20:
712:). In noisy environments such as power lines (where signals can be heavily attenuated and corrupted by noise), it is common that mutual visibility between devices in a network is not complete. In those situations, one of the nodes has to act as a relay and forward messages between those nodes that cannot communicate directly, effectively creating a "relaying" network. In G.hn, relaying is performed at the
69:
cloud depends on the radio nodes working together to create a radio network. A mesh network is reliable and offers redundancy. When one node can no longer operate, the rest of the nodes can still communicate with each other, directly or through one or more intermediate nodes. Wireless mesh networks can self form and self heal. Wireless mesh networks work with different wireless technologies including
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previously split among separate hardware-based radios: VHF voice radios for infantry units; UHF voice radios for air-to-air and ground-to-air communications; long-range HF radios for ships and ground troops; and a wideband radio capable of transmitting data at megabit speeds across a battlefield. However, JTRS program was shut down in 2012 by the US Army because the radios made by
65:
network, topology tends to be more static, so that routes computation can converge and delivery of data to their destinations can occur. Hence, this is a low-mobility centralized form of wireless ad hoc network. Also, because it sometimes relies on static nodes to act as gateways, it is not a truly all-wireless ad hoc network.
177:
racing-car telemetry, or self-organizing
Internet access for communities. An important possible application for wireless mesh networks is VoIP. By using a quality of service scheme, the wireless mesh may support routing local telephone calls through the mesh. Most applications in wireless mesh networks are similar to those in
682:
The WING project (sponsored by the
Italian Ministry of University and Research and led by CREATE-NET and Technion) developed a set of novel algorithms and protocols for enabling wireless mesh networks as the standard access architecture for next generation Internet. Particular focus has been given to
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standard) to create a robust and inexpensive infrastructure. The instantaneous connections made by the laptops are claimed by the project to reduce the need for an external infrastructure such as the
Internet to reach all areas, because a connected node could share the connection with nodes nearby. A
545:
radio within the Meraki Mini has been optimized for long-distance communication, providing coverage over 250 metres. In contrast to multi-radio long-range mesh networks with tree-based topologies and their advantages in O(n) routing, the Maraki had only one radio, which it used for both client access
127:
Wireless mesh architecture is a first step towards providing cost effective and low mobility over a specific coverage area. Wireless mesh infrastructure is, in effect, a network of routers minus the cabling between nodes. It is built of peer radio devices that do not have to be cabled to a wired port
363:
Centralized, distributed, or hybrid? - In a new SDN architecture for WMNs is explored that eliminates the need for multi-hop flooding of route information and therefore enables WMNs to easily expand. The key idea is to split network control and data forwarding by using two separate frequency bands.
139:
Wireless mesh networks is a relatively "stable-topology" network except for the occasional failure of nodes or addition of new nodes. The path of traffic, being aggregated from a large number of end users, changes infrequently. Practically all the traffic in an infrastructure mesh network is either
559:, a division of the US Navy, is prototyping and testing a scalable, secure Disruption Tolerant Mesh Network to protect strategic military assets, both stationary and mobile. Machine control applications, running on the mesh nodes, "take over", when Internet connectivity is lost. Use cases include
167:
that are too far away to reach in a single hop, resulting in a network that can span larger distances. The topology of a mesh network must be relatively stable, i.e., not too much mobility. If one node drops out of the network, due to hardware failure or any other reason, its neighbors can quickly
269:
algorithms implemented in each device allow this to happen. To implement such dynamic routing protocols, each device needs to communicate routing information to other devices in the network. Each device then determines what to do with the data it receives – either pass it on to the next device or
176:
Mesh networks may involve either fixed or mobile devices. The solutions are as diverse as communication needs, for example in difficult environments such as emergency situations, tunnels, oil rigs, battlefield surveillance, high-speed mobile-video applications on board public transport, real-time
68:
Mesh clients are often laptops, cell phones, and other wireless devices. Mesh routers forward traffic to and from the gateways, which may or may not be connected to the
Internet. The coverage area of all radio nodes working as a single network is sometimes called a mesh cloud. Access to this mesh
487:
engineers from Carson, California, successfully tested a multi-node mesh wireless network using 802.11a/b/g radios on several high speed laptops running Linux, with new features such as route precedence and preemption capability, adding different priorities to traffic service class during packet
