William Howard Taft

12713: 6719:, Taft hoped to prevent war through an international association of nations. With World War I raging in Europe, Taft sent Wilson a note of support for his foreign policy in 1915. President Wilson accepted Taft's invitation to address the league, and spoke in May 1916 of a postwar international organization that could prevent a repetition. Taft supported the effort to get Justice Hughes to resign from the bench and accept the Republican presidential nomination. Once this was done, Hughes tried to get Roosevelt and Taft to reconcile, as a united effort was needed to defeat Wilson. This occurred on October 3 in New York, but Roosevelt allowed only a handshake, and no words were exchanged. This was one of many difficulties for the Republicans in the campaign, and Wilson narrowly won reelection. 5232: 6341: 5739:

predecessor" and to have had a part "in the reforms he has initiated. I should be untrue to myself, to my promises, and to the declarations of the party platform on which I was elected if I did not make the maintenance and enforcement of those reforms a most important feature of my administration". He pledged to make those reforms long-lasting, ensuring that honest businessmen did not suffer uncertainty through change of policy. He spoke of the need to reduce the 1897 Dingley tariff, of the need for antitrust reform, and for continued advancement of the Philippines toward full self-government. Roosevelt left office with regret that his tenure in the position he enjoyed so much was over and, to keep out of Taft's way, arranged for a year-long hunting trip to Africa.

56: 6813:, to advise him on appointments, and the two men conferred there on December 24, 1920. By Taft's later account, after some conversation, Harding casually asked if Taft would accept appointment to the Supreme Court; if Taft would, Harding would appoint him. Taft had a condition for Harding—having served as president, and having appointed two of the present associate justices and opposed Brandeis, he could accept only the chief justice position. Harding made no response, and Taft in a thank-you note reiterated the condition and stated that Chief Justice White had often told him he was keeping the position for Taft until a Republican held the White House. In January 1921, Taft heard through intermediaries that Harding planned to appoint him, if given the chance. 750: 5844: 17541: 5800: 7145:

had lengthy backlogs, as did the Supreme Court. Immediately on taking office, Taft made it a priority to confer with Attorney General Daugherty as to new legislation, and made his case before congressional hearings, in legal periodicals and in speeches across the country. When Congress convened in December 1921, a bill was introduced for 24 new judges, to empower the Chief Justice to move judges temporarily to eliminate the delays, and to have him chair a body consisting of the senior appellate judge of each circuit. Congress objected to some aspects, requiring Taft to get the agreement of the senior judge of each involved circuit before assigning a judge, but it passed the bill in September 1922, and the

7359:, concurred: "In Taft's case, the symbol, the tag, the label usually attached to him is 'conservative.' It is certainly not of itself a term of opprobrium even when bandied by the critics, but its use is too often confused with 'reactionary.'" Most commentators agree that Taft's most significant contribution as chief justice was his advocacy for reform of the high court, urging and ultimately gaining improvement in the Court's procedures and facilities. Mason cited enactment of the Judges' Bill of 1925 as Taft's major achievement on the Court. According to Anderson, as chief justice, Taft "was as aggressive in the pursuit of his agenda in the judicial realm as Theodore Roosevelt was in the presidential". 6625:. Taft knew he would lose, but concluded that through Roosevelt's loss at Chicago the party had been preserved as "the defender of conservative government and conservative institutions." He made his doomed run to preserve conservative control of the Republican Party. Governor Woodrow Wilson was the Democratic nominee. Seeing Roosevelt as the greater electoral threat, Wilson spent little time attacking Taft, arguing that Roosevelt had been lukewarm in opposing the trusts during his presidency, and that Wilson was the true reformer. Taft contrasted what he called his "progressive conservatism" with Roosevelt's Progressive democracy, which to Taft represented "the establishment of a benevolent despotism." 5823:, noting, "it is organized on the basis of the needs of the government in 1800 instead of 1900." The department was for the first time organized into geographical divisions, including desks for the Far East, Latin America and Western Europe. The department's first in-service training program was established, and appointees spent a month in Washington before going to their posts. Taft and Secretary of State Knox had a strong relationship, and the president listened to his counsel on matters foreign and domestic. According to historian Paolo E. Coletta, Knox was not a good diplomat, and had poor relations with the Senate, press, and many foreign leaders, especially those from Latin America. 16395: 6179: 7288: 15686: 7316:

the foresight and imagination to notice the storm brewing in the political sky until it broke and swamped him?" Adept at using the levers of power in a way his successor could not, Roosevelt generally got what was politically possible out of a situation. Taft was generally slow to act, and when he did, his actions often generated enemies, as in the Ballinger–Pinchot affair. Roosevelt was able to secure positive coverage in the newspapers; Taft was reticent talking to reporters, and, with no comment from the White House, hostile journalists filled the gaps with quotes from Taft opponents. Roosevelt engraved in public memory the image of Taft as a

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the contested delegates could not vote on their own seating, they could vote on the other contested delegates, a ruling that assured Taft's nomination, as the motion offered by the Roosevelt forces failed, 567–507. As it became clear Roosevelt would bolt the party if not nominated, some Republicans sought a compromise candidate to avert electoral disaster; they failed. Taft's name was placed in nomination by Warren Harding, whose attempts to praise Taft and unify the party were met with angry interruptions from progressives. Taft was nominated on the first ballot, though most Roosevelt delegates refused to vote.

6096:, but the Chinese revoked the agreement in 1904 after the company (which was indemnified for the revocation) breached the agreement by selling a majority stake outside the United States. The Chinese imperial government got the money for the indemnity from the British Hong Kong government, on condition British subjects would be favored if foreign capital was needed to build the railroad line, and in 1909, a British-led consortium began negotiations. This came to Knox's attention in May of that year, and he demanded that U.S. banks be allowed to participate. Taft appealed personally to the Prince Regent, 6566: 13001: 6785: 1036: 7363: 17430: 16750: 4891: 7328: 6589: 17755: 5970: 694: 12747: 7324:(which placed this view in enduring form) was published after both men had left the presidency (in 1913), was intended in part to justify Roosevelt's splitting of the Republican Party, and contains not a single positive reference to the man Roosevelt had hand-picked as his successor. While Roosevelt was biased, he was not alone: every major newspaper reporter of that time who left reminiscences of Taft's presidency was critical of him. Taft replied to his predecessor's criticism with his constitutional treatise on the powers of the presidency. 6712:

former president had never forgiven for his role in the Ballinger–Pinchot affair. When hearings led to nothing discreditable about Brandeis, Taft intervened with a letter signed by himself and other former ABA presidents, stating that Brandeis was not fit to serve on the Supreme Court. Nevertheless, the Democratic-controlled Senate confirmed Brandeis. Taft and Roosevelt remained embittered; they met only once in the first three years of the Wilson presidency, at a funeral at Yale. They spoke only for a moment, politely but formally.

5052:(often called Nellie), but it was no later than 1880, when she mentioned in her diary receiving an invitation to a party from him. By 1884, they were meeting regularly, and in 1885, after an initial rejection, she agreed to marry him. The wedding took place at the Herron home on June 19, 1886. William Taft remained devoted to his wife throughout their almost 44 years of marriage. Nellie Taft pushed her husband much as his parents had, and she could be very frank with her criticisms. The couple had three children, of whom the eldest, 6551:

White House with a mandate for progressive policies that would brook no opposition. In February, Roosevelt announced he would accept the Republican nomination if it was offered to him. Taft felt that if he lost in November, it would be a repudiation of the party, but if he lost renomination, it would be a rejection of himself. He was reluctant to oppose Roosevelt, who helped make him president, but having become president, he was determined to be president, and that meant not standing aside to allow Roosevelt to gain another term.

6954: 6665: 7137:, contrasted Taft's expansive view of the role of the chief justice with the narrow view of presidential power he took while in that office. Taft saw nothing wrong with making his views on possible appointments to the Court known to the White House, and was annoyed to be criticized in the press. He was initially a firm supporter of President Coolidge after Harding's death in 1923, but became disillusioned with Coolidge's appointments to office and to the bench; he had similar misgivings about Coolidge's successor, 7245: 7119: 22234: 6228:, the large manufacturer of farm equipment, in early 1912. As Roosevelt's administration had investigated International Harvester, but had taken no action (a decision Taft had supported), the suit became caught up in Roosevelt's challenge for the Republican presidential nomination. Supporters of Taft alleged that Roosevelt had acted improperly; the former president blasted Taft for waiting three and a half years, and until he was under challenge, to reverse a decision he had supported. 4705: 4691: 7348:

conservatism of thought and doctrine have an element of truth, but they fail to do justice to a shrewd commentator on the political scene, a man of consummate ambition, and a resourceful practitioner of the internal politics of his party." Anderson deemed Taft's success in becoming both president and chief justice "an astounding feat of inside judicial and Republican party politics, played out over years, the likes of which we are not likely to see again in American history".

7207: 6657:. He accepted, and after a month's vacation in Georgia, arrived in New Haven on April 1, 1913, to a rapturous reception. As it was too late in the semester for him to give an academic course, he instead prepared eight lectures on "Questions of Modern Government", which he delivered in May. He earned money with paid speeches and with articles for magazines, and would end his eight years out of office having increased his savings. While at Yale, he wrote the treatise, 5537: 22222: 5673: 22210: 15109: 14475: 13347: 20564: 5617: 12994: 6614: 5375: 6629: 5727: 15129: 15119: 14485: 6283:"was an utterly improper appeal from an executive subordinate to the legislative branch of the government and an unhappy president prepared to separate Pinchot from public office". Pinchot was dismissed, much to his delight, and he sailed for Europe to lay his case before Roosevelt. A congressional investigation followed, which cleared Ballinger by majority vote, but the administration was embarrassed when Glavis' attorney, 22198: 12732: 6601:

challenged the election of these delegates, but the RNC overruled most objections. Roosevelt's sole remaining chance was with a friendly convention chairman, who might make rulings on the seating of delegates that favored his side. Taft followed custom and remained in Washington, but Roosevelt went to Chicago to run his campaign and told his supporters in a speech, "we stand at Armageddon, and we battle for the Lord".

5902: 5223:, and taught international law at the Yale Law School. Taft advocated the establishment of a world court of arbitration supported by an international police force and is considered a major proponent of "world peace through law" movement. One of the reasons for his bitter break with Roosevelt in 1910–12 was Roosevelt's insistence that arbitration was naïve and that only war could decide major international disputes. 5080:, a former Secretary of State, had been a classmate of Alphonso Taft at Yale. Evarts called to see his friend's son as soon as Taft took office, and William and Nellie Taft were launched into Washington society. Nellie Taft was ambitious for herself and her husband, and was annoyed when the people he socialized with most were mainly Supreme Court justices, rather than the arbiters of Washington society such as 6471:

invited him to stay at the White House. The former president declined, and in private letters to friends expressed dissatisfaction at Taft's performance. Taft and Roosevelt met twice in 1910; the meetings, though outwardly cordial, did not display their former closeness. Nevertheless, he wrote that he expected Taft to be renominated by the Republicans in 1912, and did not speak of himself as a candidate.

6644:. But few electors chose Taft and Butler, who won only Utah and Vermont, for a total of eight electoral votes. Roosevelt won 88, and Wilson 435. Wilson won with a plurality—not a majority—of the popular vote. Taft finished with just under 3.5 million, over 600,000 less than the former president. Taft was not on the ballot in California, due to the actions of local Progressives, nor in South Dakota. 7412: 6457: 6124:

friendship and navigation entered into by the U.S. and Japan in 1911 granted broad reciprocal rights to Japanese people in America and Americans in Japan, but were premised on the continuation of the Gentlemen's Agreement. There was objection on the West Coast when the treaty was submitted to the Senate, but Taft informed politicians that there was no change in immigration policy.

6216:, a decision the former president defended when testifying at the hearings. Taft, as Secretary of War, had praised the acquisitions. Historian Louis L. Gould suggested that Roosevelt was likely deceived into believing that U.S. Steel did not want to purchase the Tennessee company, but it was in fact a bargain. For Roosevelt, questioning the matter went to his personal honesty. 22186: 5261:. The appointment would require Taft's resignation from the bench; the president assured him that if he fulfilled this task, McKinley would appoint him to the next vacancy on the high court. Taft accepted on condition he was made head of the commission, with responsibility for success or failure; McKinley agreed, and Taft sailed for the islands in April 1900. 6100:, and was successful in gaining U.S. participation, though agreements were not signed until May 1911. However, the Chinese decree authorizing the agreement also required the nationalization of local railroad companies in the affected provinces. Inadequate compensation was paid to the shareholders, and these grievances were among those which touched off the 5552:, a pledge he quickly regretted. But he felt bound by his word. Roosevelt believed Taft was his logical successor, although the War Secretary had initially been reluctant to run. Roosevelt used his control of the party machinery to aid his heir apparent. On pain of the loss of their jobs, political appointees were required to support Taft or remain silent. 6637:

block Roosevelt. The president issued a confident statement in September after the Republicans narrowly won Vermont's state elections in a three-way fight, but had no illusions he would win his race. He had hoped to send his cabinet officers out on the campaign trail, but found them reluctant to go. Senator Root agreed to give a single speech for him.

5037:. The appointment was good for just over a year, after which he would have to face the voters, and in April 1888, he sought election for the first of three times in his lifetime, the other two being for the presidency. He was elected to a full five-year term. Some two dozen of Taft's opinions as a state judge survive, the most significant being 6388:, who became the first associate justice to be promoted to chief justice. According to Lurie, Taft, who still had hopes of being chief justice, may have been more willing to appoint an older man than he (White) than a younger one (Hughes), who might outlive him, as indeed Hughes did. To fill White's seat as associate justice, Taft appointed 5613:, and Bryan proposed that contributions by officers and directors of corporations be similarly banned, or at least disclosed when made. Taft was only willing to see the contributions disclosed after the election, and tried to ensure that officers and directors of corporations litigating with the government were not among his contributors. 7312:

that he had never run for an important executive or legislative position, which would have allowed him to develop the skills to manipulate public opinion, as "the presidency is no place for on-the-job training". According to Coletta, "in troubled times in which the people demanded progressive change, he saw the existing order as good."

4858:, then a major source of governmental income, but the resulting bill was heavily influenced by special interests. His administration was filled with conflict between the Republican Party's conservative wing, with which Taft often sympathized, and its progressive wing, toward which Roosevelt moved more and more. Controversies 5099:, by which the U.S. government would concede a case in the Supreme Court that it had won in the court below but that the solicitor general thought it should have lost. At Taft's request, the Supreme Court reversed a murder conviction that Taft said had been based on inadmissible evidence. The policy continues to this day. 7141:. Taft advised the Republican presidents in office while he was chief justice to avoid "offside" appointments like Brandeis and Holmes. Nevertheless, by 1923, Taft was writing of his liking for Brandeis, whom he deemed a hard worker, and Holmes walked to work with him until age and infirmity required an automobile. 6119:, Taft was reluctant to recognize the new government, although American public opinion was in favor of it. The U.S. House of Representatives in February 1912 passed a resolution supporting a Chinese republic, but Taft and Knox felt recognition should come as a concerted action by Western powers. Taft in his final 6384:. Taft told Hughes that should the chief justiceship fall vacant during his term, Hughes would be his likely choice for the center seat. The Senate quickly confirmed Hughes, but then Chief Justice Fuller died on July 4, 1910. Taft took five months to replace Fuller, and when he did, it was with Justice 7401:

in Washington represent a suitable monument for Nellie Taft, there is no memorial to her husband, except perhaps the magnificent home for his Court—one for which he eagerly planned. But he died even before ground was broken for the structure. As he reacted to his overwhelming defeat for reelection in

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wrote that despite being "one of the most interesting, intellectual, and versatile presidents ... a chief justice of the United States, a wrestler at Yale, a reformer, a peace activist, and a baseball fan ... today, Taft is best remembered as the president who was so large that he got stuck

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Taft insisted on going to Cincinnati to attend the funeral of his brother Charles, who died on December 31, 1929; the strain did not improve his own health. When the court reconvened on January 6, 1930, Taft had not returned to Washington, and two opinions were delivered by Van Devanter that Taft had

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White by then was in failing health, but made no move to resign when Harding was sworn in on March 4, 1921. Taft called on the chief justice on March 26, and found White ill, but still carrying on his work and not talking of retiring. White did not retire, dying in office on May 19, 1921. Taft issued

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in Chicago, Taft heard that Roosevelt was there having dinner, and after he walked in, the two men embraced to the applause of the room, but the relationship did not progress; Roosevelt died in January 1919. Taft later wrote, "Had he died in a hostile state of mind toward me, I would have mourned the

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Taft had won over Root, who agreed to run for temporary chairman of the convention, and the delegates elected Root over Roosevelt's candidate. The Roosevelt forces moved to substitute the delegates they supported for the ones they argued should not be seated. Root made a crucial ruling, that although

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Roosevelt received many letters from supporters urging him to run, and Republican office-holders were organizing on his behalf. Thwarted on many policies by an unwilling Congress and courts in his full term in the White House, he saw manifestations of public support he believed would sweep him to the

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Taft had ordered government officials not to comment on the fracas. In January 1910, Pinchot forced the issue by sending a letter to Iowa Senator Dolliver alleging that but for the actions of the Forestry Service, Taft would have approved a fraudulent claim on public lands. According to Pringle, this

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Roosevelt had withdrawn much land from the public domain, including some in Alaska thought rich in coal. In 1902, Clarence Cunningham, an Idaho entrepreneur, had found coal deposits in Alaska, and made mining claims, and the government investigated their legality. This dragged on for the remainder of

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applied. The policy was unpopular among Latin American states that did not wish to become financial protectorates of the United States, as well as in the U.S. Senate, many of whose members believed the U.S. should not interfere abroad. No foreign affairs controversy tested Taft's policy more than the

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In the end, Taft won by a comfortable margin. Taft defeated Bryan by 321 electoral votes to 162; however, he garnered just 51.6 percent of the popular vote. Nellie Taft said regarding the campaign, "There was nothing to criticize, except his not knowing or caring about the way the game of politics is

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Inevitably linked with Roosevelt, who chose him to be president and took it away, Taft generally falls in the former's shadow. Yet, a portrait of Taft as a victim of betrayal by his best friend is incomplete: as Coletta put it, "Was he a poor politician because he was victimized or because he lacked

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When Taft became Chief Justice, the Court did not have its own building and met in the Capitol. Its offices were cluttered and overcrowded, but Fuller and White had been opposed to proposals to move the Court to its own building. In 1925, Taft began a fight to get the Court a building, and two years

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Believing that the Chief Justice should be responsible for the federal courts, Taft felt that he should have an administrative staff to assist him, and the chief justice should be empowered to temporarily reassign judges. He also believed the federal courts had been ill-run. Many of the lower courts

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of Georgia; he had in vain urged Theodore Roosevelt to appoint Lurton to the high court. Attorney General Wickersham objected that Lurton, a former Confederate soldier and a Democrat, was aged 65. Taft named Lurton anyway on December 13, 1909, and the Senate confirmed him by voice vote a week later.

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Due to his years in the Philippines, Taft was keenly interested as president in East Asian affairs. Taft considered relations with Europe relatively unimportant, but because of the potential for trade and investment, Taft ranked the post of minister to China as most important in the Foreign Service.

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for advice on his acceptance speech, saying that he needed "the President's judgment and criticism". Taft supported most of Roosevelt's policies. He argued that labor had a right to organize, but not boycott, and that corporations and the wealthy must also obey the law. Bryan wanted the railroads to

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According to historian Louis L. Gould, "while Taft shared the fears about social unrest that dominated the middle classes during the 1890s, he was not as conservative as his critics believed. He supported the right of labor to organize and strike, and he ruled against employers in several negligence

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The Supreme Court's docket was congested, swelled by war litigation and laws that allowed a party defeated in the circuit court of appeals to have the case decided by the Supreme Court if a constitutional question was involved. Taft believed an appeal should usually be settled by the circuit court,

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In addition to the judicial issue, Roosevelt called for "elimination of corporate expenditures for political purposes, physical valuation of railroad properties, regulation of industrial combinations, establishment of an export tariff commission, a graduated income tax", and "workmen's compensation

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During Roosevelt's fifteen months beyond the Atlantic, from March 1909 to June 1910, neither man wrote much to the other. Taft biographer Lurie suggested that each expected the other to make the first move to re-establish their relationship on a new footing. Upon Roosevelt's triumphant return, Taft

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In September 1909, Glavis made his allegations public in a magazine article, disclosing that Ballinger had acted as an attorney for Cunningham between his two periods of government service. This violated conflict of interest rules forbidding a former government official from advocacy on a matter he

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Taft was opposed to the traditional practice of rewarding wealthy supporters with key ambassadorial posts, preferring that diplomats not live in a lavish lifestyle and selecting men who, as Taft put it, would recognize an American when they saw one. High on his list for dismissal was the ambassador

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tariff had been enacted to protect American industry from foreign competition. The 1908 party platform had supported unspecified revisions to the Dingley Act, and Taft interpreted this to mean reduction. Taft called a special session of Congress to convene on March 15, 1909, to deal with the tariff

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in the Caribbean and Central America. Previous administrations had made efforts to promote American business interests overseas, but Taft went a step further and used the web of American diplomats and consuls abroad to further trade. Such ties, Taft hoped, would promote world peace. Taft pushed for

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Taft did not enjoy the easy relationship with the press that Roosevelt had, choosing not to offer himself for interviews or photo opportunities as often as his predecessor had. His administration marked a change in style from the charismatic leadership of Roosevelt to Taft's quieter passion for the

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should be amended to allow for an income tax, thus overruling decisions of the Supreme Court striking such a tax down. Roosevelt's expansive use of executive power had been controversial; Taft proposed to continue his policies, but place them on more solid legal underpinnings through the passage of

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in difficult situations, as a legal adviser, and to be able to give campaign speeches as he sought election in his own right. Taft strongly defended Roosevelt's record in his addresses, and wrote of the president's successful but strenuous efforts to gain election, "I would not run for president if

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Taft sought to make the Filipinos partners in a venture that would lead to their self-government; he saw independence as something decades off. Many Americans in the Philippines viewed the locals as racial inferiors, but Taft wrote soon before his arrival, "we propose to banish this idea from their

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in 1889, and Governor Foraker suggested President Harrison appoint Taft to fill it. Taft was 32 and his professional goal was always a seat on the Supreme Court. He actively sought the appointment, writing to Foraker to urge the governor to press his case, while stating to others it was unlikely he

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Mason called Taft's years in the White House "undistinguished". Coletta deemed Taft to have had a solid record of bills passed by Congress, but felt he could have accomplished more with political skill. Anderson noted that Taft's prepresidential federal service was entirely in appointed posts, and

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on March 4, 1929, Taft recited part of the oath incorrectly, later writing, "my memory is not always accurate and one sometimes becomes a little uncertain", misquoting again in that letter, differently. His health gradually declined over the near-decade of his chief justiceship. Worried that if he

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Taft was a supporter of settling international disputes by arbitration, and he negotiated treaties with Great Britain and with France providing that differences be arbitrated. These were signed in August 1911. Neither Taft nor Knox (a former senator) consulted with members of the Senate during the

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When opponents sought to modify the tariff bill to allow for an income tax, Taft opposed it on the ground that the Supreme Court would likely strike it down as unconstitutional, as it had before. Instead, they proposed a constitutional amendment, which passed both houses in early July, was sent to

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cases filed by the Taft administration served to further separate the two men. Roosevelt challenged Taft for renomination in 1912. Taft used his control of the party machinery to gain a bare majority of delegates and Roosevelt bolted the party. The split left Taft with little chance of reelection,

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Reverting to the pre-1888 custom that presidents seeking reelection did not campaign, Taft spoke publicly only once, making his nomination acceptance speech on August 1. He had difficulty in financing the campaign, as many industrialists had concluded he could not win, and would support Wilson to

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took a more militant stand for equality. Taft tended toward Washington's approach. According to Coletta, Taft let the African-American "be 'kept in his place' ... He thus failed to see or follow the humanitarian mission historically associated with the Republican party, with the result that

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In October 1911, Taft's Justice Department brought suit against U.S. Steel, demanding that over a hundred of its subsidiaries be granted corporate independence, and naming as defendants many prominent business executives and financiers. The pleadings in the case had not been reviewed by Taft, and

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Treaties among Panama, Colombia, and the United States to resolve disputes arising from the Panamanian Revolution of 1903 had been signed by the lame-duck Roosevelt administration in early 1909, and were approved by the Senate and also ratified by Panama. Colombia, however, declined to ratify the

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on March 4, 1909. Due to a winter storm that coated Washington with ice, Taft was inaugurated within the Senate Chamber rather than outside the Capitol as is customary. The new president stated in his inaugural address that he had been honored to have been "one of the advisers of my distinguished

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Taft remained involved in Philippine affairs. During Roosevelt's election campaign in 1904, he urged that Philippine agricultural products be admitted to the U.S. without duty. This caused growers of U.S. sugar and tobacco to complain to Roosevelt, who remonstrated with his Secretary of War. Taft

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would be chosen. Taft resigned as chief justice on February 3, 1930. Returning to Washington after his resignation, Taft had barely enough physical or emotional strength to sign a reply to a letter of tribute from the eight associate justices. He died at his home in Washington, D.C., on March 8,

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scandal subpoenaed records from his brother, Mally, who refused to provide them, alleging Congress had no power to obtain documents from him. Van Devanter ruled for a unanimous court against him, finding that Congress had the authority to conduct investigations as an auxiliary to its legislative

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Taft maintained a cordial relationship with Wilson. The former president privately criticized his successor on a number of issues, but made his views known publicly only on Philippine policy. Taft was appalled when, after Justice Lamar's death in January 1916, Wilson nominated Brandeis, whom the

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With no pension or other compensation to expect from the government after leaving the White House, Taft contemplated a return to the practice of law, from which he had long been absent. Given that Taft had appointed many federal judges, including a majority of the Supreme Court, this would raise

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in Chicago decided in that manner. Taft had control of the party machinery, and it came as no surprise that he gained the bulk of the delegates decided at district or state conventions. Taft did not have a majority, but was likely to have one once southern delegations committed to him. Roosevelt

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Roosevelt, frustrated by his own relative inaction, showered Taft with advice, fearing that the electorate would not appreciate Taft's qualities, and that Bryan would win. Roosevelt's supporters spread rumors that the president was in effect running Taft's campaign. This annoyed Nellie Taft, who

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had the upper hand by 1900. MacArthur felt the commission was a nuisance, and their mission a quixotic attempt to impose self-government on a people unready for it. The general was forced to co-operate with Taft, as McKinley had given the commission control over the islands' military budget. The

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appointed him Collector of Internal Revenue for Ohio's First District, an area centered on Cincinnati. Taft refused to dismiss competent employees who were politically out of favor, and resigned effective in March 1883, writing to Arthur that he wished to begin private practice in Cincinnati. In

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Taft is remembered as the heaviest president; he was 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) tall and his weight peaked at 335–340 pounds (152–154 kg) toward the end of his presidency, although by 1929 he weighed 244 pounds (111 kg). By the time Taft became chief justice in 1921, his

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to crown his career by being chief justice for six months before retiring. Taft felt, when he learned of this plan, that a short-term appointment would not serve the office well, and that once confirmed by the Senate, the memory of Day would grow dim. After Harding rejected Day's plan, Attorney

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Taft announced in his inaugural address that he would not appoint African Americans to federal jobs, such as postmaster, where this would cause racial friction. This differed from Roosevelt, who would not remove or replace black officeholders with whom local whites would not deal. Termed Taft's

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Although no general arbitration treaty was entered into, Taft's administration settled several disputes with Great Britain by peaceful means, often involving arbitration. These included a settlement of the boundary between Maine and New Brunswick, a long-running dispute over seal hunting in the

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and McKinley. Lurie catalogued progressive innovations that took place under Taft, and argued that historians have overlooked them because Taft was not an effective political writer or speaker. According to Gould, "the clichés about Taft's weight, his maladroitness in the White House, and his

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negotiating process. By then many Republicans were opposed to Taft and the president felt that lobbying too hard for the treaties might cause their defeat. He made some speeches supporting the treaties in October, but the Senate added amendments Taft could not accept, killing the agreements.

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Taft's opponent in the general election was Bryan, the Democratic nominee for the third time in four presidential elections. As many of Roosevelt's reforms stemmed from proposals by Bryan, the Democrat argued that he was the true heir to Roosevelt's mantle. Corporate contributions to federal

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Another colony lost by Spain in 1898 was Cuba, but as freedom for Cuba had been a major purpose of the war, it was not annexed by the U.S., but was, after a period of occupation, given independence in 1902. Election fraud and corruption followed, as did factional conflict. In September 1906,

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in December 1912 indicated that he was moving toward recognition once the republic was fully established, but by then he had been defeated for reelection and he did not follow through. Taft continued the policy against immigration from China and Japan as under Roosevelt. A revised treaty of

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Lurie argued that Taft did not receive the public credit for his policies that he should have. Few trusts had been broken up under Roosevelt (although the lawsuits received much publicity). Taft, more quietly than his predecessor, filed many more cases than did Roosevelt, and rejected his

5130:, successful in business, supplemented Taft's government salary, allowing William and Nellie Taft and their family to live in comfort. Taft's duties involved hearing trials in the circuit, which included Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, and Tennessee, and participating with Supreme Court Justice 5882:, who urged Taft to say that the bill was not in accord with the party platform. Taft refused, angering them. Taft insisted that most imports from the Philippines be free of duty, and according to Anderson, showed effective leadership on a subject he was knowledgeable on and cared about. 6734:' executive committee, which occupied much of the former president's time. In August 1917, Wilson conferred military titles on executives of the Red Cross as a way to provide them with additional authority to use in carrying out their wartime responsibilities, and Taft was appointed a 4874:. In 1921, Harding appointed Taft chief justice, an office he had long sought. Chief Justice Taft was a conservative on business issues, and under him there were advances in individual rights. In poor health, he resigned in February 1930, and died the following month. He was buried at 5041:(1889) if only because it was used against him when he ran for president in 1908. The case involved bricklayers who refused to work for any firm that dealt with a company called Parker Brothers, with which they were in dispute. Taft ruled that the union's action amounted to a 7417: 7414: 6817:

a tribute to the man he had appointed to the center seat and waited and worried if he would be White's successor. Despite widespread speculation that Taft would be the pick, Harding made no quick announcement. Taft was lobbying for himself behind the scenes, especially with

6220:

alleged that Roosevelt "had fostered monopoly, and had been duped by clever industrialists". Roosevelt was offended by the references to him and his administration in the pleadings, and felt that Taft could not evade command responsibility by saying he did not know of them.

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called on Taft and demanded to know his views. Taft and Roosevelt had agreed the party platform would take no position on the matter, and Nation left indignant, to allege that Taft was irreligious and against temperance. Taft, at Roosevelt's advice, ignored the issue.

714: 5187:

developed in 1894 and 1895, writing "I cannot find anybody in Washington who wants him". By March 1896, Taft realized that McKinley would likely be nominated, and was lukewarm in his support. He landed solidly in McKinley's camp after former Nebraska representative

5073:. When Taft arrived in Washington in February 1890, the office had been vacant for two months, with the work piling up. He worked to eliminate the backlog, while simultaneously educating himself on federal law and procedure he had not needed as an Ohio state judge. 6373:

Lurton is still the oldest person to be made an associate justice. Lurie suggested that Taft, already beset by the tariff and conservation controversies, desired to perform an official act which gave him pleasure, especially since he thought Lurton deserved it.

12023: 6546:

announced a presidential run as a Republican, and was backed by a convention of progressives. Roosevelt began to move into a position for a run in late 1911, writing that the tradition that presidents not run for a third term applied only to consecutive terms.

7418: 5351:, to purchase the lands and to arrange the withdrawal of the Spanish priests, with Americans replacing them and training locals as clergy. Taft did not succeed in resolving these issues on his visit to Rome, but an agreement on both points was made in 1903. 6223:

Taft sent a special message to Congress on the need for a revamped antitrust statute when it convened its regular session in December 1911, but it took no action. Another antitrust case that had political repercussions for Taft was that brought against the

5917:

accord with Canada. Britain at that time still handled Canada's foreign relations, and Taft found the British and Canadian governments willing. Many in Canada opposed an accord, fearing the U.S. would dump it when it became inconvenient, as it had the 1854

6498:, in calling for "judicial recall", which would theoretically enable popular majorities to remove judges from office by referendum and, in some cases, reverse unpopular judicial decisions. This attack horrified Taft, who, though he privately agreed that 6056:

treaties, and after the 1912 elections, Knox offered $ 10 million to the Colombians (later raised to $ 25 million). The Colombians felt the amount inadequate, and requested arbitration; the matter was not settled under the Taft administration.

6048:, the capital. The U.S. compelled Nicaragua to accept a loan, and sent officials to ensure it was repaid from government revenues. The country remained unstable, and after another coup in 1911 and more disturbances in 1912, Taft sent troops to begin the 7429: 5442:. Legislation authorizing construction did not specify which government department would be responsible, and Roosevelt designated the Department of War. Taft journeyed to Panama in 1904, viewing the canal site and meeting with Panamanian officials. The 12297: 7570:

Fuller's longevity was a source of frustration and some humor in the Roosevelt White House. Secretary Root originated a running joke that Fuller would be found alive and clinging to his seat on the Day of Judgment, and would then have to be shot. See

6315:, was a leader in the early 20th century of the favorable reappraisal of Catholicism's historic role. It tended to neutralize anti-Catholic sentiments, especially in the Far West where Protestantism was a weak force. In 1904 Taft gave a speech at the 7153:

with only cases of major import decided by the justices. He and other Supreme Court members proposed legislation to make most of the Court's docket discretionary, with a case getting full consideration by the justices only if they granted a writ of

4952:, which he entered in 1874, the heavyset, jovial Taft was popular and an intramural heavyweight wrestling champion. One classmate said he succeeded through hard work rather than by being the smartest, and had integrity. He was elected a member of 6425:. The Commerce Court, created in 1910, stemmed from a Taft proposal for a specialized court to hear appeals from the Interstate Commerce Commission. There was considerable opposition to its establishment, which grew only when one of its judges, 6137:, whom Taft knew and disliked from his visits to Europe. White's ousting caused other career State Department employees to fear that their jobs might be lost to politics. Taft also wanted to replace the Roosevelt-appointed ambassador in London, 7416: 6410:, the last person appointed to the Supreme Court who did not attend law school. Pitney had a stronger anti-labor record than Taft's other appointments, and was the only one to meet opposition, winning confirmation by a Senate vote of 50–26. 6319:. He praised the "enterprise, courage, and fidelity to duty that distinguished those heroes of Spain who braved the then frightful dangers of the deep to carry Christianity and European civilization into" the Philippines. In 1909 he praised 6573:

As Roosevelt became more radical in his progressivism, Taft was hardened in his resolve to achieve re-nomination, as he was convinced that the progressives threatened the very foundation of the government. One blow to Taft was the loss of

6518:

During the 1910 midterm election campaign, Roosevelt involved himself in New York politics. With donations and influence, Taft meanwhile tried to secure the election of Ohio's Republican gubernatorial nominee, former lieutenant governor

5922:

in 1866, and farm and fisheries interests in the United States were also opposed. After talks with Canadian officials in January 1911, Taft had the agreement, which was not a treaty, introduced into Congress. It passed in late July. The

6502:

and other decisions had been poorly decided, adamantly believed in the importance of judicial authority to constitutional government. His personal horror was shared by other prominent members of the nation's elite legal community, like

7227:

in 1929, "I am older and slower and less acute and more confused. However, as long as things continue as they are, and I am able to answer to my place, I must stay on the court in order to prevent the Bolsheviki from getting control".

