1411:
306:
selected for their literacy campaign (1979–1991), before any other southern languages. Welaytta pride in their written language led to a fiercely hostile response in 1998 when the
Ethiopian government distributed textbooks written in Wegagoda – an artificial language based on amalgamating Wolaytta
301:
first devised a system for writing it. The writing system was later revised by a team led by Dr. Bruce Adams. They finished translating the New
Testament in 1981 and the entire Bible in 2002. It was one of the first languages the
784:
is apparently in dispute; Adams (1983:48) and
Lamberti and Sottile (1997:23, 25-26) claim that it is implosive, thus presumably . Wakasa (2008:62) denies that this consonant is implosive, and calls it 'glottalized'. (See
1527:
250:
907:
Like other Omotic languages, the
Wolaytta language has the basic word order SOV (subject–object–verb), as shown in the following example (Wakasa 2008:1041):
1436:
1599:
780:'; it is said to be extremely rare, occurring in only one common noun, an interjection, and two proper names. The status of the sound written
310:
In speaking their language, the
Wolaytta people use many proverbs. A large collection of them, in Ethiopian script, was published in 1987 (
307:
with several closely related languages. As a result the textbooks in
Wegagoda were withdrawn and teachers returned to ones in Wolaytta.
286:
now list these as separate languages. The different communities of speakers also recognize them as separate languages. A variety called
2187:
1478:
290:
is said to be 'close' to
Wolaytta in Hayward (1990) but listed as a distinct language by Blench; however, it is not included in
1503:
1592:
1536:
1563:
379:
of
Ethiopia. Portions of the Bible were produced in 1934, the New Testament in 1981, and the entire Bible in 2002.
1283:
Adams, Bruce A. 1983. A Tagmemic
Analysis of the Wolaitta Language. Unpublished PhD. thesis, University of London.
261:. The estimates of the population vary greatly because it is not agreed where the boundaries of the language are.
2508:
2503:
2180:
1585:
49:
188:
1433:
887:
883:
869:
865:
858:
854:
842:
838:
831:
827:
754:
738:
730:
725:
704:
699:
682:
678:
668:
663:
637:
612:
589:
563:
552:
545:
537:
521:
514:
509:
494:
489:
482:
477:
454:
449:
393:
1661:
777:
1304:, ed. by Mengistu Amberber, Brett Baker and Mark Harvey, 259-290. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1335:, ed. by M. L. Bender, C. Bowen, R. Cooper, and C. Ferguson, pp. 155–164. Oxford University Press.
1297:, ed. by Voeltz, F.K. Erhard and Christa Kilian-Hatz, 49-62. Amsterdam - Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
1752:
2173:
1709:
1410:
2398:
2367:
2232:
2154:
1955:
1945:
1920:
363:
339:
333:
327:
273:
2408:
2010:
1309:
Facts about the World
Languages, an Encyclopedia of the Worlds Major Languages, Past and Present
2303:
2020:
315:
298:
106:
1608:
718:
238:
96:
2038:
1482:
8:
651:
575:
2093:
1787:
1739:
1360:
772:
for the glottal stop has been replaced by the use of the apostrophe. The sound written
768:
Three consonants require further discussion. Wakasa (2008:96f) reports that the use of
627:
531:
417:
311:
1714:
221:
2337:
2332:
2278:
1990:
1895:
1880:
1852:
1807:
1724:
1642:
467:
437:
427:
2073:
2424:
2322:
2242:
2196:
2133:
1885:
1875:
1862:
1802:
1792:
1684:
1674:
1572:
747:
422:
357:
101:
2347:
2314:
2204:
2138:
2068:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1827:
1817:
1762:
1699:
1689:
1637:
1440:
432:
264:
There are conflicting claims about how widely Wolaytta is spoken. Some hold that
242:
149:
116:
111:
88:
1290:
ed. by Richard Hayward, 406-412. London: School of Oriental and African Studies.
392:
Wakasa (2008) gives the following consonant phonemes for Wolaytta. (He also has
2484:
2457:
2450:
2429:
2403:
2362:
2283:
2260:
2250:
2227:
2222:
2103:
2083:
2078:
2063:
2058:
2048:
2043:
2033:
2028:
1995:
1965:
1960:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1915:
1910:
1900:
1890:
1822:
1812:
1797:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1719:
1704:
1632:
1567:
1453:
1271:
351:
345:
314:) by the Academy of Ethiopian Languages. Fikre Alemayehu's 2012 MA thesis from
258:
141:
60:
1101:
Nouns used adjectivally precede the nouns that they modify (Wakasa 2008:1044)
2497:
2377:
2372:
2327:
2293:
2288:
2270:
2255:
2217:
2212:
2113:
2108:
2098:
2088:
2053:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1950:
1940:
1905:
1870:
1832:
1747:
1694:
1622:
1311:, ed. by J. Garry and C. Rubino, ed., 809-15. New York - Dublin: H.W. Wilson.