613:
are developing a multichannel, multi-radio wireless mesh testbed, called Net-X as a proof of concept implementation of some of the multichannel protocols being developed in that group. The implementations are based on an architecture that allows some of the radios to switch channels to maintain
505:
is a consumer wireless networking protocol built on open standards and IPv6/6LoWPAN protocols. Thread's features include a secure and reliable mesh network with no single point of failure, simple connectivity and low power. Thread networks are easy to set up and secure to use with banking-class
354:
Cross-layer research is a popular current research topic where information is shared between different communications layers to increase the knowledge and current state of the network. This could facilitate development of new and more efficient protocols. A joint protocol that addresses various
135:
do. Mesh infrastructure carries data over large distances by splitting the distance into a series of short hops. Intermediate nodes not only boost the signal, but cooperatively pass data from point A to point B by making forwarding decisions based on their knowledge of the network, i.e. perform
89:
Wireless mesh radio networks were originally developed for military applications, such that every node could dynamically serve as a router for every other node. In that way, even in the event of a failure of some nodes, the remaining nodes could continue to communicate with each other, and, if
64:
refers to rich interconnection among devices or nodes. Wireless mesh networks often consist of mesh clients, mesh routers and gateways. Mobility of nodes is less frequent. If nodes constantly or frequently move, the mesh spends more time updating routes than delivering data. In a wireless mesh
498:
digital radios are incorporated into some consumer appliances, including battery-powered appliances. Zigbee radios spontaneously organize a mesh network, using specific routing algorithms; transmission and reception are synchronized. This means the radios can be off much of the time, and thus
452:
in 1997, with an ambition to use software to control radio functions - such as frequency, bandwidth, modulation and security previously baked into the hardware. This approach would allow the DoD to build a family of radios with a common software core, capable of handling functions that were
106:
networks. As the size, cost, and power requirements of radios declined further, nodes could be cost-effectively equipped with multiple radios. This, in turn, permitted each radio to handle a different function, for instance, one radio for client access, and another for backhaul services.
628:
to provide high-speed
Internet to parts of the city and designed for high performance across multiple hops. It is an inexpensive framework for sharing wireless Internet from a central provider across a town or city. A second larger implementation followed a year later near
101:
networks. This was subsequently superseded by more complex radio hardware that could receive packets from an upstream node and transmit packets to a downstream node simultaneously (on a different frequency or a different CDMA channel). This allowed the development of
674:
The SolarMESH project examined the potential of powering 802.11-based mesh networks using solar power and rechargeable batteries. Legacy 802.11 access points were found to be inadequate due to the requirement that they be continuously powered. The
240:. This makes for a shorter travel distance for the signal, reducing latency, and also allows for the constellation to operate with far fewer earth stations than would be required for an equal number of traditional communications satellites. The
444:
In 1998–1999, a field implementation of a campus-wide wireless network using 802.11 WaveLAN 2.4 GHz wireless interface on several laptops was successfully completed. Several real applications, mobility and data transmissions were
355:
design problems—routing, scheduling, channel assignment etc.—can achieve higher performance since these problems are strongly co-related. Note that careless cross-layer design can lead to code that is difficult to maintain and extend.
235:
operate as a mesh network, with wireless links between adjacent satellites. Calls between two satellite phones are routed through the mesh, from one satellite to another across the constellation, without having to go through an
593:
Broadband-Hamnet, a mesh networking project used in amateur radio, is "a high-speed, self-discovering, self-configuring, fault-tolerant, wireless computer network" with very low power consumption and a focus on emergency
1997:
471:
was developed in 2004 as a response to the lack of broadband
Internet, where commercial Internet providers weren't providing a connection or a very poor one. Nowadays with more than 30,000 nodes it is only halfway a
290:. With more radio bands, communication throughput is likely to increase as a result of more available communication channels. This is similar to providing dual or multiple radio paths to transmit and receive data.
553:, Monterey CA, demonstrated such wireless mesh networks for border security. In a pilot system, aerial cameras kept aloft by balloons relayed real time high resolution video to ground personnel via a mesh network.