19866: 19861: 6250:. Taft agreed with the need for conservation, but felt it should be accomplished by legislation rather than executive order. He did not retain Garfield, an Ohioan, as secretary, choosing instead a westerner, former Seattle mayor 15132: 10155: 6296:"Southern Policy", this stance effectively invited white protests against black appointees. Taft followed through, removing most black office holders in the South, and made few appointments of African Americans in the North. 5474:

expressed unwillingness to change his position, and threatened to resign; Roosevelt hastily dropped the matter. Taft returned to the islands in 1905, leading a delegation of congressmen, and again in 1907, to open the first

6287:, proved that the Wickersham report had been backdated, which Taft belatedly admitted. The Ballinger–Pinchot affair caused progressives and Roosevelt loyalists to feel that Taft had turned his back on Roosevelt's agenda. 5419:, who turned 75 in 1908. Taft believed Fuller likely to live many years. Roosevelt had indicated he was likely to appoint Taft if the opportunity came to fill the court's center seat, but some considered Attorney General 6515:

laws, state and national legislation to regulate the of women and children, and complete publicity of campaign expenditure". According to John Murphy, "As Roosevelt began to move to the left, Taft veered to the right."

713: 5870:, had held hearings in late 1908, and sponsored the resulting draft legislation. On balance, the bill reduced tariffs slightly, but when it passed the House in April 1909 and reached the Senate, the chairman of the 6967:

that Congress could not require the president to get Senate approval before removing an appointee. Taft noted that there is no restriction of the president's power to remove officials in the Constitution. Although

5371:, the incumbent, was willing to postpone his departure until 1904, allowing Taft time to wrap up his work in Manila. After consulting with his family, Taft agreed, and sailed for the United States in December 1903. 4501: 6254:. Roosevelt was surprised at the replacement, believing that Taft had promised to keep Garfield, and this change was one of the events that caused Roosevelt to realize that Taft would choose different policies. 6841:. Taft drew the objections of three progressive Republicans and one southern Democrat. When he was sworn in on July 11, he became the first and to date only person to serve both as president and chief justice. 6274:

dated two days previously. Pinchot was determined to dramatize the issue by forcing his own dismissal, which Taft tried to avoid, fearing that it might cause a break with Roosevelt (still overseas). Taft asked

7236:, for a rest, but by the end of January, he could barely speak and was hallucinating. Taft was afraid that Stone would be made chief justice; he did not resign until he had secured assurances from Hoover that 14530: 7055:, a unanimous court held that Oregon could regulate private schools, but could not eliminate them. The outcome supported the right of parents to control the education of their children, but also, since the 6837:, who supported Taft's candidacy, urged him to fill the vacancy, and he named Taft on June 30, 1921. The Senate confirmed Taft the same day, 61–4, without any committee hearings and after a brief debate in 7299:

predecessor's contention that there was such a thing as a "good" trust. This lack of flair marred Taft's presidency; according to Lurie, Taft "was boring—honest, likable, but boring". Scott Bomboy for the

4425: 5669:, where he irritated political advisors by spending more time on golf than strategy. After seeing a newspaper photo of Taft taking a large swing at a golf ball, Roosevelt warned him against candid shots. 4835:. In 1904, Roosevelt made him Secretary of War, and he became Roosevelt's hand-picked successor. Despite his personal ambition to become chief justice, Taft declined repeated offers of appointment to the 20239: 5175:, the Cincinnati Law School, a post that required him to prepare and give two hour-long lectures each week. He was devoted to his law school, and was deeply committed to legal education, introducing the 22329: 6640:

Vice President Sherman had been renominated at Chicago; seriously ill during the campaign, he died six days before the election, and was replaced on the ticket by the president of Columbia University,

715: 7028:, the Court, by a 6–2 vote with Taft in the majority, upheld Gitlow's conviction on criminal anarchy charges for advocating the overthrow of the government; his defense was freedom of speech. Justice 5363:, and Roosevelt desired that Taft fill it. Although this was Taft's professional goal, he refused as he felt his work as governor was not yet done. The following year, Roosevelt asked Taft to become 12976: 6950:

protection under the constitution. Taft held that as Puerto Rico was not a territory designated for statehood, only such constitutional protections as Congress decreed would apply to its residents.

6912:. Congress had decreed a minimum wage for women in the District of Columbia. A 5–3 majority of the Supreme Court struck it down. Justice Sutherland wrote for the majority that the recently ratified 6077:, whom McKinley and Roosevelt had sent on several foreign missions. Knox did not listen to Calhoun on policy, and there were often conflicts. Taft and Knox tried unsuccessfully to extend John Hay's 5017:(where Cincinnati is located), and took office the following January. Taft served for a year as assistant prosecutor, trying his share of routine cases. He resigned in January 1882 after President 7184:

health was starting to decline, and he carefully planned a fitness regimen, walking 3 miles (4.8 km) from his home to the Capitol each day. When he walked back, he would usually go by way of

6891:, with Taft writing the court's opinion for an 8–1 majority. He held that the tax was not intended to raise revenue, but rather was an attempt to regulate matters reserved to the states under the 6765:

to the Versailles Treaty were necessary angered both sides, causing some Republicans to call him a Wilson supporter and a traitor to his party. The Senate refused to ratify the Versailles pact.

6484:, he accused the federal courts of undermining democracy, branding the suspect jurists "fossilized judges", and comparing their tendency to strike down progressive reform legislation to Justice 17467: 7428: 6266:, investigated the Cunningham claims, and when Secretary Ballinger in 1909 approved them, Glavis broke governmental protocol by going outside the Interior Department to seek help from Pinchot. 6696:, which supported Taft and Bacon. The project went forward; Taft would dedicate the Lincoln Memorial as chief justice in 1922. In 1913, Taft was elected to a one-year term as president of the 6212:(U.S. Steel). That company had been expanded under Roosevelt, who had supported its acquisition of the Tennessee Coal, Iron, and Railroad Company as a means of preventing the deepening of the 5781:

that left her paralysed in one arm and one leg and deprived her of the power of speech. Taft spent several hours each day looking after her and teaching her to speak again, which took a year.

7131:

Taft exercised the power of his position to influence the decisions of his colleagues, urging unanimity and discouraging dissents. Alpheus Mason, in his article on Chief Justice Taft for the

5013:

full-time. Halstead was willing to take him on permanently at an increased salary if he would give up the law, but Taft declined. In October 1880, Taft was appointed assistant prosecutor for

6578:, one of the last links between the previous and present presidents, as Butt had formerly served Roosevelt. Ambivalent between his loyalties, Butt went to Europe on vacation; he died in the 7962: 7415: 6761:, Taft expressed public support. He was the leader of his party's activist wing, and was opposed by a small group of senators who vigorously opposed the League. Taft's flip-flop on whether 5412:, disliked the growing closeness between the two men, feeling that they were too much alike and that the president did not gain much from the advice of someone who rarely contradicted him. 22339: 22334: 6029:, two citizens were killed and almost a dozen injured, some as a result of gunfire across the border. Taft was against an aggressive response and so instructed the territorial governor. 5285:, who was designated only as commander of American forces. As Governor-General, Taft oversaw the final months of the primary phase of the Philippine–American War. He approved of General 22294: 22289: 10112: 10167: 21121: 20759: 14521: 6688:

Commission while still in office; when Democrats proposed removing him for one of their party, he quipped that unlike losing the presidency, such a removal would hurt. The architect,

4088: 6916:, guaranteeing women the vote, meant that the sexes were equal when it came to bargaining power over working conditions; Taft, in dissent, deemed this unrealistic. Taft's dissent in 6208:, initiated under Roosevelt, were decided in favor of the government by the Supreme Court in 1911. In June 1911, the Democrat-controlled House of Representatives began hearings into 5400:

Between 1905 and 1907, Taft came to terms with the likelihood he would be the next Republican nominee for president, though he did not plan to actively campaign for it. When Justice

4944:

William Taft was not seen as brilliant as a child, but was a hard worker; his demanding parents pushed him and his four brothers toward success, tolerating nothing less. He attended

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Secretary Root's record. "Marked severities" in Philippine warfare. An analysis of the law and facts bearing on the action and utterances of President Roosevelt and Secretary Root

7448: 5681:

never trusted the Roosevelts. Nevertheless, Roosevelt supported the Republican nominee with such enthusiasm that humorists suggested "TAFT" stood for "Take advice from Theodore".

5592:

in Chicago in June, and gained a first-ballot victory. Yet Taft did not have things his own way: he had hoped his running mate would be a midwestern progressive like Iowa Senator

5320:

in September 1901, and was succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt. Taft and Roosevelt had first become friends around 1890 while Taft was Solicitor General and Roosevelt a member of the

5548:

Roosevelt had served almost three and a half years of McKinley's term. On the night of his own election in 1904, Roosevelt publicly declared that he would not run for reelection

5179:

to the curriculum. As a federal judge, Taft could not involve himself with politics, but followed it closely, remaining a Republican supporter. He watched with some disbelief as

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There was broad agreement between Taft and Knox on major foreign policy goals; the U.S. would not interfere in European affairs, and would use force if necessary to enforce the

6326:

A supporter of free immigration, Taft vetoed a bill passed by Congress and supported by labor unions that would have restricted unskilled laborers by imposing a literacy test.

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while the National Guard served on active duty. When Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany in April 1917, Taft was an enthusiastic supporter; he was chairman of the

6523:. The Republicans suffered losses in the 1910 elections as the Democrats took control of the House and slashed the Republican majority in the Senate. In New Jersey, Democrat 22404: 19890: 16704: 16688: 16672: 16640: 16592: 5253:

In January 1900, Taft was called to Washington to meet with McKinley. Taft hoped a Supreme Court appointment was in the works, but instead McKinley wanted to place Taft on

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Roosevelt gave a series of speeches in the West in the late summer and early fall of 1910 in which he severely criticized the nation's judiciary. He not only attacked the

5208:, a policy that Taft saw as economic radicalism. Taft feared that people would hoard gold in anticipation of a Bryan victory, but he could do nothing but worry. McKinley 19243: 18105: 17496: 17460: 16769: 16624: 13714: 13032: 7355:

noted that this was "not so much on the basis of his opinions, perhaps because many of them ran counter to the ultimate sweep of history". A successor as chief justice,

6850: 5570:. The resulting coverage of the presidential message relegated Hughes to the back pages. Roosevelt reluctantly deterred repeated attempts to draft him for another term. 950: 706: 6653:

questions of conflict of interest at every federal court appearance and he was saved from this by an offer for him to become Kent Professor of Law and Legal History at

22364: 18046: 16480: 15519: 8286: 7040: 7036: 6885:. Congress thereafter attempted to end child labor by imposing a tax on certain corporations making use of it. That law was overturned by the Supreme Court in 1922 in 5808: 12886: 4984:

in his father's office; both activities gave him practical knowledge of the law that was not taught in class. Shortly before graduating from law school, Taft went to

861: 22279: 7993: 4819:, of which his father was a founding member. After becoming a lawyer, Taft was appointed a judge while still in his twenties. He continued a rapid rise, being named 3194: 6159:

that also involved Japan, and a similar disagreement regarding fishing off Newfoundland. The sealing convention remained in force until abrogated by Japan in 1940.

6040:. Nicaragua was in debt to foreign powers, and the U.S. was unwilling to let an alternate canal route fall into the hands of Europeans. Zelaya's elected successor, 22429: 19876: 19871: 19856: 19851: 19846: 19841: 19836: 7468: 7386:

and three times a major contender for the Republican nomination for president. A conservative, each time he was defeated by a candidate backed by the more liberal

7305: 6692:, wanted to use Colorado-Yule marble, while southern Democrats urged using Georgia marble. Taft lobbied for the western stone, and the matter was submitted to the 5313:

at official events, and treated the Filipinos as social equals. Nellie Taft recalled that "neither politics nor race should influence our hospitality in any way".

4071: 5219:

From the 1890s until his death, Taft played a major role in the international legal community. He was active in many organizations, was a leader in the worldwide

22469: 22444: 22419: 12971: 5665:(RNC), placing him in charge of the presidential campaign. Hitchcock was quick to bring in men closely allied with big business. Taft took an August vacation in 849: 827: 7203:

as a dietary advisor. The two men corresponded regularly for over twenty years, and Taft kept a daily record of his weight, food intake, and physical activity.

22414: 21114: 20752: 17453: 15112: 14514: 7336: 7107: 7019: 6913: 5835:

arbitration treaties with Great Britain and France, but the Senate was not willing to yield to arbitrators its constitutional prerogative to approve treaties.

5505:. It contained nothing new but instead reaffirmed official positions: Japan had no intention to invade the Philippines, and the U.S. that it did not object to 4879: 11241: 22274: 21491: 21083: 9774:

Searches run from page, "select research categories" then check "court type" and "nominating president", then select the court type and also William H. Taft.

7402:

1912, Taft had written that "I must wait for years if I would be vindicated by the people ... I am content to wait." Perhaps he has waited long enough.

5989:. There were a number of incidents in which Mexican rebels crossed the U.S. border to obtain horses and weapons; Taft sought to prevent this by ordering the 5887: 4476: 12660: 6403:

With the death of Justice Harlan in October 1911, Taft got to fill a sixth seat on the Supreme Court. After Secretary Knox declined appointment, Taft named

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in January 1904, he was not called upon to spend much time administering the army, which the president was content to do himself—Roosevelt wanted Taft as a

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Taft was convinced history would vindicate him. After he left office, he was estimated to be in the middle of U.S. presidents by greatness, and subsequent

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a seat on the Supreme Court and was waiting in the expectation that another place would become vacant. Harding was also considering a proposal by Justice

5336:. They met again when Taft went to Washington in January 1902 to recuperate after two operations caused by an infection. There, Taft testified before the 22384: 22344: 20471: 11869: 11294: 7159:. To Taft's frustration, Congress took three years to consider the matter. Taft and other members of the Court lobbied for the bill in Congress, and the 12840: 11210: 10029: 5898:

was immediately controversial. According to Coletta, "Taft had lost the initiative, and the wounds inflicted in the acrid tariff debate never healed".

5509:. There were U.S. concerns about the number of Japanese laborers coming to the American West Coast, and during Taft's second visit, in September 1907, 5201: 2920: 11826:

Collin, Richard H. "Symbiosis versus Hegemony: New Directions in the Foreign Relations Historiography of Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft."

5102:

Although Taft was successful as Solicitor General, winning 15 of the 18 cases he argued before the Supreme Court, he was glad when in March 1891, the

21107: 20745: 17540: 15514: 14810: 14806: 14802: 14762: 14507: 10956: 7082: 7033: 6947: 6892: 6422: 5337: 4592: 4440: 22499: 22489: 22379: 20258: 20251: 14390: 12604: 7073:. Lanza committed acts allegedly in violation of both state and federal law, and was first convicted in Washington state court, then prosecuted in 5894:, Taft won some victories, such as limiting the tax on lumber. The conference report passed both houses, and Taft signed it on August 6, 1909. The 4854:

on East Asia more than European affairs and repeatedly intervened to prop up or remove Latin American governments. Taft sought reductions to trade

4602: 1286: 1120: 822: 7954: 6147:, had backed Taft during the campaign, and both William and Nellie Taft enjoyed his gossipy reports. Reid remained in place until his 1912 death. 22504: 20461: 20341: 18121: 18068: 14400: 14109: 13136: 6921: 2872: 14089: 6005:, the first meeting between a U.S. and a Mexican president and also the first time an American president visited Mexico. The day of the summit, 22114: 21833: 20210: 18039: 17992: 14365: 12868: 11718:

Burns, Adam David. "Imperial vision: William Howard Taft and the Philippines, 1900–1921.". (PhD dissertation, University of Edinburgh, 2010)

11159: 9007:

Rouse, Robert (March 15, 2006). "Happy Anniversary to the first scheduled presidential press conference – 93 years young!". American Chronicle.

7398: 6534:, much to Taft's dismay. Roosevelt attacked his successor's administration, arguing that its guiding principles were not those of the party of 816: 12796: 10120: 9788: 8026: 6895:, and that allowing such taxation would eliminate the power of the states. One case in which Taft and his court upheld federal regulation was 5624:

Taft began the campaign on the wrong foot, fueling the arguments of those who said he was not his own man by traveling to Roosevelt's home at

22309: 21529: 20717: 19766: 17698: 14360: 13151: 12775: 11548: 5463: 5152: 2877: 12829: 6433:

for corruption and removed by the Senate the following January. Taft vetoed a bill to abolish the court, but the respite was short-lived as

6392:

of Wyoming, a federal appeals judge. By the time Taft nominated White and Van Devanter in December 1910, he had another seat to fill due to

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Ponder, Stephen. "'Nonpublicity' and the Unmaking of a President: William Howard Taft and the Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy of 1909–1910."

5180: 5138:, and judges of the Sixth Circuit in hearing appeals. Taft spent these years, from 1892 to 1900, in personal and professional contentment. 4607: 6270:

had been responsible for. On September 13, 1909, Taft dismissed Glavis from government service, relying on a report from Attorney General

5404:

resigned in 1906, Taft would not accept the seat although Roosevelt offered it, a position Taft held to when another seat opened in 1906.

22494: 20298: 20186: 14782: 14722: 14355: 12695: 5997:, that "I am going to sit on the lid and it will take a great deal to pry me off". He showed his support for Díaz by meeting with him at 5701:

recalled that Taft came often to see Roosevelt during the campaign, but seldom between the election and Inauguration Day, March 4, 1909.

3943: 11570: 20388: 15078: 15008: 14968: 14958: 14948: 14820: 14732: 14405: 14395: 14380: 13101: 7371: 7320:-like figure, with a narrow view of the presidency that made him unwilling to act for the public good. Anderson noted that Roosevelt's 5939:

became the new prime minister. No cross-border agreement was concluded, and the debate deepened divisions within the Republican Party.

5566:

ran, but when he made a major policy speech, Roosevelt the same day sent a special message to Congress warning in strong terms against

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toward Latin America, believing U.S. investment would benefit all involved, while diminishing European influence in regions where the

2902: 22359: 19046: 18032: 16436: 15847: 15685: 14998: 14742: 14445: 14385: 14370: 13141: 12916: 6335: 5340:. Taft wanted Filipino farmers to have a stake in the new government through land ownership, but much of the arable land was held by 4736: 12140:

Murphy, John (1995). "'Back to the Constitution': Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft and Republican Party Division 1910–1912".

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in the White House bathtub", a story that is not true. Taft similarly remains known for another physical characteristic—as the last

22269: 21757: 21139: 21135: 21131: 20777: 20773: 20769: 20481: 20313: 20308: 20050: 16007: 15499: 14938: 14928: 14924: 14914: 14910: 14900: 14890: 14880: 14860: 14850: 14840: 14830: 14792: 14772: 14752: 14712: 14702: 14692: 14682: 14672: 14662: 14652: 14642: 14632: 14628: 14624: 14614: 14604: 14594: 14584: 14574: 14570: 14560: 14550: 14478: 14430: 14415: 13724: 13720: 13182: 13172: 13080: 12377: 12367: 11719: 7146: 6742: 6446: 6430: 6036:, wanted to revoke commercial concessions granted to American companies, and American diplomats quietly favored rebel forces under 5549: 5526: 5209: 5156:

was upheld unanimously by the high court. Taft's opinion, in which he held that a pipe manufacturers' association had violated the

4847: 4769: 4761: 4612: 4335: 4265: 2915: 2308: 1110: 991: 932: 915: 21927: 21676: 5830:

in the Americas. The defense of the Panama Canal, which was under construction throughout Taft's term (it opened in 1914), guided

5462:

asked for U.S. intervention. Taft traveled to Cuba with a small American force, and on September 29, 1906, under the terms of the

5359:

In late 1902, Taft had heard from Roosevelt that a seat on the Supreme Court would soon fall vacant on the resignation of Justice

4870:

After leaving office, Taft returned to Yale as a professor, continuing his political activity and working against war through the

20706: 20673: 20572: 20303: 19512: 19357: 18909: 18157: 17981: 17948: 17763: 15122: 15088: 14988: 14488: 14455: 14450: 14440: 14425: 13848: 13786: 13146: 12807: 11861:

Delahaye, Claire. "The New Nationalism and Progressive Issues: The Break with Taft and the 1912 Campaign", in Serge Ricard, ed.,

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Coletta, Paolo E. "The Diplomacy of Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft", in Gerald K. Haines and J. Samuel Walker, eds.,

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resigned from his office in February 1908 to lead the Taft effort. In April, Taft made a speaking tour, traveling as far west as

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Rooney, William H., and Timothy G. Fleming. "William Howard Taft, the Origin of the Rule of Reason, and the Actavis Challenge."

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Post, Robert. "Judicial Management and Judicial Disinterest: The Achievements and Perils of Chief Justice William Howard Taft."

6494:(1857). To ensure that the constitution served the public interest, Roosevelt joined other progressives, including the Democrat 5544:, taken just after a formal portrait session, as Taft learned in a telephone call from Roosevelt of his nomination for president 21769: 20698: 20519: 20441: 20421: 20196: 19945: 17973: 16068: 15068: 15058: 14978: 14420: 13417: 12851: 6798:

During the 1920 election campaign, Taft supported the Republican ticket—Harding (by then a senator) and Massachusetts Governor

5905:

Newton McConnell cartoon showing Canadian suspicions that Taft and others were only interested in Canada when it was prosperous

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Bryan urged a system of bank guarantees, so that depositors could be repaid if banks failed, but Taft opposed this, offering a

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retired his replacement would be chosen by President Herbert Hoover, whom he considered too progressive, he wrote his brother

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had prepared plans for the building, and was hired by the government as architect. Taft had hoped to see the Court move into

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jurisprudence. This had the practical effect of making it difficult for the federal government to regulate industry, and the

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was a 1925 decision by the Taft Court striking down an Oregon law banning private schools. In a decision written by Justice

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Soon after the Republican convention, Taft and Roosevelt had discussed which cabinet officers would stay on. Taft kept only

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be owned by the government, but Taft preferred that they remain in the private sector, with their maximum rates set by the

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Pavord, Andrew C. (Summer 1996). "The Gamble for Power: Theodore Roosevelt's Decision to Run for the Presidency in 1912".

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With Roosevelt's help, Taft had little opposition for the Republican nomination for president in 1908 and easily defeated

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was rare both because he authored few dissents, and because it was one of the few times he took an expansive view of the

6745:, tasked with assuring good relations between industry owners and their workers. In February 1918, the new RNC chairman, 6597: 6560: 5735: 5721: 5589: 5333: 5278: 5193: 4851: 4832: 3975: 1629: 1499: 984: 927: 910: 807: 791: 320: 101: 10426: 10376: 6380:'s death on March 28, 1910, gave Taft a second opportunity to fill a seat on the high court; he chose New York Governor 6340: 4878:, the first president and first Supreme Court justice to be interred there. Taft is generally listed near the middle in 22439: 20406: 20171: 19756: 19727: 18999: 16459: 16446: 16059: 15165: 15038: 14209: 13648: 13471: 12818: 12799: 12516: 12434: 12315: 6475: 6349: 5600:

of New York, a conservative. Taft resigned as Secretary of War on June 30 to devote himself full-time to the campaign.

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of mostly Spanish priests, which were often resented by the Filipinos. Roosevelt had Taft go to Rome to negotiate with

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Crowe, Justin. "The forging of judicial autonomy: Political entrepreneurship and the reforms of William Howard Taft."

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Fish, Peter G. "William Howard Taft and Charles Evans Hughes: Conservative Politicians as Chief Judicial Reformers."

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Taft continued and expanded Roosevelt's efforts to break up business combinations through lawsuits brought under the

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Alphonso Taft died in 1891 in California, retired because of illness contracted during his diplomatic postings. See

5645:) was needed to allow flexibility in the government's response to poor economic times, that specific legislation on 5126:

was a lifetime appointment, and one from which promotion to the Supreme Court might come. Taft's older half-brother

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Roosevelt was an ardent conservationist, assisted in this by like-minded appointees, including Interior Secretary

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Hahn, Harlan. "The Republican Party Convention of 1912 and the Role of Herbert S. Hadley in National Politics."

6542:. The feud continued on and off through 1911, a year in which there were few elections of significance. Senator 20616: 20591: 20532: 20411: 20145: 20060: 20010: 19717: 18963: 18933: 18112: 17825: 17794: 17711: 16795: 15389: 15199: 15174: 14119: 14049: 13999: 13949: 13899: 13857: 13679: 13611: 12832: 12810: 7219: 7163:

became law in February 1925. By late the following year, Taft was able to show that the backlog was shrinking.

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commission took executive power in the Philippines on September 1, 1900; on July 4, 1901, Taft became civilian

5107: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4824: 4808: 4753: 4619: 4552: 4340: 4098: 4034: 3573: 2932: 1319: 208: 82: 11866: 11284: 11211:"Biography of William Howard Taft, President of the United States and Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court" 6368:

in October 1909 gave Taft his first opportunity. He chose an old friend and colleague from the Sixth Circuit,

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In March 1917, Taft demonstrated public support for the war effort by joining the Connecticut State Guard, a

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was so closely tied to interstate commerce as to bring it within the ambit of Congress's power to regulate.

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in 1967, a vacancy in the office of vice president was not filled until the next election and inauguration.

7331:

The first postage issue for Taft, a 4-cent stamp, was issued in 1930, the second, a 50-cent stamp, in 1938.

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Alternatively, Taft wanted to be chief justice, and kept a close eye on the health of the aging incumbent,

4752:(September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 27th 4447: 4017: 3435: 1153: 866: 17: 12666: 12661:

Extensive essay on William Howard Taft and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and the First Lady

10994: 7098:, Taft wrote for a unanimous Court that included liberals Holmes, Brandeis and Stone. The ruling held the 6997:. A congressional committee investigating possible complicity of former Attorney General Daugherty in the 6906:

A case in which the Taft Court struck down regulation that generated a dissent from the chief justice was

6417:. He also appointed judges to various specialized courts, including the first five appointees each to the 6044:, could not put down the rebellion as U.S. forces interfered, and in August 1910, the Estrada forces took 21409: 20944: 20358: 20273: 20227: 20055: 19950: 19930: 19257: 19017: 19005: 18913: 16849: 15564: 14566: 14269: 14239: 13979: 13909: 13841: 12931: 10156:"The Transformation of American Democracy: Teddy Roosevelt, the 1912 Election, and the Progressive Party" 7292: 7268: 6973: 6258:

the Roosevelt administration, including during the year (1907–1908) when Ballinger served as head of the

6017:

only a few feet from the two presidents. Before the election in Mexico, Díaz jailed opposition candidate

5367:. As the War Department administered the Philippines, Taft would remain responsible for the islands, and 5269: 5123: 4875: 4863: 4540: 4511: 4270: 4260: 4245: 4233: 4083: 4002: 3407: 881: 536: 362: 12046:

Korzi, Michael J., "William Howard Taft, the 1908 Election, and the Future of the American Presidency",

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wrote the Court's opinion, and both majority and minority (Holmes, joined by Brandeis) assumed that the

6002: 5470:. In his time in Cuba, Taft worked to persuade Cubans that the U.S. intended stability, not occupation. 5466:, declared himself Provisional Governor of Cuba, a post he held for two weeks before being succeeded by 5114:, based in Cincinnati. In March 1892, Taft resigned as Solicitor General to resume his judicial career. 5033:

In 1887, Taft, then aged 29, was appointed to a vacancy on the Superior Court of Cincinnati by Governor

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felt that most blacks should be trained for industrial work, with only a few seeking higher education;

6200:, bringing 70 cases in four years (Roosevelt had brought 40 in seven years). Suits brought against the 6101: 5502: 4523: 4330: 4218: 4066: 3980: 3800: 3716: 3512: 3299: 3214: 3110: 3072: 2978: 1100: 1050: 17676: 13989: 12572: 6876:—sometimes protested, believing orderly progress essential, but often joined in the majority opinion. 6299:

At the time Taft was inaugurated, the way forward for African Americans was debated by their leaders.

5757:, who had served under McKinley and Roosevelt as Attorney General, as the new Secretary of State, and 22299: 20662: 20416: 20120: 20085: 20040: 20030: 20015: 20005: 19970: 19935: 19011: 18012: 17888: 17085: 16414: 16378: 16139: 15762: 14249: 12911: 12906: 12350:

Anderson, Donald F. (Winter 2000). "Building National Consensus: The Career of William Howard Taft".

11943:"Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Disputed Delegates in 1912: Texas as a Test Case." 7233: 7086: 6869: 6400:, whom he had met while playing golf, and had subsequently learned had a good reputation as a judge. 6006: 5750: 5506: 5485:, Taft went to Japan, and met with officials there. The meeting in July 1905 came a month before the 5443: 5212:; when a place on the Supreme Court opened in 1898, the only one under McKinley, the president named 4562: 4491: 4471: 4382: 3393: 3365: 3145: 3062: 2695: 2476: 1589: 1339: 1329: 871: 12024:"Bench over Ballot: The Fight for Judicial Supremacy and the New Constitutional Politics, 1910–1916" 11151: 9839:"Bench over Ballot: The Fight for Judicial Supremacy and the New Constitutional Politics, 1910–1916" 8018: 5799: 20181: 20155: 20130: 20035: 19980: 19975: 19955: 19920: 19910: 17925: 17845: 17017: 16819: 16422: 16174: 16144: 15862: 15857: 15722: 15717: 15664: 15659: 15569: 15549: 15489: 13969: 13889: 12983: 9784: 7267:. On March 11, he became the first president and first member of the Supreme Court to be buried at 6946:

involved a Puerto Rico newspaper publisher who was prosecuted for libel but denied a jury trial, a

6697: 6404: 6316: 6205: 5871: 5641:, to stock speculation and other abuses, and felt some reform of the currency (the U.S. was on the 5423:

a better candidate. In any event, Fuller remained chief justice throughout Roosevelt's presidency.

4760:, serving from 1921 to 1930, the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected president 4722: 4506: 4183: 4128: 3948: 3925: 3897: 3674: 3593: 2882: 2795: 2665: 1882: 1244: 1234: 1105: 1070: 656: 12504:

Taft, William Howard. "The Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court Under the Act of February 13, 1925."

12486:

Starr, Kenneth W. "The Supreme Court and Its Shrinking Docket: The Ghost of William Howard Taft."

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as an "apostle, legislator, builder" who advanced "the beginning of civilization in California."

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Taft's decision for a worker injured in a railway accident violated the contemporary doctrine of

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Coletta, Paolo E. "The Election of 1908" in Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. and Fred L Israel, eds.,

11751: 6565: 5688:

system instead. The issue of prohibition of alcohol entered the campaign when in mid-September,

5272:, as Filipinos fought for their independence, but U.S. forces, led by military governor General 22120: 22083: 21983: 21817: 21413: 21276: 20948: 20895: 20643: 20268: 20000: 19965: 19557: 19527: 18325: 17962: 17640: 17580: 17331: 17263: 17135: 16813: 16603: 16332: 16219: 16052: 15872: 15777: 15599: 15158: 14798: 14758: 14648: 13955: 13834: 13218: 12204: 12116: 7383: 7276: 7078: 7074: 6963: 6641: 6579: 6495: 6490: 6243: 6134: 5981:

When Taft entered office, Mexico was increasingly restless under the grip of longtime dictator

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Minger, Ralph Eldin (August 1961). "Taft's Missions to Japan: A Study in Personal Diplomacy".

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The Philippines Reader: A History of Colonialism, Neocolonialism, Dictatorship, and Resistance

7241:

1930, at age 72, likely of heart disease, inflammation of the liver, and high blood pressure.

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Schambra, William. "The Election of 1912 and the Origins of Constitutional Conservatism." in

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Hughes was 67 when he began his second period on the court, as chief justice succeeding Taft.

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Storey, Moorfield; Codman, Julian; YA Pamphlet Collection (Library of Congress) DLC (1902).

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Taft's eight electoral votes set a record for futility by a Republican candidate matched by

7632:

The "Bull Moose Party", named by Roosevelt's comment he felt as strong as a young bull moose

7522:

498 (1900). Only Justice Harlan dissented from the opinion for the Court written by Justice

6879:

The White Court had, in 1918, struck down an attempt by Congress to regulate child labor in

6033: 5753:(who was transferred to the Navy Department). Others appointed to the Taft cabinet included 1035: 22459: 22399: 22264: 22259: 22238: 21706: 20841: 20681: 20624: 20383: 20373: 19642: 19637: 19627: 19477: 19472: 19381: 19363: 19351: 19339: 19327: 19321: 18541: 18521: 18345: 18341: 18295: 17622: 17610: 17521: 17165: 17110: 17103: 17047: 17005: 16631: 16184: 16134: 16114: 15912: 15757: 15614: 15609: 15584: 15474: 15299: 14836: 14205: 13731: 13542: 13496: 13481: 11887:

The bully pulpit: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Golden Age of journalism

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Taft has been rated among the greatest of the chief justices; later Supreme Court Justice

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Schultz, L. Peter. "William Howard Taft: A constitutionalist's view of the presidency."

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appointed Taft to be chief justice, a position he held until a month before his death.

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Mason, Alpheus Thomas (January 1969). "President by Chance, Chief Justice by Choice".

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involved the removal of a postmaster, Taft in his opinion found invalid the repealed

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later Congress appropriated money to purchase the land, to the east of the Capitol.

6320: 5164:, his biographer, as having "definitely and specifically revived" that legislation. 2461: 22190: 22143: 22075: 22011: 21666: 21627: 21599: 21461: 21440: 21432: 21313: 21268: 21054: 21025: 21004: 20996: 20819: 20687: 20605: 19741: 19736: 19647: 19567: 19542: 19532: 19405: 19315: 19178: 19154: 19106: 19070: 18385: 18321: 18308: 18278: 18265: 18187: 18174: 17870: 17616: 17239: 17073: 16695: 16503: 16308: 16280: 16274: 16124: 16099: 16079: 16037: 16012: 15967: 15947: 15932: 15832: 15792: 15619: 15594: 15574: 15479: 15434: 15409: 15404: 15394: 15379: 15309: 15209: 14778: 14748: 14668: 14546: 14115: 14105: 14085: 14045: 13995: 13945: 13895: 13764: 13410: 12881: 12717: 12528: 12429:

Post, Robert C. "Chief Justice William Howard Taft and the concept of federalism."

