316: 3315:Roberto Matta 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3305:Marcel Mariën 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3295:René Magritte 3293: 3291: 3290:Conroy Maddox 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3250:Jane Graverol 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3185:Jean Dallaire 3183: 3181: 3180:Salvador Dalí 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3140:Fanny Brennan 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3085: 3080: 3078: 3073: 3071: 3066: 3065: 3062: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3020: 3011: 3007: 3006: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2924: 2923:9783756826711 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2879: 2878:3-211-83304-8 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2853: 2852:Gustav Regler 2850: 2848:. (In German) 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2832: 2831: 2810:September 28, 2805: 2801: 2795: 2784:September 28, 2779: 2775: 2769: 2758:September 28, 2754: 2750: 2744: 2733:September 28, 2729: 2725: 2719: 2704: 2700: 2694: 2686: 2680: 2672: 2666: 2657: 2641: 2634: 2615: 2608: 2601: 2595: 2588: 2584: 2578: 2569: 2560: 2551: 2544: 2541:Octavio Paz, 2538: 2531: 2527: 2521: 2512: 2496: 2492: 2486: 2479: 2475: 2469: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2448: 2441: 2435: 2420: 2416: 2409: 2407: 2397: 2382: 2378: 2371: 2362: 2355: 2349: 2339: 2330: 2323: 2317: 2310: 2304: 2295: 2286: 2279: 2272: 2263: 2256: 2250: 2243: 2237: 2230: 2224: 2215: 2206: 2199: 2195: 2189: 2179: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2163: 2157: 2148: 2140: 2134: 2130: 2123: 2114: 2107: 2101: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2080: 2076: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2005: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1936:Essays in DYN 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1832:Selam Trilogy 1830: 1827: 1826:L'Or du temps 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1745:Les Guetteurs 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1703:Les Étrangers 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1687:, objet, 1937 1686: 1684: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1640:Pays interdit 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1628:Avertissement 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1606: 1604: 1603:Pays interdit 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1545: 1544:Martica Sawin 1541: 1537: 1536: 1530: 1528: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1459: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1403:for his film 1402: 1398: 1397:Acts of Theft 1395:to his novel 1394: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1338: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1307: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1295: 1294:Remedios Varo 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1278: 1277:Cahiers d'art 1273: 1269: 1268:Isamu Noguchi 1265: 1261: 1249:After the war 1246: 1243: 1241: 1236: 1232: 1231:chorus effect 1229:, the tragic 1228: 1224: 1218: 1213: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1200:metamorphosis 1197: 1193: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1165: 1161: 1156: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1104:Possibilities 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1072:Isamu Noguchi 1069: 1068:Martha Graham 1065: 1059: 1057: 1056:cave painting 1053: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1019: 1009: 1003: 996:The war years 993: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 974:Gustav Regler 971: 967: 966:Remedios Varo 963: 959: 955: 954:Roberto Matta 951: 950:Joseph Stalin 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 914: 910: 906: 902: 892: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 857: 853: 852: 847: 843: 839: 829: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 758: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 731: 726: 721: 717: 716:Avant La Mare 713: 709: 705: 701: 700:Salvador Dalí 697: 689: 688: 683: 676: 675:Les étrangers 672: 663: 661: 657: 656: 655:Pays interdit 651: 