William the Silent

1897:

allowed to get the upper hand. This was the more to be feared since some of the chief men in the kingdom, and even some princes of the blood, were on their side. But he hoped by the grace of God and the good understanding that he had with his new son, the King of Spain, that he would soon get the better of them. The King talked on thus to Orange in the full conviction that he was aware of the secret agreement recently made with the Duke of Alba for the extirpation of heresy. But the Prince, subtle and adroit as he was, answered the good King in such a way as to leave him still under the impression that he, the Prince, knew all about the scheme proposed by Alba; and on this understanding the King revealed all the details of the plan which had been arranged between the King of Spain and himself for the rooting out and rigorous punishment of the heretics, from the lowest to the highest rank, and in this service the Spanish troops were to be mainly employed.

1526: 63: 957: 1204: 1219:, but Alba carefully avoided a decisive confrontation, expecting the army to fall apart quickly. As William advanced, disorder broke out in his army, and with winter approaching and money running out, William turned back and crossed into France. William made several more plans to invade in the next few years, but little came of them, since he lacked support and money. He remained popular with the public, in part through an extensive propaganda campaign conducted through pamphlets. One of his most important claims, with which he attempted to justify his actions, was that he was not fighting the rightful ruler of the land, the King of Spain, but only the inadequate rule of the foreign governors in the Netherlands, and the presence of foreign soldiers. 1050: 2002: 1317: 1481:. Although William suffered severe injuries, he survived thanks to the care of his wife Charlotte and his sister Mary. While William slowly recovered, Charlotte became exhausted from providing intensive care and died on 5 May. The Duke of Anjou was not very popular with the population. The provinces of Zeeland and Holland refused to recognise him as their sovereign, and William was widely criticised for what was called his "French politics". When Anjou's French troops arrived in late 1582, William's plan seemed to pay off, as even the Duke of Parma feared that the Dutch would now gain the upper hand. 2744: 1497:(whom he had courted). Anjou's position became untenable, and he subsequently left the country in June. His departure discredited William, who nevertheless maintained his support for Anjou. William stood virtually alone on this issue and became politically isolated. Holland and Zeeland nevertheless maintained him as their stadtholder and attempted to declare him count of Holland and Zeeland, thus making him the official sovereign. In the middle of all this, William married for the fourth and final time on 12 April 1583 to 2756: 565: 2527: 1175:, following the end of the second Religious War in France when they had troops to spare. Led by his brother Louis, the army invaded the northern Netherlands in 1568. However, the plan failed almost from the start. The Huguenots were defeated by French royal troops before they could invade, and a small force under Jean de Villers was captured within two days. Villers gave all the plans of the campaign to the Spanish following his capture. On 23 May, the army under the command of Louis won the 1607: 1560:, for two years, hoping to get close to William when the armies met. This never happened, and Gérard left the army in 1584. He went to the Duke of Parma to present his plans, but the Duke was unimpressed. In May 1584, he presented himself to William as a French nobleman, and gave him the seal of the Count of Mansfelt. This seal would allow forgeries of the messages of Mansfelt to be made. William sent Gérard back to France to pass the seal on to his French allies. 1534: 4170: 2089: 1419: 2045: 2109: 2100:, a former French nun, who was also popular with the public. They had six daughters. The marriage, which seems to have been a love match on both sides, was happy. Charlotte allegedly died from exhaustion while trying to nurse her husband after an assassination attempt in 1582. Though William was outwardly stoical, it was feared that his grief might cause a fatal relapse. Charlotte's death was widely mourned. 3705:"Ten desen daghe es geschiet de clachelycke moort van Zijne Excellentie, die tusschen den een ende twee uren na den noen es ghescoten met een pistolet gheladen met dry ballen, deur een genaempt Baltazar Geraert ... Ende heeft Zijne Excellentie in het vallen gheroepen: Mijn God, ontfermpt U mijnder ende Uwer ermen ghemeynte (Mon Dieu ayez pitié de mon âme, mon Dieu, ayez pitié de ce pauvre peuple)." 2737:

of the States of Zeeland. It was a smaller version of the countship of Zeeland (and Holland) promised to William, and was a potent political base for his descendants. William then added the shield of Veere and Buren to his arms as shown in the third coat of arms below. It shows how arms were used to represent political power in general, and the growing political power of William.

1701:, who became Prince of Orange. A strong military leader, he won several victories over the Spanish. Van Oldenbarneveldt managed to sign a very favourable twelve-year armistice in 1609, although Maurice was unhappy with this. Maurice was a heavy drinker and died on 23 April 1625 from liver disease. Maurice had several sons by Margaretha van Mechelen, but he never married her. So, 1741:, Queen of Scotland and England for 17 years, he died childless in 1702. He appointed his cousin Johan Willem Friso (William's great-great-great-grandson) as his successor. Because Albertine Agnes, a daughter of Frederick Henry, married William Frederik of Nassau-Dietz, the present royal house of the Netherlands is descended from William the Silent through the female line. See 1157:) to judge those involved in the rebellion and the iconoclasm. William was one of the 10,000 to be summoned before the council, but he failed to appear. He was subsequently declared an outlaw, and his properties were confiscated. As one of the most prominent and popular politicians of the Netherlands, William of Orange emerged as the leader of armed resistance. He financed the 1552:(born 1557) was a subject and supporter of Philip II, and regarded William of Orange as a traitor to the king and to the Catholic religion. In 1581, when Gérard learned that Philip II had declared William an outlaw and promised a reward of 25,000 crowns for his assassination, he decided to travel to the Netherlands to kill William. He served in the army of the governor of 1386:

attempted to forbid Catholicism in areas under their control. William was opposed to this both for personal and political reasons. He desired freedom of religion, and he also needed the support of the less radical Protestants and Catholics to reach his political goals. On 6 January 1579, several southern provinces, unhappy with William's radical following, signed the