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have largely sustained that verdict. Coletta noted that this places Taft alongside

7110:. This allowed states to extend segregation in public schools to Chinese students. 7103: 6953: 6685: 6677: 6664: 6369: 6279:(by then a senator) to look into the matter, and Root urged the firing of Pinchot. 6143: 6078: 5986: 5954: 5948: 5855:

through the use of tariffs was a fundamental position of the Republican Party. The

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Starr, Kenneth W. "William Howard Taft: The Chief Justice as Judicial Architect."

11924:

Four Hats in the Ring: The 1912 Election and the Birth of Modern American Politics

6741:

During the war, Taft took leave from Yale in order to serve as co-chairman of the

6700:(ABA), a trade group of lawyers. He removed opponents, such as Louis Brandeis and 5982: 5974: 4964:) to be a member. In 1878, Taft graduated second in his class of 121. He attended 22214: 22035: 21999: 21966: 21893: 21825: 21737: 21732: 21719: 21714: 21681: 21587: 21547: 21469: 21208: 19820: 19751: 19672: 19612: 19507: 19502: 19487: 19482: 19467: 19309: 19291: 19279: 19273: 19232: 19184: 19130: 18581: 18501: 18485: 18481: 18461: 18381: 18365: 18226: 18178: 18161: 18152: 18148: 17907: 17634: 17628: 17397: 17379: 17355: 17343: 17287: 17221: 17172: 17041: 16957: 16921: 16789: 16715: 16647: 16583: 16551: 16507: 16094: 15957: 15882: 15802: 15589: 15509: 15454: 15444: 15324: 15259: 15074: 15004: 14964: 14954: 14944: 14906: 14896: 14816: 14768: 14728: 14215: 14195: 14165: 14025: 14005: 13582: 13514: 13294: 13230: 13048: 12699: 12673: 12651: 12595: 12576: 11890: 11873: 11842: 11725: 11317: 11070: 10961: 10033: 9622: 8416: 8367: 8290: 7845: 7813: 7249: 7123: 7060: 6861: 6834: 6799: 6654: 6535: 6508: 6461: 6397: 6304: 6247: 5958: 5928: 5863: 5827: 5634: 5581: 5416: 5405: 5393: 5379: 5344: 5341: 5254: 5242: 5220: 5150:, and he was reversed by the Supreme Court. On the other hand, Taft's opinion in 5135: 5023: 4989: 4953: 4816: 4812: 4435: 4203: 4133: 3997: 3930: 3832: 3611: 3498: 3470: 3292: 3278: 3209: 3090: 2815: 2591: 2466: 2396: 2368: 2348: 2288: 2228: 2163: 2090: 2085: 2050: 2035: 2030: 1907: 1852: 1847: 1827: 1797: 1787: 1767: 1752: 1604: 1524: 1494: 1484: 1459: 1439: 1384: 1266: 1178: 1085: 645: 19791: 12120: 8329: 7467:

Vice President Sherman died in office. As this was prior to the adoption of the

6621:

Alleging Taft had stolen the nomination, Roosevelt and his followers formed the

5498: 5022:

1884, Taft campaigned for the Republican candidate for president, Maine Senator

22101: 22088: 21991: 21698: 21671: 21604: 21565: 21543: 21539: 21381: 21173: 20967: 20431: 20426: 20263: 19815: 19810: 19805: 19657: 19607: 19435: 19417: 19375: 19172: 19166: 19124: 18781: 18761: 18425: 18421: 18405: 18401: 18243: 18165: 17598: 17570: 17507: 17367: 17337: 17305: 17275: 17251: 17233: 17141: 17091: 17079: 16879: 16873: 16861: 16801: 16663: 16567: 16535: 16523: 16491: 16358: 16345: 16314: 16298: 16286: 16254: 16244: 16224: 16214: 16199: 16022: 15992: 15877: 15867: 15817: 15629: 15539: 15349: 15239: 15234: 14994: 14876: 14738: 14688: 14600: 14580: 14295: 14175: 14145: 14035: 14015: 13985: 13935: 13749: 13689: 13337: 13206: 13111: 12704: 12471: 11940: 11905:

Chief Executive to Chief Justice:Taft Betwixt the White House and Supreme Court

10438: 10388: 7379: 7352: 7317: 7138: 7056: 6977: 6829: 6673: 6575: 6524: 6485: 6434: 6116: 6021:, whose supporters took up arms. This resulted in both the ousting of Díaz and 5998: 5994: 5754: 5685: 5510: 5420: 5213: 5053: 4985: 4977: 4961: 4777: 4773: 4357: 4275: 4188: 4138: 3758: 3660: 3618: 3249: 3052: 2636: 2606: 2536: 2526: 2491: 2471: 2243: 2233: 2193: 2148: 2143: 2065: 2010: 2000: 1957: 1952: 1937: 1927: 1822: 1747: 1699: 1584: 1554: 1529: 1509: 1434: 1148: 1095: 832: 588: 145: 21129: 20767: 12312:

Present Day Problems: A Collection of Addresses Delivered on Various Occasions

12039: 12010:

Hindman, E. James. "The General Arbitration Treaties of William Howard Taft."

9854: 7244: 6041: 22248: 21910: 21857: 21775: 21751: 21746: 21622: 21347: 21203: 20725: 20436: 19761: 19702: 19587: 19411: 19142: 18681: 18661: 18621: 18601: 18561: 18545: 18525: 18269: 18256: 18230: 17771: 17129: 16933: 16927: 16915: 16807: 16782: 16731: 16519: 16487: 16264: 16234: 16229: 16164: 16149: 16119: 15962: 15922: 15907: 15902: 15797: 15752: 15534: 15449: 15364: 15344: 15339: 15329: 15264: 15229: 15224: 14934: 14856: 14265: 14235: 13975: 13905: 13385: 13299: 13242: 13131: 10982: 10974: 10415: 10365: 9862: 7673: 7340: 7232:

drafted but had been unable to complete because of his illness. Taft went to

6939: 6407: 6365: 6213: 6138: 6069:

to view the facts on the ground. Taft considered Roosevelt's minister there,

5936: 5931:

had deadlocked over the issue. Canadians turned Laurier out of office in the

5852: 5689: 5642: 5638: 5625: 5348: 5324:. Taft had, after McKinley's election, urged the appointment of Roosevelt as 5302: 4914: 4800: 4640: 3837: 3814: 3667: 3632: 3536: 3526: 3327: 3320: 3224: 2566: 2556: 2546: 2521: 2451: 2446: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2313: 2273: 2108: 2070: 1917: 1892: 1857: 1792: 1684: 1679: 1669: 1644: 1634: 1624: 1564: 1479: 1429: 1229: 1195: 1115: 614: 11958:

59.4 (1965): 407–423. Taft was willing to compromise with Missouri Governor

6088:

In 1898, an American company had gained a concession for a railroad between

21937: 21640: 21609: 20903: 19781: 19776: 19697: 19677: 19632: 19582: 19552: 19517: 19441: 19423: 19208: 19196: 19088: 19076: 19064: 18881: 18861: 18841: 18191: 17876: 17743: 17645: 17604: 17528: 17391: 17373: 17349: 17245: 17215: 17179: 16867: 16837: 16825: 16727: 16699: 16683: 16667: 16635: 16587: 16303: 16204: 15982: 15822: 15249: 15084: 14984: 14846: 14315: 14305: 14285: 14255: 13915: 13558: 13361: 13289: 12613: 11055: 10990: 8355:

John P. Campbell, "Taft, Roosevelt, and the Arbitration Treaties of 1911."

7817: 7168: 6810: 6746: 6312: 6263: 5435: 5282: 5168: 4949: 4894: 4362: 4300: 4049: 3935: 3842: 3772: 3709: 3578: 3428: 3421: 3386: 3172: 2631: 2621: 2486: 2481: 2436: 2421: 2406: 2358: 2303: 2298: 2248: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2173: 2128: 2060: 2020: 2015: 1975: 1942: 1922: 1782: 1737: 1654: 1599: 1579: 1569: 1539: 9761: 7433:

Speech: "The Farmer and the Republican Party", Kansas City, Missouri, 1908

7206: 6749:, approached Taft seeking his reconciliation with Roosevelt. While at the 6308:

Negroes both North and South began to drift toward the Democratic party."

22202: 22138: 22062: 21780: 21763: 21389: 21218: 21198: 20975: 19800: 19795: 19786: 19771: 19746: 19732: 19597: 19393: 19303: 19202: 19100: 18821: 18805: 18801: 18785: 18765: 18641: 18625: 18605: 18505: 17919: 17481: 17385: 17281: 17023: 16909: 16885: 16855: 16679: 16651: 16571: 16555: 16539: 16326: 16320: 16249: 16002: 15887: 15767: 15747: 15469: 15334: 15064: 15054: 14974: 14245: 13248: 13192: 13116: 12512: 11037: 7955:"10 birthday facts about President and Chief Justice William Howard Taft" 7356: 7193: 7094: 6998: 6957:

The U.S. Supreme Court in 1925. Taft is seated in the bottom row, middle.

6689: 6530:

After the election, Roosevelt continued to promote progressive ideals, a

6183: 6108: 5856: 5610: 5536: 5258: 5205: 5176: 4981: 4922: 4918: 4280: 4108: 3902: 3827: 3744: 3730: 2940: 2611: 2601: 2551: 2506: 2441: 2401: 2363: 2343: 2263: 2183: 2153: 2118: 1995: 1985: 1902: 1897: 1862: 1842: 1817: 1812: 1757: 1732: 1674: 1614: 1609: 1514: 1504: 1464: 1454: 1449: 1424: 1389: 1359: 1324: 1291: 1261: 786: 632: 619: 22209: 20527: 12693:

a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan

12411: 12281:

Solvick, Stanley D. "William Howard Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff."

12275: 12185: 12160:

Noyes, John E. "William Howard Taft and the Taft Arbitration Treaties."

12153: 12015: 11948: 11831: 11693: 11680:

Anderson, Donald F. (Winter 1982). "The Legacy of William Howard Taft".

10691:. San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico. pp. 96–98. 8278:

John E. Noyes, "William Howard Taft and the Taft Arbitration Treaties."

5953:

Taft and his Secretary of State, Philander Knox, instituted a policy of

22226: 21932: 21807: 21797: 21582: 20856: 19722: 19692: 19652: 19537: 19226: 19220: 19190: 18865: 18845: 18725: 18705: 18445: 18441: 17802: 17777: 17737: 17706: 17293: 17191: 16619: 16259: 15987: 15827: 15812: 15727: 15544: 15414: 15279: 15214: 15044: 14886: 14678: 14620: 14590: 14556: 13965: 13885: 13604: 12737: 12286: 12108: 10689:

The Supreme Court and Puerto Rico: The Doctrine of Separate and Unequal

9624:

Booker T. Washington : Volume 2: The Wizard Of Tuskegee, 1901–1915

8360: 7651: 7584:

In one of which Secretary Knox was said to be a major stockholder. See

7155: 6868:

also scuttled many state laws. The few liberals on the court—Brandeis,

6865: 6774: 6596:

Roosevelt dominated the primaries, winning 278 of the 362 delegates to

6539: 6504: 6413:

Taft appointed 13 judges to the federal courts of appeal and 38 to the

6276: 6156: 5914: 5698: 5672: 5616: 5562:, tested the waters for a run but chose to stay out. New York Governor 5368: 5281:. MacArthur, until then the military governor, was relieved by General 5246: 4906: 4796: 4044: 3588: 2945: 2561: 2496: 2268: 2238: 2178: 2113: 1877: 1772: 1762: 1722: 1379: 508: 239: 16444: 14531:

Unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States

12993: 12753: 12540: 12081:

Bureaucracy Convicts Itself: The Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy of 1910

11758:

Taft and Roosevelt: The Intimate Letters of Archie Butt, Military Aide

11712: 11537:"Chapter 1: The Property: Its Development and Historical Associations" 6613: 5661:

Taft upset some progressives by choosing Hitchcock as Chairman of the

5397:

you guaranteed the office. It is awful to be afraid of one's shadow."

21975: 21875: 21839: 19429: 18825: 18745: 16999: 16475: 16269: 14325: 13236: 12896: 11838: 11707:

Ballard, Rene N. "The Administrative Theory of William Howard Taft."

11541:

William Howard Taft National Historic Site: An Administrative History

6818: 6628: 6082: 5374: 5006: 3737: 3035: 2576: 2426: 1912: 1867: 1704: 1396: 1301: 1060: 22221: 12722: 12100: 11968:

The Secret War in El Paso: Mexican Revolutionary Intrigue, 1906–1920

9671:

Katherine D. Moran, "Catholicism and the Making of the US Pacific."

7561:, would also become a general and famously fight in the Philippines. 6824:

It later emerged that Harding had also promised former Utah senator

5726: 21802: 20486: 19707: 19214: 18885: 18741: 18645: 18024: 17731: 16471: 15024: 14866: 12726: 12532: 11001: 9368: 9332: 7248:

the body of former President and Chief Justice William Howard Taft

6466:

magazine cover: Roosevelt departs, entrusting his policies to Taft.

5294: 5085: 4980:. Taft was assigned to cover the local courts, and also spent time 4587: 4569: 3848: 3779: 3765: 3751: 3723: 3583: 2416: 2323: 2293: 1947: 1872: 1777: 22330:

Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

12691:"Growing into Public Service: William Howard Taft's Boyhood Home", 12550:

Conservatives in the Progressive Era: The Taft Republicans of 1912

11661:

William Howard Taft: A Conservative's Conception of the Presidency

11122: 11120: 8305:

World Peace Through Law. Replacing War with the Global Rule of Law

6899:. Taft ruled for a 7–1 majority that the processing of animals in 17475: 15173: 15034: 11441:

Scott Specialized Catologue of U.S. Stamps, 2024, pp. 90, 108–109

11348: 9404: 9308: 8670: 7199:

Taft followed a weight loss program and hired the British doctor

6900: 6396:'s retirement because of illness; he named a Louisiana Democrat, 6093: 6066: 6045: 5990: 5901: 4453: 3868: 3786: 3702: 10576: 10551: 10549: 9808: 9806: 7715:

258 U.S. 495 (1922) Justice Day did not participate and Justice

5993:

to the border areas for maneuvers. Taft told his military aide,

5777:

Early in Taft's term, in May 1909, his wife Nellie had a severe

5584:

before being recalled to straighten out a contested election in

5446:

had trouble keeping a chief engineer, and when in February 1907

12677: 11242:"Supreme Court at Arlington: Justices are Chummy Even in Death" 11117: 10837: 9457: 9455: 9296: 6860:

The Supreme Court under Taft compiled a conservative record in

6802:; they were elected. Taft was among those asked to come to the 5778: 5585: 5235: 4855: 4387: 11413: 11411: 11105: 11019: 10924: 9527: 9076: 9074: 7641:

Sherman was the last American vice president to die in office.

6754:

fact all my life. I loved him always and cherish his memory."

5450:

submitted his resignation, Taft recommended an army engineer,

11132: 10912: 10876: 10768: 10546: 10345: 10309: 10246: 10210: 10186: 9952: 9803: 9738: 9602: 9578: 9544: 9542: 9515: 9320: 9182: 9170: 9134: 9059: 6632:

Electoral vote by state, 1912. States won by Taft are in red.

5962:

collapse of the Mexican regime and subsequent turmoil of the

4377: 11444: 11396: 10566: 10564: 10297: 9928: 9904: 9491: 9452: 9440: 9428: 9392: 9380: 9344: 9284: 9260: 9199: 9197: 9158: 9086: 8976: 8940: 8892: 8868: 8810: 8808: 8781: 8745: 8733: 8634: 8622: 8610: 8550: 8538: 8372: 8260: 8185: 8161: 8149: 6073:, as uninterested in the China trade, and replaced him with 6065:

Knox did not agree, and declined a suggestion that he go to

22340:

United States federal judges appointed by Warren G. Harding

22335:

United States federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison

21677:

Unknown Soldiers for World War II and the Korean War (1958)

13818: 11970:. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. 11408: 10263: 10261: 10222: 9071: 8250: 8248: 8113: 7043:

clauses were protected against infringement by the states.

6851:

List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Taft Court

6456: 6107:

After the revolution broke out, the revolt's leaders chose

4910: 22295:

Candidates in the 1912 United States presidential election

22290:

Candidates in the 1908 United States presidential election

21408: 20943: 12569: 12445:. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. 12307:

ed. by David H. Burton and A. E. Campbell (Ohio UP, 2000).

12223:

vol 2 covers the presidency after 1910 & Supreme Court

11480: 10729: 10668: 10588: 10510: 10486: 10457: 9539: 9503: 9146: 8723: 8721: 8137: 8101: 8077: 8065: 8053: 7370:

The house in Cincinnati in which Taft was born is now the

6617:

Campaign advertisement arguing Taft deserved a second term

6440: 4925:

was not wealthy, living in a modest home in the suburb of

12074:

TR and Will: A Friendship That Split the Republican Party

11880:

Reciprocity, 1911: A Study in Canadian-American Relations

11516: 11152:"William Taft: Life After the Presidency | Miller Center" 10849: 10561: 10534: 10498: 10445: 10174: 10089: 9882: 9880: 9690: 9554: 9416: 9272: 9248: 9238: 9236: 9194: 9122: 9110: 8832: 8805: 7113: 6025:

that would continue for another ten years. In the U.S.'s

11504: 11423: 11384: 11372: 11360: 10395: 10333: 10321: 10285: 10258: 10023:"1912 Republican Convention: Return of the Rough Rider" 9356: 8952: 8769: 8646: 8526: 8490: 8478: 8245: 8221: 7680:

of Idaho and La Follette of Wisconsin. The Democrat was

6708:(a supporter of the Progressive Party) from committees. 4929:. Alphonso served as a judge and an ambassador, and was 12385:

The Chief Justiceship of William Howard Taft, 1921–1930

12168:

covers his career in international law and arbitration.

10234: 10160:

First Principles Series Report #43 on Political Thought

9678: 9653: 9590: 9047: 9035: 9023: 9011: 8916: 8904: 8844: 8718: 8562: 8448:. Harvard University. Boston, G.H. Ellis co., printers. 8293:

covers his career in international law and arbitration.

7984:

Jackson, Abby; Sterbenz, Christina (December 6, 2015).

7516:

Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railway Co. v. Voight

7374:. Taft was one of the first Gold Medal Honorees of the 7175:, but it did not do so until 1935, after Taft's death. 7089:, each empowered to prosecute the conduct in question. 6976:, for violation of which his presidential predecessor, 5144:

Voight v. Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railway Co.

5069:

would get it. Instead, in 1890, Harrison appointed him

4867:

and he took only Utah and Vermont in Wilson's victory.

22285:

Republican Party (United States) presidential nominees

12218:

The Life and Times of William Howard Taft: A Biography

12206:

The Life and Times of William Howard Taft: A Biography

12005:

Insurgency: Personalities and Politics of the Taft Era

11789:

American Foreign Relations: A Historiographical Review

11468: 11319:

One thousand beards: a cultural history of facial hair

11072:

Democracy's Big Day: The Inauguration of Our President

10936: 10900: 10605: 10603: 10522: 10135: 9916: 9892: 9877: 9233: 9221: 9209: 8988: 8964: 8928: 8793: 8706: 8682: 8415:

Schirmer, Daniel B.; Shalom, Stephen Rosskamm (1987).

8233: 7393:

Lurie concluded his account of William Taft's career:

7108:

Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

6356:

Taft made six appointments to the Supreme Court; only

5637:. Taft attributed blame for the recent recession, the 966: 22174: 12305:

Four Aspects of Civic Duty; and, Present Day Problems

11779:

History of American Presidential Elections: 1789–1968

11264: 10476: 10474: 10472: 10273: 10198: 10053: 10005: 10003: 9988: 9818: 9726: 9714: 9467: 8856: 8757: 8694: 7106:

from a whites-only public school did not violate the

4839:, believing his political work to be more important. 22405:

Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

16067: 13444:

United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

12328:. American Presidency. The Regents Press of Kansas. 12256:. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. 10043: 10041: 9098: 8173: 7010:

In 1925, the Taft Court laid the groundwork for the

5454:. Under Goethals, the project moved ahead smoothly. 4905:

William Howard Taft was born September 15, 1857, in

385:

United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

13856: 12238:

William Howard Taft: The American Presidents Series

10866: 10864: 10758: 10756: 10741: 10705: 10644: 10632: 10622: 10620: 10618: 10600: 8464:

Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines

7986:"The 13 most powerful members of "Skull and Bones"" 7663:

Sutherland was appointed to the high court in 1922.

7480:

1889 Ohio Misc. Lexis 119, 10 Ohio Dec. reprint 181

5540:One of a series of candid photographs known as the 839: 30:"William Taft" redirects here. For other uses, see 12966: 12443:A Constitutional History of the U.S. Supreme Court 11805: 11658: 11601: 11492: 10888: 10469: 10414: 10364: 10113:"Clearing Up the William Howard Taft Bathtub Myth" 10077: 10065: 10000: 9976: 9758:"Biographical Dictionary of the Federal Judiciary" 9000: 8586: 8514: 8384: 8209: 8197: 8125: 8089: 7895: 7800:Stone was made chief justice in 1941 by President 5609:political campaigns had been outlawed by the 1907 22365:Theodore Roosevelt administration cabinet members 21918: 17420:Also served as Chief Justice of the United States 12028:The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 11989:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. 11966:Harris, Charles H. III; Sadler, Louis R. (2009). 11732:. Philadelphia: Saint Joseph's University Press. 11629: 11456: 11315: 10153: 10038: 9964: 9940: 9843:The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 9702: 9566: 9479: 8820: 8598: 7077:. He alleged the second prosecution violated the 6162: 5301:, and accepted the surrender of Filipino general 4995: 22280:Republican Party presidents of the United States 22246: 11926:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 11907:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 11812:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 10861: 10825: 10753: 10656: 10615: 8880: 6527:was elected governor, and Harding lost in Ohio. 5715: 5520: 5434:, the United States had secured rights to build 27:President of the United States from 1909 to 1913 22430:University of Cincinnati College of Law faculty 21272:(incumbent; nominated but died before election) 12254:The Foreign Policies of the Taft Administration 12251: 11285:"William Howard Taft Is Still Stuck in the Tub" 9410: 9374: 9338: 9314: 9302: 9065: 8658: 8574: 8502: 8396: 8019:"Obituary: Taft Gained Peaks in Unusual Career" 7983: 7935: 7923: 6726:organized to carry out the state duties of the 5596:, but instead the convention named Congressman 5378:Roosevelt introduces Taft as his crown prince: 796: 22470:Woodward High School (Cincinnati, Ohio) alumni 22445:University of Cincinnati College of Law alumni 22420:Members of the Sons of the American Revolution 13017: 12614:William Taft Edison Recordings Campaign - 1912 12321: 11665:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 11644: 10582: 8414: 7192:. After his death, the crossing was named the 7005: 6984:, though acquitted by the Senate. Taft valued 6592:Taft and Roosevelt – political enemies in 1912 6451: 5913:sent to Congress in December 1910, he urged a 5789: 5328:, and watched as Roosevelt became a war hero, 272:September 29, 1906 – October 13, 1906 22415:Members of the American Philosophical Society 21523: 21115: 20753: 20513: 18040: 17692: 17461: 16430: 16053: 15159: 14515: 13842: 13096: 12769: 12252:Scholes, Walter V; Scholes, Marie V. (1970). 12056:William Howard Taft: Progressive Conservative 12007:(1940), on Taft's Republican enemies in 1910. 11987:Theodore Roosevelt: Preacher of Righteousness 11799:. Westport, Connecticut: Meckler Corporation. 11748:Taft, Roosevelt, and the limits of friendship 11217:. Arlington National Cemetery. Archived from 11205: 11203: 10366:"Taft Joins Home Guard to Defend Connecticut" 9673:Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 9627:. USA: Oxford University Press. p. 341. 8307:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 18–20. 8041: 7382:was a significant political figure, becoming 7282: 7178: 7018:to be applied against the states through the 6932:In 1922, Taft ruled for a unanimous court in 6647: 4730: 992: 781: 22275:20th-century presidents of the United States 13366: 13054:Insular Government of the Philippine Islands 12240:. New York: Time Books, Henry Holt & Co. 11770:Coletta, Paolo E. "William Howard Taft." in 7147:Judicial Conference of Senior Circuit Judges 6768: 6569:Taft with Archibald Butt (second from right) 6437:signed similar legislation in October 1913. 6111:as provisional president of what became the 6013:captured and disarmed an assassin holding a 5886:the states, and by 1913 was ratified as the 5603: 5555:A number of Republican politicians, such as 5153:United States v. Addyston Pipe and Steel Co. 5039:Moores & Co. v. Bricklayers' Union No. 1 22410:Members of the American Antiquarian Society 22370:Governors-general of the Philippine Islands 20299:National Republican Congressional Committee 12863: 12552:. Gainesville: University of Florida Press. 12322:Trani, Eugene P.; Wilson, David L. (1977). 6554: 6231: 5819:Taft made it a priority to restructure the 5167:In 1896, Taft became dean and Professor of 4972:in 1880. While in law school, he worked on 4885: 4756:, serving from 1909 to 1913, and the tenth 3944:National Federation of Independent Business 363:Chairman of the First Philippine Commission 333:March 16, 1900 – December 23, 1903 22385:Presidents of the American Bar Association 22345:Judges of the Superior Court of Cincinnati 21742:Unknown Soldier for the Vietnam War (1984) 21530: 21516: 21122: 21108: 20760: 20746: 20520: 20506: 20389:High School Republican National Federation 18047: 18033: 17699: 17685: 17468: 17454: 16437: 16423: 16060: 16046: 15166: 15152: 15128: 15118: 14522: 14508: 14484: 13849: 13835: 13392:Judge of the Superior Court of Cincinnati 12776: 12762: 12745: 12294:The Collected Works of William Howard Taft 11593: 11200: 10948: 7372:William Howard Taft National Historic Site 6961:In 1926, Taft wrote for a 6–3 majority in 5838: 5464:Cuban–American Treaty of Relations of 1903 4737: 4723: 4040:Federation for American Immigration Reform 999: 985: 450:February 4, 1890 – March 20, 1892 12917:North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911 12349: 12296:(8 vol. Ohio University Press, 20012004) 12214: 12199: 12058:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 11760:(2 vols. 1930), valuable primary source. 11730:William Howard Taft, Confident Peacemaker 11679: 11656: 11522: 11417: 11138: 11126: 11111: 11045: 11020:Bivins, Roberta; Marland, Hilary (2016). 11007: 10930: 10918: 10882: 10855: 10843: 10774: 10735: 10686: 10674: 10570: 10555: 10540: 10504: 10351: 10315: 10267: 10252: 10216: 10192: 10180: 10095: 9958: 9812: 9760:. Federal Judicial Center. Archived from 9744: 9696: 9614: 9608: 9584: 9560: 9521: 9326: 9203: 9176: 9140: 9092: 9053: 9041: 9017: 8982: 8958: 8946: 8922: 8910: 8898: 8874: 8850: 8787: 8775: 8751: 8739: 8727: 8676: 8652: 8640: 8628: 8616: 8556: 8544: 8496: 8484: 8378: 8266: 8254: 8227: 8191: 8167: 8155: 8143: 8119: 8107: 8083: 8071: 8059: 8013: 8011: 7572: 7490: 7422:Collection of film clips of the president 6336:William Howard Taft judicial appointments 6182:Official White House portrait of Taft by 5704: 5531: 5257:to organize a civilian government in the 5009:, Taft devoted himself to his job at the 221:February 1, 1904 – June 30, 1908 166:July 11, 1921 – February 3, 1930 21136:1912 United States presidential election 20774:1908 United States presidential election 20482:Timeline of modern American conservatism 20314:Republican Attorneys General Association 20309:National Republican Senatorial Committee 12547: 12474:(1989). "Originalism: The Lesser Evil". 11803: 11794: 11702:William Howard Taft, an Intimate History 11510: 11486: 11450: 11429: 11402: 11390: 11378: 11366: 11354: 9934: 9910: 9684: 9659: 9596: 9548: 9533: 9509: 9497: 9461: 9446: 9434: 9398: 9386: 9362: 9350: 9290: 9266: 9188: 9164: 9152: 9128: 9116: 9080: 8994: 8970: 8934: 8838: 8814: 8799: 8568: 8239: 7585: 7425: 7410: 7361: 7326: 7286: 7243: 7205: 7117: 6952: 6783: 6757:When Wilson proposed establishment of a 6663: 6627: 6612: 6587: 6564: 6455: 6447:1912 United States presidential election 6339: 6329: 6177: 5968: 5900: 5842: 5725: 5671: 5615: 5535: 5527:1908 United States presidential election 5497:. Taft met with Japanese Prime Minister 5373: 5230: 5106:created a new judgeship for each of the 5000: 4889: 4336:Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal 397:March 17, 1892 – March 15, 1900 22500:American people of Scotch-Irish descent 22490:People from Kalorama (Washington, D.C.) 22380:Solicitors general of the United States 21372: 21328: 21248: 20802: 20304:National Republican Redistricting Trust 13819:Articles related to William Howard Taft 12783: 11724: 11162:from the original on September 20, 2021 10106: 10104: 9422: 9278: 9254: 9227: 9215: 8532: 8460:"Proclamation No. 173. s. 2002 | GOVPH" 8327: 7069:was one of a series of cases involving 7063:, struck a blow for religious freedom. 6927: 6441:1912 presidential campaign and election 6262:. A special agent for the Land Office, 5814:engraved portrait of Taft as President 5772: 5515:agreed to issue fewer passports to them 5095:In 1891, Taft introduced a new policy: 4880:historians' rankings of U.S. presidents 941:10th Chief Justice of the United States 14: 22505:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery 22247: 21646:Unknown Soldier for World War I (1921) 20422:Republican National Coalition for Life 16768: 13418:Solicitor General of the United States 13028:Creation of the Supreme Court Building 12852:Solicitor General of the United States 12667:"Life Portrait of William Howard Taft" 12235: 11965: 11921: 11902: 11847:(Kindle ed.). Henry Holt and Co. 11474: 11322:. Arsenal pulp press. pp. 36–37. 11239: 11068: 10594: 10528: 10516: 10492: 10463: 10451: 10401: 10339: 10327: 10303: 10291: 10279: 10240: 10228: 10110: 10059: 9620: 9242: 9029: 8302: 8179: 8008: 7864:from the original on December 14, 2020 7149:held its first meeting that December. 7114:Administration and political influence 6991:The following year, the court decided 6608: 6423:United States Court of Customs Appeals 5588:. He had no serious opposition at the 5322:United States Civil Service Commission 5071:Solicitor General of the United States 4846:for the presidency in that November's 438:Solicitor General of the United States 95:March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913 21511: 21407: 21103: 20942: 20741: 20501: 20364:Republican National Hispanic Assembly 18028: 17680: 17449: 16767: 16457: 16418: 16041: 15147: 14503: 13830: 13817: 13365: 13059:Philippines Civil Governor, 1901–1904 12757: 12714:Works by or about William Howard Taft 12645:William Howard Taft: A Resource Guide 12392:The Supreme Court From Taft to Burger 12021: 11808:The Presidency of William Howard Taft 11575:National Institute of Social Sciences 11297:from the original on November 3, 2020 11184:. US Architect of the Capitol (AOC). 10954: 10786: 10416:"Taft and Davison now Majors General" 9836: 9006: 7996:from the original on October 28, 2020 7965:from the original on October 20, 2020 7893: 7889: 7887: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7879: 7376:National Institute of Social Sciences 6702:University of Pennsylvania Law School 6050:United States occupation of Nicaragua 5985:. Many Mexicans backed his opponent, 5501:. After that meeting, the two signed 5200:. Bryan, both in that address and in 4079:American Center for Law & Justice 571: 22310:Progressive Era in the United States 18054: 12942:Commission on Economy and Efficiency 12283:Mississippi Valley Historical Review 11962:as presidential nominee; TR said no. 11535:Lee, Antoinette J. (December 1986). 10101: 7843: 6684:Taft had been made president of the 5697:played." Longtime White House usher 5059: 4833:civilian governor of the Philippines 4157:Parents Television and Media Council 3220:Project for the New American Century 2984:Conservative Party of New York State 892:Commission on Economy and Efficiency 22325:Chief justices of the United States 21558:State funerals in the United States 13717:for President of the United States 13550:Governor-General of the Philippines 13178:1912 Republican National Convention 13168:1908 Republican National Convention 13102:Birthplace, home, and historic site 12841:Governor-General of the Philippines 12683:American Presidents: Life Portraits 12609:Michigan State University Libraries 12570:William Taft National Historic Site 12517:"Chief Justice William Howard Taft" 12476:University of Cincinnati Law Review 12352:University of Cincinnati Law Review 12325:The Presidency of Warren G. Harding 12248:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2013). 95–119. 11899:(University Press of Kansas, 2009). 11797:William Howard Taft: A Bibliography 11772:The Presidents: A Reference History 11651:Bibliography of William Howard Taft 11599: 11534: 11282: 10154:Milkis, Sidney M. (June 11, 2012). 7444:Bibliography of William Howard Taft 7188:and use a particular crossing over 6821:who formed Harding's inner circle. 6659:Our Chief Magistrate and His Powers 6561:1912 Republican National Convention 5722:Inauguration of William Howard Taft 5590:1908 Republican National Convention 5513:, the foreign minister, informally 5481:On both of his Philippine trips as 5354: 5338:Senate Committee on the Philippines 5334:Vice President of the United States 5226: 5194:1896 Democratic National Convention 3976:National Association for Gun Rights 803:27th President of the United States 321:Governor-General of the Philippines 24: 22495:American people of English descent 20407:Republican Main Street Partnership 17428: 16748: 16458: 16447:Supreme Court of the United States 13472:Chief Justice of the United States 12800:Chief Justice of the United States 12511: 12470: 12387:(U of South Carolina Press, 2019). 12227:Republican campaign text-book 1912 12171: 12139: 12115: 12086: 11984: 11897:The William Howard Taft Presidency 11551:from the original on March 5, 2016 11498: 11336:from the original on March 7, 2021 11283:Coe, Alexis (September 15, 2017). 11093:from the original on April 7, 2015 10942: 10906: 10894: 10813:from the original on March 2, 2021 10480: 10429:from the original on March 8, 2021 10379:from the original on March 8, 2021 10141: 10111:Bomboy, Scott (February 6, 2013). 10083: 10009: 9982: 9922: 9898: 9886: 9791:from the original on March 9, 2016 8862: 8826: 8763: 8712: 8700: 8688: 8604: 7876: 6855: 6598:the Republican National Convention 6350:Chief Justice of the United States 5851:At the time of Taft's presidency, 5428:separation of Panama from Colombia 5110:and Harrison appointed him to the 4837:Supreme Court of the United States 4768:, but was defeated for reelection 4758:chief justice of the United States 4403:Society for American Civic Renewal 4393:Republican Main Street Partnership 4147:National Organization for Marriage 154:Chief Justice of the United States 25: 22516: 20349:Congressional Hispanic Conference 12952:United States Chamber of Commerce 12663:– Miller Center of Public Affairs 12629:collected news and commentary at 12620: 12589:Text of a number of Taft speeches 12557: 12440: 12397: 12142:Irish Journal of American Studies 12053: 11945:Southwestern Historical Quarterly 11863:A Companion to Theodore Roosevelt 11635: 11462: 11270: 11188:from the original on May 18, 2019 10955:Sotos, John G. (September 2003). 10870: 10831: 10762: 10747: 10711: 10662: 10650: 10638: 10626: 10609: 10204: 10047: 9994: 9970: 9946: 9824: 9732: 9720: 9708: 9572: 9485: 9473: 9104: 8886: 8664: 8592: 8580: 8520: 8508: 8402: 8390: 8215: 8203: 8131: 8095: 8047: 8029:from the original on July 1, 2017 7941: 7929: 7894:Gould, Louis L. (February 2000). 7527: 7366:Taft's boyhood home in Cincinnati 7275:sculpted his grave marker out of 7014:of many of the guarantees of the 6260:United States General Land Office 5784: 5711:Presidency of William Howard Taft 4162:Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America 3959:United States Chamber of Commerce 3190:Intercollegiate Studies Institute 3096:Alexis de Tocqueville Institution 22360:United States secretaries of war 22232: 22220: 22208: 22196: 22184: 20562: 20319:Republican Governors Association 18858:2020 (Charlotte/other locations) 17753: 17539: 16393: 16069:United States Solicitors General 15684: 15677: 15175:United States Secretaries of War 15127: 15117: 15108: 15107: 14483: 14474: 14473: 13346: 13345: 12999: 12992: 12730: 12420:Journal of Supreme Court History 12400:American Bar Association Journal 12343: 11837: 11563: 11528: 11435: 11309: 11276: 11240:Gresko, Jessica (May 25, 2011). 11233: 11174: 11144: 11062: 11013: 10780: 10717: 10680: 10407: 10357: 10147: 10071: 10015: 9830: 9777: 9750: 9665: 9641:from the original on May 5, 2016 7807: 7794: 7785: 7776: 7767: 7758: 7749: 7740: 7731: 7722: 7709: 7696: 7687: 7666: 7657: 7644: 7635: 7626: 7609: 7600: 7591: 7578: 7134:American Bar Association Journal 6844: 6364:made more. The death of Justice 6344:Taft promoted Associate Justice 5942: 5798: 5264:The American takeover meant the 5241:with William Howard Taft of the 5117: 5026:, who lost to New York Governor 4703: 4689: 4316:National Association of Scholars 4152:National Right to Life Committee 4008:Council of Conservative Citizens 3131:Competitive Enterprise Institute 3116:Center for the National Interest 2776:The Closing of the American Mind 2736:The Conscience of a Conservative 1034: 972: 945: 748: 711: 692: 54: 22270:Presidents of the United States 22161:: Presidents and chief justices 20718:Secretary of Commerce and Labor 17993:Secretary of Commerce and Labor 13858:Presidents of the United States 13183:1912 U.S. presidential election 13173:1908 U.S. presidential election 12962:State of the Union Address 1912 12600:Miller Center of Public Affairs 12246:Toward an American Conservatism 12050:, 43 (May–August 2016), 227–54. 11600:Rae, Nicol C. (February 2000). 8452: 8435: 8408: 8349: 8321: 8296: 8272: 7564: 7551: 7542: 7533: 7509: 7496: 7483: 7474: 6988:as his most important opinion. 6290: 6226:International Harvester Company 5326:Assistant Secretary of the Navy 5064:There was a seat vacant on the 4648:Don't immanentize the eschaton! 4593:Bibliography of US conservatism 3141:Ethics and Public Policy Center 567: 20412:Republican Majority for Choice 20240:Steering and Policy Committees 16404:Acting officeholders shown in 13680:President of the United States 13612:United States Secretary of War 12833:United States Secretary of War 12811:President of the United States 12605:Audio clips of Taft's speeches 12272:Presidential Studies Quarterly 12174:Presidential Studies Quarterly 11804:Coletta, Paolo Enrico (1973). 11795:Coletta, Paolo Enrico (1989). 11682:Presidential Studies Quarterly 7977: 7947: 7837: 7461: 6888:Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co. 6779: 6163:Domestic policies and politics 5868:House Ways and Means Committee 5631:Interstate Commerce Commission 5108:United States Courts of Appeal 5048:It is not clear when Taft met 4996:Rise in government (1880–1908) 4825:Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals 4788:candidate. In 1921, President 4754:president of the United States 4620:List of American conservatives 4341:Texas Public Policy Foundation 4099:Christian Coalition of America 4035:Center for Immigration Studies 2933:Intelligence and public policy 2868:"Disparate impact" controversy 209:United States Secretary of War 83:President of the United States 13: 1: 20477:International Democracy Union 13755:United States Capitol rotunda 13307:Backstairs at the White House 12937:Pinchot–Ballinger controversy 12902:Federal Corrupt Practices Act 12374:The Supreme Court Review 1975 11985:Hawley, Joshua David (2008). 10425:. August 8, 1917. p. 2. 10375:. March 25, 1917. p. 5. 8303:Ranney, James Taylor (2018). 7831: 7265:United States Capitol rotunda 7254:United States Capitol rotunda 7214:succeed him as chief justice. 6909:Adkins v. Children's Hospital 6789: 6415:United States district courts 6238:Pinchot–Ballinger controversy 6187: 5977:, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, 1909 5716:Inauguration and appointments 5663:Republican National Committee 5649:was needed to supplement the 5521:Presidential election of 1908 5384:magazine cover cartoon, 1906. 4898: 3136:David Horowitz Freedom Center 3101:American Enterprise Institute 66: 32:William Taft (disambiguation) 22355:20th-century American judges 22350:19th-century American judges 13071:1906–1909 Occupation of Cuba 12947:U.S. occupation of Nicaragua 12822:Provisional Governor of Cuba 12723:Works by William Howard Taft 12705:Works by William Howard Taft 12548:Wilensky, Norman N. (1965). 12461:Columbia Business Law Review 12211:, detailed coverage, to 1910 11657:Anderson, Donald F. (1973). 11182:"Lying in State or in Honor" 10117:National Constitution Center 7959:National Constitution Center 7702:259 U.S. 20 (1922). Justice 7301:National Constitution Center 7100:exclusion on account of race 7048:Pierce v. Society of Sisters 6419:United States Commerce Court 6167: 6059: 5832:United States foreign policy 5309:minds". Taft did not impose 5005:After admission to the Ohio 4799:, Ohio in 1857. His father, 4448:Classical education movement 3436:The Imaginative Conservative 897:U.S. occupation of Nicaragua 260:Provisional Governor of Cuba 7: 22305:Politicians from Cincinnati 20359:Republican Jewish Coalition 20274:Republican Governance Group 17661:indicate military governors 15113:All presidential candidates 12932:Defense Secrets Act of 1911 12729:(public domain audiobooks) 12582: 12563: 12499:U. of Cincinnati Law Review 12076:(1969) covers 1910 to 1912. 12048:Congress and the Presidency 12022:Istre, Logan Stagg (2021). 11709:Western Political Quarterly 11645:Sources and further reading 9837:Istre, Logan Stagg (2021). 9787:. Federal Judicial Center. 9785:"Commerce Court, 1910–1913" 8357:Journal of American History 7449:Taft on U.S. postage stamps 7437: 7293:Arlington National Cemetery 7269:Arlington National Cemetery 7006:Individual and civil rights 6668:Taft (left) with President 6452:Moving apart from Roosevelt 6052:, which lasted until 1933. 5790:Organization and principles 5676:1908 electoral vote results 5487:Portsmouth Peace Conference 4876:Arlington National Cemetery 4271:Faith and Freedom Coalition 4261:Council for National Policy 4246:American Conservative Union 4234:Young Americans for Liberty 4084:American Family Association 4003:Concerned Women for America 3053:Rhode Island Suffrage Party 707:William Howard Taft's voice 537:Arlington National Cemetery 10: 22521: 22455:Members of Skull and Bones 22320:1910s in the United States 22315:1900s in the United States 21928:Chestnut and Gibson (1998) 21868:Herbert C. Hoover Building 20279:Republican Study Committee 13800:James Stillman Rockefeller 13137:High school (New York City 12672:December 25, 2018, at the 12441:Regan, Richard J. (2015). 12215:Pringle, Henry F. (1939). 12125:. New York: Random House. 11956:Missouri Historical Review 11872:December 14, 2020, at the 11648: 11316:Allan D. Peterkin (2001). 11026:Social History of Medicine 10032:November 28, 2020, at the 8330:"The Move to Institutions" 8328:Kennedy, David W. (1987). 7719:dissented without opinion. 7706:dissented without opinion. 7306:president with facial hair 7283:Legacy and historical view 7179:Declining health and death 6848: 6772: 6728:Connecticut National Guard 6648:Return to Yale (1913–1921) 6558: 6444: 6333: 6235: 6171: 6121:annual message to Congress 6102:Chinese Revolution of 1911 5946: 5927:led by Prime Minister Sir 5719: 5708: 5524: 4764:, the chosen successor of 4608:History of US conservatism 4426:Asian and Pacific Islander 4331:Republican Study Committee 4229:Young America's Foundation 4219:National Journalism Center 4067:Alliance Defending Freedom 3981:National Rifle Association 3801:The Washington Free Beacon 3717:Independent Journal Review 3300:New Hampshire Union Leader 3215:Pacific Research Institute 3111:Center for Security Policy 3011:Constitutional Union Party 2979:American Independent Party 29: 22440:Boston University faculty 22156: 22129: 22051: 21974: 21965: 21909: 21884: 21866: 21848: 21816: 21573: 21564: 21555: 21483: 21450: 21421: 21403: 21361: 21311: 21286: 21231: 21191: 21164: 21147: 21076: 21043: 21014: 20985: 20956: 20938: 20913: 20886: 20869: 20829: 20785: 20716: 20697: 20674:Secretary of the Interior 20672: 20663:George von Lengerke Meyer 20653: 20634: 20615: 20590: 20573:Secretary of the Treasury 20571: 20560: 20543: 20454: 20417:Republican Liberty Caucus 20397: 20327: 20289: 20220: 20209: 20164: 19903: 19889: 19829: 19460: 19451: 19242: 19045: 18908: 18104: 18064: 17991: 17972: 17949:Secretary of the Interior 17947: 17898: 17889:George von Lengerke Meyer 17855: 17824: 17793: 17764:Secretary of the Treasury 17762: 17751: 17722: 17667:indicate acting governors 17654: 17549: 17536: 17495: 17488: 17426: 16776: 16763: 16746: 16466: 16453: 16402: 16391: 16075: 15846: 15706: 15693: 15675: 15643: 15498: 15198: 15185: 15103: 14541: 14537: 14469: 14341: 13864: 13824: 13796: 13784: 13776: 13771: 13761: 13746: 13738: 13728: 13709: 13701: 13696: 13686: 13677: 13669: 13657: 13646: 13628: 13618: 13609: 13601: 13589: 13573: 13563: 13547: 13539: 13521: 13511: 13493: 13488: 13478: 13469: 13461: 13451: 13439: 13434: 13424: 13415: 13407: 13397: 13390: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13325: 13282: 13191: 13160: 13089: 13041: 13008: 12990: 12912:Apportionment Act of 1911 12907:Wireless Ship Act of 1910 12862: 12791: 12594:January 30, 2015, at the 12431:Constitutional Commentary 12089:Pacific Historical Review 12040:10.1017/S1537781420000079 11010:, pp. 963–964, 1072. 10787:White, G. Edward (2015). 9855:10.1017/S1537781420000079 9621:Harlan, Louis R. (1983). 7850:. CQ Press. p. 428. 7597:Son of the late president 7539:85 F. 271 (6th Cir. 1898) 7234:Asheville, North Carolina 6769:Chief Justice (1921–1930) 6676:at the dedication of the 6141:, but Reid, owner of the 6127: 6007:Frederick Russell Burnham 5751:George von Lengerke Meyer 5604:General election campaign 5507:Japanese control of Korea 5444:Isthmian Canal Commission 5388:When Taft took office as 5056:, became a U.S. senator. 4974:The Cincinnati Commercial 4850:. In the White House, he 4383:Pacific Justice Institute 4018:Independent Women's Forum 3394:Claremont Review of Books 3366:The American Conservative 3146:Family Research Institute 3063:National Republican Party 2696:The Managerial Revolution 872:Wireless Ship Act of 1910 735: 700: 688: 671: 638: 628: 607: 581: 552: 542: 532: 515: 495: 490: 486: 474: 462: 454: 443: 435: 423: 413: 401: 390: 382: 370: 349: 337: 326: 319: 307: 286: 276: 265: 257: 245: 233: 225: 214: 206: 194: 182: 170: 159: 151: 139: 127: 99: 88: 80: 76: 48: 41: 22465:Members of Phi Kappa Phi 20699:Secretary of Agriculture 20187:Northern Mariana Islands 17974:Secretary of Agriculture 17926:Charles Joseph Bonaparte 17846:Charles Joseph Bonaparte 13772:Awards and achievements 13697:Party political offices 13367:Offices and distinctions 13231:Robert Alphonso Taft Jr. 13081:National War Labor Board 12892:Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act 12638: 12054:Lurie, Jonathan (2011). 11922:Gould, Lewis L. (2008). 11903:Gould, Lewis L. (2014). 11357:, pp. 259, 264–265. 10975:10.1378/chest.124.3.1133 10687:Torruella, Juan (1988). 8679:, pp. 293–295, 301. 7847:The Supreme Court A to Z 7454: 7406: 6743:National War Labor Board 6698:American Bar Association 6555:Primaries and convention 6405:Chancellor of New Jersey 6317:University of Notre Dame 6232:Ballinger–Pinchot affair 6206:American Tobacco Company 6003:Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua 5872:Senate Finance Committee 5620:1908 Taft/Sherman poster 5432:Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty 5142:cases." Among these was 4886:Early life and education 4710:United States portal 4507:Parental rights movement 4184:Franklin News Foundation 4129:Foundation for Moral Law 3949:National Taxpayers Union 3926:Americans for Tax Reform 3898:Sinclair Broadcast Group 3594:One America News Network 2883:Griggs v. Duke Power Co. 2796:The Revolt of the Elites 2666:Democracy and Leadership 1014:This article is part of 867:Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act 757:This article is part of 657:University of Cincinnati 22485:20th-century Unitarians 22480:19th-century Unitarians 22435:Yale Law School faculty 22425:American legal scholars 22395:Lawyers from Cincinnati 13455:Henry Franklin Severens 13225:William Howard Taft III 13076:League to Enforce Peace 12575:April 25, 2006, at the 12236:Rosen, Jeffrey (2018). 11885:Goodwin, Doris Kearns. 11700:Anderson, Judith Icke. 10164:The Heritage Foundation 7399:the fabled cherry trees 6717:League to Enforce Peace 6694:Commission of Fine Arts 6032:Nicaragua's president, 5933:September 1911 election 5874:, Rhode Island Senator 5839:Tariffs and reciprocity 5749:and Postmaster General 5270:Philippine–American War 4968:, and graduated with a 4872:League to Enforce Peace 4696:Conservatism portal 4598:Conservative talk radio 4487:Libertarian republicans 4296:John M. Olin Foundation 4256:The Conservative Caucus 4114:Family Research Council 3986:Second Amendment Caucus 3335:The Wall Street Journal 3161:The Heritage Foundation 2706:Ideas Have Consequences 1355:America First Committee 1139:American exceptionalism 430:Henry Franklin Severens 22375:Colonial heads of Cuba 21818:National Statuary Hall 21277:Nicholas Murray Butler 20896:William Jennings Bryan 20644:Frank Harris Hitchcock 20269:Problem Solvers Caucus 17963:James Rudolph Garfield 17433: 16753: 15133:Third-party candidates 14759:Winfield Scott Hancock 14649:William Henry Harrison 13956:William Henry Harrison 13750:lain in state or honor 13275:(paternal grandfather) 13219:Charles Phelps Taft II 13066:Taft–Katsura agreement 12957:Ceremonial first pitch 12698:April 8, 2015, at the 12650:March 7, 2021, at the 12310:Taft, William Howard. 12292:Taft, William Howard. 11781:(1971) 3: 2049–2131. 11215:Historical Information 11075:. iUniverse. pp. 10726:, 272 U.S. at 166, 176 8366:March 7, 2021, at the 8359:53.2 (1966): 279–298. 8289:July 26, 2020, at the 7961:. September 15, 2018. 7844:Jost, Kenneth (1993). 7469:Twenty-fifth Amendment 7434: 7423: 7404: 7384:Senate Majority Leader 7367: 7337:rankings by historians 7332: 7295: 7256: 7215: 7128: 7079:Double Jeopardy Clause 7075:federal district court 7067:United States v. Lanza 6964:Myers v. United States 6958: 6795: 6681: 6642:Nicholas Murray Butler 6633: 6618: 6593: 6570: 6496:William Jennings Bryan 6491:Dred Scott v. Sandford 6467: 6353: 6193: 5978: 5906: 5848: 5731: 5705:Presidency (1909–1913) 5677: 5621: 5545: 5532:Gaining the nomination 5489:, which would end the 5385: 5250: 5192:in July stampeded the 5190:William Jennings Bryan 5104:United States Congress 4902: 4844:William Jennings Bryan 4167:Thomas More Law Center 3863:The Political Cesspool 3856:Million Dollar Extreme 3373:The American Spectator 3167:Mandate for Leadership 3121:Charles Koch Institute 3031:Conservative Democrats 3020:historically, factions 1350:Conservative coalition 1345:Conservative Manifesto 1250:Peace through strength 1225:Judeo-Christian values 962:National Historic Site 903:Presidential campaigns 21452:Socialist Labor Party 21299:Robert M. La Follette 21081:Other 1908 elections: 20847:Robert M. La Follette 20655:Secretary of the Navy 20354:Log Cabin Republicans 17900:Secretary of the Navy 17432: 16752: 16600:Edward Douglass White 15500:Assistant Secretaries 14186:Franklin D. Roosevelt 13661:Charles Edward Magoon 13593:Philippine Commission 13531:Philippine Commission 13465:Edward Douglass White 13023:Judiciary Act of 1925 12972:Judicial appointments 12506:The Yale Law Journal 12490:90 (2005): 1363–1385 12285:50#3 (1963): 424–442 12196:19.4 (1994): 111–120. 