440:
to accomplish wireless transcontinental digital communications. With the development of the
Internet, portals into and out of other IP networks facilitated 'tunnels' to reach packet networks in other parts of the
198:
now being deployed on residences, transfer their readings from one to another and eventually to the central office for billing, without the need for human meter readers or the need to connect the meters with
282:
Multi-radio mesh refers to having different radios operating at different frequencies to interconnect nodes in a mesh. This means there is a unique frequency used for each wireless hop and thus a dedicated
376:, where clients serve as routers to forward data packets, is exposed to many types of attacks that can interrupt the whole network and cause denial of service (DoS) or Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS).
155:
This type of infrastructure can be decentralized (with no central server) or centrally managed (with a central server). Both are relatively inexpensive, and can be very reliable and resilient, as each
1645:
690:(FOKUS) in Berlin. Powered by solar cells and designed to support all existing wireless technologies, networks are due to be rolled out to several countries in sub-Saharan Africa in summer 2012.
364:
The forwarding nodes and the SDN controller exchange link-state information and other network control signaling in one of the bands, while actual data forwarding takes place in the other band.
1740:"Optimum Antenna Configuration for Maximizing Access Point Range of an IEEE 802.11 Wireless Mesh Network in Support of Multimission Operations Relative to Hastily Formed Scalable Deployments"
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and Wave Relay mesh networks have the option to communicate node to node on 5.2 GHz or 5.8 GHz, but communicate node to client on 2.4 GHz (802.11). This is accomplished using
1674:
206:
program use wireless mesh networking to enable students to exchange files and get on the
Internet even though they lack wired or cell phone or other physical connections in their area.
1631:
448:
Mesh networks were useful for the military market because of the radio capability, and because not all military missions have frequently moving nodes. The
Pentagon launched the DoD
2156:"TropOS is field-proven for creating scalable network architecture - TropOS Technology | Unified Network Management (Wireless Mesh Network Communication Solutions | ABB Wireless)"
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standardization efforts are considering power save options, but solar-powered applications might involve single radio nodes where relay-link power saving will be inapplicable.
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interference and traffic-aware channel assignment, multi-radio/multi-interface support, and opportunistic scheduling and traffic aggregation in highly volatile environments.
147:
If rate of mobility among nodes are high, i.e., link breaks happen frequently, wireless mesh networks start to break down and have low communication performance.
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2106:
1480:
Abolhasan, Mehran; Lipman, Justin; Ni, Wei; Hagelstein, Brett (July 2015). "Software-defined wireless networking: centralized, distributed, or hybrid?".
687:
1649:
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2155:
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Cheng, Shin-Ming; Lin, Phone; Huang, Di-Wei; Yang, Shun-Ren (July 2006). "A study on distributed/Centralized scheduling for wireless mesh network".
2110:
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scheme allows mobile clients to roam in the network without interruption in connectivity, a feature suitable for real-time applications, such as
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radio that, at any one instant, could either transmit or receive, but not both at the same time. This was accompanied by the development of
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Diagram showing a possible configuration for a wired–wireless mesh network, connected upstream via a VSAT link (click to enlarge)
298:
One of the more often cited papers on wireless mesh networks identified the following areas as open research problems in 2005:
1402:
Pathak, P. H.; Dutta, R. (2011). "A Survey of
Network Design Problems and Joint Design Approaches in Wireless Mesh Networks".
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spanned most of North America. The emerging network allowed a licensed operator using merely an early laptop computer such as
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2131:
1905:
1571:
1045:
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801:
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1200:
965:
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2187:
1590:"C. Toh - Experimenting with an Ad Hoc wireless network on campus: insights and experiences, ACM SIGMETRICS Review, 2000"
2254:– Amateur Radio Emergency Data network, a mesh networking application used for emergency data and information handling
2081:
1976:
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technologies is further investigated, since their complexity and cost are still too high for wide commercialization.
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858:
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Proceedings of the 8th ACM Symposium on Performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc, sensor, and ubiquitous networks
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scheduling and routing, and quality of service. Their work concluded that data rate can be greatly enhanced using
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used should attempt to always ensure that the data takes the most appropriate (fastest) route to its destination.
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258:
241:
2184:
Comparative Ratings for popular wireless mesh network providers, specific to mission-critical military programs.