647: 646:Pablo Picasso 641: 639: 635: 631: 623: 622: 621:Pays interdit 617: 608: 606: 605: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 533:and his wife 532: 528: 523: 522:Arshile Gorky 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 486:Fernand Léger 479: 474: 465: 463: 459: 455: 451: 450:insane asylum 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 386:Ludwig Pollak 383: 382:Leo von König 379: 369: 367: 363: 362:Albert Ballin 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 318:Gustav Mahler 315: 311: 308: 307:health resort 304: 296: 291: 287: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 219: 214: 210: 206: 199: 194: 185: 183: 179: 175: 174: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 140: 136: 132: 127: 124: 120: 116: 113: 109: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 77: 67: 63: 58: 53:July 22, 1905 45: 41: 34: 29: 22: 19: 3996:Mexican Jews 3854:Refus Global 3849:Monty Python 3768:Roger Vitrac 3748:Dylan Thomas 3718:Marko Ristić 3708:Herbert Read 3593:Nelly Kaplan 3588:Alfred Jarry 3578:Irène Hamoir 3573:Julien Gracq 3518:André Breton 3493:Louis Aragon 3400:André Souris 3359: 3325:Oscar Mellor 3310:André Masson 3190:Paul Delvaux 3160:Claude Cahun 3120:Hans Bellmer 3115:Eugène Atget 3052: 3039: 3009: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2898: 2884: 2865: 2855: 2837: 2808:. Retrieved 2803: 2794: 2782:. Retrieved 2777: 2768: 2756:. Retrieved 2752: 2743: 2731:. Retrieved 2728:Sothebys.com 2727: 2718: 2708:December 11, 2706:. Retrieved 2693: 2679: 2665: 2656: 2646:December 11, 2644:. Retrieved 2633: 2623:December 11, 2621:. Retrieved 2607: 2599: 2594: 2582: 2577: 2568: 2559: 2550: 2542: 2537: 2529: 2525: 2520: 2511: 2501:February 28, 2499:. Retrieved 2494: 2485: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2439: 2434: 2422:. Retrieved 2418: 2396: 2384:. Retrieved 2380: 2370: 2361: 2353: 2348: 2338: 2329: 2316: 2308: 2303: 2294: 2285: 2277: 2271: 2262: 2254: 2249: 2241: 2236: 2228: 2223: 2214: 2205: 2200:, p. 113 ff. 2197: 2193: 2188: 2178: 2170: 2166: 2160: 2156: 2147: 2128: 2122: 2113: 2105: 2100: 2084: 2079: 2062: 2056: 2050: 2044: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2022: 2016: 2010: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1981:Book-Reviews 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1927: 1922:Isla Mujeres 1921: 1915: 1909: 1903: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1879: 1873: 1867: 1861: 1855: 1849: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1825: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1801: 1795: 1789: 1780: 1774: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1750: 1744: 1738: 1732: 1726: 1720: 1714: 1708: 1702: 1696: 1690: 1681: 1675: 1669: 1663: 1657: 1651: 1645: 1639: 1636:object, 1936 1633: 1627: 1621: 1615: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1575: 1565: 1561: 1559: 1548: 1539: 1533: 1531: 1526: 1523: 1502: 1496: 1486: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1437:André Breton 1426: 1401:Albert Lewin 1396: 1369: 1359: 1355: 1352:Ouvrez-Vous? 1351: 1348:André Lurçat 1341: 1337:Lee Mullican 1324:Lee Mullican 1313: 1301: 1275: 1257: 1238: 1226: 1222: 1220: 1215: 1208: 1205:Ad Reinhardt 1186: 1171:abstract art 1168: 1163: 1137: 1133: 1127: 1118: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1091: 1087: 1063: 1060: 1034: 1026: 1022: 1016: 1014: 1001: 981: 978:Victor Serge 946:Leon Trotsky 938:Leon Trotsky 898: 888: 881:Diego Rivera 876: 872: 849: 845: 837: 835: 825: 821: 813: 809: 805: 796:at the 1938 786:André Breton 781: 777: 761: 759: 728: 724: 720:water-lilies 715: 693: 685: 674: 659: 653: 642: 627: 619: 602: 594: 586: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 551:André Breton 543:Lise Deharme 517: 509: 505: 483: 446:Saint-Tropez 442:Hans Hofmann 436:(Janco) and 414:Schopenhauer 375: 349: 330:Stefan Zweig 300: 283: 275: 263: 244:vacuum flask 235: 231: 226:and Spanish- 207:designed by 204: 202: 171: 147: 146: 138: 130: 125: 70:(1959-09-24) 18: 4021:1959 deaths 4016:1905 births 3643:Dušan Matić 3553:Paul Éluard 3538:René Daumal 3533:René Crevel 3474:Writers and 3430:Karel Teige 3420:Yves Tanguy 3275:Wifredo Lam 3265:Frida Kahlo 