810:
376:
269:
265:
246:
2464:
2005:
1757:
1729:
167:
45:
1398:
1321:
Lamberti, Marcello and Roberto Sottile. 1997. "The Wolaytta Language". In
1300:
Amha, Azeb. 2010. Compound verbs and ideophones in Wolaitta revisited. In
1000:
It has postpositional phrases, which precede the verb (Wakasa 2008:1042):
205:
1090:
my-brother-NOM.M.SG. book-ABS.M.SG. his:own-friend-OBL.M.SG.-from borrow-
805:
78:
73:
1577:
1403:
822:
815:
444:
278:
1168:
Numerals precede the nouns that they quantify over (Wakasa 2008:1045)
876:
849:
786:
283:
214:
198:
180:
1302:
Complex Predicates: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives on Event Structure
2165:
1314:
Amha, Azeb, 1996. Tone-accent and prosodic domains in Wolaitta. In
254:
35:
1679:
1669:
1627:
1293:
Amha, Azeb. 2001. Ideophones and compound verbs in Wolaitta. In
318:
provides an analysis of Wolaytta proverbs and their functions.
297:
Wolaytta has existed in written form since the 1940s, when the
797:
Wolaytta has five vowels, which appear both long and short:
1529:
A Descriptive Study of the Modern Wolaytta Language Authors
303:
1535:(Doctoral thesis). The University of Tokyo. Archived from
1443:(University of Edinburgh: Ph.D. Thesis, 2003), pp. 250-258
404:
show the Latin alphabet, where this differs from the IPA:
1573:
Collection of Wolaytta proverbs with Amharic translations
1504:"An analysis of Wolayta proverbs: Function in focus"
1254:
child-NOM.M.SG two-OBL female-OBL people-ABS.PL see-
251:
Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region
1340:
A Descriptive Study of the Modern Wolaytta Language
1331:Ohman, Walter and Hailu Fulass. 1976. Welamo. In
1286:Adams, Bruce A. 1990. Name nouns in Wolaitta. In
2495:
1240:
1087:ta-7ish-ái maxááp-aa ba-lágg-iya-ppe tall7-íis.
1076:
975:
276:are also dialects, but most sources, including
1147:
2181:
1593:
1097:"My brother borrowed a book from his friend."
375:The language is the official language in the
989:child-NOM.M.SG. one-OBL. book-ABS.M.SG. buy-
1295:Ideophones. Typological Studies in Language
2188:
2174:
1600:
1586:
321:
1607:
1328:: pp. 79–86. Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe.
1184:
1128:
1056:
1036:
1016:
955:
923:
1244:
1221:
1188:
1180:
1132:
1124:
1080:
1060:
1040:
1032:
1020:
1012:
979:
959:
951:
927:
919:
776:is described by Wakasa (2008:44) as a '
2496:
1525:
1394:
1251:na7-ái naa77-ú mácc-a 7as-atá be7-íis.
2169:
1581:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1225:
2195:
1479:"Good Amharic Books | Welcome!"
1342:. Ph.D. thesis. University of Tokyo.
1210:
1199:
1113:
1052:
939:
396:, but these are consonant clusters,
1323:Studia Linguarum Africae Orientalis
257:. It is the native language of the
13:
1564:World Atlas of Language Structures
1371:
1277:
986:na7-ái 7iss-í maxááp-aa shamm-íis.
370:
16:Omotic language spoken in Ethiopia
14:
2520:
1557:
1434:"Ethnicity and Power in Ethiopia"
1158:
1143:
789:for more on such discrepancies.)
1454:"Ethiopian – Calendar Converter"
1409:
1307:Amha, Azeb. 2001. Wolaitta. In
1255:
1236:
1091:
1072:
990:
971:
1519:
1496:
1471:
1446:
1426:
1417:
1353:
1316:Studies in African Linguistics
402:⟨angle brackets⟩
1:
1346:
902:
387:
1157:good-OBL life-ABS.M.SG live-
745:
716:
690:
649:
624:
601:
573:
528:
502:
465:
442:
382:
249:and some other parts of the
148:Latin taught in schools and
7:
1265:
778:nasalized glottal fricative
10:
2525:
1526:Wakasa, Motomichi (2008).