1241:, which had been left unattended by the Spanish garrison. Contrary to their normal "hit and run" tactics, they occupied the town and claimed it for the prince by raising the Prince of Orange's flag above the city. This event was followed by other cities opening their gates for the Watergeuzen, and soon most cities in 825:, childless. In his testament, René of Chalon named William the heir to all his estates and titles, including that of Prince of Orange, on the condition that he receive a Roman Catholic education. William's father acquiesced to this condition on behalf of his 11-year-old son, and this was the founding of the 2128:(1584–1647), William's fourth legitimate son and fifteenth legitimate child. This youngest of William's children, who was born only a few months before William's death, was to be the only one of his sons to bear children and carry the dynasty forward. Incidentally, Frederick Henry's only male-line grandson, 1086:, William to the shock of his audience justified his conflict with Philip by saying that, even though he had decided for himself to keep to the Catholic faith (at the time), he could not agree that monarchs should rule over the souls of their subjects and take from them their freedom of belief and religion. 1077:

Up to 1564, any criticism of governmental measures voiced by William and the other members of the opposition had ostensibly been directed at Granvelle; however, after the latter's departure early that year, William, who may have found increasing confidence in his alliance with the Protestant princes

2736:

ordered it sold. William bought it as it gave him two more votes in the States of Zeeland. He owned the government of the two towns, and so could appoint their magistrates. He already had one as First Noble for Philip William, who had inherited Maartensdijk. This made William the predominant member

1901:

Exactly when and by whom the nickname "the Silent" was used for the first time is not known with certainty. It is traditionally ascribed to Cardinal de Granvelle, who is said to have referred to William as "the silent one" sometime during the troubles of 1567. Both the nickname and the accompanying

1586:

Gérard was caught before he could escape Delft, and was imprisoned. He was tortured before his trial on 13 July, where he was sentenced to an execution brutal even by the standards of that time. The magistrates decreed that the right hand of Gérard should be burned off with a red-hot iron, that his

1457:

with the Duke of Anjou. The Duke would gain the title "Protector of the Liberty of the Netherlands" and become the new sovereign. This, however, required that the Staten Generaal and William renounce their formal support of the King of Spain, which they had maintained officially up to that moment.

1026:

started to discuss with William a secret understanding between Philip II and himself aimed at the violent extermination of Protestantism in France, the Netherlands "and the entire Christian world". The understanding was being negotiated by Alba, and Henry had assumed, incorrectly, that William was

3464:

As Philip was proceeding on board the ship which was to bear him forever from the Netherlands, his eyes lighted upon the Prince. His displeasure could no longer be restrained. With angry face he turned upon him, and bitterly reproached him for having thwarted all his plans by means of his secret

1896:

who, during the late war, had increased so much in his kingdom to his great sorrow. His conscience, said the King, would not be easy nor his realm secure until he could see it purged of the "accursed vermin," who would one day overthrow his government, under the cover of religion, if they were

1385:

in 1577, the uprising spread throughout the entire Netherlands. Don Juan attempted to negotiate peace, but the prince intentionally let the negotiations fail. On 24 September 1577, he made his triumphal entry into Brussels, the capital. At the same time, Calvinist rebels grew more radical, and

1073:

at Brussels. Consequently, the revenue of his vast estates was not sufficient to prevent him being crippled by debt. But after his return from France, a change began to come over William. Philip made him councillor of state, knight of the Golden Fleece, and stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland and

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28 (1981), no. 12, pp. 67–100. The debate has some history, with critics pointing to sources saying that William died immediately after having been shot and proponents stating that there would have been little opportunity to fabricate the words between the time of the assassination and the

1187:. Arenberg was killed in the battle, as was William's brother Adolf. Alba countered by killing a number of convicted noblemen (including the Counts of Egmont and Hoorn on 6 June), and then by leading an expedition to Groningen. There, he annihilated Louis' forces on German territory in the 1130:

Following the Beeldenstorm, unrest in the Netherlands grew, and Margaret agreed to grant the wishes of the Confederacy, provided the noblemen would help to restore order. She also allowed more important noblemen, including William of Orange, to assist the Confederacy, and William went to

3465:

intrigues. William replied with humility that every thing which had taken place had been done through the regular and natural movements of the states. Upon this the King, boiling with rage, seized the Prince by the wrist, and shaking it violently, exclaimed in Spanish, "

1361:

in 1575, the war continued. The situation improved for the rebels when Don Requesens died unexpectedly in March 1576, and a large group of Spanish soldiers, not having received their salary in months, mutinied in November of that year and unleashed the

1484:

However, Anjou himself was displeased with his limited powers and secretly decided to seize Antwerp by force. The citizens, who had been warned in time, ambushed Anjou and his troops as they entered the city on 18 January 1583, in what is known as the

2072:, who was to eventually succeed his father as stadtholder, never married. Anna died after William renounced her and her own family imprisoned her in one of their castles. The cause was due to the accusation that she committed adultery with the lawyer 909:, the highest political advisory council in the Netherlands. It was in November of the same year (1555) that the gout-afflicted Emperor Charles leaned on William's shoulder during the ceremony when he abdicated the Low Countries in favour of his son, 1745:

for a more extensive overview. As the chief financer and political and military leader of the early years of the Dutch revolt, William is considered a national hero in the Netherlands, even though he was born in Germany, and usually spoke French.