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2245:
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Recent standards for wired communications have also incorporated concepts from Mesh Networking. An example is
779:
284:
1713:
1354:
2328:
1015:
578:) which is intended for disadvantaged schools in developing nations and uses mesh networking (based on the
372:
A WMN can be seen as a group of nodes (clients or routers) that cooperate to provide connectivity. Such an
2012:
730:
There are more than 70 competing schemes for routing packets across mesh networks. Some of these include:
344:
Tremendous efforts on research of frequency-agile techniques are being performed for increased efficiency.
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606:
449:
874:
807:
388:
36:
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digital communications networks in Canada in 1978 and the US in 1980. By 1984, the volunteer-operated
2349:
1106:
Cagalj, M.; Ganeriwal, S.; Aad, I.; Hubaux, J.-P. (2005). "On selfish behavior in CSMA/CA networks".
970:
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601:(CUWiN) project is developing mesh networking software based on open source implementations of the
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228:. Several manufacturers of Wi-Fi routers began offering mesh routers for home use in the mid-2010s.
178:
141:
2271:
2029:
1010:
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encryption to close security holes that exist in other wireless protocols. In 2014 Google Inc's
54:
2054:
Lee, Y. J.; Riley, G. F. (March 2005). "Dynamic NIx-vector routing for mobile ad hoc networks".
1233:
Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Wireless communications and mobile computing
1107:
2299:
2277:
2194: (archived 2017-08-29) - Draft research paper describing the Roofnet wireless mesh project.
1746:
1671:"Next-Generation Tactical Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks, TRW Technology Review Journal, 2004"
1109:
Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies
767:
668:
625:
421:
2218:
Robin Chase talks at the Ted conference about the future of mesh networking and eco-technology
1525:"Analysis of Denial of Service Impact on Data Routing in Mobile eHealth Wireless Mesh Network"
1313:
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similar concept has also been implemented by Greenpacket with its application called SONbuddy.
1285:
1278:
1273:
990:
839:
132:
2242:– Text messaging, file sharing and voice calls independent of Internet and cellular networks
1335:
265:– data hops from one device to another until it eventually reaches its destination. Dynamic
995:
590:” to run mobile live television, radio and Internet services to an estimated 80,000 people.
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429:
413:
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To achieve higher transmission rate requires new wideband transmission schemes other than
8:
1089:
409:
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322:
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multi-hop wireless mesh network developed by the Distributed System and Networks Lab at
473:
2317:
2290:
Akyildiz, Ian. F.; Xudong Wang (September 2005). "A Survey on Wireless Mesh Networks".
2137:
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1419:
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1179:
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1081:
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Huang, J.; Palomar, D. P.; Mandayam, N.; Walrand, J.; Wicker, S. B.; Basar, T. (2008).
755:(a distance-vector routing protocol for IPv6 and IPv4 with fast convergence properties)
709:
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160:
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methods to analyze strategies for the allocation of resources and routing of packets.
81:, cellular technologies and need not be restricted to any one technology or protocol.
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1437:
Kawadia, V.; Kumar, P.R. (2005). "A cautionary perspective on cross-layer design".
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2016:
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189:
47:
1646:""Everyone is a node: How Wi-Fi Mesh Networking work by Jerry Hildenbrand, 2016"
1523:
Alanazi, Shaker; Saleem, Kashif; Al-Muhtadi, Jalal; Derhab, Abdelouahid (2016).
1120:
824:
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network connectivity, and includes protocols for channel allocation and routing.
19:
1274:"The Rooftop Community Network: Free High-Speed Network Access for Communities"
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310:
2313:
2063:
1881:"Broadband-Hamnet wins International Association of Emergency Managers Awards"
1493:
1218:
Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications: Proceedings of WCNA 2014
624:, city-scale, wireless mesh networking system originally developed in 2009 in
460:
Google Home, Google Wi-Fi, and Google OnHub all support Wi-Fi mesh networking.
2343:
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Article reprint from Mission Critical Magazine on Mesh in underground mining
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conserve power. Zigbee is for low power low bandwidth application scenarios.
144:
or client mesh networks the traffic flows between arbitrary pairs of nodes.
1589:
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851:
819:
Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (IETF ROLL RPL protocol,
783:
746:
579:
538:
527:
523:
515:
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221:
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to connect their computers, mainly ruggedized laptops, in field operations.