3225:Leonor Fini 3155:Luis Buñuel 3130:Bill Brandt 3105:Eileen Agar 2948:Surrealismo 2880:(In German) 2453:Metaplastic 2424:January 19, 2419:Artnet News 2356:, p. 433ff. 1697:Fata Alaska 1658:Toison d'or 1469:; his play 1463:Der Axolotl 1441:Paul Éluard 1433:Alice Rahon 1413:Octavio Paz 1332:Mill Valley 1290:Alice Rahon 1175:Julien Levy 1080:Mark Rothko 986:Julien Levy 913:Julien Levy 856:Frida Kahlo 802:appeasement 755:Alice Rahon 660:Fata Alaska 650:Alice Rahon 547:Surrealists 539:Paul Éluard 527:Alice Rahon 514:Mark Rothko 502:Paul Valéry 498:Jean Hélion 478:rue Pernety 354:World War I 334:Alma Mahler 216: [ 209:Otto Wagner 182:contingency 117:, Modernism 84:Nationality 3945:Categories 3839:Grup d'Elx 3819:Dau al Set 3673:Paul Nougé 3658:Max Morise 3653:René Ménil 3465:Unica Zürn 3340:Lee Miller 3091:Surrealism 2823:Literature 2804:Christie’s 2778:Christie’s 2703:Christie's 2071:References 2043:(trad. of 1942:In English 1814:La Tempête 1664:La Balance 1579:Christie's 1572:Art market 1519:Eva Sulzer 1376:Eva Sulzer 1303:Apocalypto 1260:Venezuelan 905:César Moro 861:Eva Sulzer 804:. Besides 749:'s theory 735:vade mecum 704:Surrealism 518:Multiforms 434:Jean Varda 420:theory of 398:Eva Sulzer 256:Old Master 115:Surrealism 105:art theory 49:1905-07-22 3834:The Goons 3678:Paul Păun 3633:Léo Malet 3598:Petr Král 3568:Yvan Goll 3476:Theorists 3350:Joan Miró 3285:Dora Maar 3220:Max Ernst 3175:Gala Dalí 2495:The Getty 2386:April 22, 2002:In French 1880:L'enclume 1856:Messagers 1715:Autophage 1709:La Housse 1549:2019 the 1384:Tepoztlán 1235:Nietzsche 1160:San Ángel 1088:Totem Art 1064:Totem Art 990:San Ángel 889:Casa Azul 851:Minotaure 747:Otto Rank 638:ephemeral 506:Eupalinos 464:in 1942. 410:Nietzsche 378:Gianicolo 352:. During 282:painting 228:Sephardic 224:Ashkenazi 122:Spouse(s) 92:Education 59:, Austria 3784:Acéphale 3390:Kay Sage 3110:Jean Arp 2870:Springer 2864:(1999), 2854:(1946), 2836:(2014), 1928:Matutine 1910:Banistas 1763:Plumages 1609:Artworks 1048:totemism 885:Coyoacán 494:Hans Arp 416:and the 342:Silesian 310:Tobelbad 111:Movement 78:, Mexico 3868:Related 3375:Man Ray 3098:Artists 2889:Praeger 2183:output. 1642:1936–37 1389:Yucatán 1372:bipolar 1328:Dynaton 1052:gestalt 842:Bermuda 766:sponges 706:at the 696:Man Ray 454:bipolar 418:Gestalt 248:Junkers 3777:Groups 2921: 2913: 2905: 2876: 2844: 2528:, in: 2476:, in: 2135: 2091: 1930:, 1959 1924:, 1958 1918:, 1958 1912:(1958) 1906:, 1953 1900:, 1953 1894:, 1953 1888:, 1952 1882:, 1952 1870:, 1949 1864:, 1949 1858:, 1949 1852:, 1949 1846:, 1947 1840:, 1947 1834:, 1947 1828:, 1945 1822:, 1945 1816:, 1945 1810:, 1943 1798:, 1941 1792:, 1940 1777:, 1939 1765:, 1938 1759:, 1938 1753:, 1938 1747:, 1938 1741:, 1938 1735:, 1938 1723:, 1938 1717:, 1938 1705:, 1937 1699:, 1937 1693:, 1937 1678:, 1937 1672:, 1937 1666:, 1937 1660:, 1937 1654:, 1936 1648:, 1936 1618:, 1933 1493:Legacy 1475:Stalin 687:Fumage 677:, 1937 634:fumage 583:fumage 520:) and 426:Cassis 303:Styria 280:Titian 242:, the 236:Paalen 232:Pollak 198:Vienna 152:Vienna 133:1947: 57:Vienna 3440:Toyen 2617:(PDF) 1417:Taxco 1316:Polio 1272:Olmec 1192:fugue 648:with 390:Greek 346:Żagań 295:Sagan 220:] 156:Taxco 76:Taxco 3920:Dada 2919:ISBN 2911:ISBN 2903:ISBN 2874:ISBN 2842:ISBN 2812:2023 2786:2023 2760:2023 2735:2023 2710:2014 2648:2014 2625:2014 2598:The 2503:2019 2459:and 2426:2022 2388:2013 2133:ISBN 2089:ISBN 1820:Gyra 1630:1935 1624:1934 1439:and 1411:and 1378:and 1354:and 1322:and 1296:and 1196:jazz 1194:and 1110:and 1082:and 984:and 976:and 932:and 698:and 549:and 496:and 392:and 360:and 65:Died 43:Born 1535:DYN 1458:DYN 1306:). 1139:VVV 1134:DYN 1108:DYN 1094:by 1018:DYN 1002:DYN 877:DYN 504:'s 262:'s 234:to 173:DYN 3947:: 2897:: 2802:. 2776:. 2751:. 2726:. 2701:. 2493:. 2455:, 2417:. 2405:^ 2379:. 1784:II 1568:. 1546:. 1538:, 1529:. 1465:, 1435:, 1431:, 1339:. 1292:, 1078:, 1074:, 1070:, 1050:, 968:, 964:, 960:, 928:, 924:, 920:, 820:; 662:. 432:, 412:, 408:, 324:, 286:. 218:de 139:3. 131:2. 126:1. 3083:e 3076:t 3069:v 2891:. 2814:. 2788:. 2762:. 2737:. 2712:. 2687:. 2673:. 2650:. 2627:. 2589:. 2505:. 2428:. 2390:. 2141:. 1685:I 1242:. 585:( 516:( 51:) 47:(

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index