11830:19#3 (1995): 473–497 11604:Taft, Robert Alphonso 11571:"Gold Medal Honorees" 11545:National Park Service 11129:, pp. 1077–1079. 10846:, pp. 1057–1064. 10789:"The lost episode of 10306:, pp. 45, 57–69. 9675:12.4 (2013): 434–474. 9536:, pp. 85–86, 89. 7802:Franklin D. Roosevelt 7672:The Republicans were 7432: 7421: 7395: 7388:Eastern Establishment 7365: 7330: 7290: 7247: 7220:Hoover's inauguration 7209: 7121: 6956: 6849:Further information: 6787: 6773:Further information: 6667: 6631: 6616: 6591: 6568: 6559:Further information: 6459: 6445:Further information: 6386:Edward Douglass White 6362:Franklin D. Roosevelt 6346:Edward Douglass White 6343: 6330:Judicial appointments 6198:Sherman Antitrust Act 6181: 5972: 5904: 5880:Robert M. La Follette 5846: 5744:Agriculture Secretary 5736:sworn in as president 5729: 5720:Further information: 5675: 5667:Hot Springs, Virginia 5651:Sherman Antitrust Act 5619: 5539: 5468:Charles Edward Magoon 5377: 5266:Philippine Revolution 5243:Philippine Commission 5234: 5204:, strongly advocated 5158:Sherman Antitrust Act 5045:, which was illegal. 5001:Ohio lawyer and judge 4976:newspaper, edited by 4966:Cincinnati Law School 4931:U.S. Secretary of War 4893: 4827:. In 1901, President 4805:U.S. attorney general 4784:vote by running as a 4634:Barstool conservatism 4194:Media Research Center 4023:Log Cabin Republicans 4013:Gays Against Groomers 3971:Gun Owners of America 3464:The National Interest 3314:The New York Observer 3255:Witherspoon Institute 3195:James Madison Program 3068:Native American Party 2836:Why Liberalism Failed 2806:The Death of the West 2766:A Conflict of Visions 2726:The Conservative Mind 2492:LaHaye (Beverly) 1402:Republican Revolution 1297:Supply-side economics 1154:Christian nationalism 726:Recorded October 1912 314:Charles Edward Magoon 189:Edward Douglass White 22390:American prosecutors 21550:in the United States 21488:Other 1912 elections 20842:Charles W. Fairbanks 20682:Richard A. Ballinger 20625:George W. Wickersham 20384:Republicans Overseas 20374:Teen Age Republicans 20177:District of Columbia 18578:1964 (San Francisco) 18538:1956 (San Francisco) 18074:National Union Party 16632:Charles Evans Hughes 14837:Charles Evans Hughes 14206:Dwight D. Eisenhower 13732:Charles Evans Hughes 13543:Arthur MacArthur Jr. 13497:Jacob Gould Schurman 13482:Charles Evans Hughes 13331:← Theodore Roosevelt 13207:Robert Alphonso Taft 13018:Supreme Court career 12887:Income Tax amendment 12521:The Yale Law Journal 12488:Minnesota Law Review 12274:9#4 (1979): 402–414 12162:Villanova Law Review 12003:Hechler, Kenneth W. 11756:Butt, Archibald W. 11114:, pp. 963, 967. 11069:Bendat, Jim (2012). 10997:on January 31, 2013. 10933:, pp. 996–1000. 10231:, pp. 132, 176. 10025:Smithsonian Magazine 9191:, pp. 185, 190. 8715:, pp. 285, 291. 8691:, pp. 269, 274. 8280:Villanova Law Review 7898:Taft, William Howard 7291:Taft's headstone at 7212:Charles Evans Hughes 7127:cover, June 30, 1924 7020:Fourteenth Amendment 6994:McGrain v. Daugherty 6974:Tenure of Office Act 6935:Balzac v. Porto Rico 6928:Powers of government 6914:Nineteenth Amendment 6819:the Ohio politicians 6788:Chief Justice Taft, 6715:As president of the 6706:William Draper Lewis 6382:Charles Evans Hughes 6301:Booker T. Washington 6272:George W. Wickersham 6252:Richard A. Ballinger 6202:Standard Oil Company 6098:Zaifeng, Prince Chun 5925:Parliament of Canada 5896:Payne-Aldrich tariff 5892:conference committee 5773:First Lady's illness 5568:corporate corruption 5564:Charles Evans Hughes 5542:Evolution of a Smile 5495:Treaty of Portsmouth 5402:Henry Billings Brown 5330:Governor of New York 5293:in the provinces of 5274:Arthur MacArthur Jr. 5221:arbitration movement 5198:Cross of Gold speech 5132:John Marshall Harlan 4946:Woodward High School 4897:photograph of Taft, 4541:Right-libertarianism 4536:Reactionary feminism 4321:Philadelphia Society 4213:Youth/student groups 4094:Chalcedon Foundation 3689:Front Porch Republic 3345:The Washington Times 3245:Sutherland Institute 3240:State Policy Network 3200:Leadership Institute 2746:A Choice Not an Echo 2686:Our Enemy, the State 2656:Democracy in America 1164:Classical liberalism 1144:American nationalism 1027:in the United States 862:Income Tax amendment 356:Jacob Gould Schurman 201:Charles Evans Hughes 22475:American Unitarians 22450:Yale College alumni 22255:William Howard Taft 21720:J. E. Hoover (1972) 21258:William Howard Taft 20926:John Albert Johnson 20812:William Howard Taft 20536:William Howard Taft 20337:College Republicans 18758:2000 (Philadelphia) 18498:1948 (Philadelphia) 18458:1940 (Philadelphia) 18275:1900 (Philadelphia) 18184:1872 (Philadelphia) 18132:1856 (Philadelphia) 18084:Fourth Party System 18001:George B. Cortelyou 17914:William Henry Moody 17883:George B. Cortelyou 17865:Charles Emory Smith 17840:William Henry Moody 17809:William Howard Taft 17784:George B. Cortelyou 17497:Military government 16616:William Howard Taft 14827:William Howard Taft 14719:George B. McClellan 14611:William H. Crawford 14567:Charles C. Pinckney 14136:William Howard Taft 14056:Rutherford B. Hayes 13632:Tomás Estrada Palma 13581:as Chairman of the 13505:Schurman Commission 13503:as Chairman of the 13255:Charles Phelps Taft 13127:U.S. Postage stamps 12785:William Howard Taft 12738:William Howard Taft 12686:, September 6, 1999 12656:Library of Congress 12627:William Howard Taft 12366:69.1 (2007): 73–87 12364:Journal of Politics 12314:(Best Books, 1908) 12014:36.1 (1973): 52–65 11947:80.1 (1976): 33–56 11453:, pp. 255–256. 11405:, pp. 262–263. 11273:, pp. 196–197. 11246:The Huffington Post 11221:on December 6, 2006 11158:. October 4, 2016. 11141:, pp. 349–350. 10957:"Taft and Pickwick" 10945:, pp. 361–362. 10921:, pp. 995–996. 10909:, pp. 849–850. 10885:, pp. 973–974. 10777:, pp. 985–986. 10597:, pp. 170–171. 10558:, pp. 957–959. 10519:, pp. 166–168. 10495:, pp. 110–134. 10466:, pp. 107–110. 10372:The Washington Post 10354:, pp. 890–899. 10318:, pp. 859–860. 10255:, pp. 856–857. 10219:, pp. 836–841. 10207:, pp. 169–171. 10195:, pp. 832–835. 10170:on October 3, 2016. 10144:, pp. 213–218. 9997:, pp. 163–166. 9961:, pp. 183–185. 9937:, pp. 226–230. 9925:, pp. 635–640. 9913:, pp. 222–225. 9901:, pp. 117–119. 9889:, pp. 110–113. 9827:, pp. 129–130. 9815:, pp. 569–579. 9747:, pp. 339–340. 9735:, pp. 127–128. 9723:, pp. 123–127. 9611:, pp. 509–513. 9587:, pp. 507–509. 9524:, pp. 483–485. 9500:, pp. 160–163. 9476:, pp. 145–147. 9464:, pp. 157–159. 9449:, pp. 154–157. 9437:, pp. 168–169. 9411:Scholes and Scholes 9401:, pp. 199–200. 9389:, pp. 198–199. 9377:, pp. 217–221. 9375:Scholes and Scholes 9353:, pp. 194–195. 9341:, pp. 126–129. 9339:Scholes and Scholes 9329:, pp. 250–255. 9315:Scholes and Scholes 9303:Scholes and Scholes 9293:, pp. 186–187. 9269:, pp. 187–190. 9179:, pp. 593–595. 9167:, pp. 141–152. 9143:, pp. 102–108. 9107:, pp. 102–103. 9095:, pp. 276–278. 9083:, pp. 183–185. 9066:Scholes and Scholes 8985:, pp. 383–387. 8949:, pp. 393–395. 8901:, pp. 374–376. 8877:, pp. 358–360. 8865:, pp. 524–525. 8790:, pp. 348–353. 8766:, pp. 523–526. 8754:, pp. 337–338. 8742:, pp. 321–322. 8703:, pp. 281–282. 8643:, pp. 305–310. 8631:, pp. 279–283. 8619:, pp. 264–265. 8559:, pp. 251–255. 8547:, pp. 242–247. 8421:. South End Press. 8381:, pp. 159–162. 8269:, pp. 150–153. 8194:, pp. 120–123. 8170:, pp. 110–114. 8158:, pp. 106–111. 7782:260 U.S. 377 (1922) 7773:268 U.S. 510 (1925) 7764:268 U.S. 652 (1925) 7755:273 U.S. 135 (1927) 7737:258 U.S. 298 (1922) 7728:261 U.S. 525 (1923) 7717:James C. McReynolds 7693:247 U.S. 251 (1918) 7548:175 U.S. 211 (1899) 7506:561 (6th Cir. 1897) 7390:wing of the party. 7210:Taft insisted that 7053:James C. McReynolds 6924:of the government. 6897:Stafford v. Wallace 6882:Hammer v. Dagenhart 6724:state defense force 6609:Campaign and defeat 6580:sinking of the RMS 6538:, but those of the 6481:Lochner v. New York 6394:William Henry Moody 6390:Willis Van Devanter 6378:David Josiah Brewer 6246:and Chief Forester 6210:United States Steel 6115:, overthrowing the 6071:William W. Rockhill 6019:Francisco I. Madero 5888:Sixteenth Amendment 5476:Philippine Assembly 5460:Tomás Estrada Palma 5305:on April 16, 1902. 5291:concentration camps 5287:James Franklin Bell 5160:, was described by 5148:liberty of contract 5097:confession of error 4992:and easily passed. 4823:and a judge of the 4750:William Howard Taft 4546:Paleolibertarianism 4477:Hispanic and Latino 4353:America First Legal 4199:O'Keefe Media Group 4124:Focus on the Family 3915:Other organizations 3808:The Western Journal 3794:Washington Examiner 3640:Conservative Review 3558:The Weekly Standard 3551:Washington Examiner 3443:Jewish World Review 3286:Dallas Morning News 3205:Manhattan Institute 3156:Heartland Institute 3151:Gatestone Institute 3126:Claremont Institute 2916:Illegal immigration 2826:The Benedict Option 2716:God and Man at Yale 1743:Bush (George H. W.) 1728:Adams (John Quincy) 1213:Gender essentialism 951:Supreme Court cases 882:Defense Secrets Act 766:William Howard Taft 293:Tomás Estrada Palma 43:William Howard Taft 21920:US Capitol rotunda 21886:Old Senate Chamber 21575:US Capitol rotunda 21338:Theodore Roosevelt 21294:Theodore Roosevelt 21214:Thomas R. Marshall 21182:Thomas R. Marshall 21034:John Temple Graves 21016:Independence Party 20636:Postmaster General 20600:Jacob M. Dickinson 20545:Secretary of State 20369:Republicans Abroad 20234:Legislative Digest 18698:1988 (New Orleans) 18638:1976 (Kansas City) 18618:1972 (Miami Beach) 18598:1968 (Miami Beach) 18398:1928 (Kansas City) 18262:1896 (Saint Louis) 18249:1892 (Minneapolis) 18094:Sixth Party System 18089:Fifth Party System 18079:Third Party System 17957:Ethan A. Hitchcock 17938:Truman H. Newberry 17857:Postmaster General 17815:Luke Edward Wright 17724:Secretary of State 17715:Theodore Roosevelt 17551:Insular Government 17434: 16770:Associate justices 16754: 14709:Stephen A. Douglas 14126:Theodore Roosevelt 13780:Hiram Wesley Evans 13705:Theodore Roosevelt 13673:Theodore Roosevelt 13622:Luke Edward Wright 13567:Luke Edward Wright 13556:Served alongside: 13489:Political offices 13428:Charles H. Aldrich 13401:Samuel Furman Hunt 13315:Theodore Roosevelt 13267:Horace Dutton Taft 13213:Helen Taft Manning 12632:The New York Times 12508:35.1 (1925): 1–12. 12463:(2018) 1#1: 1–24. 12390:Mason, Alpheus T. 12194:Journalism History 12079:Mason, Alpheus T. 12072:Manners, William. 11865:(2011) pp 452–67. 11828:Diplomatic History 11711:7.1 (1954): 65–74 11290:The New York Times 11038:10.1093/shm/hkw015 10583:Trani & Wilson 10454:, pp. 93, 95. 8338:Cardozo Law Review 8122:, pp. 95–105. 7791:275 U.S. 78 (1927) 7746:272 U.S. 52 (1926) 7617:Harlan Fiske Stone 7435: 7424: 7368: 7333: 7296: 7273:James Earle Fraser 7257: 7216: 7201:N. E. Yorke-Davies 7186:Connecticut Avenue 7129: 7059:(the society) ran 7025:Gitlow v. New York 6982:had been impeached 6959: 6874:Harlan Fiske Stone 6872:, and (from 1925) 6796: 6732:American Red Cross 6682: 6634: 6619: 6594: 6571: 6544:Robert La Follette 6468: 6427:Robert W. Archbald 6354: 6194: 6075:William J. Calhoun 6034:José Santos Zelaya 5979: 5964:Mexican Revolution 5920:Elgin-Marcy Treaty 5907: 5866:, chairman of the 5849: 5763:Treasury Secretary 5732: 5678: 5622: 5578:Frank H. Hitchcock 5575:Postmaster General 5557:Treasury Secretary 5546: 5491:Russo-Japanese War 5452:George W. Goethals 5386: 5311:racial segregation 5251: 5082:Theodore Roosevelt 5066:U.S. Supreme Court 4948:in Cincinnati. At 4903: 4766:Theodore Roosevelt 4655:Republicans pounce 4462:Dark Enlightenment 4368:Federalist Society 4306:Liberty University 4291:John Birch Society 4251:Bradley Foundation 4179:Econ Journal Watch 3954:Tea Party Patriots 3881:Regnery Publishing 3682:FrontPage Magazine 3235:Rockford Institute 3230:R Street Institute 3180:Hoover Institution 3046:Southern Democrats 3006:Anti-Masonic Party 2989:Constitution Party 2676:I'll Take My Stand 2597:Schlafly (Phyllis) 1407:Tea Party movement 1365:Goldwater campaign 1335:Southern Agrarians 1287:Right to bear arms 1240:Limited government 1218:Complementarianism 506:September 15, 1857 481:Charles H. Aldrich 377:Luke Edward Wright 282:Theodore Roosevelt 252:Luke Edward Wright 229:Theodore Roosevelt 134:Theodore Roosevelt 22172: 22171: 22166: 22165: 22152: 22151: 22144:Lautenberg (2013) 22053:Great Hall of the 21961: 21960: 21905: 21904: 21672:R. A. Taft (1953) 21505: 21504: 21479: 21478: 21423:Prohibition Party 21399: 21398: 21357: 21356: 21314:Progressive Party 21307: 21306: 21227: 21226: 21097: 21096: 21072: 21071: 20987:Prohibition Party 20934: 20933: 20865: 20864: 20852:Joseph B. Foraker 20837:Philander C. Knox 20735: 20734: 20581:Franklin MacVeagh 20553:Philander C. Knox 20495: 20494: 20450: 20449: 20379:Young Republicans 20247:Senate Conference 20205: 20204: 19885: 19884: 18197:1876 (Cincinnati) 18022: 18021: 18007:Victor H. Metcalf 17932:Victor H. Metcalf 17834:Philander C. Knox 17674: 17673: 17478:governors-general 17443: 17442: 17439: 17438: 16759: 16758: 16712:William Rehnquist 16412: 16411: 16035: 16034: 16031: 16030: 15848:Under Secretaries 15673: 15672: 15645:Under Secretaries 15141: 15140: 15099: 15098: 15015:George H. W. Bush 14789:Benjamin Harrison 14659:Hugh Lawson White 14639:John Quincy Adams 14497: 14496: 14276:George H. W. Bush 14226:Lyndon B. Johnson 14156:Warren G. Harding 14096:Benjamin Harrison 14076:Chester A. Arthur 14066:James A. Garfield 13926:John Quincy Adams 13876:George Washington 13811: 13810: 13806: 13805: 13797:Succeeded by 13762:Succeeded by 13748:Persons who have 13742:Warren G. Harding 13729:Succeeded by 13687:Succeeded by 13658:Succeeded by 13644: 13640:President of Cuba 13619:Succeeded by 13587: 13564:Succeeded by 13554:1901–1904 13535: 13522:Succeeded by 13509: 13479:Succeeded by 13452:Succeeded by 13425:Succeeded by 13398:Succeeded by 13359: 13358: 13318:(2022 miniseries) 13310:(1979 miniseries) 13273:Peter Rawson Taft 13261:Henry Waters Taft 13201:Helen Herron Taft 13107:Malacañang Palace 12984:First Oval Office 12927:Radio Act of 1912 12877:1909 inauguration 12709:Project Gutenberg 12616:, audio recording 12452:978-0-8132-2721-4 12422:(1998) 1: 50–78. 12383:Lurie, Jonathan. 12335:978-0-7006-0152-3 12303:Taft, William H. 12263:978-0-8262-0094-5 12201:Pringle, Henry F. 12132:978-0-394-55509-6 12065:978-0-521-51421-7 11996:978-0-300-14514-4 11977:978-0-8263-4652-0 11960:Herbert S. Hadley 11933:978-0-7006-1564-3 11914:978-0-7006-2001-2 11878:Ellis, L. Ethan. 11854:978-0-8050-6956-3 11791:(Greenwood, 1981) 11746:Burton, David H. 11739:978-0-916101-51-0 11672:978-0-8014-0786-4 11615:978-0-679-80358-4 11420:, pp. 30–32. 11252:on August 6, 2010 11086:978-1-935278-48-1 10750:, pp. 95–96. 10714:, pp. 94–95. 10698:978-0-8477-3019-3 10653:, pp. 91–92. 10641:, pp. 90–91. 10612:, pp. 37–38. 10585:, pp. 48–49. 10404:, pp. 87–91. 10342:, pp. 69–71. 10330:, pp. 47–49. 10294:, pp. 19–20. 10074:, pp. 29–30. 9634:978-0-19-972909-8 9551:, pp. 89–92. 9512:, pp. 77–82. 9425:, pp. 82–83. 9413:, pp. 19–21. 9317:, pp. 21–23. 9281:, pp. 67–69. 9257:, pp. 66–67. 9155:, pp. 65–71. 9131:, pp. 60–65. 9119:, pp. 56–58. 9032:, pp. 61–62. 8841:, pp. 16–18. 8817:, pp. 15–16. 8595:, pp. 70–71. 8535:, pp. 35–37. 8523:, pp. 52–55. 8428:978-0-89608-275-5 8393:, pp. 41–42. 8314:978-1-138-56364-3 8218:, pp. 36–38. 8206:, pp. 28–30. 8146:, pp. 80–81. 8134:, pp. 13–15. 8110:, pp. 63–67. 8098:, pp. 10–11. 8086:, pp. 57–58. 8074:, pp. 54–55. 8062:, pp. 49–53. 8025:. March 9, 1930. 7909:978-0-679-80358-4 7822:Dwight Eisenhower 7621:William Rehnquist 7615:The others being 7559:Douglas MacArthur 7530:, pp. 33–34. 7430: 7419: 7345:John Quincy Adams 7092:In the 1927 case 7034:First Amendment's 7030:Edward T. Sanford 6839:executive session 6826:George Sutherland 6804:president-elect's 6759:League of Nations 6670:Warren G. Harding 6623:Progressive Party 6521:Warren G. Harding 6358:George Washington 6285:Louis D. Brandeis 6244:James R. Garfield 6113:Republic of China 6027:Arizona Territory 5876:Nelson W. Aldrich 5759:Franklin MacVeagh 5730:1909 inauguration 5594:Jonathan Dolliver 5440:Isthmus of Panama 5426:Through the 1903 5183:of Ohio Governor 5124:federal judgeship 5092:and their wives. 5090:Henry Cabot Lodge 5078:William M. Evarts 5076:New York Senator 5060:Solicitor General 5043:secondary boycott 5035:Joseph B. Foraker 5019:Chester A. Arthur 4958:George H. W. Bush 4860:over conservation 4821:solicitor general 4795:Taft was born in 4790:Warren G. Harding 4747: 4746: 4441:Reconstructionism 4326:Regent University 4286:Hillsdale College 4224:Turning Point USA 3992:Identity politics 3544:Southern Partisan 3520:The New Criterion 3339:(editorial board) 2891:Go woke, go broke 2592:Schlafly (Andrew) 2527:Mercer (daughter) 2497:LaHaye (Tim) 1375:Southern strategy 1174:Constitutionalism 1009: 1008: 887:Radio Act of 1912 823:Executive actions 774: 773: 739: 738: 716: 458:Benjamin Harrison 408:Benjamin Harrison 177:Warren G. Harding 16:(Redirected from 22512: 22300:Ohio Republicans 22237: 22236: 22235: 22225: 22224: 22213: 22212: 22201: 22200: 22199: 22189: 22188: 22187: 22180: 22055:US Supreme Court 21972: 21971: 21916: 21915: 21694:MacArthur (1964) 21571: 21570: 21532: 21525: 21518: 21509: 21508: 21462:Arthur E. Reimer 21441:Aaron S. Watkins 21433:Eugene W. Chafin 21405: 21404: 21388:Vice President: 21370: 21369: 21346:Vice President: 21326: 21325: 21287:Other candidates 21269:James S. Sherman 21246: 21245: 21234:Republican Party 21192:Other candidates 21180:Vice President: 21162: 21161: 21150:Democratic Party 21124: 21117: 21110: 21101: 21100: 21055:Thomas E. Watson 21026:Thomas L. Hisgen 21005:Aaron S. Watkins 20997:Eugene W. Chafin 20940: 20939: 20914:Other candidates 20902:Vice President: 20884: 20883: 20872:Democratic Party 20830:Other candidates 20820:James S. Sherman 20818:Vice President: 20800: 20799: 20788:Republican Party 20762: 20755: 20748: 20739: 20738: 20688:Walter L. Fisher 20617:Attorney General 20606:Henry L. Stimson 20592:Secretary of War 20566: 20565: 20522: 20515: 20508: 20499: 20498: 20252:Policy Committee 20228:House Conference 20218: 20217: 19901: 19900: 19458: 19457: 18878:2024 (Milwaukee) 18838:2016 (Cleveland) 18738:1996 (San Diego) 18438:1936 (Cleveland) 18378:1924 (Cleveland) 18158:1864 (Baltimore) 18058: 18057:Republican Party 18049: 18042: 18035: 18026: 18025: 17871:Henry Clay Payne 17826:Attorney General 17795:Secretary of War 17757: 17756: 17701: 17694: 17687: 17678: 17677: 17660: 17544: 17543: 17531: 17524: 17517: 17510: 17470: 17463: 17456: 17447: 17446: 17422: 17322: 17176: 17114: 17070: 16786: 16765: 16764: 16696:Warren E. Burger 16504:Oliver Ellsworth 16455: 16454: 16445:Justices of the 16439: 16432: 16425: 16416: 16415: 16397: 16062: 16055: 16048: 16039: 16038: 15704: 15703: 15688: 15681: 15196: 15195: 15168: 15161: 15154: 15145: 15144: 15131: 15130: 15121: 15120: 15111: 15110: 14799:William J. Bryan 14779:Grover Cleveland 14749:Samuel J. Tilden 14669:Martin Van Buren 14547:Thomas Jefferson 14539: 14538: 14524: 14517: 14510: 14501: 14500: 14487: 14486: 14477: 14476: 14116:William McKinley 14106:Grover Cleveland 14086:Grover Cleveland 14046:Ulysses S. Grant 13996:Millard Fillmore 13946:Martin Van Buren 13896:Thomas Jefferson 13851: 13844: 13837: 13828: 13827: 13815: 13814: 13777:Preceded by 13765:John J. Pershing 13739:Preceded by 13702:Preceded by 13670:Preceded by 13649:Governor of Cuba 13635: 13629:Preceded by 13602:Preceded by 13578: 13574:Preceded by 13540:Preceded by 13529:as Chair of the 13526: 13500: 13494:Preceded by 13462:Preceded by 13446: 13411:Orlow W. Chapman 13408:Preceded by 13383:Preceded by 13375: 13374: 13363: 13362: 13349: 13348: 13338:Woodrow Wilson → 13033:Taft Court cases 13003: 12996: 12882:Dollar diplomacy 12855: 12844: 12836: 12825: 12814: 12803: 12778: 12771: 12764: 12755: 12754: 12749: 12734: 12733: 12718:Internet Archive 12553: 12544: 12515:(January 1958). 12501:60 (1991): 963+. 12483: 12456: 12415: 12376:(1975): 123–145 12359: 12339: 12267: 12241: 12222: 12210: 12189: 12164:56 (2011): 535+ 12157: 12136: 12112: 12069: 12043: 12000: 11981: 11937: 11918: 11895:Gould, Lewis L. 11858: 11823: 11811: 11800: 11743: 11726:Burton, David H. 11697: 11676: 11664: 11639: 11633: 11627: 11626: 11624: 11622: 11608:. Random House. 11607: 11597: 11591: 11590: 11588: 11586: 11577:. Archived from 11567: 11561: 11560: 11558: 11556: 11532: 11526: 11520: 11514: 11508: 11502: 11496: 11490: 11489:, p. xviii. 11484: 11478: 11472: 11466: 11460: 11454: 11448: 11442: 11439: 11433: 11427: 11421: 11415: 11406: 11400: 11394: 11388: 11382: 11376: 11370: 11364: 11358: 11352: 11346: 11345: 11343: 11341: 11313: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11302: 11280: 11274: 11268: 11262: 11261: 11259: 11257: 11248:. Archived from 11237: 11231: 11230: 11228: 11226: 11207: 11198: 11197: 11195: 11193: 11178: 11172: 11171: 11169: 11167: 11156:millercenter.org 11148: 11142: 11136: 11130: 11124: 11115: 11109: 11103: 11102: 11100: 11098: 11066: 11060: 11059: 11049: 11017: 11011: 11005: 10999: 10998: 10993:. Archived from 10969:(3): 1133–1142. 10952: 10946: 10940: 10934: 10928: 10922: 10916: 10910: 10904: 10898: 10892: 10886: 10880: 10874: 10868: 10859: 10853: 10847: 10841: 10835: 10829: 10823: 10822: 10820: 10818: 10812: 10797: 10791:Gong Lum v. Rice 10784: 10778: 10772: 10766: 10760: 10751: 10745: 10739: 10733: 10727: 10721: 10715: 10709: 10703: 10702: 10684: 10678: 10672: 10666: 10660: 10654: 10648: 10642: 10636: 10630: 10624: 10613: 10607: 10598: 10592: 10586: 10580: 10574: 10568: 10559: 10553: 10544: 10538: 10532: 10526: 10520: 10514: 10508: 10502: 10496: 10490: 10484: 10478: 10467: 10461: 10455: 10449: 10443: 10442: 10436: 10434: 10422:New-York Tribune 10418: 10411: 10405: 10399: 10393: 10392: 10386: 10384: 10368: 10361: 10355: 10349: 10343: 10337: 10331: 10325: 10319: 10313: 10307: 10301: 10295: 10289: 10283: 10277: 10271: 10265: 10256: 10250: 10244: 10243:, pp. 5–12. 10238: 10232: 10226: 10220: 10214: 10208: 10202: 10196: 10190: 10184: 10178: 10172: 10171: 10166:. Archived from 10151: 10145: 10139: 10133: 10132: 10130: 10128: 10119:. Archived from 10108: 10099: 10093: 10087: 10081: 10075: 10069: 10063: 10057: 10051: 10045: 10036: 10021:Lewis L. Gould, 10019: 10013: 10007: 9998: 9992: 9986: 9980: 9974: 9968: 9962: 9956: 9950: 9944: 9938: 9932: 9926: 9920: 9914: 9908: 9902: 9896: 9890: 9884: 9875: 9874: 9834: 9828: 9822: 9816: 9810: 9801: 9800: 9798: 9796: 9781: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9769: 9764:on July 30, 2016 9754: 9748: 9742: 9736: 9730: 9724: 9718: 9712: 9706: 9700: 9694: 9688: 9682: 9676: 9669: 9663: 9657: 9651: 9650: 9648: 9646: 9618: 9612: 9606: 9600: 9594: 9588: 9582: 9576: 9570: 9564: 9558: 9552: 9546: 9537: 9531: 9525: 9519: 9513: 9507: 9501: 9495: 9489: 9483: 9477: 9471: 9465: 9459: 9450: 9444: 9438: 9432: 9426: 9420: 9414: 9408: 9402: 9396: 9390: 9384: 9378: 9372: 9366: 9360: 9354: 9348: 9342: 9336: 9330: 9324: 9318: 9312: 9306: 9300: 9294: 9288: 9282: 9276: 9270: 9264: 9258: 9252: 9246: 9240: 9231: 9225: 9219: 9213: 9207: 9201: 9192: 9186: 9180: 9174: 9168: 9162: 9156: 9150: 9144: 9138: 9132: 9126: 9120: 9114: 9108: 9102: 9096: 9090: 9084: 9078: 9069: 9063: 9057: 9051: 9045: 9039: 9033: 9027: 9021: 9015: 9009: 9008: 9004: 8998: 8992: 8986: 8980: 8974: 8968: 8962: 8956: 8950: 8944: 8938: 8932: 8926: 8920: 8914: 8908: 8902: 8896: 8890: 8884: 8878: 8872: 8866: 8860: 8854: 8848: 8842: 8836: 8830: 8824: 8818: 8812: 8803: 8797: 8791: 8785: 8779: 8773: 8767: 8761: 8755: 8749: 8743: 8737: 8731: 8725: 8716: 8710: 8704: 8698: 8692: 8686: 8680: 8674: 8668: 8662: 8656: 8650: 8644: 8638: 8632: 8626: 8620: 8614: 8608: 8602: 8596: 8590: 8584: 8578: 8572: 8566: 8560: 8554: 8548: 8542: 8536: 8530: 8524: 8518: 8512: 8506: 8500: 8494: 8488: 8482: 8476: 8475: 8473: 8471: 8456: 8450: 8449: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8412: 8406: 8400: 8394: 8388: 8382: 8376: 8370: 8353: 8347: 8346: 8334: 8325: 8319: 8318: 8300: 8294: 8282:56 (2011): 535+ 8276: 8270: 8264: 8258: 8252: 8243: 8237: 8231: 8225: 8219: 8213: 8207: 8201: 8195: 8189: 8183: 8177: 8171: 8165: 8159: 8153: 8147: 8141: 8135: 8129: 8123: 8117: 8111: 8105: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8081: 8075: 8069: 8063: 8057: 8051: 8045: 8039: 8038: 8036: 8034: 8015: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7990:Business Insider 7981: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7970: 7951: 7945: 7939: 7933: 7927: 7921: 7920: 7918: 7916: 7902:. Random House. 7901: 7891: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7869: 7841: 7825: 7811: 7805: 7798: 7792: 7789: 7783: 7780: 7774: 7771: 7765: 7762: 7756: 7753: 7747: 7744: 7738: 7735: 7729: 7726: 7720: 7713: 7707: 7700: 7694: 7691: 7685: 7682:Thomas E. Watson 7678:William E. Borah 7670: 7664: 7661: 7655: 7648: 7642: 7639: 7633: 7630: 7624: 7613: 7607: 7604: 7598: 7595: 7589: 7582: 7576: 7568: 7562: 7555: 7549: 7546: 7540: 7537: 7531: 7513: 7507: 7500: 7494: 7487: 7481: 7478: 7472: 7465: 7431: 7420: 7173:the new building 7104:Chinese ancestry 7061:Catholic schools 6794: 6791: 6686:Lincoln Memorial 6678:Lincoln Memorial 6370:Horace H. Lurton 6192: 6189: 6144:New-York Tribune 6079:Open Door Policy 5987:Francisco Madero 5955:Dollar Diplomacy 5949:Dollar Diplomacy 5821:State Department 5802: 5655:the constitution 5598:James S. Sherman 5560:George Cortelyou 5483:Secretary of War 5390:Secretary of War 5365:Secretary of War 5355:Secretary of War 5345:religious orders 5249:(March 27, 1901) 5239:Jamalul Kiram II 5227:Philippine years 5185:William McKinley 5028:Grover Cleveland 4970:Bachelor of Laws 4939:Ulysses S. Grant 4937:under President 4935:Attorney General 4900: 4829:William McKinley 4811:. Taft attended 4809:secretary of war 4776:after Roosevelt 4739: 4732: 4725: 4712: 4708: 4707: 4706: 4698: 4694: 4693: 4692: 4558:Neo-Confederates 4519:Patriot movement 4492:Militia movement 4311:Moms for Liberty 4208: 4143: 4089:The American TFP 4055:Three Percenters 3940: 3892:The Rubin Report 3563: 3532: 3513:The New Atlantis 3506:The New American 3478:Public Discourse 3457:National Affairs 3380:American Thinker 3359:American Affairs 3307:The Jewish Voice 3185:Hudson Institute 3106:American Compass 3058:Federalist Party 3041:Reagan Democrats 3016:Democratic Party 2994:Republican Party 2953:Managerial state 2863:Multiculturalism 2841: 2831: 2821: 2811: 2801: 2791: 2781: 2771: 2761: 2751: 2741: 2731: 2721: 2711: 2701: 2691: 2681: 2671: 2661: 1748:Bush (George W.) 1590:Kuehnelt-Leddihn 1257:Moral absolutism 1169:Communitarianism 1038: 1028: 1011: 1010: 1001: 994: 987: 976: 975: 857:Dollar diplomacy 770: 769: 767: 760: 752: 745: 744: 741: 740: 723:abolition of war 718: 717: 696: 664: 575: 573: 569: 526:Washington, D.C. 522: 505: 503: 491:Personal details 477: 469:Orlow W. Chapman 465: 448: 426: 419:Seat established 416: 404: 395: 373: 352: 344:William McKinley 340: 331: 310: 289: 279: 270: 248: 236: 219: 197: 185: 173: 164: 142: 130: 111:James S. Sherman 104: 93: 71: 68: 58: 39: 38: 21: 22520: 22519: 22515: 22514: 22513: 22511: 22510: 22509: 22245: 22244: 22243: 22233: 22231: 22219: 22207: 22197: 22195: 22185: 22183: 22175: 22173: 22168: 22167: 22162: 22148: 22125: 22121:O'Connor (2023) 22112:Ginsburg (2020, 22089:Blackmun (1999) 22071:Marshall (1993) 22054: 22047: 21957: 21953:Williams (2022) 21943:Sicknick (2021) 21901: 21880: 21862: 21844: 21831:Ginsburg (2020, 21826:Cummings (2019) 21812: 21733:Humphrey (1978) 21667:Pershing (1948) 21636:L'Enfant (1909) 21560: 21551: 21536: 21506: 21501: 21475: 21470:August Gillhaus 21446: 21417: 21395: 21364:Socialist Party 21353: 21317: 21303: 21282: 21265:Vice President: 21237: 21223: 21209:Oscar Underwood 21187: 21153: 21143: 21128: 21098: 21093: 21068: 21063:Samuel Williams 21039: 21010: 20981: 20958:Socialist Party 20952: 20930: 20909: 20875: 20861: 20825: 20791: 20781: 20766: 20736: 20731: 20712: 20693: 20668: 20649: 20630: 20611: 20586: 20567: 20563: 20558: 20539: 20526: 20496: 20491: 20446: 20399: 20393: 20329: 20323: 20291: 20285: 20212: 20201: 20160: 19896: 19894: 19881: 19830:Chair elections 19825: 19447: 19346:D. B. Henderson 19334:T. J. Henderson 19259: 19256: 19254: 19249: 19245: 19238: 19056: 19053: 19051: 19048: 19041: 18914:administrations 18912: 18904: 18798:2008 (St. Paul) 18778:2004 (New York) 18123: 18120: 18118: 18114: 18111: 18107: 18100: 18060: 18056: 18053: 18023: 18018: 17987: 17968: 17943: 17908:John Davis Long 17894: 17851: 17820: 17789: 17758: 17754: 17749: 17718: 17705: 17675: 17670: 17658: 17650: 17553: 17545: 17538: 17534: 17527: 17520: 17513: 17506: 17499: 17491: 17484: 17474: 17444: 17435: 17424: 17423: 17417: 17415: 17317: 17258:J. M. Harlan II 17171: 17109: 17065: 16781: 16772: 16755: 16744: 16743: 16648:Harlan F. Stone 16584:Melville Fuller 16552:Salmon P. Chase 16462: 16449: 16443: 16413: 16408: 16398: 16389: 16071: 16066: 16036: 16027: 15849: 15842: 15709: 15699: 15696: 15689: 15683: 15682: 15669: 15646: 15639: 15501: 15494: 15201: 15191: 15188: 15181: 15172: 15142: 15137: 15095: 15094: 15075:Hillary Clinton 15005:Michael Dukakis 14965:George McGovern 14955:Hubert Humphrey 14945:Barry Goldwater 14921:Adlai Stevenson 14907:Thomas E. Dewey 14897:Wendell Willkie 14817:Alton B. Parker 14769:James G. Blaine 14729:Horatio Seymour 14699:John C. Frémont 14533: 14528: 14498: 14493: 14465: 14391:F. D. Roosevelt 14343: 14337: 14336: 14335: 14216:John F. Kennedy 14196:Harry S. Truman 14166:Calvin Coolidge 14026:Abraham Lincoln 14006:Franklin Pierce 13866: 13860: 13855: 13820: 13812: 13807: 13802: 13793: 13782: 13767: 13758: 13752: 13744: 13734: 13719: 13707: 13692: 13683: 13675: 13665: 13663: 13654: 13651: 13634: 13624: 13615: 13607: 13596: 13583:Taft Commission 13577: 13569: 13555: 13553: 13545: 13525: 13518: 13515:Taft Commission 13499: 13484: 13475: 13467: 13457: 13448: 13441: 13430: 13421: 13413: 13403: 13394: 13388: 13368: 13360: 13355: 13321: 13295:Progressive Era 13278: 13187: 13156: 13090:Life and legacy 13085: 13049:Taft Commission 13037: 13010: 13004: 12998: 12997: 12988: 12922:Mann–Elkins Act 12866: 12858: 12847: 12839: 12828: 12817: 12806: 12795: 12787: 12782: 12752: 12731: 12700:Wayback Machine 12674:Wayback Machine 12652:Wayback Machine 12641: 12623: 12596:Wayback Machine 12585: 12577:Wayback Machine 12566: 12560: 12472:Scalia, Antonin 12453: 12433:9 (1992): 199+ 12346: 12336: 12264: 12133: 12101:10.2307/3636924 12066: 11997: 11978: 11941:Gould, Lewis L. 11934: 11915: 11882:(Yale UP, 1939) 11874:Wayback Machine 11855: 11820: 11740: 11673: 11653: 11647: 11642: 11634: 11630: 11620: 11618: 11616: 11598: 11594: 11584: 11582: 11581:on July 2, 2019 11569: 11568: 11564: 11554: 11552: 11533: 11529: 11521: 11517: 11509: 11505: 11497: 11493: 11485: 11481: 11477:, pp. 3–4. 