164:
129:
2107:"A Layered Routing Architecture for Infrastructure Wireless Mesh Networks"
1998:
The Need for Access Point Power Saving in Solar Powered WLAN Mesh Networks
1605:
782:(Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol, the default mandatory routing protocol of
637:
pay model to support network growth. Both projects were undertaken by the
2331:
Projects and tutorials' compilation related to the Wireless Mesh Networks
2236:
Projects and tutorials' compilation related to the Wireless Mesh Networks
2123:
1972:
1588:
Toh, C. -K; Chen, Richard; Delwar, Minar; Allen, Donald (December 2000).
245:
111:
98:
94:
78:
74:
70:
2248:- Mesh networking application on 2.4 GHz spectrum for amateur radio
398:
Other projects, often proprietary or tied to a single institution, are:
2215:
1154:"Competition, cooperation, and optimization in Multi-Hop CSMA networks"
476:, but following a peer to peer agreement it remained an open, free and
392:
2230:
Hybrid mesh networks for military, homeland security and public safety
2209:
2072:
1996:
Terence D. Todd, Amir A. Sayegh, Mohammed N. Smadi, and Dongmei Zhao.
1692:
936:
931:
663:
Many mesh networks operate across multiple radio bands. For example,
519:
507:
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271:
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technology at the radio front end to provide multiple spatial paths.
2200:
Wireless Mesh Network distribution based on the roofnet source code
1868:
947:
926:
921:
915:
664:
634:
586:
In Cambridge, UK, on 3 June 2006, mesh networking was used at the “
484:
402:
262:
1565:"C. Toh, Mobile Computing - Network without infrastructures, 1999"
1207:, in IEEE Wireless Communications, vol 10, 5 pp 8-14. October 2003
887:
Proactive Autoconfiguration (Proactive Autoconfiguration Protocol)
1040:
Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks, Prentice Hall Publishers, 2002.
1005:
676:
653:
511:
417:
266:
2233:
1717:
810:(OrderOne Routing Protocol) (OrderOne Networks Routing Protocol)
2206:
History and evolution of Wireless Mesh Networking Architectures
1271:
700:, a standard that specifies a high-speed (up to 1 Gbit/s)
645:
638:
556:
542:
495:
454:
2197:
2112:
2009 Fifth International Conference on Networking and Services
2009:
1272:
Beyer, Dave; Vestrich, Mark; Garcia-Luna-Aceves, Jose (1999).
686:
WiBACK Wireless Backhaul Technology has been developed by the
1522:
941:
910:
795:
694:
617:
40:
2056:
IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2005
792:(IWMP) for Infrastructure Mesh Networks by GRECO UFPB-Brazil
546:
and backhaul traffic. In 2012, Meraki was acquired by Cisco.
2188:
Architecture and Evaluation of the MIT Roofnet Mesh Network
2105:
Porto, D. C. F.; Cavalcanti, G.; Elias, G. (1 April 2009).
1479:
1056:
905:
880:
Mesh network specific autoconfiguration protocols include:
870:
847:
761:
697:
657:
609:
metric. Additionally, the Wireless Networking Group in the
489:
1819:
159:
needs only transmit as far as the next node. Nodes act as
248:
and operates as a mesh network providing global coverage.
2251:
1105:
405:
was first used in Hawaii in 1971 to connect the islands.
2239:
1379:"Iridium Communications Network and Satellite Coverage"
136:
routing by first deriving the topology of the network.
2274:
History and evolution of Mesh Networking Architectures
2212:
Investigating Fundamental Performance Limits of MANETS
2272:
First, Second and Third Generation Mesh Architectures
2204:
First, Second and Third Generation Mesh Architectures
1355:"Wireless mesh networks: Everything you need to know"
395:
projects across the world at various points in time.
2104:
1737:
2289:
1947:
688:
Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems
2221:
1587:
1277:
1230:
850:has developed a set of standards under the title
408:Amateur radio operators began experimenting with
90:necessary, serve as uplinks for the other nodes.
2341:
2224:Decentralised ad-hoc wireless mesh communication
2216:Robin Chase discusses Zipcar and Mesh networking
1847:. cambridgeshiretouristguide.com. Archived from
1430:
1198:"The nominal capacity of wireless mesh networks"
1151:
1066:IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
270:keep it, depending on the protocol. The routing
110:Work in this field has been aided by the use of
2335:Linux Wireless Subsystem (80211) by Rami Rosen
1152:Shi, Zhefu; Beard, Cory; Mitchell, Ken (2011).