1027:

aware of it. At the time, William did not contradict the king's assumption, but he had decided for himself that he would not allow the slaughter of "so many honourable people", especially in the Netherlands, for which he felt a strong compassion.

1847:, a legacy of the university's founding by ministers of the Dutch Reformed Church in 1766. The statue is commonly known to students and alumni as "Willie the Silent" and contains an inscription referring to William as "Father of his Fatherland". 829:. Besides the Principality of Orange (located today in France) and significant lands in Germany, William also inherited vast estates in the Low Countries (present-day Netherlands and Belgium) from his cousin. Because of William's young age, 2080:), and became pregnant by him, giving birth to a daughter. Before her death William had already announced his third marriage, which drew the disapproval of her family who argued that, despite the adultery, the two were still married. 1374:, in which they declared themselves ready to fight for the expulsion of Spanish troops together. However, he failed to achieve unity in matters of religion. Catholic cities and provinces would not allow freedom for Calvinists. 1006:(1522–1583, natural half-sister to Philip II), increased opposition to Spanish rule among the then mostly Catholic population of the Netherlands. Lastly, the opposition wished to see an end to the presence of Spanish troops. 1405:

on 23 January, confirming their unity. William was initially opposed to the Union, as he still hoped to unite all provinces. Nevertheless, he formally gave his support on 3 May. The Union of Utrecht would later become a

746:, William joined the Dutch uprising and turned against his former masters. The most influential and politically capable of the rebels, he led the Dutch to several successes in the fight against the Spanish. Declared an 892:

Being a ward of Charles V and having received his education under the tutelage of the Emperor's sister Mary, William came under the particular attention of the imperial family, and became a favourite. He was appointed

2715:

William used two sets of arms in his lifetime. The first one shown below was his ancestral arms of Nassau. The second arms he used most of his life from the time he became Prince of Orange on the death of his cousin

987:, but also for the Dutch nobility and, ostensibly, for the Estates, and complained that too many Spaniards were involved in governing the Netherlands. William was also dissatisfied with the increasing persecution of 1042:. The couple had five children. The marriage used Lutheran rites, and marked the beginning of a gradual change in his religious opinions, which was to lead William to revert to Lutheranism and eventually moderate 1017:

in December 1580, his resolve to expel the Spaniards from the Netherlands had originated when, in the summer of 1559, he and the Duke of Alba had been sent to France as hostages for the proper fulfilment of the

1709:

continued the battle against the Spanish. Frederick Henry died on 14 March 1647 and is buried with his father William "The Silent" in Nieuwe Kerk, Delft. The Netherlands became formally independent after the

1144:, or Alva (also known as "The Iron Duke"), to restore order, William laid down his functions and retreated to his native Nassau in April 1567. He had been financially involved with several of the rebellions. 1354:, a former French nun, who was also popular with the public, although less so with the Catholic faction. They had six daughters. The marriage, which seems to have been a love match on both sides, was happy. 1430:

In spite of the renewed union, the Duke of Parma was successful in reconquering most of the southern part of the Netherlands. Because he had agreed to remove the Spanish troops from the provinces under the

1078:

of Germany following his second marriage, began to openly criticise the King's anti-Protestant politics. In August of that year, Philip issued an order for carrying out the decrees of the anti-Protestant

1135:

where he succeeded in quelling the riot. In late 1566, and early 1567, it became clear that she would not be allowed to fulfil her promises, and when several minor rebellions failed, many Calvinists and

3560:, 41–42 (F. Postma, "Prefigurations of the future? The views on the boundaries of Church and State of William of Orange and Viglius van Aytta (1565–1566)", in A. A. McDonald and A. H. Huussen (eds.), 1445:

In the meantime, William and his supporters were looking for foreign support. The prince had already sought French assistance on several occasions, and this time he managed to gain the support of

1381:

in February 1577, promising to comply with the conditions of the Pacification of Ghent, it seemed that the war had been decided in favour of the rebels. However, after Don Juan took the city of

1979:

A Dutch YouTube channel called Studio Massa has a series of videos featuring him as a rapper who goes by the artistic name of Stille Willem (Silent William). The most famous of such videos are

1069:

Up to this time William's life had been marked by lavish display and extravagance. He surrounded himself with a retinue of young noblemen and dependents and kept open house in his magnificent

4821: 802:. His parents had twelve children together, of whom William was the eldest; he had four younger brothers and seven younger sisters. The family was religiously devout and William was raised a 2132:, would become king of England, Scotland and Ireland, but he would die childless, at which point the lineage of William the Silent would end, to be succeeded by that of his brother John VI. 1438:

In March 1580 Philip issued a royal ban of outlawry against the Prince of Orange, promising a reward of 25,000 crowns to any man who would succeed in killing him. William responded with his

1884:

There are several explanations for the origin of the style, "William the Silent". The most common one relates to his prudence in regard to a conversation with Henry II, the king of France.

2382: 3550:"Et quamquam ipse Catholicae Religioni adhaerere constituerit, non posse tamen ei placere, velle Principes animis hominum imperare, libertatemque Fidei & Religionis ipsis adimere." 2268: 1442:, a document (in fact written by Villiers) in which his course of actions was defended, the person of the Spanish king viciously attacked, and his own Protestant allegiance restated. 2542:(1559–1631), whom William acknowledged. On 4 December 1597 Justinus van Nassau married Anne, Baronesse de Mérode (9 January 1567 – Leiden, 8 October 1634). They had three children. 3412:

As of 1549, the Low Countries, also known as the "Seventeen Provinces" comprised the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of northern France and Western Germany.