11473: 11469: 11461: 11457: 11449: 11445: 11440: 11436: 11428: 11424: 11416: 11409: 11401: 11397: 11389: 11385: 11377: 11373: 11365: 11361: 11353: 11349: 11339: 11337: 11330: 11314: 11310: 11300: 11298: 11281: 11277: 11269: 11265: 11255: 11253: 11238: 11234: 11224: 11222: 11209: 11208: 11201: 11191: 11189: 11180: 11179: 11175: 11165: 11163: 11150: 11149: 11145: 11137: 11133: 11125: 11118: 11110: 11106: 11096: 11094: 11087: 11067: 11063: 11018: 11014: 11006: 11002: 10953: 10949: 10941: 10937: 10929: 10925: 10917: 10913: 10905: 10901: 10893: 10889: 10881: 10877: 10869: 10862: 10854: 10850: 10842: 10838: 10830: 10826: 10816: 10814: 10810: 10795: 10785: 10781: 10773: 10769: 10761: 10754: 10746: 10742: 10738:, p. 1025. 10734: 10730: 10722: 10718: 10710: 10706: 10699: 10685: 10681: 10677:, p. 1049. 10673: 10669: 10661: 10657: 10649: 10645: 10637: 10633: 10625: 10616: 10608: 10601: 10593: 10589: 10581: 10577: 10569: 10562: 10554: 10547: 10539: 10535: 10527: 10523: 10515: 10511: 10503: 10499: 10491: 10487: 10479: 10470: 10462: 10458: 10450: 10446: 10432: 10430: 10413: 10412: 10408: 10400: 10396: 10382: 10380: 10363: 10362: 10358: 10350: 10346: 10338: 10334: 10326: 10322: 10314: 10310: 10302: 10298: 10290: 10286: 10278: 10274: 10266: 10259: 10251: 10247: 10239: 10235: 10227: 10223: 10215: 10211: 10203: 10199: 10191: 10187: 10179: 10175: 10152: 10148: 10140: 10136: 10126: 10124: 10123:on May 29, 2016 10109: 10102: 10094: 10090: 10082: 10078: 10070: 10066: 10058: 10054: 10046: 10039: 10034:Wayback Machine 10020: 10016: 10008: 10001: 9993: 9989: 9981: 9977: 9969: 9965: 9957: 9953: 9945: 9941: 9933: 9929: 9921: 9917: 9909: 9905: 9897: 9893: 9885: 9878: 9835: 9831: 9823: 9819: 9811: 9804: 9794: 9792: 9783: 9782: 9778: 9767: 9765: 9756: 9755: 9751: 9743: 9739: 9731: 9727: 9719: 9715: 9707: 9703: 9695: 9691: 9683: 9679: 9670: 9666: 9658: 9654: 9644: 9642: 9635: 9619: 9615: 9607: 9603: 9595: 9591: 9583: 9579: 9571: 9567: 9559: 9555: 9547: 9540: 9532: 9528: 9520: 9516: 9508: 9504: 9496: 9492: 9484: 9480: 9472: 9468: 9460: 9453: 9445: 9441: 9433: 9429: 9421: 9417: 9409: 9405: 9397: 9393: 9385: 9381: 9373: 9369: 9361: 9357: 9349: 9345: 9337: 9333: 9325: 9321: 9313: 9309: 9301: 9297: 9289: 9285: 9277: 9273: 9265: 9261: 9253: 9249: 9245:, pp. 1–2. 9241: 9234: 9226: 9222: 9214: 9210: 9202: 9195: 9187: 9183: 9175: 9171: 9163: 9159: 9151: 9147: 9139: 9135: 9127: 9123: 9115: 9111: 9103: 9099: 9091: 9087: 9079: 9072: 9064: 9060: 9052: 9048: 9040: 9036: 9028: 9024: 9016: 9012: 9005: 9001: 8993: 8989: 8981: 8977: 8969: 8965: 8957: 8953: 8945: 8941: 8933: 8929: 8921: 8917: 8909: 8905: 8897: 8893: 8885: 8881: 8873: 8869: 8861: 8857: 8849: 8845: 8837: 8833: 8825: 8821: 8813: 8806: 8798: 8794: 8786: 8782: 8774: 8770: 8762: 8758: 8750: 8746: 8738: 8734: 8726: 8719: 8711: 8707: 8699: 8695: 8687: 8683: 8675: 8671: 8663: 8659: 8651: 8647: 8639: 8635: 8627: 8623: 8615: 8611: 8603: 8599: 8591: 8587: 8579: 8575: 8571:, pp. 6–7. 8567: 8563: 8555: 8551: 8543: 8539: 8531: 8527: 8519: 8515: 8507: 8503: 8495: 8491: 8483: 8479: 8469: 8467: 8466:. April 9, 2002 8458: 8457: 8453: 8440: 8436: 8429: 8413: 8409: 8401: 8397: 8389: 8385: 8377: 8373: 8368:Wayback Machine 8354: 8350: 8332: 8326: 8322: 8315: 8301: 8297: 8291:Wayback Machine 8277: 8273: 8265: 8261: 8253: 8246: 8238: 8234: 8226: 8222: 8214: 8210: 8202: 8198: 8190: 8186: 8178: 8174: 8166: 8162: 8154: 8150: 8142: 8138: 8130: 8126: 8118: 8114: 8106: 8102: 8094: 8090: 8082: 8078: 8070: 8066: 8058: 8054: 8046: 8042: 8032: 8030: 8017: 8016: 8009: 7999: 7997: 7982: 7978: 7968: 7966: 7953: 7952: 7948: 7944:, pp. 4–7. 7940: 7936: 7932:, pp. 4–5. 7928: 7924: 7914: 7912: 7910: 7892: 7877: 7867: 7865: 7858: 7842: 7838: 7834: 7829: 7828: 7814:Wendell Willkie 7812: 7808: 7799: 7795: 7790: 7786: 7781: 7777: 7772: 7768: 7763: 7759: 7754: 7750: 7745: 7741: 7736: 7732: 7727: 7723: 7714: 7710: 7701: 7697: 7692: 7688: 7676:of California, 7671: 7667: 7662: 7658: 7649: 7645: 7640: 7636: 7631: 7627: 7614: 7610: 7605: 7601: 7596: 7592: 7583: 7579: 7569: 7565: 7556: 7552: 7547: 7543: 7538: 7534: 7514: 7510: 7501: 7497: 7488: 7484: 7479: 7475: 7466: 7462: 7457: 7440: 7426: 7411: 7409: 7285: 7181: 7116: 7087:dual sovereigns 7083:Fifth Amendment 7008: 6948:Sixth Amendment 6930: 6893:Tenth Amendment 6862:Commerce Clause 6858: 6856:Commerce Clause 6853: 6847: 6835:Harry Daugherty 6800:Calvin Coolidge 6792: 6782: 6777: 6771: 6655:Yale Law School 6650: 6611: 6563: 6557: 6532:New Nationalism 6509:Alton B. Parker 6476:Supreme Court's 6454: 6449: 6443: 6398:Joseph R. Lamar 6338: 6332: 6305:W. E. B. DuBois 6293: 6248:Gifford Pinchot 6240: 6234: 6190: 6176: 6174:Mann–Elkins Act 6170: 6165: 6130: 6062: 5959:Monroe Doctrine 5951: 5945: 5929:Wilfrid Laurier 5864:Sereno E. Payne 5841: 5828:Monroe Doctrine 5817: 5816: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5804: 5803: 5792: 5787: 5775: 5724: 5718: 5713: 5707: 5635:judicial review 5606: 5534: 5529: 5523: 5448:John F. Stevens 5417:Melville Fuller 5406:Edith Roosevelt 5357: 5229: 5136:circuit justice 5120: 5062: 5024:James G. Blaine 5015:Hamilton County 5003: 4998: 4990:bar examination 4954:Skull and Bones 4888: 4831:appointed Taft 4817:Skull and Bones 4815:and joined the 4743: 4704: 4702: 4701: 4690: 4688: 4687: 4680: 4679: 4629:Colloquialisms 4613:Modern timeline 4583: 4575: 4574: 4512:Fathers' rights 4436:Christian right 4421: 4413: 4412: 4398:The Right Stuff 4206: 4204:Project Veritas 4173:Watchdog groups 4141: 4134:Liberty Counsel 4104:Christian Voice 3998:ACT for America 3938: 3931:Club for Growth 3916: 3908: 3907: 3833:Encounter Books 3561: 3530: 3492:Taki's Magazine 3471:National Review 3293:The Epoch Times 3279:Chicago Tribune 3268: 3260: 3259: 3210:Mises Institute 3091:Acton Institute 3086: 3078: 3077: 2966: 2958: 2957: 2937:Legal theories 2903:Woke capitalism 2878:DEI controversy 2873:CRT controversy 2853: 2845: 2844: 2839: 2829: 2819: 2816:Hillbilly Elegy 2809: 2799: 2789: 2779: 2769: 2759: 2749: 2739: 2729: 2719: 2709: 2699: 2689: 2679: 2669: 2659: 2650: 2642: 2641: 2522:Mercer (father) 2382: 2374: 2373: 2104: 2096: 2095: 1971: 1963: 1962: 1718: 1710: 1709: 1420: 1412: 1411: 1385:Reagan Doctrine 1315: 1307: 1306: 1277:Property rights 1267:Ordered liberty 1179:Culture of life 1134: 1126: 1125: 1046: 1026: 1024: 1005: 973: 971: 958: 957:Post-presidency 955: 942: 939: 904: 901: 877:Mann–Elkins Act 840:Domestic policy 804: 801: 765: 763: 762: 761: 758: 756: 731: 730: 729: 728: 727: 725: 719: 712: 709: 684: 667: 655: 646:Yale University 624: 603: 599:Charles II 577: 565: 561: 543:Political party 524: 520: 507: 501: 499: 475: 463: 449: 444: 424: 414: 402: 396: 391: 371: 358: 350: 338: 332: 327: 308: 295: 287: 277: 271: 266: 246: 234: 220: 215: 195: 183: 171: 165: 160: 140: 128: 123: 113: 100: 94: 89: 72: 69: 63: 62: 61: 60: 59: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 22518: 22508: 22507: 22502: 22497: 22492: 22487: 22482: 22477: 22472: 22467: 22462: 22457: 22452: 22447: 22442: 22437: 22432: 22427: 22422: 22417: 22412: 22407: 22402: 22397: 22392: 22387: 22382: 22377: 22372: 22367: 22362: 22357: 22352: 22347: 22342: 22337: 22332: 22327: 22322: 22317: 22312: 22307: 22302: 22297: 22292: 22287: 22282: 22277: 22272: 22267: 22262: 22257: 22242: 22241: 22229: 22217: 22205: 22193: 22170: 22169: 22164: 22163: 22157: 22154: 22153: 22150: 22149: 22147: 22146: 22141: 22135: 22133: 22131:Senate Chamber 22127: 22126: 22124: 22123: 22118: 22109: 22107:Stevens (2019) 22104: 22099: 22091: 22086: 22084:Brennan (1997) 22081: 22073: 22068: 22059: 22057: 22049: 22048: 22046: 22045: 22033: 22025: 22017: 22009: 21997: 21989: 21980: 21978: 21969: 21967:Lain in repose 21963: 21962: 21959: 21958: 21956: 21955: 21950: 21945: 21940: 21935: 21930: 21924: 21922: 21913: 21907: 21906: 21903: 21902: 21900: 21899: 21890: 21888: 21882: 21881: 21879: 21878: 21872: 21870: 21864: 21863: 21861: 21860: 21854: 21852: 21846: 21845: 21843: 21842: 21837: 21828: 21822: 21820: 21814: 21813: 21811: 21810: 21805: 21800: 21795: 21783: 21778: 21773: 21761: 21749: 21744: 21735: 21730: 21722: 21717: 21715:Dirksen (1969) 21712: 21704: 21696: 21691: 21679: 21674: 21669: 21664: 21656: 21648: 21643: 21638: 21633: 21625: 21620: 21612: 21607: 21602: 21600:Stevens (1868) 21597: 21585: 21579: 21577: 21568: 21562: 21561: 21556: 21553: 21552: 21535: 21534: 21527: 21520: 21512: 21503: 21502: 21500: 21499: 21494: 21484: 21481: 21480: 21477: 21476: 21474: 21473: 21465: 21456: 21454: 21448: 21447: 21445: 21444: 21436: 21427: 21425: 21419: 21418: 21401: 21400: 21397: 21396: 21394: 21393: 21385: 21382:Eugene V. Debs 21376: 21374: 21367: 21359: 21358: 21355: 21354: 21352: 21351: 21342: 21341: 21332: 21330: 21323: 21309: 21308: 21305: 21304: 21302: 21301: 21296: 21290: 21288: 21284: 21283: 21281: 21280: 21273: 21262: 21252: 21250: 21243: 21229: 21228: 21225: 21224: 21222: 21221: 21216: 21211: 21206: 21201: 21195: 21193: 21189: 21188: 21186: 21185: 21177: 21174:Woodrow Wilson 21168: 21166: 21159: 21145: 21144: 21127: 21126: 21119: 21112: 21104: 21095: 21094: 21092: 21091: 21086: 21077: 21074: 21073: 21070: 21069: 21067: 21066: 21058: 21049: 21047: 21045:Populist Party 21041: 21040: 21038: 21037: 21029: 21020: 21018: 21012: 21011: 21009: 21008: 21000: 20991: 20989: 20983: 20982: 20980: 20979: 20971: 20968:Eugene V. Debs 20962: 20960: 20954: 20953: 20936: 20935: 20932: 20931: 20929: 20928: 20923: 20917: 20915: 20911: 20910: 20908: 20907: 20899: 20890: 20888: 20881: 20867: 20866: 20863: 20862: 20860: 20859: 20854: 20849: 20844: 20839: 20833: 20831: 20827: 20826: 20824: 20823: 20815: 20806: 20804: 20797: 20783: 20782: 20765: 20764: 20757: 20750: 20742: 20733: 20732: 20730: 20729: 20722: 20720: 20714: 20713: 20711: 20710: 20703: 20701: 20695: 20694: 20692: 20691: 20685: 20678: 20676: 20670: 20669: 20667: 20666: 20659: 20657: 20651: 20650: 20648: 20647: 20640: 20638: 20632: 20631: 20629: 20628: 20621: 20619: 20613: 20612: 20610: 20609: 20603: 20596: 20594: 20588: 20587: 20585: 20584: 20577: 20575: 20569: 20568: 20561: 20559: 20557: 20556: 20549: 20547: 20541: 20540: 20525: 20524: 20517: 20510: 20502: 20493: 20492: 20490: 20489: 20484: 20479: 20474: 20469: 20464: 20458: 20456: 20452: 20451: 20448: 20447: 20445: 20444: 20439: 20434: 20432:Liberty Caucus 20429: 20427:ConservAmerica 20424: 20419: 20414: 20409: 20403: 20401: 20395: 20394: 20392: 20391: 20386: 20381: 20376: 20371: 20366: 20361: 20356: 20351: 20346: 20345: 20344: 20333: 20331: 20325: 20324: 20322: 20321: 20316: 20311: 20306: 20301: 20295: 20293: 20287: 20286: 20284: 20283: 20282: 20281: 20276: 20271: 20266: 20264:Freedom Caucus 20256: 20255: 20254: 20244: 20243: 20242: 20237: 20224: 20222: 20215: 20207: 20206: 20203: 20202: 20200: 20199: 20197:Virgin Islands 20194: 20189: 20184: 20179: 20174: 20172:American Samoa 20168: 20166: 20162: 20161: 20159: 20158: 20153: 20148: 20143: 20138: 20133: 20128: 20123: 20118: 20113: 20108: 20106:South Carolina 20103: 20098: 20093: 20088: 20083: 20078: 20073: 20071:North Carolina 20068: 20063: 20058: 20053: 20048: 20043: 20038: 20033: 20028: 20023: 20018: 20013: 20008: 20003: 19998: 19993: 19988: 19983: 19978: 19973: 19968: 19963: 19958: 19953: 19948: 19943: 19938: 19933: 19928: 19923: 19918: 19913: 19907: 19905: 19898: 19887: 19886: 19883: 19882: 19880: 19879: 19874: 19869: 19864: 19859: 19854: 19849: 19844: 19839: 19833: 19831: 19827: 19826: 19824: 19823: 19818: 19813: 19808: 19803: 19798: 19789: 19784: 19779: 19774: 19769: 19764: 19759: 19754: 19749: 19744: 19739: 19730: 19725: 19720: 19715: 19710: 19705: 19700: 19695: 19690: 19685: 19680: 19675: 19670: 19665: 19660: 19655: 19650: 19645: 19640: 19635: 19630: 19625: 19620: 19615: 19610: 19605: 19600: 19595: 19590: 19585: 19580: 19575: 19570: 19565: 19560: 19555: 19550: 19545: 19540: 19535: 19530: 19525: 19520: 19515: 19510: 19505: 19500: 19495: 19490: 19485: 19480: 19475: 19470: 19464: 19462: 19455: 19449: 19448: 19446: 19445: 19439: 19433: 19427: 19421: 19415: 19409: 19403: 19397: 19391: 19385: 19379: 19373: 19367: 19361: 19355: 19349: 19343: 19337: 19331: 19325: 19319: 19313: 19307: 19301: 19295: 19289: 19283: 19277: 19271: 19264: 19262: 19240: 19239: 19237: 19236: 19230: 19224: 19218: 19212: 19206: 19200: 19194: 19188: 19182: 19176: 19170: 19164: 19158: 19152: 19146: 19140: 19134: 19128: 19122: 19116: 19110: 19104: 19098: 19092: 19086: 19080: 19074: 19068: 19061: 19059: 19043: 19042: 19040: 19039: 19033: 19027: 19021: 19015: 19009: 19003: 18997: 18991: 18985: 18979: 18973: 18967: 18961: 18955: 18949: 18943: 18937: 18931: 18925: 18918: 18916: 18906: 18905: 18903: 18902: 18899:2028 (Houston) 18895: 18894: 18893: 18875: 18874: 18873: 18855: 18854: 18853: 18835: 18834: 18833: 18815: 18814: 18813: 18795: 18794: 18793: 18775: 18774: 18773: 18755: 18754: 18753: 18735: 18734: 18733: 18718:1992 (Houston) 18715: 18714: 18713: 18695: 18694: 18693: 18675: 18674: 18673: 18658:1980 (Detroit) 18655: 18654: 18653: 18635: 18634: 18633: 18615: 18614: 18613: 18595: 18594: 18593: 18575: 18574: 18573: 18558:1960 (Chicago) 18555: 18554: 18553: 18535: 18534: 18533: 18518:1952 (Chicago) 18515: 18514: 18513: 18495: 18494: 18493: 18478:1944 (Chicago) 18475: 18474: 18473: 18455: 18454: 18453: 18435: 18434: 18433: 18418:1932 (Chicago) 18415: 18414: 18413: 18395: 18394: 18393: 18375: 18374: 18373: 18358:1920 (Chicago) 18355: 18354: 18353: 18338:1916 (Chicago) 18335: 18334: 18333: 18314:1912 (Chicago) 18311: 18301:1908 (Chicago) 18298: 18288:1904 (Chicago) 18285: 18272: 18259: 18246: 18236:1888 (Chicago) 18233: 18223:1884 (Chicago) 18220: 18210:1880 (Chicago) 18207: 18194: 18181: 18171:1868 (Chicago) 18168: 18155: 18145:1860 (Chicago) 18142: 18128: 18126: 18102: 18101: 18099: 18098: 18097: 18096: 18091: 18086: 18081: 18076: 18065: 18062: 18061: 18052: 18051: 18044: 18037: 18029: 18020: 18019: 18017: 18016: 18010: 18004: 17997: 17995: 17989: 17988: 17986: 17985: 17978: 17976: 17970: 17969: 17967: 17966: 17960: 17953: 17951: 17945: 17944: 17942: 17941: 17935: 17929: 17923: 17917: 17911: 17904: 17902: 17896: 17895: 17893: 17892: 17886: 17880: 17874: 17868: 17861: 17859: 17853: 17852: 17850: 17849: 17843: 17837: 17830: 17828: 17822: 17821: 17819: 17818: 17812: 17806: 17799: 17797: 17791: 17790: 17788: 17787: 17781: 17775: 17768: 17766: 17760: 17759: 17752: 17750: 17748: 17747: 17741: 17735: 17728: 17726: 17720: 17719: 17704: 17703: 17696: 17689: 17681: 17672: 17671: 17669: 17668: 17662: 17655: 17652: 17651: 17649: 17648: 17643: 17638: 17631: 17626: 17619: 17614: 17607: 17602: 17595: 17590: 17583: 17578: 17573: 17568: 17563: 17557: 17555: 17547: 17546: 17537: 17535: 17533: 17532: 17525: 17518: 17511: 17503: 17501: 17493: 17492: 17489: 17486: 17485: 17473: 17472: 17465: 17458: 17450: 17441: 17440: 17437: 17436: 17427: 17425: 17416: 17414: 17413: 17412:(2022–present) 17407: 17406:(2020–present) 17401: 17400:(2018–present) 17395: 17394:(2017–present) 17389: 17388:(2010–present) 17383: 17382:(2009–present) 17377: 17376:(2006–present) 17371: 17365: 17359: 17358:(1991–present) 17353: 17347: 17341: 17335: 17329: 17323: 17315: 17309: 17303: 17297: 17291: 17285: 17279: 17273: 17267: 17261: 17255: 17249: 17243: 17237: 17231: 17225: 17219: 17213: 17207: 17201: 17195: 17189: 17183: 17177: 17169: 17163: 17157: 17151: 17145: 17139: 17133: 17127: 17121: 17115: 17107: 17101: 17095: 17089: 17083: 17077: 17071: 17063: 17057: 17051: 17045: 17039: 17033: 17027: 17021: 17015: 17009: 17003: 16997: 16991: 16985: 16979: 16973: 16967: 16961: 16955: 16949: 16943: 16937: 16931: 16925: 16919: 16913: 16907: 16901: 16895: 16889: 16883: 16877: 16871: 16865: 16859: 16853: 16847: 16841: 16835: 16829: 16823: 16817: 16811: 16805: 16799: 16793: 16787: 16778: 16777: 16774: 16773: 16761: 16760: 16757: 16756: 16747: 16745: 16742: 16741: 16725: 16709: 16693: 16677: 16664:Fred M. Vinson 16661: 16645: 16629: 16613: 16597: 16581: 16568:Morrison Waite 16565: 16549: 16536:Roger B. Taney 16533: 16517: 16501: 16485: 16468: 16467: 16464: 16463: 16460:Chief justices 16451: 16450: 16442: 16441: 16434: 16427: 16419: 16410: 16409: 16403: 16400: 16399: 16392: 16390: 16388: 16387: 16382: 16375: 16368: 16361: 16356: 16349: 16342: 16335: 16330: 16323: 16318: 16311: 16306: 16301: 16296: 16289: 16284: 16277: 16272: 16267: 16262: 16257: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16222: 16217: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16197: 16192: 16187: 16182: 16177: 16172: 16167: 16162: 16157: 16152: 16147: 16142: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16112: 16107: 16102: 16097: 16092: 16087: 16082: 16076: 16073: 16072: 16065: 16064: 16057: 16050: 16042: 16033: 16032: 16029: 16028: 16026: 16025: 16020: 16015: 16010: 16005: 16000: 15995: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15945: 15940: 15935: 15930: 15925: 15920: 15915: 15910: 15905: 15900: 15895: 15890: 15885: 15880: 15875: 15870: 15865: 15860: 15854: 15852: 15844: 15843: 15841: 15840: 15835: 15830: 15825: 15820: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15790: 15785: 15780: 15775: 15770: 15765: 15760: 15755: 15750: 15745: 15740: 15735: 15730: 15725: 15720: 15714: 15712: 15701: 15700:(1947–present) 15691: 15690: 15676: 15674: 15671: 15670: 15668: 15667: 15662: 15657: 15651: 15649: 15641: 15640: 15638: 15637: 15632: 15627: 15622: 15617: 15612: 15607: 15602: 15597: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15547: 15542: 15537: 15532: 15527: 15522: 15517: 15512: 15506: 15504: 15496: 15495: 15493: 15492: 15487: 15482: 15477: 15472: 15467: 15462: 15457: 15452: 15447: 15442: 15437: 15432: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15402: 15397: 15392: 15387: 15382: 15377: 15372: 15367: 15362: 15357: 15352: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15312: 15307: 15302: 15297: 15292: 15287: 15282: 15277: 15272: 15267: 15262: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15232: 15227: 15222: 15217: 15212: 15206: 15204: 15193: 15183: 15182: 15171: 15170: 15163: 15156: 15148: 15139: 15138: 15136: 15135: 15125: 15115: 15104: 15101: 15100: 15097: 15096: 15093: 15092: 15082: 15072: 15062: 15052: 15042: 15032: 15022: 15012: 15002: 14995:Walter Mondale 14992: 14982: 14972: 14962: 14952: 14942: 14932: 14918: 14904: 14894: 14884: 14877:Herbert Hoover 14874: 14864: 14854: 14844: 14834: 14824: 14814: 14796: 14786: 14776: 14766: 14756: 14746: 14739:Horace Greeley 14736: 14726: 14716: 14706: 14696: 14689:Winfield Scott 14686: 14676: 14666: 14656: 14646: 14636: 14618: 14608: 14601:Andrew Jackson 14598: 14588: 14581:DeWitt Clinton 14578: 14564: 14554: 14543: 14542: 14535: 14534: 14527: 14526: 14519: 14512: 14504: 14495: 14494: 14492: 14491: 14481: 14470: 14467: 14466: 14464: 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14443: 14438: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14418: 14413: 14408: 14403: 14398: 14393: 14388: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14347: 14345: 14339: 14338: 14334: 14333: 14323: 14313: 14303: 14296:George W. Bush 14293: 14283: 14273: 14263: 14253: 14243: 14233: 14223: 14213: 14203: 14193: 14183: 14176:Herbert Hoover 14173: 14163: 14153: 14146:Woodrow Wilson 14143: 14133: 14123: 14113: 14103: 14093: 14083: 14073: 14063: 14053: 14043: 14036:Andrew Johnson 14033: 14023: 14016:James Buchanan 14013: 14003: 13993: 13986:Zachary Taylor 13983: 13973: 13963: 13953: 13943: 13936:Andrew Jackson 13933: 13923: 13913: 13903: 13893: 13883: 13872: 13871: 13870: 13868: 13865:Presidents and 13862: 13861: 13854: 13853: 13846: 13839: 13831: 13825: 13822: 13821: 13809: 13808: 13804: 13803: 13798: 13795: 13794:June 30, 1924 13783: 13778: 13774: 13773: 13769: 13768: 13763: 13760: 13745: 13740: 13736: 13735: 13730: 13727: 13708: 13703: 13699: 13698: 13694: 13693: 13690:Woodrow Wilson 13688: 13685: 13676: 13671: 13667: 13666: 13659: 13656: 13645: 13630: 13626: 13625: 13620: 13617: 13608: 13603: 13599: 13598: 13588: 13575: 13571: 13570: 13565: 13562: 13546: 13541: 13537: 13536: 13523: 13520: 13510: 13495: 13491: 13490: 13486: 13485: 13480: 13477: 13468: 13463: 13459: 13458: 13453: 13450: 13438: 13432: 13431: 13426: 13423: 13414: 13409: 13405: 13404: 13399: 13396: 13389: 13384: 13380: 13379: 13378:Legal offices 13373: 13370: 13369: 13357: 13356: 13354: 13353: 13342: 13341: 13334: 13326: 13323: 13322: 13320: 13319: 13311: 13303: 13297: 13292: 13286: 13284: 13280: 13279: 13277: 13276: 13270: 13264: 13258: 13252: 13246: 13240: 13234: 13228: 13222: 13216: 13210: 13204: 13197: 13195: 13189: 13188: 13186: 13185: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13164: 13162: 13158: 13157: 13155: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13139: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13119: 13114: 13112:Woodbury Point 13109: 13104: 13099: 13093: 13091: 13087: 13086: 13084: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13062: 13061: 13056: 13045: 13043: 13039: 13038: 13036: 13035: 13030: 13025: 13020: 13014: 13012: 13009:Chief Justice, 13006: 13005: 12991: 12989: 12987: 12986: 12981: 12980: 12979: 12969: 12964: 12959: 12954: 12949: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12919: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12879: 12873: 12871: 12860: 12859: 12857: 12856: 12845: 12837: 12826: 12815: 12804: 12792: 12789: 12788: 12781: 12780: 12773: 12766: 12758: 12751: 12750: 12735: 12720: 12711: 12702: 12687: 12664: 12658: 12640: 12637: 12636: 12635: 12622: 12621:Media coverage 12619: 12618: 12617: 12611: 12602: 12584: 12581: 12580: 12579: 12565: 12562: 12561: 12559: 12558:External links 12556: 12555: 12554: 12545: 12533:10.2307/793882 12527:(3): 353–362. 12509: 12502: 12495: 12484: 12468: 12457: 12451: 12438: 12427: 12416: 12395: 12394:(2nd ed. 1980) 12388: 12381: 12370: 12360: 12345: 12342: 12341: 12340: 12334: 12319: 12308: 12301: 12290: 12279: 12268: 12262: 12249: 12242: 12233: 12224: 12221:. Vol. 2. 12212: 12209:. Vol. 1. 12197: 12190: 12180:(3): 633–647. 12169: 12158: 12137: 12131: 12117:Morris, Edmund 12113: 12095:(3): 279–294. 12084: 12077: 12070: 12064: 12051: 12044: 12019: 12008: 12001: 11995: 11982: 11976: 11963: 11952: 11938: 11932: 11919: 11913: 11900: 11893: 11883: 11876: 11859: 11853: 11844:Warren Harding 11835: 11824: 11818: 11801: 11792: 11785: 11775: 11768: 11754: 11744: 11738: 11722: 11716: 11705: 11698: 11677: 11671: 11649:Main article: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11640: 11638:, p. 200. 11628: 11614: 11592: 11562: 11527: 11525:, p. 352. 11515: 11513:, p. 201. 11503: 11501:, p. 849. 11491: 11479: 11467: 11465:, p. 198. 11455: 11443: 11434: 11432:, p. 290. 11422: 11407: 11395: 11393:, p. 265. 11383: 11381:, p. 260. 11371: 11369:, p. 266. 11359: 11347: 11328: 11308: 11275: 11263: 11232: 11199: 11173: 11143: 11131: 11116: 11104: 11085: 11061: 11032:(4): 757–780. 11012: 11000: 10947: 10935: 10923: 10911: 10899: 10897:, p. 359. 10887: 10875: 10860: 10858:, p. 969. 10848: 10836: 10824: 10806:(2): 191–205. 10779: 10767: 10752: 10740: 10728: 10716: 10704: 10697: 10679: 10667: 10655: 10643: 10631: 10614: 10599: 10587: 10575: 10573:, p. 345. 10560: 10545: 10543:, p. 956. 10533: 10531:, p. 168. 10521: 10509: 10507:, p. 949. 10497: 10485: 10483:, p. 360. 10468: 10456: 10444: 10439:Newspapers.com 10406: 10394: 10389:Newspapers.com 10356: 10344: 10332: 10320: 10308: 10296: 10284: 10272: 10257: 10245: 10233: 10221: 10209: 10197: 10185: 10183:, p. 818. 10173: 10146: 10134: 10100: 10098:, p. 193. 10088: 10086:, p. 643. 10076: 10064: 10052: 10050:, p. 166. 10037: 10014: 10012:, p. 209. 9999: 9987: 9985:, p. 208. 9975: 9973:, p. 158. 9963: 9951: 9949:, p. 157. 9939: 9927: 9915: 9903: 9891: 9876: 9829: 9817: 9802: 9776: 9749: 9737: 9725: 9713: 9711:, p. 121. 9701: 9699:, p. 332. 9689: 9677: 9664: 9652: 9633: 9613: 9601: 9589: 9577: 9575:, p. 113. 9565: 9563:, p. 510. 9553: 9538: 9526: 9514: 9502: 9490: 9488:, p. 149. 9478: 9466: 9451: 9439: 9427: 9415: 9403: 9391: 9379: 9367: 9365:, p. 196. 9355: 9343: 9331: 9319: 9307: 9305:, p. 109. 9295: 9283: 9271: 9259: 9247: 9232: 9220: 9208: 9206:, p. 271. 9193: 9181: 9169: 9157: 9145: 9133: 9121: 9109: 9097: 9085: 9070: 9058: 9046: 9034: 9022: 9010: 8999: 8987: 8975: 8963: 8961:, p. 395. 8951: 8939: 8927: 8915: 8903: 8891: 8889:, p. 136. 8879: 8867: 8855: 8843: 8831: 8829:, p. 529. 8819: 8804: 8792: 8780: 8778:, p. 347. 8768: 8756: 8744: 8732: 8717: 8705: 8693: 8681: 8669: 8657: 8655:, p. 261. 8645: 8633: 8621: 8609: 8607:, p. 380. 8597: 8585: 8573: 8561: 8549: 8537: 8525: 8513: 8501: 8499:, p. 175. 8489: 8487:, p. 174. 8477: 8451: 8434: 8427: 8407: 8395: 8383: 8371: 8348: 8320: 8313: 8295: 8271: 8259: 8257:, p. 148. 8244: 8232: 8230:, p. 143. 8220: 8208: 8196: 8184: 8172: 8160: 8148: 8136: 8124: 8112: 8100: 8088: 8076: 8064: 8052: 8040: 8023:New York Times 8007: 7976: 7946: 7934: 7922: 7908: 7875: 7856: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7827: 7826: 7806: 7793: 7784: 7775: 7766: 7757: 7748: 7739: 7730: 7721: 7708: 7704:John H. Clarke 7695: 7686: 7665: 7656: 7643: 7634: 7625: 7608: 7599: 7590: 7588:, p. 188. 7577: 7575:, p. 328. 7563: 7550: 7541: 7532: 7508: 7495: 7493:, p. 119. 7482: 7473: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7452: 7451: 7446: 7439: 7436: 7408: 7405: 7353:Antonin Scalia 7318:James Buchanan 7284: 7281: 7250:lies in repose 7180: 7177: 7139:Herbert Hoover 7115: 7112: 7102:of a child of 7057:lead plaintiff 7016:Bill of Rights 7007: 7004: 6978:Andrew Johnson 6929: 6926: 6857: 6854: 6846: 6843: 6830:William R. Day 6781: 6778: 6770: 6767: 6680:, May 30, 1922 6674:Robert Lincoln 6649: 6646: 6610: 6607: 6576:Archibald Butt 6556: 6553: 6525:Woodrow Wilson 6478:1905 decision 6453: 6450: 6442: 6439: 6435:Woodrow Wilson 6429:, was in 1912 6334:Main article: 6331: 6328: 6321:Junípero Serra 6292: 6289: 6236:Main article: 6233: 6230: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6129: 6126: 6117:Manchu dynasty 6061: 6058: 5999:El Paso, Texas 5995:Archibald Butt 5944: 5941: 5911:annual message 5840: 5837: 5807: 5806: 5797: 5796: 5795: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5785:Foreign policy 5783: 5774: 5771: 5755:Philander Knox 5717: 5714: 5709:Main article: 5706: 5703: 5686:postal savings 5605: 5602: 5533: 5530: 5522: 5519: 5511:Tadasu Hayashi 5421:Philander Knox 5394:troubleshooter 5356: 5353: 5268:bled into the 5255:the commission 5228: 5225: 5214:Joseph McKenna 5119: 5116: 5061: 5058: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4978:Murat Halstead 4962:George W. Bush 4887: 4884: 4774:Woodrow Wilson 4745: 4744: 4742: 4741: 4734: 4727: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4714: 4713: 4699: 4682: 4681: 4678: 4677: 4676: 4675: 4665: 4658: 4651: 4644: 4637: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4616: 4615: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4577: 4576: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4566: 4565: 4560: 4550: 4549: 4548: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4516: 4515: 4514: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4458: 4457: 4445: 4444: 4443: 4433: 4428: 4422: 4419: 4418: 4415: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4358:ConservAmerica 4355: 4344: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4276:Freedom Caucus 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4237: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4210: 4209: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4189:Judicial Watch 4186: 4181: 4170: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139:Moral Majority 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4119:The Fellowship 4116: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4091: 4086: 4081: 4076: 4075: 4074: 4058: 4057: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3989: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3962: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3933: 3928: 3917: 3914: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3871: 3866: 3859: 3852: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3819: 3818: 3811: 3804: 3797: 3790: 3783: 3776: 3769: 3762: 3755: 3748: 3741: 3734: 3727: 3720: 3713: 3706: 3699: 3696:Gateway Pundit 3692: 3685: 3678: 3675:The Federalist 3671: 3664: 3657: 3650: 3643: 3636: 3629: 3622: 3619:Breitbart News 3615: 3602: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3565: 3564: 3554: 3547: 3540: 3533: 3523: 3516: 3509: 3502: 3495: 3488: 3481: 3474: 3467: 3460: 3453: 3446: 3439: 3432: 3425: 3418: 3411: 3404: 3397: 3390: 3383: 3376: 3369: 3362: 3349: 3348: 3341: 3331: 3324: 3317: 3310: 3303: 3296: 3289: 3282: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3257: 3252: 3250:Tax Foundation 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3176: 3175: 3170: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3049: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3013: 3008: 2997: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2974:American Party 2967: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2950: 2949: 2948: 2943: 2935: 2930: 2929: 2928: 2923: 2913: 2908: 2907: 2906: 2899: 2887: 2886: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2865: 2860: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2832: 2822: 2812: 2802: 2792: 2786:The Bell Curve 2782: 2772: 2762: 2752: 2742: 2732: 2722: 2712: 2702: 2692: 2682: 2672: 2662: 2651: 2648: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2376: 2375: 2372: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1933:Taft (William) 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1597: 1592: 1587: 1582: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1387: 1377: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1253: 1252: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1221: 1220: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1206:States' rights 1198: 1193: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1159:Civil religion 1156: 1151: 1149:Anti-communism 1146: 1141: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1121:Traditionalist 1118: 1113: 1108: 1103: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1040: 1039: 1031: 1030: 1020: 1019: 1007: 1006: 1004: 1003: 996: 989: 981: 978: 977: 970: 969: 964: 956: 954: 953: 948: 940: 938: 937: 936: 935: 930: 921: 920: 919: 918: 913: 902: 900: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 859: 853: 852: 847: 842: 837: 836: 835: 833:Taftian theory 828:Foreign policy 825: 820: 810: 802: 800: 799: 794: 789: 784: 776: 775: 772: 771: 759:a series about 755: 753: 737: 736: 733: 732: 720: 710: 705: 704: 703: 702: 701: 698: 697: 690: 686: 685: 683: 682: 679: 675: 673: 669: 668: 666: 665: 653: 642: 640: 636: 635: 630: 626: 625: 623: 622: 617: 611: 609: 605: 604: 602: 601: 596: 591: 585: 583: 579: 578: 563: 557: 556: 554: 550: 549: 544: 540: 539: 534: 530: 529: 523:(aged 72) 517: 513: 512: 497: 493: 492: 488: 487: 484: 483: 478: 472: 471: 466: 460: 459: 456: 452: 451: 441: 440: 433: 432: 427: 421: 420: 417: 411: 410: 405: 399: 398: 388: 387: 380: 379: 