764:(Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing)
93:Early wireless mesh network nodes had a single
869:Standard autoconfiguration protocols, such as
864:
2210:DARPA's ITMANET program and the FLoWS Project
749:(Better Approach To Mobile Ad hoc Networking)
510:announced a working group with the companies
168:find another route using a routing protocol.
1594:ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
1436:
894:
188:U.S. military forces are now using wireless
1404:IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
1401:
1333:
1224:
830:PWRP (Predictive Wireless Routing Protocol)
599:Champaign-Urbana Community Wireless Network
2058:. Vol. 4. pp. 1995–2001 Vol. 4.
611:University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
541:launched a mini wireless mesh router. The
226:Wi-Fi mesh (i.e., Wi-Fi ad hoc) networking
2303:
2071:
1820:"SONbuddy : Network without Network"
1540:
1352:
918:(DE) / FunkFeuer (AT) / OpenWireless (CH)
890:Dynamic WMN Configuration Protocol (DWCP)
140:forwarded to or from a gateway, while in
2053:
603:Hazy-Sighted Link State Routing Protocol
244:, consists of 66 active satellites in a
18:
16:Radio nodes organized in a mesh topology
804:(Optimized Link State Routing protocol)
233:communications satellite constellations
2342:
1395:
1334:Hildenbrand, Jerry (13 October 2016).
1059:"Game Theory in Communication Systems"
1033:
1031:
836:(Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm)
798:(On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol)
418:Amateur Packet Radio Network (AMPRNet)
321:Advanced antenna processing including
163:to transmit data from nearby nodes to
2098:
976:Comparison of wireless data standards
857:A less thorough list can be found at
790:Infrastructure Wireless Mesh Protocol
360:Software-defined wireless networking
2228:Dynamic And Persistent Mesh Networks
1716:. belairnetworks.com. Archived from
1276:. In Hurley, D.; Keller, J. (eds.).
966:Ad hoc wireless distribution service
884:Ad Hoc Configuration Protocol (AHCP)
725:
257:The principle is similar to the way
1771:"Disruption Tolerant Mesh Networks"
1115:. Vol. 4. pp. 2513–2524.
1028:
277:
13:
1310:"ZigBee.org Smart Energy Overview"
1190:
816:(Open Shortest Path First Routing)
743:(Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector)
293:
14:
2366:
2175:
2030:"Broadband internet for everyone"
2000:. In IEEE Network, May/June 2008.
537:In early 2007, the US-based firm
1783:from the original on 2017-05-17.
1677:from the original on 2016-11-26.
1634:from the original on 2017-03-16.
1577:from the original on 2017-10-23.
1353:Fleishman, Glenn (May 5, 2020).
877:may be used over mesh networks.
875:IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration
859:list of ad hoc routing protocols
2263:How Wireless Mesh Networks Work
2148:
2047:
2036:from the original on 2013-06-05
2022:
2003:
1990:
1979:from the original on 2007-11-02
1965:
1954:from the original on 2008-02-22
1940:
1916:
1898:
1887:from the original on 2015-07-03
1873:
1862:
1837:
1826:from the original on 2008-02-18
1812:
1801:from the original on 2008-03-05
1787:
1763:
1731:
1706:
1681:
1663:
1638:
1620:
1581:
1557:
1516:
1473:
1371:
1346:
1327:
758:Dynamic NIx-Vector Routing|DNVR
641:users of the respective cities.
242:Iridium satellite constellation
171:
122:
1416:10.1109/SURV.2011.060710.00062
1336:"How Wi-Fi mesh networks work"
1302:
1265:
1210:
1145:
1099:
1050:
1:
1628:"B. Brewin - JTRS Shuts Down"
1022:
150:
2329:Mesh Networks Research Group
2292:IEEE Communications Magazine
2258:Wireless LAN Mesh Whitepaper
2234:Mesh Networks Research Group
1691:. meraki.com. Archived from
1439:IEEE Wireless Communications
1016:Wireless distribution system
720:
704:using existing home wiring (
318:Advanced antenna processing
252:
7:
2010:http://www.wing-project.org
1924:"Wireless Networking Group"
1906:"Wireless Networking Group"
1845:"Cambridge Strawberry Fair"
1795:"XO-1 Mesh Network Details"
1121:10.1109/INFCOM.2005.1498536
958:
865:Autoconfiguration protocols
735:Associativity-Based Routing
607:Expected Transmission Count
389:wireless community networks
382:
184:Some current applications:
117:
53:. It can also be a form of
10:
2371:
2278:Miners Give a Nod to Nodes
1529:Mobile Information Systems
570:project has developed the
480:with extensive redundancy.