991:

in the Netherlands. Brought up as a Lutheran and later a Catholic, William was very religious but was still a proponent of freedom of religion for all people. The activity of the

2429:

A nun. After her mother's death in 1582 her French grandfather asked for Charlotte Flandrina to stay with him. She converted to Roman Catholicism and entered a convent in 1593.

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upon his wedding day. The marriage was a happy one and produced three children, one of whom died in infancy. Anna died on 24 March 1558, aged 25, leaving William much grieved.

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announcement of the murder to the States-General. Of the final words themselves, several slightly different versions are in circulation, the main differences being of style.

1230:; Jan Rubens had been sent by Anna's uncle in 1570 to manage her finances. Later that year, William had this marriage legally dissolved on the grounds that Anna was insane. 2474: 1286:

on 24 August, which signalled the start of a wave of violence against the Huguenots. After a successful Spanish attack on his army, William had to flee and he retreated to

1879: 4814: 1313:(1573–1581) as his court preacher. Taffin was later joined by Pierre Loyseleur de Villiers (1577–1584), who also became an important political advisor to the prince. 5019: 967:

Although he never directly opposed the Spanish king, William soon became one of the most prominent members of the opposition in the Council of State, together with

875:, an important Dutch nobleman, a match that had been secured by Charles V. Anna's father had died in 1548, and therefore William became Lord of Egmond and Count of 4063:"Justinus of Nassau is the son, probably born in September 1559, of the Prince and Eva Elinx, who, according to some, was the daughter of a mayor of Emmerich." ( 1034:, was described by contemporaries as "self-absorbed, weak, assertive, and cruel", and it is generally assumed that William married her to gain more influence in 3938:"Verspreide geschriften. Deel 8. Kritische studiën over geschiedbronnen. Deel 2. Historische schetsen en boekbeoordeelingen. Deel 1. 'Willem de Zwijger (1864)'" 901:

in 1551 and received rapid promotion thereafter, becoming commander of one of the Emperor's armies at the age of 22. This was in 1555, when Charles sent him to

3161: 3099: 3041: 5104: 4807: 1575:. After William left the dining room and walked downstairs, van Uylenburgh heard Gérard shoot William in the chest at close range. Gérard fled immediately. 3219: 4185: 3304:. Translated by Lacroix, J. P. The Library of Congress catalogued with subject "William I, Prince of Orange (1534–1584). New York: Nelson & Phillips; 4633: 3715:

Although commonly accepted, his last words might have been modified for propaganda purposes. See Charles Vergeer, "De laatste woorden van prins Willem",

5049: 1097:. On 5 April, they offered a petition to Margaret of Parma, requesting an end to the persecution of Protestants. From August to October 1566, a wave of 2390: 1469:

enabled the Duke of Anjou to come to the aid of the resisters. He did not arrive until 10 February 1582, when he was officially welcomed by William in

1582:

Mon Dieu, ayez pitié de mon âme; mon Dieu, ayez pitié de ce pauvre peuple. (My God, have pity on my soul; my God, have pity on this poor people).

2036:: William officially recognised Justinus as his son and took responsibility for his education – Justinus would become an admiral in adult life. 1141: 5079: 1391: 1705:, Maurice's half-brother (and William's youngest son from his fourth marriage, to Louise de Coligny) inherited the title of Prince of Orange. 1290:, in Holland. The Spanish then organised countermeasures, and sacked several rebel cities, sometimes massacring their inhabitants, such as in 1167:

and raided the coastal cities of the Netherlands (often killing Spanish and Dutch alike). He also raised an army, consisting mostly of German

5029: 4894: 1140:

fled the country. Following the announcement that Philip II, unhappy with the situation in the Netherlands, would dispatch his loyal general

845: 1757:

descent from William of Orange. All stadtholders after William of Orange were drawn from his descendants or the descendants of his brother.

1591:

and disembowelled alive, that his heart should be torn from his chest and flung in his face, and that, finally, his head should be cut off.

1119:, angered by Catholic oppression and theologically opposed to the Catholic use of images of saints (which in their eyes conflicted with the 4483: 5074: 3423: 4194: 5044: 2732:

and Vlissingen in Zeeland. It had been the property of Philip II since 1567, but had fallen into arrears to the province. In 1580, the

1807: 1435:, and because Philip II needed them elsewhere subsequently, the Duke of Parma was unable to advance any further until the end of 1581. 956: 62: 4759: 4738: 4603: 2261: 1525: 1343:. They broke off their siege when nearby dykes were breached by the Dutch. William was content with the victory, and established the 158: 3814: 3611: 906: 4766: 1339:

embankment, on 14 April cost the lives of two of William's brothers, Louis and Henry. Requesens's armies also besieged the city of

799: 5014: 4745: 4626: 3067: 2434: 4717: 4582: 2418: 2028:

A couple of years after Anna's death, William had a brief relationship with Eva Elincx, a commoner, leading to the birth of an

146: 4069:

P.J. Meertens, N.B. Tenhaeff and A. Komter-Kuipers (eds.). Wereldbibliotheek, Amsterdam 1942; p. 148, note. (Dutch, on DBNL)).

2410: 5054: 3621: 2462: 2314: 1203: 1000: 968: 4773: 2450: 2398: 1557: 849: 742:. Unhappy with the centralisation of political power away from the local estates and with the Spanish persecution of Dutch 564: 1937:

This proverb is often attributed to William, but it has not been found in his written texts, and it is also attributed to

1509:(1584–1647), William's fourth legitimate son. With her, "Father William", as he was affectionately styled, settled at the 4339: 3279: 2284: 2017:, aged 18 and the wealthy heiress to the lands of her father. William thus gained the titles Lord of Egmond and Count of 619: 17: 1813:

The national colour of the Netherlands is orange, and it is used, among other things, in the clothing of Dutch athletes.