374: 368: 367: 353: 347: 346: 341: 335: 334: 324: 323: 317: 316: 311: 305: 304: 290: 284: 283: 280: 274: 273: 263: 262: 255: 254: 249: 243: 242: 237: 231: 230: 227: 223: 222: 212: 211: 204: 203: 198: 192: 191: 186: 180: 179: 174: 168: 167: 157: 156: 149: 148: 146:Woodrow Wilson 143: 137: 136: 131: 125: 124: 122: 121: 115: 107: 105: 102:Vice President 97: 96: 86: 85: 78: 77: 74: 73: 64: 53: 52: 51: 50: 49: 46: 45: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 22517: 22506: 22503: 22501: 22498: 22496: 22493: 22491: 22488: 22486: 22483: 22481: 22478: 22476: 22473: 22471: 22468: 22466: 22463: 22461: 22458: 22456: 22453: 22451: 22448: 22446: 22443: 22441: 22438: 22436: 22433: 22431: 22428: 22426: 22423: 22421: 22418: 22416: 22413: 22411: 22408: 22406: 22403: 22401: 22398: 22396: 22393: 22391: 22388: 22386: 22383: 22381: 22378: 22376: 22373: 22371: 22368: 22366: 22363: 22361: 22358: 22356: 22353: 22351: 22348: 22346: 22343: 22341: 22338: 22336: 22333: 22331: 22328: 22326: 22323: 22321: 22318: 22316: 22313: 22311: 22308: 22306: 22303: 22301: 22298: 22296: 22293: 22291: 22288: 22286: 22283: 22281: 22278: 22276: 22273: 22271: 22268: 22266: 22263: 22261: 22258: 22256: 22253: 22252: 22250: 22240: 22239:United States 22230: 22228: 22223: 22218: 22216: 22211: 22206: 22204: 22194: 22192: 22182: 22181: 22178: 22160: 22155: 22145: 22142: 22140: 22137: 22136: 22134: 22132: 22128: 22122: 22119: 22116: 22113: 22110: 22108: 22105: 22103: 22102:Scalia (2016) 22100: 22098: 22096: 22092: 22090: 22087: 22085: 22082: 22080: 22078: 22074: 22072: 22069: 22067: 22065: 22061: 22060: 22058: 22056: 22050: 22043: 22040: 22038: 22034: 22032: 22030: 22026: 22024: 22022: 22018: 22016: 22014: 22010: 22007: 22004: 22002: 21998: 21996: 21994: 21990: 21988: 21986: 21982: 21981: 21979: 21977: 21973: 21970: 21968: 21964: 21954: 21951: 21949: 21946: 21944: 21941: 21939: 21938:Graham (2018) 21936: 21934: 21931: 21929: 21926: 21925: 21923: 21921: 21917: 21914: 21912: 21911:Lain in honor 21908: 21898: 21896: 21892: 21891: 21889: 21887: 21883: 21877: 21874: 21873: 21871: 21869: 21865: 21859: 21858:Hooper (1875) 21856: 21855: 21853: 21851: 21850:House Chamber 21847: 21841: 21838: 21835: 21832: 21829: 21827: 21824: 21823: 21821: 21819: 21815: 21809: 21806: 21804: 21801: 21799: 21796: 21793: 21790: 21788: 21784: 21782: 21781:McCain (2018) 21779: 21777: 21776:Inouye (2012) 21774: 21771: 21768: 21766: 21762: 21759: 21756: 21754: 21750: 21748: 21747:Pepper (1989) 21745: 21743: 21739: 21736: 21734: 21731: 21729: 21727: 21723: 21721: 21718: 21716: 21713: 21711: 21709: 21705: 21703: 21701: 21697: 21695: 21692: 21689: 21686: 21684: 21680: 21678: 21675: 21673: 21670: 21668: 21665: 21663: 21661: 21657: 21655: 21653: 21649: 21647: 21644: 21642: 21639: 21637: 21634: 21632: 21630: 21626: 21624: 21621: 21619: 21617: 21613: 21611: 21610:Wilson (1875) 21608: 21606: 21605:Sumner (1874) 21603: 21601: 21598: 21595: 21592: 21590: 21586: 21584: 21581: 21580: 21578: 21576: 21572: 21569: 21567: 21566:Lain in state 21563: 21559: 21554: 21549: 21545: 21541: 21540:lain in state 21533: 21528: 21526: 21521: 21519: 21514: 21513: 21510: 21498: 21495: 21493: 21489: 21486: 21485: 21482: 21472: 21471: 21466: 21464: 21463: 21458: 21457: 21455: 21453: 21449: 21443: 21442: 21437: 21435: 21434: 21429: 21428: 21426: 21424: 21420: 21415: 21411: 21406: 21402: 21392: 21391: 21386: 21384: 21383: 21378: 21377: 21375: 21371: 21368: 21366: 21365: 21360: 21350: 21349: 21348:Hiram Johnson 21344: 21343: 21340: 21339: 21334: 21333: 21331: 21327: 21324: 21321: 21316: 21315: 21310: 21300: 21297: 21295: 21292: 21291: 21289: 21285: 21279: 21278: 21274: 21271: 21270: 21266: 21263: 21260: 21259: 21254: 21253: 21251: 21247: 21244: 21241: 21236: 21235: 21230: 21220: 21217: 21215: 21212: 21210: 21207: 21205: 21204:Judson Harmon 21202: 21200: 21197: 21196: 21194: 21190: 21184: 21183: 21178: 21176: 21175: 21170: 21169: 21167: 21163: 21160: 21157: 21152: 21151: 21146: 21141: 21137: 21133: 21125: 21120: 21118: 21113: 21111: 21106: 21105: 21102: 21090: 21087: 21085: 21082: 21079: 21078: 21075: 21065: 21064: 21059: 21057: 21056: 21051: 21050: 21048: 21046: 21042: 21036: 21035: 21030: 21028: 21027: 21022: 21021: 21019: 21017: 21013: 21007: 21006: 21001: 20999: 20998: 20993: 20992: 20990: 20988: 20984: 20978: 20977: 20972: 20970: 20969: 20964: 20963: 20961: 20959: 20955: 20950: 20946: 20941: 20937: 20927: 20924: 20922: 20919: 20918: 20916: 20912: 20906: 20905: 20900: 20898: 20897: 20892: 20891: 20889: 20885: 20882: 20879: 20874: 20873: 20868: 20858: 20855: 20853: 20850: 20848: 20845: 20843: 20840: 20838: 20835: 20834: 20832: 20828: 20822: 20821: 20816: 20814: 20813: 20808: 20807: 20805: 20801: 20798: 20795: 20790: 20789: 20784: 20779: 20775: 20771: 20763: 20758: 20756: 20751: 20749: 20744: 20743: 20740: 20727: 20726:Charles Nagel 20724: 20723: 20721: 20719: 20715: 20708: 20705: 20704: 20702: 20700: 20696: 20689: 20686: 20683: 20680: 20679: 20677: 20675: 20671: 20664: 20661: 20660: 20658: 20656: 20652: 20645: 20642: 20641: 20639: 20637: 20633: 20626: 20623: 20622: 20620: 20618: 20614: 20607: 20604: 20601: 20598: 20597: 20595: 20593: 20589: 20582: 20579: 20578: 20576: 20574: 20570: 20554: 20551: 20550: 20548: 20546: 20542: 20537: 20534: 20530: 20523: 20518: 20516: 20511: 20509: 20504: 20503: 20500: 20488: 20485: 20483: 20480: 20478: 20475: 20473: 20470: 20468: 20465: 20463: 20460: 20459: 20457: 20453: 20443: 20442:The Wish List 20440: 20438: 20437:Ripon Society 20435: 20433: 20430: 20428: 20425: 20423: 20420: 20418: 20415: 20413: 20410: 20408: 20405: 20404: 20402: 20396: 20390: 20387: 20385: 20382: 20380: 20377: 20375: 20372: 20370: 20367: 20365: 20362: 20360: 20357: 20355: 20352: 20350: 20347: 20343: 20340: 20339: 20338: 20335: 20334: 20332: 20326: 20320: 20317: 20315: 20312: 20310: 20307: 20305: 20302: 20300: 20297: 20296: 20294: 20288: 20280: 20277: 20275: 20272: 20270: 20267: 20265: 20262: 20261: 20260: 20257: 20253: 20250: 20249: 20248: 20245: 20241: 20238: 20236: 20235: 20231: 20230: 20229: 20226: 20225: 20223: 20219: 20216: 20214: 20213:organizations 20208: 20198: 20195: 20193: 20190: 20188: 20185: 20183: 20180: 20178: 20175: 20173: 20170: 20169: 20167: 20163: 20157: 20154: 20152: 20149: 20147: 20146:West Virginia 20144: 20142: 20139: 20137: 20134: 20132: 20129: 20127: 20124: 20122: 20119: 20117: 20114: 20112: 20109: 20107: 20104: 20102: 20099: 20097: 20094: 20092: 20089: 20087: 20084: 20082: 20079: 20077: 20074: 20072: 20069: 20067: 20064: 20062: 20059: 20057: 20054: 20052: 20051:New Hampshire 20049: 20047: 20044: 20042: 20039: 20037: 20034: 20032: 20029: 20027: 20024: 20022: 20019: 20017: 20014: 20012: 20011:Massachusetts 20009: 20007: 20004: 20002: 19999: 19997: 19994: 19992: 19989: 19987: 19984: 19982: 19979: 19977: 19974: 19972: 19969: 19967: 19964: 19962: 19959: 19957: 19954: 19952: 19949: 19947: 19944: 19942: 19939: 19937: 19934: 19932: 19929: 19927: 19924: 19922: 19919: 19917: 19914: 19912: 19909: 19908: 19906: 19902: 19899: 19892: 19888: 19878: 19875: 19873: 19870: 19868: 19865: 19863: 19860: 19858: 19855: 19853: 19850: 19848: 19845: 19843: 19840: 19838: 19835: 19834: 19832: 19828: 19822: 19819: 19817: 19814: 19812: 19809: 19807: 19804: 19802: 19799: 19797: 19793: 19790: 19788: 19785: 19783: 19780: 19778: 19775: 19773: 19770: 19768: 19765: 19763: 19760: 19758: 19755: 19753: 19750: 19748: 19745: 19743: 19740: 19738: 19734: 19731: 19729: 19726: 19724: 19721: 19719: 19716: 19714: 19711: 19709: 19706: 19704: 19701: 19699: 19696: 19694: 19691: 19689: 19686: 19684: 19681: 19679: 19676: 19674: 19671: 19669: 19666: 19664: 19661: 19659: 19656: 19654: 19651: 19649: 19646: 19644: 19641: 19639: 19636: 19634: 19631: 19629: 19626: 19624: 19621: 19619: 19616: 19614: 19611: 19609: 19606: 19604: 19601: 19599: 19596: 19594: 19591: 19589: 19586: 19584: 19581: 19579: 19576: 19574: 19571: 19569: 19566: 19564: 19561: 19559: 19556: 19554: 19551: 19549: 19546: 19544: 19541: 19539: 19536: 19534: 19531: 19529: 19526: 19524: 19521: 19519: 19516: 19514: 19511: 19509: 19506: 19504: 19501: 19499: 19496: 19494: 19491: 19489: 19486: 19484: 19481: 19479: 19476: 19474: 19471: 19469: 19466: 19465: 19463: 19459: 19456: 19454: 19450: 19443: 19440: 19437: 19434: 19431: 19428: 19425: 19422: 19419: 19416: 19413: 19410: 19407: 19404: 19401: 19398: 19395: 19392: 19389: 19386: 19383: 19380: 19377: 19374: 19371: 19368: 19365: 19362: 19359: 19356: 19353: 19350: 19347: 19344: 19341: 19338: 19335: 19332: 19329: 19326: 19323: 19320: 19317: 19314: 19311: 19308: 19305: 19302: 19299: 19296: 19293: 19290: 19287: 19284: 19281: 19278: 19275: 19272: 19269: 19266: 19265: 19263: 19261: 19252: 19247: 19241: 19234: 19231: 19228: 19225: 19222: 19219: 19216: 19213: 19210: 19207: 19204: 19201: 19198: 19195: 19192: 19189: 19186: 19183: 19180: 19177: 19174: 19171: 19168: 19165: 19162: 19159: 19156: 19153: 19150: 19147: 19144: 19141: 19138: 19135: 19132: 19129: 19126: 19123: 19120: 19117: 19114: 19111: 19108: 19105: 19102: 19099: 19096: 19093: 19090: 19087: 19084: 19081: 19078: 19075: 19072: 19069: 19066: 19063: 19062: 19060: 19058: 19050: 19044: 19037: 19034: 19031: 19028: 19025: 19024:G. H. W. Bush 19022: 19019: 19016: 19013: 19010: 19007: 19004: 19001: 18998: 18995: 18992: 18989: 18986: 18983: 18980: 18977: 18974: 18971: 18968: 18965: 18962: 18959: 18956: 18953: 18950: 18947: 18944: 18941: 18938: 18935: 18932: 18929: 18926: 18923: 18920: 18919: 18917: 18915: 18911: 18907: 18901: 18900: 18896: 18892: 18889: 18888: 18887: 18883: 18879: 18876: 18872: 18869: 18868: 18867: 18863: 18859: 18856: 18852: 18849: 18848: 18847: 18843: 18839: 18836: 18832: 18829: 18828: 18827: 18823: 18819: 18816: 18812: 18809: 18808: 18807: 18803: 18799: 18796: 18792: 18789: 18788: 18787: 18783: 18779: 18776: 18772: 18769: 18768: 18767: 18763: 18759: 18756: 18752: 18749: 18748: 18747: 18743: 18739: 18736: 18732: 18729: 18728: 18727: 18723: 18722:G. H. W. Bush 18719: 18716: 18712: 18709: 18708: 18707: 18703: 18702:G. H. W. Bush 18699: 18696: 18692: 18689: 18688: 18687: 18686:G. H. W. Bush 18683: 18679: 18678:1984 (Dallas) 18676: 18672: 18669: 18668: 18667: 18666:G. H. W. Bush 18663: 18659: 18656: 18652: 18649: 18648: 18647: 18643: 18639: 18636: 18632: 18629: 18628: 18627: 18623: 18619: 18616: 18612: 18609: 18608: 18607: 18603: 18599: 18596: 18592: 18589: 18588: 18587: 18583: 18579: 18576: 18572: 18569: 18568: 18567: 18563: 18559: 18556: 18552: 18549: 18548: 18547: 18543: 18539: 18536: 18532: 18529: 18528: 18527: 18523: 18519: 18516: 18512: 18509: 18508: 18507: 18503: 18499: 18496: 18492: 18489: 18488: 18487: 18483: 18479: 18476: 18472: 18469: 18468: 18467: 18463: 18459: 18456: 18452: 18449: 18448: 18447: 18443: 18439: 18436: 18432: 18429: 18428: 18427: 18423: 18419: 18416: 18412: 18409: 18408: 18407: 18403: 18399: 18396: 18392: 18389: 18388: 18387: 18383: 18379: 18376: 18372: 18369: 18368: 18367: 18363: 18359: 18356: 18352: 18349: 18348: 18347: 18343: 18339: 18336: 18332: 18329: 18328: 18327: 18323: 18319: 18315: 18312: 18310: 18306: 18302: 18299: 18297: 18293: 18289: 18286: 18284: 18280: 18276: 18273: 18271: 18267: 18263: 18260: 18258: 18254: 18250: 18247: 18245: 18241: 18237: 18234: 18232: 18228: 18224: 18221: 18219: 18215: 18211: 18208: 18206: 18202: 18198: 18195: 18193: 18189: 18185: 18182: 18180: 18176: 18172: 18169: 18167: 18163: 18159: 18156: 18154: 18150: 18146: 18143: 18141: 18137: 18133: 18130: 18129: 18127: 18125: 18116: 18109: 18103: 18095: 18092: 18090: 18087: 18085: 18082: 18080: 18077: 18075: 18072: 18071: 18070: 18067: 18066: 18063: 18059: 18050: 18045: 18043: 18038: 18036: 18031: 18030: 18027: 18014: 18011: 18008: 18005: 18002: 17999: 17998: 17996: 17994: 17990: 17983: 17980: 17979: 17977: 17975: 17971: 17964: 17961: 17958: 17955: 17954: 17952: 17950: 17946: 17939: 17936: 17933: 17930: 17927: 17924: 17921: 17918: 17915: 17912: 17909: 17906: 17905: 17903: 17901: 17897: 17890: 17887: 17884: 17881: 17878: 17875: 17872: 17869: 17866: 17863: 17862: 17860: 17858: 17854: 17847: 17844: 17841: 17838: 17835: 17832: 17831: 17829: 17827: 17823: 17816: 17813: 17810: 17807: 17804: 17801: 17800: 17798: 17796: 17792: 17785: 17782: 17779: 17776: 17773: 17772:Lyman J. Gage 17770: 17769: 17767: 17765: 17761: 17745: 17742: 17739: 17736: 17733: 17730: 17729: 17727: 17725: 17721: 17716: 17713: 17709: 17702: 17697: 17695: 17690: 17688: 17683: 17682: 17679: 17666: 17663: 17657: 17656: 17653: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17639: 17637: 17636: 17632: 17630: 17627: 17625: 17624: 17620: 17618: 17615: 17613: 17612: 17608: 17606: 17603: 17601: 17600: 17596: 17594: 17591: 17589: 17588: 17584: 17582: 17579: 17577: 17574: 17572: 17569: 17567: 17564: 17562: 17559: 17558: 17556: 17552: 17548: 17542: 17530: 17526: 17523: 17519: 17516: 17512: 17509: 17505: 17504: 17502: 17498: 17494: 17487: 17483: 17479: 17471: 17466: 17464: 17459: 17457: 17452: 17451: 17448: 17431: 17421: 17411: 17408: 17405: 17402: 17399: 17396: 17393: 17390: 17387: 17384: 17381: 17378: 17375: 17372: 17369: 17366: 17363: 17360: 17357: 17354: 17351: 17348: 17345: 17342: 17339: 17336: 17333: 17330: 17327: 17324: 17321:* (1972–1986) 17320: 17316: 17313: 17310: 17307: 17304: 17301: 17298: 17295: 17292: 17289: 17286: 17283: 17280: 17277: 17274: 17271: 17268: 17265: 17262: 17259: 17256: 17253: 17250: 17247: 17244: 17241: 17238: 17235: 17232: 17229: 17226: 17223: 17220: 17217: 17214: 17211: 17208: 17205: 17202: 17199: 17196: 17193: 17190: 17187: 17184: 17181: 17178: 17175:* (1925–1941) 17174: 17170: 17167: 17164: 17161: 17158: 17155: 17152: 17149: 17146: 17143: 17140: 17137: 17134: 17131: 17128: 17125: 17122: 17119: 17116: 17113:* (1910–1916) 17112: 17108: 17105: 17102: 17099: 17096: 17093: 17090: 17087: 17084: 17081: 17078: 17075: 17072: 17069:* (1894–1910) 17068: 17064: 17061: 17058: 17055: 17052: 17049: 17046: 17043: 17040: 17037: 17034: 17031: 17028: 17025: 17022: 17019: 17016: 17013: 17010: 17007: 17004: 17001: 16998: 16995: 16992: 16989: 16986: 16983: 16980: 16977: 16974: 16971: 16968: 16965: 16962: 16959: 16956: 16953: 16950: 16947: 16944: 16941: 16938: 16935: 16932: 16929: 16926: 16923: 16920: 16917: 16914: 16911: 16908: 16905: 16902: 16899: 16896: 16893: 16890: 16887: 16884: 16881: 16878: 16875: 16872: 16869: 16866: 16863: 16860: 16857: 16854: 16851: 16848: 16845: 16842: 16839: 16836: 16833: 16830: 16827: 16824: 16821: 16818: 16815: 16812: 16809: 16806: 16803: 16800: 16797: 16794: 16791: 16788: 16785:* (1790–1791) 16784: 16780: 16779: 16775: 16771: 16766: 16762: 16751: 16739: 16738: 16733: 16729: 16726: 16723: 16722: 16717: 16713: 16710: 16707: 16706: 16701: 16697: 16694: 16691: 16690: 16685: 16681: 16678: 16675: 16674: 16669: 16665: 16662: 16659: 16658: 16653: 16649: 16646: 16643: 16642: 16637: 16633: 16630: 16627: 16626: 16621: 16617: 16614: 16611: 16610: 16605: 16601: 16598: 16595: 16594: 16589: 16585: 16582: 16579: 16578: 16573: 16569: 16566: 16563: 16562: 16557: 16553: 16550: 16547: 16546: 16541: 16537: 16534: 16531: 16530: 16525: 16521: 16520:John Marshall 16518: 16515: 16514: 16509: 16505: 16502: 16499: 16498: 16493: 16489: 16488:John Rutledge 16486: 16483: 16482: 16477: 16473: 16470: 16469: 16465: 16461: 16456: 16452: 16448: 16440: 16435: 16433: 16428: 16426: 16421: 16420: 16417: 16407: 16401: 16396: 16386: 16383: 16381: 16380: 16376: 16374: 16373: 16369: 16367: 16366: 16362: 16360: 16357: 16355: 16354: 16350: 16348: 16347: 16343: 16341: 16340: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16329: 16328: 16324: 16322: 16319: 16317: 16316: 16312: 16310: 16307: 16305: 16302: 16300: 16297: 16295: 16294: 16290: 16288: 16285: 16283: 16282: 16278: 16276: 16273: 16271: 16268: 16266: 16263: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16151: 16148: 16146: 16143: 16141: 16138: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16113: 16111: 16108: 16106: 16103: 16101: 16098: 16096: 16093: 16091: 16088: 16086: 16083: 16081: 16078: 16077: 16074: 16070: 16063: 16058: 16056: 16051: 16049: 16044: 16043: 16040: 16024: 16021: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16001: 15999: 15996: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15941: 15939: 15936: 15934: 15931: 15929: 15926: 15924: 15921: 15919: 15916: 15914: 15911: 15909: 15906: 15904: 15901: 15899: 15896: 15894: 15891: 15889: 15886: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15864: 15861: 15859: 15856: 15855: 15853: 15851: 15845: 15839: 15836: 15834: 15831: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15789: 15786: 15784: 15781: 15779: 15776: 15774: 15771: 15769: 15766: 15764: 15761: 15759: 15756: 15754: 15751: 15749: 15746: 15744: 15741: 15739: 15736: 15734: 15731: 15729: 15726: 15724: 15721: 15719: 15716: 15715: 15713: 15711: 15705: 15702: 15698: 15692: 15687: 15680: 15666: 15663: 15661: 15658: 15656: 15653: 15652: 15650: 15648: 15642: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15626: 15623: 15621: 15618: 15616: 15613: 15611: 15608: 15606: 15603: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15536: 15533: 15531: 15528: 15526: 15523: 15521: 15518: 15516: 15513: 15511: 15508: 15507: 15505: 15503: 15497: 15491: 15488: 15486: 15483: 15481: 15478: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15451: 15448: 15446: 15443: 15441: 15438: 15436: 15433: 15431: 15428: 15426: 15423: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15386: 15383: 15381: 15378: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15338: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15321: 15318: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15301: 15298: 15296: 15293: 15291: 15288: 15286: 15283: 15281: 15278: 15276: 15273: 15271: 15268: 15266: 15263: 15261: 15258: 15256: 15253: 15251: 15248: 15246: 15243: 15241: 15238: 15236: 15233: 15231: 15228: 15226: 15223: 15221: 15218: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15207: 15205: 15203: 15197: 15194: 15190: 15184: 15180: 15176: 15169: 15164: 15162: 15157: 15155: 15150: 15149: 15146: 15134: 15126: 15124: 15116: 15114: 15106: 15105: 15102: 15090: 15086: 15083: 15080: 15076: 15073: 15070: 15066: 15063: 15060: 15056: 15053: 15050: 15046: 15043: 15040: 15036: 15033: 15030: 15026: 15023: 15020: 15016: 15013: 15010: 15006: 15003: 15000: 14996: 14993: 14990: 14986: 14983: 14980: 14976: 14973: 14970: 14966: 14963: 14960: 14956: 14953: 14950: 14946: 14943: 14940: 14936: 14935:Richard Nixon 14933: 14930: 14926: 14922: 14919: 14916: 14912: 14908: 14905: 14902: 14898: 14895: 14892: 14888: 14885: 14882: 14878: 14875: 14872: 14868: 14865: 14862: 14858: 14857:John W. Davis 14855: 14852: 14848: 14845: 14842: 14838: 14835: 14832: 14828: 14825: 14822: 14818: 14815: 14812: 14808: 14804: 14800: 14797: 14794: 14790: 14787: 14784: 14780: 14777: 14774: 14770: 14767: 14764: 14760: 14757: 14754: 14750: 14747: 14744: 14740: 14737: 14734: 14730: 14727: 14724: 14720: 14717: 14714: 14710: 14707: 14704: 14700: 14697: 14694: 14690: 14687: 14684: 14680: 14677: 14674: 14670: 14667: 14664: 14660: 14657: 14654: 14650: 14647: 14644: 14640: 14637: 14634: 14630: 14626: 14622: 14619: 14616: 14612: 14609: 14606: 14602: 14599: 14596: 14592: 14589: 14586: 14582: 14579: 14576: 14572: 14568: 14565: 14562: 14558: 14555: 14552: 14548: 14545: 14544: 14540: 14536: 14532: 14525: 14520: 14518: 14513: 14511: 14506: 14505: 14502: 14490: 14482: 14480: 14472: 14471: 14468: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14454: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14444: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14436:G. H. W. Bush 14434: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14417: 14414: 14412: 14411:L. B. Johnson 14409: 14407: 14404: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14357: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14348: 14346: 14340: 14331: 14327: 14324: 14321: 14317: 14314: 14311: 14307: 14304: 14301: 14297: 14294: 14291: 14287: 14284: 14281: 14277: 14274: 14271: 14267: 14266:Ronald Reagan 14264: 14261: 14257: 14254: 14251: 14247: 14244: 14241: 14237: 14236:Richard Nixon 14234: 14231: 14227: 14224: 14221: 14217: 14214: 14211: 14207: 14204: 14201: 14197: 14194: 14191: 14187: 14184: 14181: 14177: 14174: 14171: 14167: 14164: 14161: 14157: 14154: 14151: 14147: 14144: 14141: 14137: 14134: 14131: 14127: 14124: 14121: 14117: 14114: 14111: 14107: 14104: 14101: 14097: 14094: 14091: 14087: 14084: 14081: 14077: 14074: 14071: 14067: 14064: 14061: 14057: 14054: 14051: 14047: 14044: 14041: 14037: 14034: 14031: 14027: 14024: 14021: 14017: 14014: 14011: 14007: 14004: 14001: 13997: 13994: 13991: 13987: 13984: 13981: 13977: 13976:James K. Polk 13974: 13971: 13967: 13964: 13961: 13957: 13954: 13951: 13947: 13944: 13941: 13937: 13934: 13931: 13927: 13924: 13921: 13917: 13914: 13911: 13907: 13906:James Madison 13904: 13901: 13897: 13894: 13891: 13887: 13884: 13881: 13877: 13874: 13873: 13869: 13863: 13859: 13852: 13847: 13845: 13840: 13838: 13833: 13832: 13829: 13823: 13816: 13801: 13792: 13791: 13790: 13781: 13775: 13770: 13766: 13757: 13756: 13751: 13743: 13737: 13733: 13726: 13722: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13706: 13700: 13695: 13691: 13682: 13681: 13674: 13668: 13662: 13653: 13650: 13643: 13642: 13641: 13633: 13627: 13623: 13614: 13613: 13606: 13600: 13595: 13594: 13591:Chair of the 13586: 13585: 13584: 13572: 13568: 13561: 13560: 13552: 13551: 13544: 13538: 13534: 13533: 13532: 13517: 13516: 13513:Chair of the 13508: 13507: 13506: 13498: 13492: 13487: 13483: 13474: 13473: 13466: 13460: 13456: 13447: 13445: 13442:Judge of the 13437: 13433: 13429: 13420: 13419: 13412: 13406: 13402: 13393: 13387: 13386:Judson Harmon 13381: 13376: 13371: 13364: 13352: 13344: 13343: 13340: 13339: 13335: 13333: 13332: 13328: 13327: 13324: 13317: 13316: 13312: 13309: 13308: 13304: 13301: 13300:Pauline Wayne 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13288: 13287: 13285: 13281: 13274: 13271: 13268: 13265: 13262: 13259: 13256: 13253: 13250: 13247: 13244: 13243:Alphonso Taft 13241: 13238: 13235: 13232: 13229: 13226: 13223: 13220: 13217: 13214: 13211: 13208: 13205: 13202: 13199: 13198: 13196: 13194: 13190: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13165: 13163: 13159: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13138: 13135: 13133: 13132:Taft, Montana 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13094: 13092: 13088: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13060: 13057: 13055: 13052: 13051: 13050: 13047: 13046: 13044: 13042:Other actions 13040: 13034: 13031: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13015: 13013: 13011:Supreme Court 13007: 13002: 12995: 12985: 12982: 12978: 12977:Supreme Court 12975: 12974: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12958: 12955: 12953: 12950: 12948: 12945: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12888: 12885: 12883: 12880: 12878: 12875: 12874: 12872: 12870: 12865: 12861: 12853: 12850: 12846: 12842: 12838: 12834: 12831: 12827: 12823: 12820: 12816: 12812: 12809: 12805: 12801: 12798: 12794: 12793: 12790: 12786: 12779: 12774: 12772: 12767: 12765: 12760: 12759: 12756: 12748: 12743: 12739: 12736: 12728: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12688: 12685: 12684: 12679: 12675: 12671: 12668: 12665: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12653: 12649: 12646: 12643: 12642: 12634: 12633: 12628: 12625: 12624: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12597: 12593: 12590: 12587: 12586: 12578: 12574: 12571: 12568: 12567: 12551: 12546: 12542: 12538: 12534: 12530: 12526: 12522: 12518: 12514: 12510: 12507: 12503: 12500: 12496: 12493: 12489: 12485: 12481: 12477: 12473: 12469: 12466: 12462: 12458: 12454: 12448: 12444: 12439: 12436: 12432: 12428: 12425: 12421: 12417: 12413: 12409: 12405: 12401: 12396: 12393: 12389: 12386: 12382: 12379: 12375: 12371: 12369: 12365: 12361: 12357: 12353: 12348: 12347: 12344:Supreme Court 12337: 12331: 12327: 12326: 12320: 12317: 12313: 12309: 12306: 12302: 12299: 12295: 12291: 12288: 12284: 12280: 12277: 12273: 12269: 12265: 12259: 12255: 12250: 12247: 12243: 12239: 12234: 12232: 12228: 12225: 12220: 12219: 12213: 12208: 12207: 12202: 12198: 12195: 12191: 12187: 12183: 12179: 12175: 12170: 12167: 12163: 12159: 12155: 12151: 12147: 12143: 12138: 12134: 12128: 12124: 12123: 12118: 12114: 12110: 12106: 12102: 12098: 12094: 12090: 12085: 12082: 12078: 12075: 12071: 12067: 12061: 12057: 12052: 12049: 12045: 12041: 12037: 12033: 12029: 12025: 12020: 12017: 12013: 12012:The Historian 12009: 12006: 12002: 11998: 11992: 11988: 11983: 11979: 11973: 11969: 11964: 11961: 11957: 11953: 11950: 11946: 11942: 11939: 11935: 11929: 11925: 11920: 11916: 11910: 11906: 11901: 11898: 11894: 11892: 11888: 11884: 11881: 11877: 11875: 11871: 11868: 11864: 11860: 11856: 11850: 11846: 11845: 11840: 11839:Dean, John W. 11836: 11833: 11829: 11825: 11821: 11819:9780700600960 11815: 11810: 11809: 11802: 11798: 11793: 11790: 11786: 11784: 11780: 11776: 11773: 11769: 11767: 11763: 11759: 11755: 11752: 11749: 11745: 11741: 11735: 11731: 11727: 11723: 11721: 11717: 11714: 11710: 11706: 11703: 11699: 11695: 11691: 11687: 11683: 11678: 11674: 11668: 11663: 11662: 11655: 11654: 11652: 11637: 11632: 11617: 11611: 11606: 11605: 11596: 11580: 11576: 11572: 11566: 11550: 11546: 11542: 11538: 11531: 11524: 11523:Anderson 2000 11519: 11512: 11507: 11500: 11495: 11488: 11483: 11476: 11471: 11464: 11459: 11452: 11447: 11438: 11431: 11426: 11419: 11418:Anderson 1982 11414: 11412: 11404: 11399: 11392: 11387: 11380: 11375: 11368: 11363: 11356: 11351: 11335: 11331: 11329:9781551521077 11325: 11321: 11320: 11312: 11296: 11292: 11291: 11286: 11279: 11272: 11267: 11251: 11247: 11243: 11236: 11220: 11216: 11212: 11206: 11204: 11187: 11183: 11177: 11166:September 20, 11161: 11157: 11153: 11147: 11140: 11139:Anderson 2000 11135: 11128: 11127:Pringle vol 2 11123: 11121: 11113: 11112:Pringle vol 2 11108: 11092: 11088: 11082: 11078: 11074: 11073: 11065: 11057: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11039: 11035: 11031: 11027: 11023: 11016: 11009: 11008:Pringle vol 2 11004: 10996: 10992: 10988: 10984: 10980: 10976: 10972: 10968: 10964: 10963: 10958: 10951: 10944: 10939: 10932: 10931:Pringle vol 2 10927: 10920: 10919:Pringle vol 2 10915: 10908: 10903: 10896: 10891: 10884: 10883:Pringle vol 2 10879: 10873:, p. 36. 10872: 10867: 10865: 10857: 10856:Pringle vol 2 10852: 10845: 10844:Pringle vol 2 10840: 10834:, p. 38. 10833: 10828: 10809: 10805: 10801: 10794: 10792: 10783: 10776: 10775:Pringle vol 2 10771: 10765:, p. 96. 10764: 10759: 10757: 10749: 10744: 10737: 10736:Pringle vol 2 10732: 10725: 10720: 10713: 10708: 10700: 10694: 10690: 10683: 10676: 10675:Pringle vol 2 10671: 10665:, p. 92. 10664: 10659: 10652: 10647: 10640: 10635: 10629:, p. 37. 10628: 10623: 10621: 10619: 10611: 10606: 10604: 10596: 10591: 10584: 10579: 10572: 10571:Anderson 2000 10567: 10565: 10557: 10556:Pringle vol 2 10552: 10550: 10542: 10541:Pringle vol 2 10537: 10530: 10525: 10518: 10513: 10506: 10505:Pringle vol 2 10501: 10494: 10489: 10482: 10477: 10475: 10473: 10465: 10460: 10453: 10448: 10440: 10428: 10424: 10423: 10417: 10410: 10403: 10398: 10390: 10378: 10374: 10373: 10367: 10360: 10353: 10352:Pringle vol 2 10348: 10341: 10336: 10329: 10324: 10317: 10316:Pringle vol 2 10312: 10305: 10300: 10293: 10288: 10282:, p. 14. 10281: 10276: 10270:, p. 27. 10269: 10268:Anderson 1982 10264: 10262: 10254: 10253:Pringle vol 2 10249: 10242: 10237: 10230: 10225: 10218: 10217:Pringle vol 2 10213: 10206: 10201: 10194: 10193:Pringle vol 2 10189: 10182: 10181:Pringle vol 2 10177: 10169: 10165: 10161: 10157: 10150: 10143: 10138: 10122: 10118: 10114: 10107: 10105: 10097: 10096:Anderson 1973 10092: 10085: 10080: 10073: 10068: 10062:, p. 72. 10061: 10056: 10049: 10044: 10042: 10035: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10018: 10011: 10006: 10004: 9996: 9991: 9984: 9979: 9972: 9967: 9960: 9959:Anderson 1973 9955: 9948: 9943: 9936: 9931: 9924: 9919: 9912: 9907: 9900: 9895: 9888: 9883: 9881: 9872: 9868: 9864: 9860: 9856: 9852: 9848: 9844: 9840: 9833: 9826: 9821: 9814: 9813:Pringle vol 2 9809: 9807: 9790: 9786: 9780: 9763: 9759: 9753: 9746: 9745:Anderson 2000 9741: 9734: 9729: 9722: 9717: 9710: 9705: 9698: 9697:Anderson 2000 9693: 9687:, p. 28. 9686: 9681: 9674: 9668: 9662:, p. 30. 9661: 9656: 9645:September 26, 9640: 9636: 9630: 9626: 9625: 9617: 9610: 9609:Pringle vol 1 9605: 9599:, p. 94. 9598: 9593: 9586: 9585:Pringle vol 1 9581: 9574: 9569: 9562: 9561:Pringle vol 1 9557: 9550: 9545: 9543: 9535: 9530: 9523: 9522:Pringle vol 1 9518: 9511: 9506: 9499: 9494: 9487: 9482: 9475: 9470: 9463: 9458: 9456: 9448: 9443: 9436: 9431: 9424: 9419: 9412: 9407: 9400: 9395: 9388: 9383: 9376: 9371: 9364: 9359: 9352: 9347: 9340: 9335: 9328: 9327:Anderson 1973 9323: 9316: 9311: 9304: 9299: 9292: 9287: 9280: 9275: 9268: 9263: 9256: 9251: 9244: 9239: 9237: 9230:, p. 72. 9229: 9224: 9218:, p. 70. 9217: 9212: 9205: 9204:Anderson 1973 9200: 9198: 9190: 9185: 9178: 9177:Pringle vol 2 9173: 9166: 9161: 9154: 9149: 9142: 9141:Anderson 1973 9137: 9130: 9125: 9118: 9113: 9106: 9101: 9094: 9093:Anderson 1973 9089: 9082: 9077: 9075: 9068:, p. 25. 9067: 9062: 9056:, p. 71. 9055: 9054:Anderson 1973 9050: 9044:, p. 68. 9043: 9042:Anderson 1973 9038: 9031: 9026: 9020:, p. 60. 9019: 9018:Anderson 1973 9014: 9003: 8997:, p. 50. 8996: 8991: 8984: 8983:Pringle vol 1 8979: 8973:, p. 45. 8972: 8967: 8960: 8959:Pringle vol 1 8955: 8948: 8947:Pringle vol 1 8943: 8937:, p. 19. 8936: 8931: 8925:, p. 58. 8924: 8923:Anderson 1973 8919: 8913:, p. 57. 8912: 8911:Anderson 1973 8907: 8900: 8899:Pringle vol 1 8895: 8888: 8883: 8876: 8875:Pringle vol 1 8871: 8864: 8859: 8853:, p. 45. 8852: 8851:Anderson 1973 8847: 8840: 8835: 8828: 8823: 8816: 8811: 8809: 8802:, p. 15. 8801: 8796: 8789: 8788:Pringle vol 1 8784: 8777: 8776:Pringle vol 1 8772: 8765: 8760: 8753: 8752:Pringle vol 1 8748: 8741: 8740:Pringle vol 1 8736: 8730:, p. 37. 8729: 8728:Anderson 1973 8724: 8722: 8714: 8709: 8702: 8697: 8690: 8685: 8678: 8677:Pringle vol 1 8673: 8667:, p. 67. 8666: 8661: 8654: 8653:Pringle vol 1 8649: 8642: 8641:Pringle vol 1 8637: 8630: 8629:Pringle vol 1 8625: 8618: 8617:Pringle vol 1 8613: 8606: 8601: 8594: 8589: 8583:, p. 64. 8582: 8577: 8570: 8565: 8558: 8557:Pringle vol 1 8553: 8546: 8545:Pringle vol 1 8541: 8534: 8529: 8522: 8517: 8511:, p. 50. 8510: 8505: 8498: 8497:Pringle vol 1 8493: 8486: 8485:Pringle vol 1 8481: 8465: 8461: 8455: 8447: 8446: 8438: 8430: 8424: 8420: 8419: 8411: 8405:, p. 44. 8404: 8399: 8392: 8387: 8380: 8379:Pringle vol 1 8375: 8369: 8365: 8362: 8358: 8352: 8344: 8340: 8339: 8331: 8324: 8316: 8310: 8306: 8299: 8292: 8288: 8285: 8281: 8275: 8268: 8267:Pringle vol 1 8263: 8256: 8255:Pringle vol 1 8251: 8249: 8242:, p. 23. 8241: 8236: 8229: 8228:Pringle vol 1 8224: 8217: 8212: 8205: 8200: 8193: 8192:Pringle vol 1 8188: 8182:, p. 27. 