1458:www.calendar-converter.com
897:
398:⟨m7, n7, l7⟩
2478:
2442:
2417:
2391:
2355:
2346:
2313:
2302:
2269:
2241:
2203:
2147:
2126:
2019:
1861:
1738:
1660:
1651:
1615:
1338:Wakasa, Motomichi. 2008.
792:
746:
717:
650:
574:
466:
443:
414:
212:
196:
178:
173:
163:Official language in
161:
156:
138:
85:
76:: 2.7 million (2022)
67:
55:
41:
31:
26:
21:
2155:Ethiopian sign languages
1318:25(2), pp. 111–138.
1261:"The boy saw two women."
996:"The boy bought a book."
1288:Omotic Language Studies
1154:ló77-o dé7-uwa de7-áis.
322:Lexical similarity with
2509:North Omotic languages
316:Addis Ababa University
299:Sudan Interior Mission
2504:Languages of Ethiopia
1609:Languages of Ethiopia
1164:"I live a good life."
498:⟨7 / '⟩
239:North Omotic language
1333:Language in Ethiopia
245:group spoken in the
411:
1616:Official languages
1439:2011-08-13 at the
774:⟨nh⟩
708:⟨zh⟩
686:⟨nh⟩
672:⟨sh⟩
593:⟨ch⟩
557:⟨dh⟩
541:⟨ph⟩
407:
312:Ethiopian calendar
235:Wolayttatto Doonaa
27:Wolayttatto Doonaa
2491:
2490:
2485:extinct languages
2474:
2473:
2438:
2437:
2163:
2162:
2127:Foreign languages
2122:
2121:
1407:(27th ed., 2024)
895:
894:
782:⟨D⟩
770:⟨7⟩
766:
765:
734:⟨y⟩
694:
658:
641:⟨c⟩
630:
616:⟨j⟩
605:
582:
567:⟨q⟩
549:⟨x⟩
534:
506:
474:
228:
227:
2516:
2353:
2352:
2311:
2310:
2197:Omotic languages
2190:
2183:
2176:
2167:
2166:
1710:Sebat Bet Gurage
1658:
1657:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1579:
1578:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1534:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1481:. Archived from
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1450:
1444:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1396:
1363:
1357:
1257:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1227:
1223:
1212:
1201:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1160:
1149:
1145:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1115:
1093:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1022:
1018:
1014:
992:
981:
977:
973:
961:
957:
953:
941:
929:
925:
921:
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885:
871:
867:
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856:
844:
840:
833:
829:
800:
799:
783:
775:
771:
756:
740:
735:
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727:
709:
706:
701:
692:
687:
684:
680:
673:
670:
665:
656:
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617:
614:
603:
594:
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580:
568:
565:
558:
554:
550:
547:
542:
539:
530:
523:
516:
511:
504:
499:
496:
491:
484:
479:
472:
456:
451:
412:
406:
403:
399:
395:
224:
208:
201:
192:
191:
183:
144:
91:
19:
18:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2470:
2434:
2413:
2399:Kachama-Ganjule
2387:
2368:Gamo-Gofa-Dawro
2342:
2305:
2298:
2265:
2237:
2199:
2194:
2164:
2159:
2143:
2118:
2015:
1946:Kachama-Ganjule
1921:Gamo-Gofa-Dawro
1857:
1734:
1653:
1647:
1611:
1606:
1566:information on
1560:
1555:
1554:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1524:
1520:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1501:
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1488:
1486:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1441:Wayback Machine
1432:Sarah Vaughan,
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1408:
1397:
1372:
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1366:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1280:
1278:Further reading
1268:
1263:
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1203:
1192:
1173:
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1136:
1117:
1106:
1099:
1085:
1065:
1051:his:own-friend-
1048:ba-lágg-iya-ppe
1045:
1025:
1005:
998:
984:
964:
944:
932:
912:
905:
900:
795:
781:
773:
769:
733:
707:
685:
671:
640:
615:
592:
566:
556:
548:
540:
497:
401:
397:
390:
385:
373:
371:Language status
324:
274:Gamo-Gofa-Dawro
220:
204:
197:
187:
186:
179:
164:
157:Official status
150:Ethiopic script
145:
140:
134:
92:
89:Language family
87:
77:
70:
69:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
2522:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2489:
2488:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2454:
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2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2427:
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2409:Zayse-Zergulla
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2401:
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2215:
2209:
2207:
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2193:
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2185:
2178:
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2160:
2158:
2157:
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2149:
2148:Sign languages
2145:
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2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
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2031:
2025:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2011:Zayse-Zergulla
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
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1558:External links
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1272:Welayta people
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259:Welayta people
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174:Language codes
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152:used by adults
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142:Writing system
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2140:
2137:
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2125:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
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2100:
2097:
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2087:
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2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:Kacipo-Balesi
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
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1969:
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1562:
1561:
1542:on 2012-04-26
1538:
1531:
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1522:
1505:
1499:
1485:on 2013-03-15
1484:
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1459:
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848:
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837:
835:
826:
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802:
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749:
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436:
434:
431:
429:
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424:
421:
419:
416:
413:
410:
405:
380:
378:
377:Wolayita Zone
365:
362:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
325:
319:
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308:
305:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:
275:
271:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:Wolayita Zone
244:
240:
236:
232:
223:
219:
217:
216:
211:
207:
203:
200:
195:
190:
185:
182:
177:
172:
169:
166:
160:
155:
151:
147:
143:
137:
123:
120:
119:
118:
115:
114:
113:
110:
109:
108:
105:
104:
103:
100:
99:
98:
94:
90:
84:
80:
75:
72:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
44:
40:
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2480:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2382:
2021:Nilo-Saharan
2000:
1662:Ethiosemitic
1544:. Retrieved
1537:the original
1528:
1521:
1510:. Retrieved
1498:
1487:. Retrieved
1483:the original
1473:
1461:. Retrieved
1457:
1448:
1428:
1419:
1402:
1355:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1260:
1253:
1250:
1234:
1231:
1219:
1216:
1208:
1205:
1197:
1194:
1178:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1156:
1153:
1141:
1138:
1122:
1119:
1111:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1070:
1067:
1050:
1047:
1030:
1027:
1010:
1007:
999:
995:
988:
985:
969:
966:
949:
946:
937:
934:
917:
914:
906:
796:
767:
408:
400:.) Items in
391:
374:
309:
296:
291:
287:
277:
263:
234:
230:
229:
213:
168:Wolaita Zone
121:
97:Afro-Asiatic
59:2.8 million
46:Wolaita Zone
1936:Hamer-Banna
1011:my-brother-
719:Approximant
2498:Categories
1546:2011-12-04
1512:2019-09-18
1489:2013-02-03
1423:Abebe 2002
1404:Ethnologue
1359:1994/1995
1347:References
1068:tall7-íis.
1008:ta-7ish-ái
967:shamm-íis.
903:Word order
409:Consonants
388:Consonants
330:79% to 93%
292:Ethnologue
279:Ethnologue
2483:indicate
2094:Nyangatom
2039:Daatsʼiin
1991:Shekkacho
1788:Daasanach
1654:languages
1463:26 August
1361:Gregorian
1028:maxááp-aa
947:maxááp-aa
787:implosive
657:voiceless
652:Fricative
581:voiceless
576:Affricate
473:voiceless
383:Phonology
284:ISO 639-3
215:Glottolog
199:ISO 639-3
181:ISO 639-2
56:Ethnicity
2383:Wolaitta
2338:Shinasha
2333:Shakacho
2279:Bambassi
2001:Wolaitta
1881:Bambassi
1853:Xamtanga
1808:Kambaata
1740:Cushitic
1725:Tigrinya
1652:Regional
1643:Tigrinya
1568:Wolaytta
1437:Archived
1399:Wolaitta
1266:See also
1232:be7-íis.
1139:de7-áis.
628:ejective
532:ejective
418:Bilabial
394:mˀ,nˀ,lˀ
255:Ethiopia
231:Wolaitta
222:wola1242
122:Wolaitta
81:: 90,000
36:Ethiopia
22:Wolaitta
2481:Italics
2425:Basketo
2356:Central
2323:Anfillo
2134:English
1961:Koorete
1886:Basketo
1876:Anfillo
1803:Hadiyya
1793:Dirasha
1675:Argobba
1670:Amharic
1628:Amharic
1258:.3M.SG.
1220:people-
1217:7as-atá
1209:female-
1195:naa77-ú
1120:dé7-uwa
1094:.3M.SG.
1071:borrow-
993:.3M.SG.