857: 856:). In Brussels, he was taught foreign languages and received a military and diplomatic education under the direction of 4619: 2743: 1789:(French, "I will maintain") was also used by William, who based it on the motto of his cousin René of Châlon, who used 1461:

On 22 July 1581, the Staten Generaal declared that they no longer recognised Philip II of Spain as their ruler, in the

3353: 836:

William was sent to the Netherlands to receive the required Roman Catholic education, first at the family's estate in

4947: 4455: 4273: 4258: 4214: 4129: 2883: 2495: 2342: 2125: 1966: 1706: 1702: 1506: 1283: 1014: 833:, who was the overlord of most of these estates, served as regent until William was old enough to rule them himself. 787: 543: 4919: 4514: 4414: 4078:"...our son Justin van Nassau" in letter from William of Orange to Diederik Sonoy dated 16 July 1582, facsimile at 2755: 2454: 2184: 2022: 1690: 1662: 1595: 1263:(which they were technically unqualified to do), and reinstated William as the stadtholder of Holland and Zeeland. 1049: 196: 108: 1426:, who had been recruited by William as the new sovereign of the Netherlands, was hugely unpopular with the public. 5114: 5109: 5094: 5009: 4752: 4689: 2799: 2550:

A noble's power was generally based on his ownership of vast tracts of land and lucrative offices. Besides being

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In 1574, William's armies won several minor battles, including several naval encounters. The Spanish, led by Don

1184: 918: 2001: 3993: 2825: 2354: 2218: 992: 535:

Born into the House of Nassau; founder of the Orange-Nassau branch; ancestor of the monarchy of the Netherlands

67: 3187: 1474: 4045: 2919: 2358: 2068:. The couple had two sons and three daughters. One of the sons died in infancy and the other son, the famous 1222:

On 22 August 1571, his second wife Anna gave birth to a daughter, named Christina von Dietz, and fathered by

1022:

following the Hispano-French war. During his stay in Paris, on a hunting trip to the Bois de Vincennes, King

996: 921:, when Charles resigned the imperial crown in 1556 and was one of the Spanish signatories for the April 1559 861: 1019: 922: 5099: 4968: 4952: 4780: 4675: 2370: 1938: 1176: 597: 587: 35: 2198: 1274:. William himself then advanced with his own army and marched into several cities in the south, including 1191:

on 21 July, although Louis managed to escape. These two battles are now considered to be the start of the

905:

with an army of 20,000 to take the city in a siege from the French. William was also made a member of the

4994: 4973: 4787: 2206: 1960: 1836: 1626:. The monument on his tomb was originally very modest, but it was replaced in 1623 by a new one, made by 1466: 1454: 702: 614: 4013: 3937: 1567:

pistols on his return journey. On 10 July, he made an appointment with William of Orange in his home in

5084: 5059: 5034: 5024: 4065: 3429: 2945: 2697: 2559: 1825: 1366:, sacking the city in what became a tremendous propaganda coup for the rebels. While the new governor, 1316: 1282:. William had counted on intervention from the Huguenots as well, but this plan was thwarted after the 2321: 4942: 4909: 4889: 4549: 3985: 3912:", "cunning William", found in a Latin source of 1574 and attributed there to the Flemish inquisitor 2509: 2362: 2302: 2233:(married 25 August 1561, annulled 22 March 1571; b. 23 December 1544, d. 18 December 1577) 1844: 1686: 208: 3315: 2446: 5089: 4642: 2599: 1817: 1673:. However, as Philip William was a hostage in Spain and had been for most of his life, his brother 1572: 1453:. On 29 September 1580, the Staten Generaal (with the exception of Zeeland and Holland) signed the 1070: 972: 42: 3919: 2721: 1410:

constitution, and would remain the only formal connection between the Dutch provinces until 1797.

5069: 5064: 4098: 3616:. Virginia, United States: University of Virginia Press (published 22 January 1996). p. 58. 2249: 2060:, was tumultuous, and it is generally assumed that William married her to gain more influence in 1892:, Henry, finding himself alone with the Prince, began to speak of the great number of Protestant 1771: 783: 4960: 4874: 4799: 4682: 4661: 4356: 4079: 2977: 2857: 2555: 2517: 2129: 2021:. The couple had a happy marriage and became the parents of three children together; their son 1942: 1851: 1821: 1722: 1642: 1634: 1494: 1446: 1423: 1083: 872: 826: 698: 629: 241: 31: 4207:

The Awful End of William the Silent: The First Assassination of a Head of State with A Handgun

4121: 5039: 4703: 4593: 2669: 2121: 1954: 1750: 1693:. Phillip William died in Brussels on 20 February 1618 and was succeeded by his half-brother 1502: 1371: 1332: 1321: 980: 822: 4313: 4113: 3699:

Minutes of the States-General of 10 July 1584, quoted in J. W. Berkelbach van der Sprenkel,

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had been shot 13 years earlier in the first firearm assassination of a head of government.)

1587:

flesh should be torn from his bones with pincers in six different places, that he should be

1331:

since Philip replaced Alba in 1573, also had their successes. Their decisive victory in the

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History of the United Netherlands from the Death of William the Silent to the Synod of Dort

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would succeed William as prince. Anna died on 24 March 1558, leaving William much grieved.