84:
2314:10.1109/MCOM.2005.1509968
2286:From hotspots to blankets
2064:10.1109/WCNC.2005.1424825
1738:Robert Lee Lounsbury Jr.
1714:"Muni WiFi Mesh Networks"
1494:10.1109/MNET.2015.7166188
971:Bluetooth mesh networking
895:Communities and providers
776:(Hazy-Sighted Link State)
551:Naval Postgraduate School
1869:www.broadband-hamnet.org
1451:10.1109/MWC.2005.1404568
1078:10.1109/jsac.2008.080902
770:(Dynamic Source Routing)
650:Johns Hopkins University
563:e.g. smart drone swarms.
350:Cross-layer optimization
261:travel around the wired
179:wireless ad hoc networks
142:wireless ad hoc networks
1241:10.1145/1143549.1143668
1196:J. Jun, M.L. Sichitiu,
1166:10.1145/2069063.2069084
1011:Wireless ad hoc network
842:(Zone Routing Protocol)
474:fully connected network
457:had a 75% failure rate.
430:handheld FM transceiver
302:New modulation schemes
55:wireless ad hoc network
2182:Battelle Institute AoA
1284:. MIT Press. pp.
669:software-defined radio
626:Jalalabad, Afghanistan
530:and the lock company
37:communications network
24:
1606:10.1145/377616.377622
991:Mobile ad hoc network
391:have been started as
196:Electric smart meters
29:wireless mesh network
22:
2124:10.1109/ICNS.2009.91
2118:. pp. 366–369.
1542:10.1155/2016/4853924
1235:. pp. 599–604.
1160:. pp. 117–120.
996:Optical mesh network
576:One Laptop per Child
204:One Laptop per Child
340:spectrum management
202:The laptops in the
2032:. eurekalert.org.
2015:2008-11-13 at the
1280:The First 100 Feet
1203:2008-07-04 at the
708:, phone lines and
702:local area network
574:laptop or "OLPC" (
561:Internet of Things
534:to promote Thread.
210:Smart home devices
133:access points (AP)
25:
2133:978-1-4244-3688-0
1752:on April 10, 2011
1046:978-0-13-007817-9
726:Routing protocols
432:operating in the
374:open architecture
218:Google Nest Wi-Fi
128:like traditional
2362:
2350:Radio technology
2325:
2307:
2246:Broadband-Hamnet
2170:
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2152:
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1994:
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1929:. Archived from
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1908:. Archived from
1902:
1896:
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1312:. Archived from
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1208:
1194:
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1142:
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1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1088:. Archived from
1072:(7): 1042–1046.
1063:
1054:
1048:
1035:
753:Babel (protocol)
426:TRS-80 Model 100
331:multiple antenna
288:collision domain
278:Multi-radio mesh
2370:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2355:Mesh networking
2340:
2339:
2305:10.1.1.133.5446
2192:Wayback Machine
2178:
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2154:
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2115:
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2023:
2017:Wayback Machine
2008:
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1995:
1991:
1982:
1980:
1975:. mcmaster.ca.
1971:
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1340:Android Central
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986:Mesh networking
961:
897:
867:
728:
723:
714:data link layer
588:Strawberry Fair
478:neutral network
434:1.25-meter band
428:and compatible
385:
296:
294:Research topics
280:
255:
190:mesh networking
174:
153:
125:
120:
87:
46:organized in a
17:
12:
11:
5:
2368:
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2298:(9): s23–s30.
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2177:
2176:External links
2174:
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2132:
2097:
2082:
2046:
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2002:
1989:
1964:
1939:
1936:on 2011-07-19.
1915:
1912:on 2009-03-28.
1897:
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1797:. laptop.org.
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1410:(3): 396–428.