898:Grammar
811:Central
468:Plosive
438:Glottal
428:Palatal
358:Koorete
241:of the
117:Central
61:Welayta
2443:Others
2418:Others
2306:Omotic
2243:Dizoid
2139:Arabic
2069:Majang
1863:Omotic
1848:Tsamai
1843:Somali
1838:Sidamo
1828:Qimant
1818:Libido
1763:Arbore
1715:Siltʼe
1700:Mesqan
1690:Harari
1685:Gurage
1638:Somali
1206:mácc-a
1179:child-
1176:na7-ái
1109:ló77-o
1063:.-from
935:7iss-í
918:child-
915:na7-ái
793:Vowels
748:Rhotic
693:voiced
604:voiced
505:voiced
423:Dental
272:, and
102:Omotic
63:(2022)
42:Region
2458:Chara
2451:Bench
2430:Maale
2404:Koore
2363:Dorze
2348:Ometo
2315:Gonga
2304:North
2284:Ganza
2261:Sheko
2251:Dizin
2228:Hamer
2223:Gayil
2205:Aroid
2104:Shabo
2099:Opuuo
2084:Mursi
2079:Murle
2074:Meʼen
2064:Kwegu
2059:Kwama
2044:Gumuz
2034:Berta
2029:Anuak
2006:Yemsa
1996:Sheko
1966:Maale
1931:Gayil
1926:Ganza
1916:Dorze
1901:Chara
1891:Bench
1823:Oromo
1813:Konso
1798:Gedeo
1783:Burji
1778:Bussa
1773:Baiso
1768:Awngi
1753:Alaba
1720:Soddo
1705:Muher
1680:Geʽez
1633:Oromo
1540:(PDF)
1533:(PDF)
1507:(PDF)
1161:.1SG.
1142:live-
1123:life-
1112:good-
1031:book-
950:book-
806:Front
445:Nasal
433:Velar
352:Dorze
346:Kullo
340:Dawro
243:Ometo
237:is a
112:Ometo
107:North
2392:East
2378:Oyda
2373:Melo
2328:Kafa
2294:Seze
2289:Hozo
2256:Nayi
2233:Karo
2218:Dime
2213:Aari
2114:Uduk
2109:Suri
2089:Nuer
2054:Komo
1986:Seze
1981:Oyda
1976:Nayi
1971:Melo
1956:Karo
1951:Kafa
1941:Hozo
1911:Dizi
1906:Dime
1896:Boro
1871:Aari
1833:Saho
1748:Afar
1695:Inor
1623:Afar
1465:2017
1235:see-
1198:two-
1159:IMPF
1144:IMPF
970:buy-
938:one-
823:High
816:Back
555:(?)
364:Male
334:Gofa
328:Gamo
304:Derg
288:Laha
282:and
270:Oyda
266:Melo
233:or
2465:Yem
2271:Mao
1758:Ale
1730:Zay
1401:at
1222:ABS
1211:OBL
1200:OBL
1181:NOM
1172:ex:
1148:1SG
1125:ABS
1114:OBL
1105:ex:
1053:OBL
1033:ABS
1013:NOM
1004:ex:
952:ABS
940:OBL
920:NOM
911:ex:
877:Low
850:Mid
638:tʃʼ
366:43%
360:48%
354:80%
348:80%
342:80%
336:84%
253:of
206:wal
189:wal
48:of
2500::
1456:.
1373:^
1256:PF
1245:SG
1241:3M
1237:PF
1226:PL
1189:SG
1133:SG
1092:PF
1081:SG
1077:3M
1073:PF
1061:SG
1041:SG
1021:SG
991:PF
980:SG
976:3M
972:PF
960:SG
928:SG
888:aː
886:,
870:oː
868:,
859:eː
857:,
843:uː
841:,
832:iː
830:,
683:h̃
681:,
613:dʒ
590:tʃ
564:kʼ
551:,
546:tʼ
538:pʼ
294:.
268:,
79:L2
74:L1
2189:e
2182:t
2175:v
1601:e
1594:t
1587:v
1549:.
1515:.
1492:.
1467:.
1326:6
1247:.
1243:.
1239:.
1224:.
1187:.
1185:M
1183:.
1150:.
1146:.
1131:.
1129:M
1127:.
1083:.
1079:.
1075:.
1059:.
1057:M
1055:.
1043:.
1039:.
1037:M
1035:.
1023:.
1019:.
1017:M
1015:.
982:.
978:.
974:.
962:.
958:.
956:M
954:.
942:.
930:.
926:.
924:M
922:.
884:a
866:o
855:e
839:u
828:i
755:r
739:w
731:j
726:l
705:ʒ
700:z
679:h
669:ʃ
664:s
553:ɗ
522:ɡ
515:d
510:b
495:ʔ
490:k
483:t
478:p
455:n
450:m
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