8181: 8176: 8169: 8168:Pringle vol 1 8164: 8157: 8156:Pringle vol 1 8152: 8145: 8144:Pringle vol 1 8140: 8133: 8128: 8121: 8120:Pringle vol 1 8116: 8109: 8108:Pringle vol 1 8104: 8097: 8092: 8085: 8084:Pringle vol 1 8080: 8073: 8072:Pringle vol 1 8068: 8061: 8060:Pringle vol 1 8056: 8049: 8044: 8028: 8024: 8020: 8014: 8012: 7995: 7991: 7987: 7980: 7964: 7960: 7956: 7950: 7943: 7938: 7931: 7926: 7911: 7905: 7900: 7899: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7880: 7863: 7859: 7857:9781608717446 7853: 7849: 7848: 7840: 7836: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7810: 7803: 7797: 7788: 7779: 7770: 7761: 7752: 7743: 7734: 7725: 7718: 7712: 7705: 7699: 7690: 7683: 7679: 7675: 7674:Hiram Johnson 7669: 7660: 7653: 7647: 7638: 7629: 7622: 7618: 7612: 7603: 7594: 7587: 7581: 7574: 7573:Anderson 2000 7567: 7560: 7554: 7545: 7536: 7529: 7525: 7524:George Shiras 7521: 7517: 7512: 7505: 7499: 7492: 7491:Pringle vol 1 7486: 7477: 7470: 7464: 7460: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7441: 7403: 7400: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7364: 7360: 7358: 7354: 7349: 7346: 7342: 7341:James Madison 7338: 7329: 7325: 7323: 7322:Autobiography 7319: 7313: 7309: 7307: 7302: 7294: 7289: 7280: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7255: 7251: 7246: 7242: 7239: 7235: 7229: 7226: 7221: 7213: 7208: 7204: 7202: 7197: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7176: 7174: 7170: 7164: 7162: 7158: 7157: 7150: 7148: 7142: 7140: 7136: 7135: 7126: 7125: 7120: 7111: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7097: 7096: 7090: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7062: 7058: 7054: 7050: 7049: 7044: 7042: 7038: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7026: 7021: 7017: 7013: 7012:incorporation 7003: 7000: 6996: 6995: 6989: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6971: 6966: 6965: 6955: 6951: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6940:Insular Cases 6938:. One of the 6937: 6936: 6925: 6923: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6910: 6904: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6889: 6884: 6883: 6877: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6863: 6852: 6845:Jurisprudence 6842: 6840: 6836: 6831: 6827: 6822: 6820: 6814: 6812: 6808: 6805: 6801: 6786: 6776: 6766: 6764: 6760: 6755: 6752: 6748: 6744: 6739: 6737: 6736:major general 6733: 6729: 6725: 6720: 6718: 6713: 6709: 6707: 6703: 6699: 6695: 6691: 6687: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6666: 6662: 6660: 6656: 6645: 6643: 6638: 6630: 6626: 6624: 6615: 6606: 6602: 6599: 6590: 6586: 6584: 6583: 6577: 6567: 6562: 6552: 6548: 6545: 6541: 6537: 6533: 6528: 6526: 6522: 6516: 6512: 6510: 6506: 6501: 6497: 6493: 6492: 6487: 6486:Roger Taney's 6483: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6465: 6464: 6458: 6448: 6438: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6411: 6409: 6408:Mahlon Pitney 6406: 6401: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6374: 6371: 6367: 6366:Rufus Peckham 6363: 6359: 6351: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6309: 6306: 6302: 6297: 6288: 6286: 6280: 6278: 6273: 6267: 6265: 6261: 6255: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6239: 6229: 6227: 6221: 6217: 6215: 6214:Panic of 1907 6211: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6160: 6158: 6152: 6148: 6146: 6145: 6140: 6139:Whitelaw Reid 6136: 6125: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6105: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6086: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6057: 6053: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6030: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5983:Porfirio Díaz 5976: 5975:Porfirio Díaz 5971: 5967: 5965: 5960: 5956: 5950: 5943:Latin America 5940: 5938: 5937:Robert Borden 5934: 5930: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5912: 5903: 5899: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5858: 5854: 5853:protectionism 5845: 5836: 5833: 5829: 5824: 5822: 5813: 5809: 5801: 5782: 5780: 5770: 5769:rule of law. 5766: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5745: 5740: 5737: 5728: 5723: 5712: 5702: 5700: 5694: 5691: 5690:Carrie Nation 5687: 5682: 5674: 5670: 5668: 5664: 5659: 5658:legislation. 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5643:gold standard 5640: 5639:Panic of 1907 5636: 5633:, subject to 5632: 5627: 5626:Sagamore Hill 5618: 5614: 5612: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5576: 5571: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5558: 5553: 5551: 5543: 5538: 5528: 5518: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5484: 5479: 5477: 5471: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5455: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5424: 5422: 5418: 5413: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5398: 5395: 5391: 5383: 5382: 5376: 5372: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5361:George Shiras 5352: 5350: 5349:Pope Leo XIII 5346: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5316:McKinley was 5314: 5312: 5306: 5304: 5303:Miguel Malvar 5300: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5275: 5271: 5267: 5262: 5260: 5256: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5237: 5233: 5224: 5222: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5165: 5163: 5162:Henry Pringle 5159: 5155: 5154: 5149: 5145: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5118:Federal judge 5115: 5113: 5112:Sixth Circuit 5109: 5105: 5100: 5098: 5093: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5074: 5072: 5067: 5057: 5055: 5051: 5046: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5031: 5029: 5025: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 4993: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4942: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4919:Louise Torrey 4916: 4915:Alphonso Taft 4912: 4908: 4896: 4892: 4883: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4868: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4840: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4801:Alphonso Taft 4798: 4793: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4740: 4735: 4733: 4728: 4726: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4717: 4711: 4700: 4697: 4686: 4685: 4684: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4666: 4664: 4663: 4659: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4649: 4645: 4642: 4641:Cuckservative 4638: 4635: 4631: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4614: 4611: 4610: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4579: 4578: 4571: 4568: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4555: 4554: 4551: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4531:Radical right 4529: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4520: 4517: 4513: 4510: 4509: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4450: 4449: 4446: 4442: 4439: 4438: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4423: 4417: 4416: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4349: 4348: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4242: 4241: 4240:Miscellaneous 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4215: 4214: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4176: 4175: 4174: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 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3707: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3684: 3683: 3679: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3670: 3669: 3668:Drudge Report 3665: 3663: 3662: 3658: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3649: 3648: 3644: 3642: 3641: 3637: 3635: 3634: 3633:Campus Reform 3630: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3608: 3607: 3606: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3571: 3570: 3569: 3560: 3559: 3555: 3553: 3552: 3548: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3539: 3538: 3537:Spectator USA 3534: 3529: 3528: 3527:Policy Review 3524: 3522: 3521: 3517: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3501: 3500: 3496: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3487: 3486: 3482: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3473: 3472: 3468: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3459: 3458: 3454: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3431: 3430: 3426: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3417: 3416: 3412: 3410: 3409: 3405: 3403: 3402: 3398: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3389: 3388: 3384: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3375: 3374: 3370: 3368: 3367: 3363: 3361: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3354: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3332: 3330: 3329: 3328:The Spotlight 3325: 3323: 3322: 3321:New York Post 3318: 3316: 3315: 3311: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3302: 3301: 3297: 3295: 3294: 3290: 3288: 3287: 3283: 3281: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3274: 3273: 3264: 3263: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3225:Ripon Society 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3003: 3002: 3001: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2970: 2962: 2961: 2954: 2951: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2927: 2926:Border crisis 2924: 2922: 2919: 2918: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2911:Homeschooling 2909: 2904: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2849: 2848: 2838: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2777: 2773: 2768: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2757: 2756:Losing Ground 2753: 2748: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2727: 2723: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2708: 2707: 2703: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2517:Mellon Scaife 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2100: 2099: 2092: 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1973: 1967: 1966: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1928:Taft (Robert) 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1714: 1713: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1578: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1419:Intellectuals 1416: 1415: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1388: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1311: 1310: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1282:Republicanism 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1251: 1248: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1235:Law and order 1233: 1231: 1230:Individualism 1228: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1196:Family values 1194: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1130: 1129: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1112: 1109: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1051:Compassionate 1049: 1048: 1042: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1022: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1012: 1002: 997: 995: 990: 988: 983: 982: 980: 979: 968: 965: 963: 960: 959: 952: 949: 947: 944: 943: 934: 931: 929: 926: 925: 923: 922: 917: 914: 912: 909: 908: 906: 905: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 854: 851: 848: 846: 843: 841: 838: 834: 831: 830: 829: 826: 824: 821: 818: 814: 811: 809: 806: 805: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 779: 778: 777: 768: 754: 751: 747: 746: 743: 742: 734: 724: 708: 699: 695: 691: 687: 680: 677: 676: 674: 670: 662: 658: 654: 651: 647: 644: 643: 641: 637: 634: 631: 627: 621: 620:Louise Torrey 618: 616: 615:Alphonso Taft 613: 612: 610: 606: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 586: 584: 580: 560: 555: 551: 548: 545: 541: 538: 535: 533:Resting place 531: 527: 519:March 8, 1930 518: 514: 510: 498: 494: 489: 485: 482: 479: 473: 470: 467: 461: 457: 453: 447: 442: 439: 434: 431: 428: 422: 418: 412: 409: 406: 400: 394: 389: 386: 383:Judge of the 381: 378: 375: 369: 365: 364: 357: 354: 348: 345: 342: 336: 330: 325: 322: 318: 315: 312: 306: 302: 301: 294: 291: 285: 281: 275: 269: 264: 261: 256: 253: 250: 244: 241: 238: 232: 228: 224: 218: 213: 210: 205: 202: 199: 193: 190: 187: 181: 178: 175: 169: 163: 158: 155: 150: 147: 144: 138: 135: 132: 126: 119: 116: 112: 109: 108: 106: 103: 98: 92: 87: 84: 79: 75: 57: 47: 40: 37: 33: 19: 22158: 22094: 22076: 22063: 22036: 22028: 22020: 22012: 22000: 21992: 21984: 21948:Evans (2021) 21933:Parks (2005) 21894: 21876:Brown (1996) 21840:Young (2022) 21798:Lewis (2020) 21786: 21764: 21752: 21725: 21707: 21699: 21682: 21659: 21658: 21651: 21641:Dewey (1917) 21628: 21623:Logan (1886) 21615: 21588: 21538:Individuals 21487: 21468:VP nominee: 21467: 21459: 21439:VP nominee: 21438: 21430: 21387: 21379: 21362: 21345: 21335: 21312: 21275: 21267: 21264: 21257: 21255: 21232: 21179: 21171: 21148: 21140:→ 1916 21132:← 1908 21080: 21061:VP nominee: 21060: 21052: 21032:VP nominee: 21031: 21023: 21003:VP nominee: 21002: 20994: 20974:VP nominee: 20973: 20965: 20904:John W. Kern 20901: 20893: 20870: 20817: 20811: 20809: 20786: 20778:→ 1912 20770:← 1904 20707:James Wilson 20535: 20472:Bibliography 20232: 20111:South Dakota 20101:Rhode Island 20096:Pennsylvania 20076:North Dakota 18910:Presidential 18897: 18818:2012 (Tampa) 18317: 18304: 18122:presidential 18106:Presidential 18013:Oscar Straus 17982:James Wilson 17877:Robert Wynne 17808: 17744:Robert Bacon 17664: 17633: 17621: 17609: 17597: 17585: 17560: 17419: 17118:Van Devanter 17006:J. M. Harlan 16735: 16732:2005–present 16728:John Roberts 16719: 16703: 16687: 16671: 16655: 16639: 16623: 16615: 16607: 16591: 16575: 16559: 16543: 16527: 16511: 16495: 16479: 16405: 16377: 16370: 16363: 16351: 16344: 16337: 16325: 16313: 16291: 16279: 16104: 15873:A. Alexander 15778:C. Alexander 15565:Breckinridge 15419: 15085:Donald Trump 14985:Jimmy Carter 14847:James M. Cox 14826: 14361:T. Roosevelt 14330:2021–present 14316:Donald Trump 14306:Barack Obama 14286:Bill Clinton 14256:Jimmy Carter 14135: 13916:James Monroe 13867:presidencies 13788: 13785: 13747: 13710: 13678: 13647: 13637: 13636: 13610: 13590: 13580: 13579: 13559:Adna Chaffee 13557: 13548: 13528: 13527: 13512: 13502: 13501: 13470: 13440: 13435: 13416: 13391: 13336: 13329: 13313: 13305: 13290:Billy Possum 13152:San Antonio) 13122:Bibliography 12784: 12690: 12681: 12630: 12549: 12524: 12520: 12513:Warren, Earl 12505: 12498: 12487: 12479: 12475: 12460: 12442: 12430: 12419: 12406:(1): 35–39. 12403: 12399: 12391: 12384: 12373: 12363: 12355: 12351: 12324: 12311: 12304: 12293: 12282: 12271: 12253: 12245: 12237: 12226: 12217: 12205: 12193: 12177: 12173: 12161: 12145: 12141: 12122:Theodore Rex 12121: 12092: 12088: 12080: 12073: 12055: 12047: 12031: 12027: 12011: 12004: 11986: 11967: 11955: 11944: 11923: 11904: 11896: 11886: 11879: 11862: 11843: 11827: 11807: 11796: 11788: 11778: 11771: 11766:vol 2 online 11762:vol 1 online 11757: 11747: 11729: 11708: 11701: 11688:(1): 26–33. 11685: 11681: 11660: 11631: 11621:February 26, 11619:. Retrieved 11603: 11595: 11583:. Retrieved 11579:the original 11565: 11555:February 26, 11553:. Retrieved 11540: 11530: 11518: 11511:Coletta 1989 11506: 11494: 11487:Coletta 1989 11482: 11470: 11458: 11451:Coletta 1973 11446: 11437: 11430:Coletta 1973 11425: 11403:Coletta 1973 11398: 11391:Coletta 1973 11386: 11379:Coletta 1973 11374: 11367:Coletta 1973 11362: 11355:Coletta 1973 11350: 11340:November 16, 11338:. Retrieved 11318: 11311: 11301:December 28, 11299:. Retrieved 11288: 11278: 11266: 11256:February 24, 11254:. Retrieved 11250:the original 11245: 11235: 11225:February 24, 11223:. Retrieved 11219:the original 11214: 11192:September 1, 11190:. Retrieved 11176: 11164:. Retrieved 11155: 11146: 11134: 11107: 11095:. Retrieved 11071: 11064: 11029: 11025: 11015: 11003: 10995:the original 10966: 10960: 10950: 10938: 10926: 10914: 10902: 10890: 10878: 10851: 10839: 10827: 10815:. Retrieved 10803: 10799: 10790: 10782: 10770: 10743: 10731: 10723: 10719: 10707: 10688: 10682: 10670: 10658: 10646: 10634: 10590: 10578: 10536: 10524: 10512: 10500: 10488: 10459: 10447: 10437:– via 10431:. Retrieved 10420: 10409: 10397: 10387:– via 10381:. Retrieved 10370: 10359: 10347: 10335: 10323: 10311: 10299: 10287: 10275: 10248: 10236: 10224: 10212: 10200: 10188: 10176: 10168:the original 10159: 10149: 10137: 10125:. Retrieved 10121:the original 10091: 10079: 10067: 10055: 10024: 10017: 9990: 9978: 9966: 9954: 9942: 9935:Coletta 1973 9930: 9918: 9911:Coletta 1973 9906: 9894: 9846: 9842: 9832: 9820: 9795:February 13, 9793:. Retrieved 9779: 9768:February 13, 9766:. Retrieved 9762:the original 9752: 9740: 9728: 9716: 9704: 9692: 9685:Coletta 1973 9680: 9672: 9667: 9660:Coletta 1973 9655: 9643:. Retrieved 9623: 9616: 9604: 9597:Coletta 1973 9592: 9580: 9568: 9556: 9549:Coletta 1973 9534:Coletta 1973 9529: 9517: 9510:Coletta 1973 9505: 9498:Coletta 1973 9493: 9481: 9469: 9462:Coletta 1973 9447:Coletta 1973 9442: 9435:Coletta 1973 9430: 9418: 9406: 9399:Coletta 1973 9394: 9387:Coletta 1973 9382: 9370: 9363:Coletta 1973 9358: 9351:Coletta 1973 9346: 9334: 9322: 9310: 9298: 9291:Coletta 1973 9286: 9274: 9267:Coletta 1973 9262: 9250: 9223: 9211: 9189:Coletta 1973 9184: 9172: 9165:Coletta 1973 9160: 9153:Coletta 1973 9148: 9136: 9129:Coletta 1973 9124: 9117:Coletta 1973 9112: 9100: 9088: 9081:Coletta 1973 9061: 9049: 9037: 9025: 9013: 9002: 8995:Coletta 1973 8990: 8978: 8971:Coletta 1973 8966: 8954: 8942: 8935:Coletta 1973 8930: 8918: 8906: 8894: 8882: 8870: 8858: 8846: 8839:Coletta 1973 8834: 8822: 8815:Coletta 1973 8800:Coletta 1973 8795: 8783: 8771: 8759: 8747: 8735: 8708: 8696: 8684: 8672: 8660: 8648: 8636: 8624: 8612: 8600: 8588: 8576: 8569:Coletta 1973 8564: 8552: 8540: 8528: 8516: 8504: 8492: 8480: 8468:. 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Retrieved 7846: 7839: 7820:in 1948 and 7818:Thomas Dewey 7809: 7796: 7787: 7778: 7769: 7760: 7751: 7742: 7733: 7724: 7711: 7698: 7689: 7668: 7659: 7646: 7637: 7628: 7611: 7602: 7593: 7586:Coletta 1973 7580: 7566: 7553: 7544: 7535: 7515: 7511: 7498: 7485: 7476: 7463: 7396: 7392: 7369: 7350: 7334: 7321: 7314: 7310: 7297: 7261:lay in state 7258: 7230: 7217: 7198: 7182: 7169:Cass Gilbert 7165: 7161:Judges' Bill 7154: 7151: 7143: 7132: 7130: 7122: 7093: 7091: 7066: 7065: 7046: 7045: 7023: 7009: 6992: 6990: 6985: 6969: 6962: 6960: 6943: 6933: 6931: 6922:police power 6917: 6907: 6905: 6896: 6886: 6880: 6878: 6859: 6823: 6815: 6811:Marion, Ohio 6797: 6763:reservations 6756: 6751:Palmer House 6747:Will H. 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Rutledge 16680:Earl Warren 16339:Gershengorn 15850:of the Army 15710:of the Army 15708:Secretaries 15697:of the Army 15315:G. Crawford 15255:W. Crawford 15200:Secretaries 15192:(1789–1947) 15065:Mitt Romney 15055:John McCain 14975:Gerald Ford 14246:Gerald Ford 13249:Louise Taft 13147:Los Angeles 13117:Taft Bridge 12854:(1890–1892) 12843:(1901–1904) 12835:(1904–1908) 12813:(1909–1913) 12802:(1921–1930) 12148:: 109–126. 12034:(1): 2–23. 11287:. Opinion. 11097:October 17, 9849:(1): 2–23. 9423:Burton 2004 9279:Burton 2004 9255:Burton 2004 9243:Harris 2009 9228:Burton 2004 9216:Burton 2004 8533:Burton 2004 8000:December 6, 7969:January 28, 7684:of Georgia. 7357:Earl Warren 7277:Stony Creek 7194:Taft Bridge 7095:Lum v. Rice 7071:Prohibition 7037:Free Speech 6999:Teapot Dome 6793: 1921 6780:Appointment 6690:Henry Bacon 6191: 1911 6184:Anders Zorn 6135:Henry White 6133:to France, 6109:Sun Yat-sen 6042:José Madriz 6015:palm pistol 5857:Dingley Act 5653:, and that 5611:Tillman Act 5259:Philippines 5210:was elected 5206:free silver 5177:case method 4982:reading law 4923:Taft family 4786:third-party 4281:The 85 Fund 4109:Eagle Forum 4072:Court cases 3903:Tenet Media 3828:Blaze Media 3745:NewsBusters 3731:Jihad Watch 3626:The Bulwark 3612:Babylon Bee 3568:TV channels 3085:Think tanks 2941:Originalism 2660:(1835–1840) 2387:Agostinelli 2259:Krauthammer 1868:Paul (Rand) 1717:Politicians 1575:Kirkpatrick 1445:Baskerville 1390:Reaganomics 1360:McCarthyism 1325:Solid South 1292:Rule of law 1262:Natural law 1191:Familialism 1106:Progressive 1096:Postliberal 1071:Libertarian 946:Appointment 633:Taft family 464:Preceded by 415:Preceded by 351:Preceded by 288:Preceded by 235:Preceded by 184:Preceded by 129:Preceded by 120:(1912–1913) 114:(1909–1912) 70: 1908 22249:Categories 21708:Eisenhower 21660:W. H. Taft 21416:candidates 21320:Convention 21240:Convention 21156:Convention 20951:candidates 20878:Convention 20857:L. M. Shaw 20794:Convention 20141:Washington 20061:New Mexico 20056:New Jersey 19931:California 19742:Fahrenkopf 19737:Fahrenkopf 19658:Gabrielson 19268:Pennington 19258:Conference 19244:U.S. House 19065:J. P. Hale 19055:Conference 19030:G. W. Bush 19000:Eisenhower 18782:G. W. Bush 18762:G. W. Bush 18542:Eisenhower 18522:Eisenhower 17803:Elihu Root 17778:L. M. Shaw 17738:Elihu Root 17410:K. Jackson 17228:R. Jackson 17180:O. Roberts 17154:Sutherland 17136:McReynolds 17060:H. Jackson 17030:Blatchford 16850:Livingston 16844:W. Johnson 16832:Washington 16814:T. Johnson 15883:E. Johnson 15695:Department 15620:L. Johnson 15585:Wainwright 15550:Meiklejohn 15385:R. Lincoln 15370:J. Cameron 15340:S. Cameron 15210:B. Lincoln 15187:Department 15123:Presidents 15045:John Kerry 14887:Alf Landon 14679:Lewis Cass 14621:Henry Clay 14591:Rufus King 14557:John Adams 14446:G. W. Bush 14401:Eisenhower 14351:Washington 14342:Presidency 13966:John Tyler 13886:John Adams 13712:Republican 13684:1909–1913 13616:1904–1908 13605:Elihu Root 13597:1901–1903 13519:1900–1901 13476:1921–1930 13449:1892–1900 13422:1890–1892 13395:1887–1890 13239:(grandson) 13233:(grandson) 13227:(grandson) 13215:(daughter) 13097:Early life 12864:Presidency 12482:: 849–864. 12358:: 323–356. 11475:Gould 2014 10595:Gould 2014 10529:Gould 2014 10517:Gould 2014 10493:Gould 2014 10464:Gould 2014 10452:Gould 2014 10402:Gould 2014 10340:Gould 2014 10328:Gould 2014 10304:Gould 2014 10292:Gould 2014 10280:Gould 2014 10241:Gould 2014 10229:Gould 2008 10060:Gould 2008 10027:(Aug 2009) 9030:Rosen 2018 8180:Rosen 2018 7868:January 2, 7832:References 7652:Alf Landon 7378:. His son 7190:Rock Creek 7156:certiorari 7041:Free Press 7002:function. 6901:stockyards 6866:Taft Court 6775:Taft Court 6540:Gilded Age 6505:Elihu Root 6488:ruling in 6277:Elihu Root 6172:See also: 6157:Bering Sea 5947:See also: 5915:free trade 5909:In Taft's 5860:question. 5699:Ike Hoover 5573:Assistant 5525:See also: 5458:President 5410:First Lady 5369:Elihu Root 5289:'s use of 5247:Jolo, Sulu 5173:alma mater 5011:Commercial 4907:Cincinnati 4797:Cincinnati 4782:Republican 4672:Republican 4670:South Park 4497:Monarchism 4045:NumbersUSA 3965:Gun rights 3661:Daily Wire 3589:Newsmax TV 3450:Modern Age 3415:Chronicles 3401:Commentary 3272:Newspapers 3073:Whig Party 3036:Dixiecrats 2946:Textualism 2649:Literature 2627:Washington 2397:Andreessen 2279:Mac Donald 2164:Derbyshire 2076:Sutherland 1873:Paul (Ron) 1690:Washington 1380:Reagan era 1272:Patriotism 1245:Militarism 1201:Federalism 1133:Principles 1116:Straussian 928:convention 911:convention 813:Presidency 782:Early life 678:Politician 672:Occupation 547:Republican 509:Cincinnati 502:1857-09-15 240:Elihu Root 65:Portrait, 22191:Biography 22095:Rehnquist 22029:Roosevelt 21976:East Room 21767:(2006–07, 21700:H. Hoover 21548:in repose 21460:Nominee: 21431:Nominee: 21053:Nominee: 21024:Nominee: 20995:Nominee: 20966:Nominee: 20533:President 20462:Primaries 20398:Factional 20328:Sectional 20165:Territory 20151:Wisconsin 20116:Tennessee 20021:Minnesota 19996:Louisiana 19897:territory 19895:state and 19782:Gillespie 19767:Nicholson 19703:R. Morton 19683:T. Morton 19568:Rosewater 19558:Hitchcock 19548:Cortelyou 19370:Longworth 19233:McConnell 19113:Gallinger 18970:Roosevelt 18891:primaries 18871:primaries 18851:primaries 18831:primaries 18811:primaries 18791:primaries 18771:primaries 18751:primaries 18731:primaries 18711:primaries 18691:primaries 18671:primaries 18651:primaries 18631:primaries 18611:primaries 18591:primaries 18582:Goldwater 18571:primaries 18551:primaries 18531:primaries 18511:primaries 18491:primaries 18471:primaries 18451:primaries 18431:primaries 18411:primaries 18391:primaries 18371:primaries 18351:primaries 18346:Fairbanks 18331:primaries 18296:Fairbanks 18292:Roosevelt 18283:Roosevelt 18124:primaries 17712:President 17659:Smallcaps 17641:Roosevelt 17522:MacArthur 17490:1898–1935 17476:American 17398:Kavanaugh 17380:Sotomayor 17319:Rehnquist 17270:Whittaker 16716:1986–2005 16700:1969–1986 16684:1953–1969 16668:1946–1953 16652:1941–1946 16636:1930–1941 16620:1921–1930 16604:1910–1921 16588:1888–1910 16572:1874–1888 16556:1864–1873 16540:1836–1864 16524:1801–1835 16508:1796–1800 16476:1789–1795 16359:Francisco 16346:Francisco 16293:Underwood 16281:Dellinger 16023:Camarillo 16018:McPherson 15938:Augustine 15918:McGiffert 15878:Bendetsen 15655:Patterson 15625:Patterson 15485:Patterson 15430:Dickinson 15350:Schofield 15300:J. Porter 15270:P. Porter 15245:Armstrong 15220:Pickering 14344:timelines 14326:Joe Biden 14320:2017–2021 14310:2009–2017 14300:2001–2009 14290:1993–2001 14280:1989–1993 14270:1981–1989 14260:1977–1981 14250:1974–1977 14240:1969–1974 14230:1963–1969 14220:1961–1963 14210:1953–1961 14200:1945–1953 14190:1933–1945 14180:1929–1933 14170:1923–1929 14160:1921–1923 14150:1913–1921 14140:1909–1913 14130:1901–1909 14120:1897–1901 14110:1893–1897 14100:1889–1893 14090:1885–1889 14080:1881–1885 14060:1877–1881 14050:1869–1877 14040:1865–1869 14030:1861–1865 14020:1857–1861 14010:1853–1857 14000:1850–1853 13990:1849–1850 13980:1845–1849 13970:1841–1845 13950:1837–1841 13940:1829–1837 13930:1825–1829 13920:1817–1825 13910:1809–1817 13900:1801–1809 13890:1797–1801 13880:1789–1797 13787:Cover of 13269:(brother) 13263:(brother) 13257:(brother) 13237:Seth Taft 13161:Elections 12897:Weeks Act 12869:timeline) 12654:from the 11585:April 23, 10983:0012-3692 10800:Green Bag 10433:March 21, 10383:March 21, 9871:225450487 9863:1537-7814 8470:April 25, 7816:in 1940, 7557:His son, 7308:to date. 7279:granite. 6431:impeached 6313:Unitarian 6168:Antitrust 6083:Manchuria 6060:East Asia 5973:Taft and 5890:. In the 5734:Taft was 5493:with the 5196:with his 4864:antitrust 4524:Christian 4420:Movements 4207:(defunct) 4142:(defunct) 3939:(defunct) 3920:Economics 3875:Red Scare 3843:The First 3738:LifeZette 3562:(defunct) 3531:(defunct) 2921:and crime 2502:Lindbergh 2477:Krikorian 2381:Activists 2339:Robertson 2319:Podhoretz 2289:Nekrasova 2244:Khachiyan 2169:DiLorenzo 2124:Breitbart 2056:Rehnquist 2031:Kavanaugh 2026:Harlan II 2011:Goldsmith 1958:Wolfowitz 1888:Roosevelt 1853:McConnell 1798:Goldwater 1665:Schaeffer 1660:Santayana 1620:Mansfield 1605:Lovecraft 1530:Gottfried 1510:Eberstadt 1397:Redeemers 1370:New Right 1340:Old Right 1320:Loyalists 1302:Tradition 850:Judiciary 689:Signature 639:Education 629:Relatives 455:President 446:In office 393:In office 329:In office 300:President 268:In office 226:President 217:In office 162:In office 91:In office 81:27th 22215:Politics 22013:McKinley 21985:Harrison 21629:McKinley 21616:Garfield 21544:in honor 21373:Nominees 21329:Nominees 21249:Nominees 21165:Nominees 20887:Nominees 20803:Nominees 20487:Trumpism 20342:Chairmen 20259:Factions 20221:Congress 20136:Virginia 20086:Oklahoma 20066:New York 20041:Nebraska 20031:Missouri 20016:Michigan 20006:Maryland 19991:Kentucky 19971:Illinois 19946:Delaware 19936:Colorado 19926:Arkansas 19816:McDaniel 19792:Martínez 19728:Richards 19643:Brownell 19638:Spangler 19623:Hamilton 19618:Fletcher 19528:Campbell 19523:Clarkson 19493:Chandler 19436:McCarthy 19412:Gingrich 19251:Speakers 19179:Knowland 18988:Coolidge 18964:McKinley 18958:Harrison 18946:Garfield 18382:Coolidge 18366:Coolidge 18279:McKinley 18266:McKinley 18253:Harrison 18240:Harrison 18214:Garfield 18113:national 17732:John Hay 17593:Harrison 17362:Ginsburg 17332:O'Connor 17306:Blackmun 17288:Goldberg 17282:B. White 17142:Brandeis 17124:J. Lamar 17067:E. White 17036:L. Lamar 17018:Matthews 16958:Clifford 16952:Campbell 16934:Woodbury 16916:McKinley 16874:Thompson 16826:S. Chase 16820:Paterson 16472:John Jay 16385:Prelogar 16379:Fletcher 16372:Prelogar 16333:Verrilli 16315:Kneedler 16245:Griswold 16240:Marshall 16225:Sobeloff 16220:Cummings 16170:Mitchell 16160:Frierson 16125:Richards 16085:Phillips 16013:McCarthy 15998:Westphal 15983:Brownlee 15978:Dahlberg 15908:Ignatius 15893:Finucane 15868:Voorhees 15833:McCarthy 15773:Hoffmann 15768:Callaway 15763:Froehlke 15635:Petersen 15615:Woodring 15595:MacNider 15590:D. Davis 15580:Williams 15570:Ingraham 15475:Woodring 15455:D. Davis 15440:Garrison 15390:Endicott 15325:J. Davis 15285:Poinsett 15235:Dearborn 15179:the Army 15025:Bob Dole 14867:Al Smith 14479:Category 14381:Coolidge 14356:McKinley 13436:New seat 13351:Category 13251:(mother) 13245:(father) 12727:LibriVox 12696:Archived 12670:Archived 12648:Archived 12592:Archived 12583:Speeches 12573:Archived 12564:Official 12412:25724643 12298:excerpts 12203:(1939). 12186:27551622 12154:30003333 12119:(2001). 11870:Archived 11841:(2004). 11728:(2004). 11694:27547774 11549:Archived 11334:Archived 11295:Archived 11186:Archived 11160:Archived 11091:Archived 11056:27956758 10991:12970047 10817:April 5, 10808:Archived 10427:Archived 10377:Archived 10030:Archived 9789:Archived 9639:Archived 8364:Archived 8287:Archived 8033:March 3, 8027:Archived 7994:Archived 7963:Archived 7862:Archived 7654:in 1936. 7438:See also 6833:General 6661:(1916). 6421:and the 6376:Justice 6311:Taft, a 6204:and the 5430:and the 5342:Catholic 5295:Batangas 5279:governor 5169:Property 5086:John Hay 4986:Columbus 4848:election 4803:, was a 4588:Agenda47 4570:Trumpism 4563:in Texas 4061:Religion 4029:Nativist 3849:Imprimis 3780:Townhall 3766:RedState 3752:PJ Media 3724:InfoWars 3605:Websites 3584:Fox News 3352:Journals 2858:Abortion 2852:Concerns 2617:Viguerie 2607:Starbuck 2472:Horowitz 2369:Wintrich 2349:Sullivan 2309:O'Reilly 2274:Limbaugh 2234:Ingraham 2194:Goldberg 2149:Chodorov 2139:Caldwell 2129:Buchanan 2091:Vermeule 2071:Sessions 2046:O'Connor 1938:Thurmond 1918:Santorum 1908:Rumsfeld 1883:Randolph 1848:McCarthy 1803:Hamilton 1793:Gingrich 1783:DeSantis 1768:Coolidge 1738:Buchanan 1685:Voegelin 1525:Genovese 1495:Conquest 1490:Chambers 1470:Boorstin 1440:Bacevich 1184:Pro-life 1101:Populist 1081:Movement 1076:Moderate 1016:a series 933:election 916:election 817:timeline 582:Children 22177:Portals 22115:funeral 22042:funeral 22037:Kennedy 22021:Harding 22006:funeral 22001:Lincoln 21834:funeral 21792:funeral 21770:funeral 21758:funeral 21738:Blassie 21726:Johnson 21688:funeral 21683:Kennedy 21652:Harding 21594:funeral 21589:Lincoln 20529:Cabinet 20467:Debates 20455:Related 20156:Wyoming 20131:Vermont 20036:Montana 19976:Indiana 19956:Georgia 19951:Florida 19921:Arizona 19911:Alabama 19891:Parties 19821:Whatley 19811:Priebus 19787:Mehlman 19777:Racicot 19772:Gilmore 19762:Barbour 19752:Yeutter 19747:Atwater 19668:Roberts 19613:Sanders 19498:Cameron 19483:Claflin 19473:Raymond 19444:(2023–) 19442:Johnson 19424:Boehner 19418:Hastert 19388:Halleck 19364:Gillett 19298:McCrary 19286:Pomeroy 19246:leaders 19235:(2007–) 19203:Stevens 19185:Dirksen 19167:Bridges 19101:E. 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