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1038:Chai Keong Toh
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710:coaxial cables
691:
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631:Nairobi, Kenya
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1950:. smesh.org.
1949:
1943:
1932:
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1911:
1907:
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1734:
1720:on 2008-03-02
1719:
1715:
1709:
1695:on 2008-02-19
1694:
1690:
1689:"Meraki Mesh"
1684:
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1652:on 2017-08-04
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1316:on 2011-03-15
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1295:0-262-58160-4
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104:switched mesh
100:
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2240:Qaul Project
2198:WING Project
2163:. Retrieved
2159:
2150:
2111:
2100:
2055:
2049:
2038:. Retrieved
2024:
2005:
1992:
1981:. Retrieved
1967:
1956:. Retrieved
1942:
1931:the original
1918:
1910:the original
1900:
1889:. Retrieved
1875:
1864:
1853:. Retrieved
1849:the original
1839:
1828:. Retrieved
1814:
1803:. Retrieved
1789:
1765:
1754:. Retrieved
1747:the original
1733:
1722:. Retrieved
1718:the original
1708:
1697:. Retrieved
1693:the original
1683:
1665:
1654:. Retrieved
1650:the original
1640:
1622:
1600:(3): 21–29.
1597:
1593:
1583:
1559:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1488:(4): 32–38.
1485:
1482:IEEE Network
1481:
1475:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1386:. Retrieved
1383:Roadpost USA
1382:
1373:
1362:. Retrieved
1358:
1348:
1339:
1329:
1318:. Retrieved
1314:the original
1304:
1279:
1267:
1232:
1226:
1217:
1212:
1192:
1157:
1147:
1108:
1101:
1090:the original
1069:
1065:
1052:
1001:Peer-to-peer
981:IEEE 802.11s
879:
868:
856:
845:
789:
784:IEEE 802.11s
747:B.A.T.M.A.N.
729:
677:IEEE 802.11s
644:SMesh is an
580:IEEE 802.11s
528:Big Ass Fans
524:Silicon Labs
516:ARM Holdings
450:JTRS program
438:2-meter band
397:
387:A number of
386:
297:
281:
256:
232:
225:
222:Google OnHub
214:Google Wi-Fi
209:
195:
183:
175:
172:Applications
154:
146:
138:
126:
123:Architecture
109:
92:
88:
67:
61:
59:
32:
28:
26:
2160:new.abb.com
1973:"SolarMesh"
1445:(1): 3–11.
706:power lines
622:open-source
323:directional
246:polar orbit
112:game theory
99:shared mesh
95:half-duplex
39:made up of
2344:Categories
2165:2019-12-19
2073:1853/12289
2040:2012-02-16
1983:2008-04-15
1958:2008-02-23
1891:2015-05-02
1855:2008-02-23
1830:2008-02-23
1805:2008-02-23
1756:2008-02-23
1724:2008-02-23
1699:2008-02-23
1656:2017-05-11
1388:2022-06-01
1364:2018-10-09
1320:2011-03-04
1250:1595933069
1023:References
412:and later
393:grassroots
151:Management
2300:CiteSeerX
1551:1574-017X
1502:0890-8044
1459:1536-1284
1424:206583549
937:Netsukuku
932:Guifi.net
721:Protocols
652:. A fast
520:Freescale
508:Nest Labs
483:In 2004,
469:Guifi.net
465:Catalonia
463:In rural
369:Security
338:Flexible
272:algorithm
253:Operation
2142:16444897
2034:Archived
2013:Archived
1977:Archived
1952:Archived
1885:Archived
1883:. ARRL.
1824:Archived
1799:Archived
1778:Archived
1675:Archived
1632:Archived
1572:Archived
1535:: 1–19.
1201:Archived
959:See also
948:NYC Mesh
927:Firetide
922:Firechat
916:Freifunk
665:Firetide
635:freemium
485:TRW Inc.
403:ALOHAnet
383:Examples
263:Internet
224:support
212:such as
118:Features
51:topology
2190:at the
2092:2648870
1948:"SMesh"
1614:1486812
1510:1133260
1467:1303663
1359:PCWorld
1259:8584989
1139:7243361
1086:5900981
1006:Roofnet
852:802.11s
654:handoff
633:with a
512:Samsung
267:routing
259:packets
199:cables.
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