1910: 1718: 1645:, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, and Stadtholder in the Netherlands, was buried in 1351: 1344: 1208: 1192: 1180: 1094: 1039: 706: 682: 678: 604: 592: 467: 295: 71: 1302:

after seven months and a loss of 8,000 soldiers, and they had to break off their siege of

8: 4562: 4504: 4239: 4229: 4219: 3730: 3125: 2729: 2717: 2689: 2539: 2033: 1866: 1730: 1619: 1490: 1450: 1367: 1254: 1188: 1149: 853: 814: 791: 739: 553: 262: 3457: 2562:, William possessed other estates, mostly enfeoffed to some other sovereign, either the 1711: 1549: 751: 4884: 4869: 4842: 4092: 2629: 1840: 1738: 1734: 1726: 1023: 941: 910: 795: 609: 229: 123: 3836: 3327: 4879: 4724: 4696: 4654: 4539: 4535: 4500: 4496: 4462: 4269: 4254: 4210: 4125: 4114: 3989: 3771: 3617: 2677: 2645: 2641: 2595: 2567: 2485: 2318: 2117: 2077: 2069: 1889: 1749:

In the 19th century the Netherlands became a constitutional monarchy, currently with

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In early 1565, a large group of lesser noblemen, including William's younger brother

1003: 988: 961: 914: 830: 775: 771: 767: 735: 518: 493: 390: 370: 173: 169: 4899: 4393: 3496:

Apologie contre l'édit de proscription publié en 1580 par Philippe II, Roi d'Espagne

98: 4710: 4400: 4181: 4157: 3913: 3763: 3299: 2725: 2551: 2049: 1946: 1775: 1670: 1618:, but as that city was under royal control when William died, he was buried in the 1402: 1370:, was en route, William of Orange got most of the provinces and cities to sign the 1309:

In 1573, William joined the Calvinist Church. He appointed a Calvinist theologian,

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Scholarly environments: centres of learning and institutional contexts, 1560–1960

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On 25 August 1561, William of Orange married for the second time. His new wife,

1030:

On 25 August 1561, William of Orange married for the second time. His new wife,

4904: 4864: 4668: 4466: 4296: 4279: 3862: 2563: 2228: 2160: 2057: 2014: 1765: 1698: 1666: 1638: 1432: 1387: 1266:

Concurrently, rebel armies captured cities throughout the entire country, from

1074:

Utrecht, but there was a latent antagonism between the natures of the two men.

1031: 894: 868: 710: 686: 658: 437: 411: 394: 3767: 1594:

William was the first politician to be assassinated by handgun. (The Scottish

4988: 4198:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 672–674. 4189: 4176: 3977: 3908:(1864) has argued that this is in fact an erroneous rendering of the phrase " 3775: 3502:, ed. C. A. Mees (Antwerpen, 1923), pp. 48–50 (Dutch version); Pontus Payen, 3314:

John Whitehead Historian, Oxford, Oriel College, weblog page about William I

2490:(married 24 April 1583; b. 23 September 1555, d. 13 November 1620) 1902:

anecdote are first found in a historical source from the early 17th century.

1859: 1855: 1588: 1378: 1271: 715: 4611: 3751: 2701: 1880:

Historiography of the Eighty Years' War § Testimony in Orange's Apology

1760:

Many of the Dutch national symbols can be traced back to William of Orange:

1606: 4202: 3933: 3905: 3837:"Father of His Fatherland, Founder of the United States of the Netherlands" 3274: 2029: 2010: 1806:, was originally a propaganda song for William. It was probably written by 1782: 1103: 975:. They were mainly seeking more political power for themselves against the 665:; 24 April 1533 – 10 July 1584), more commonly known in the 2165:(married 6 July 1551; b. est. 1534, d. 24 March 1558) 1893: 794:. William's father had one surviving daughter by his previous marriage to 4830: 4589: 4558: 4531: 4492: 4443: 2693: 2520:, King of England, Scotland, Ireland and Stadtholder of the Netherlands. 1952:

He is featured as a playable leader in the computer strategy game series

1850:

Another statue of William the Silent was erected in 1908 in front of the

1489:". Almost all of Anjou's men were killed, and he was reprimanded by both 1486: 1310: 1234: 1183:

against a Spanish army led by the stadtholder of the northern provinces,

1112: 1013:, William's letter of justification, which was published and read to the 944:, thereby greatly increasing his political power. A stadtholdership over 929: 798:, and his mother had four surviving children by her previous marriage to 743: 666: 258: 165: 119: 3734: 2728:

as an inescutcheon on his father's arms. In 1582, William purchased the

2709: 1418: 2586: 2535: 2073: 1678: 1564: 1553: 1538: 1533: 1510: 1470: 1223: 1116: 1098: 362: 1397:

Five northern provinces, later followed by most cities in Brabant and

2681: 1919: 1802: 1571:, the Prinsenhof. That day, William was having dinner with his guest 1287: 1250: 1168: 1164: 1124: 1108: 1043: 731: 1785:

of the Netherlands is based on that of William of Orange. Its motto

2705: 2685: 2673: 2608: 2088: 1754: 1398: 1291: 1275: 1267: 1137: 1054: 841: 803: 727: 4318: 4284:

William the Silent: William of Nassau, Prince of Orange, 1533–1584

4175:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

3789: 2116:

William married for the fourth and final time on 12 April 1583 to

4838: 4834: 4435: 3752:"The pistol as assassination weapon: A case of technological lag" 2661: 2653: 2637: 2612: 2603: 2578: 2337:(married 24 June 1575; b. c. 1546, d. 5 May 1582) 2044: 1478: 1303: 1295: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1132: 984: 937: 933: 902: 898: 810: 530: 4829: 3471:—Not the estates, but you, you, you!" repeating thrice the word 2108: 1215:

In October 1568, William responded by leading a large army into

3498:, ed. A. Lacroix (Brussels, 1858), pp. 87–89 (French version); 2061: 1340: 1298:. They had more trouble with the cities in Holland, where they 1279: 1159: 1035: 747: 4246:. New York and London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1874. 4404: 4016:[The working word. The Adage of William the Silent]. 2649: 2633: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2591: 2582: 2018: 1623: 1615: 1568: 1382: 1358: 1336: 876: 837: 779: 755: 386: 4244:

The Life and Death of John of Barneveld: Advocate of Holland

4162:

The Princes of Orange: The Stadholders in the Dutch Republic

4116:

The princes of Orange: the stadholders in the Dutch Republic

3672:

The Princes of Orange: The Stadholders in the Dutch Republic

4164:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 4047:

Mobile Commerce Over GSM: A Banking Perspective on Security

2657: 1614:

Traditionally, members of the Nassau family were buried in

1046:. Still, he remained tolerant of other religious opinions. 685:(1568–1648) and resulted in the formal independence of the 3962:

The song is named after the first word of the first line,

3477:, which is as disrespectful and uncourteous in Spanish as 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3375: 2475:

Frederick Casimir, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Landsberg

1854:, Germany. The statue is a copy of the original statue by 1641:, have been buried in the same church. His great-grandson 1578:

According to official records, William's last words were:

1390:, in which they agreed to accept their Catholic governor, 1249:

were in the hands of the rebels, notable exceptions being

677:), was the leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish 4319:

Het Huis van Oranje-Nassau en de Nederlandse geschiedenis

3523: 3521: 1934:

One need not hope to undertake, nor succeed to persevere.

913:. William was also selected to carry the insignia of the 3681: 3652: 4014:"Het werkende woord. Het Adagium van Willem de Zwijger" 3372: 1350:

William married for the third time on 24 April 1575 to

1147:

After his arrival in August 1567, Alba established the

4286:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1944. 3811:

Libraries: Special Collections and University Archives

3518: 3434: 2534:

Between his first and second marriages, William had a

2096:

William married for the third time on 12 June 1575 to

41:"Willem van Oranje" redirects here. For the film, see 4301:

Amsterdam: A History of the World's Most Liberal City

3942:

DBNL Digitale bibiotheek voor de Nederlandse letteren

3427:. London, 1889; Romein, J., and Romein-Verschoor, A. 1824:

in 1702, had an orange sash in honour of his mother,

1721:

succeeded his father as stadtholder, as did his son,

750:

by the Spanish king in 1580, he was assassinated by

4226:. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1855. 3676:

The Political Thought of the Dutch Revolt 1555–1590

3354:"Hoe wordt Willem van Oranje vader des vaderlands?" 4336:The Complete Correspondence of William I of Orange 1828:, who was the granddaughter of William the Silent. 1697:, the eldest son by William's second marriage, to 1347:, the first university in the Northern Provinces. 960:Philip II of Spain berating William the Silent by 3982:O Canada: An American's Notes on Canadian Culture 3883:William the Silent by Frederic Harrison pp. 22–23 1665:, William's eldest son by his first marriage, to 1171:, to fight Alba on land. William allied with the 1123:), destroyed statues in hundreds of churches and 5020:Burials in the Royal Crypt at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft 4986: 4066:Adriaen Valerius, Nederlandtsche gedenck-clanck. 2013:on 6 July 1551, the 18-year-old William married 1257:. The rebel cities then called a meeting of the 844:, under the supervision of the Emperor's sister 2391:Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne 1053:The triumphal entry of the Prince of Orange in 3966:, a Latinised form of the prince's first name. 2538:relationship with Eva Elincx. They had a son, 1413: 4815: 4641: 4627: 4043: 3932: 3904:": Famiano Strada, 1635. The Dutch historian 3472: 3466: 1657: 27:Dutch statesman and revolt leader (1533–1584) 5105:Politicians assassinated in the 16th century 4266:Winkler Prins – Geschiedenis der Nederlanden 4011: 3900:": Emanuel van Meteren, 1608 and 1614; cf. " 3506:, I, ed. A. Henne (Brussels, 1860), pp. 6–9. 3478: 1905:In the Netherlands, William is known as the 1501:, a widowed French Huguenot and daughter of 1142:Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba 3674:(Cambridge, 1990), p. 25; M. van Gelderen, 2545: 1563:Gérard returned in July, having bought two 951: 761: 4822: 4808: 4634: 4620: 4007: 4005: 3515:Lacroix (1858), p. 89; Mees (1923), p. 50. 3433:. Amsterdam 1938–1940, p. 150. (Dutch, at 2262:Count Wilhelm Ludwig von Nassau-Dillenburg 1862:, which was destroyed in the World War II. 1839:was erected in 1928 on the main campus of 1808:Philips of Marnix, Lord of Saint-Aldegonde 1774:(red, white and blue) is derived from the 1163:, refugee Protestants who formed bands of 705:. In the Netherlands, he is also known as 697:in 1544 and is thereby the founder of the 61: 4180: 3687: 3658: 3609: 3391: 1832:Other remembrances of William of Orange: 4152:History of the People of the Netherlands 4090: 2525: 2107: 2087: 2043: 2000: 1605: 1532: 1524: 1513:at Delft, and lived like a simple Dutch 1417: 1315: 1202: 1048: 955: 4002: 3297: 3068:Bodo III, Count of Stolberg-Wernigerode 2435:Countess Charlotte Brabantina of Nassau 1633:Since then, most of the members of the 483: 1575; died 1582) 427: 1551; died 1558) 14: 5050:German people of the Eighty Years' War 4987: 4718:George de Lalaing, Count of Rennenberg 4583:George de Lalaing, Count of Rennenberg 4251:De Opstand in de Nederlanden 1555–1609 4154:. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1898. 4120:. Cambridge University Press. p. 4053:. University of Pretoria. p. vii. 3976: 3749: 3736:The Rise of the Dutch Republic, Vol. 3 3729: 3455: 3141: 3021: 3017: 3007: 2899: 2789: 2785: 2419:Countess Charlotte Flandrina of Nassau 2269:Count Maurice August Phillip of Nassau 1737:from 1689. Although he was married to 1233:On 1 April 1572, a group known as the 1226:, best known as the father of painter 5080:People of the French Wars of Religion 4803: 4615: 4111: 3217: 3207: 3203: 3191: 3185: 3175: 3159: 3149: 3145: 3129: 3123: 3113: 3097: 3087: 3083: 3071: 3065: 3055: 3039: 3029: 3025: 3001: 2991: 2975: 2965: 2961: 2949: 2943: 2933: 2917: 2907: 2903: 2887: 2881: 2871: 2855: 2845: 2841: 2829: 2823: 2813: 2797: 2793: 2463:Countess Emilia Antwerpiana of Nassau 1237:("Sea Beggars") captured the city of 1111:(the major Protestant denomination), 969:Philip de Montmorency, Count of Hoorn 928:In 1559, Philip II appointed William 887: 800:Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg 766:William was born on 24 April 1533 at 5030:Deaths by firearm in the Netherlands 4012:Schaper, Bertus Willem (1954–1955). 3813:. Rutgers University. Archived from 2399:Countess Catharina Belgica of Nassau 2120:, a French Huguenot and daughter of 1558:Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort 1537:Bullet holes from the murder at the 1477:attempted to assassinate William in 1107:) spread through the Low Countries. 850:governor of the Habsburg Netherlands 4340:Huygens Institute for Dutch History 3280:List of monarchs of the Netherlands 2570:. As holder of these fiefs, he was 2411:Philip Louis II of Hanau-Münzenberg 2285:Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange 1888:One day, during a stag-hunt in the 1778:, which was orange, white and blue. 1357:After failed peace negotiations in 24: 5075:People murdered in the Netherlands 4290: 4044:van der Merwe, Pieter Ben (2004). 3863:"Planetoïde (12151) Oranje-Nassau" 3782: 3613:Mad Princes of Renaissance Germany 2749:First Arms of William I the Silent 2103: 2039: 1926: 1601: 1082:. But, in an iconic speech to the 786:). He was the eldest son of Count 159:William Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg 25: 5126: 5045:Stadtholders in the Low Countries 4307: 4018:Maatstaf: Maandblad voor letteren 3468:No los estados, ma vos, vos, vos! 2884:William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen 2496:Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange 2387:Frédéric Maurice, duc de Bouillon 2343:Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau 2083: 1996: 1967:Civilization IV: Beyond the Sword 1529:Balthasar Gérard shooting William 1392:Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma 544:William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen 4168: 3756:Terrorism and Political Violence 3649:(revised edition, 1985), p. 148. 3462:. Vol. I. Harper Brothers. 2761:2nd Arms of William I the Silent 2754: 2742: 2455:James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby 2185:Philip William, Prince of Orange 2098:Charlotte de Bourbon-Montpensier 1991: 1973:Civilization V: Gods & Kings 1520: 1352:Charlotte de Bourbon-Montpensier 995:in the Netherlands, directed by 867:On 6 July 1551, William married 730:, William originally served the 563: 554:Juliana of Stolberg-Werningerode 454: 4209:. London: HarperCollins: 2005: 4105: 4084: 4072: 4057: 4036: 3969: 3956: 3926: 3886: 3877: 3855: 3829: 3799: 3743: 3723: 3709: 3693: 3664: 3639: 3630: 3603: 3594: 3585: 3576: 3567: 3543: 3530: 3509: 3500:Apologie, ofte Verantwoordinghe 3488: 3449: 3126:Juliana of Stolberg-Wernigerode 2800:John IV, Count of Nassau-Siegen 2775:Ancestors of William the Silent 2092:Charlotte de Bourbon-Monpensier 1983:(Finely Clothed Barbarian) and 1689:, and as a counterpoise to the 1320:William of Orange engraving by 1185:Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg 932:(governor) of the provinces of 506: 480: 450: 424: 5015:Assassinated Dutch politicians 4224:The Rise of the Dutch Republic 3610:Midelfort, H. C. Erik (1994). 3552:C. P. Hoynck van Papendrecht, 3459:The Rise of the Dutch Republic 3440: 3415: 3406: 3397: 3346: 3320: 3308: 3291: 2826:John V, Count of Nassau-Siegen 2355:Frederick IV, Elector Palatine 2219:Philip of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein 2124:. She was to be the mother of 2076:(father of the famous painter 1865:In January 2008, the asteroid 1837:A statue of William the Silent 1505:. She was to be the mother of 1394:(who had succeeded Don Juan). 1284:St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre 790:and his second wife, Countess 13: 1: 4314:The Revolt of the Netherlands 4141: 3750:Harvey, A. D. (1 June 1991). 3456:Motley, John Lothrop (1885). 3430:Erflaters van onze beschaving 3424:The Story of Nations: Holland 3298:Abelous, Louis David (1872). 2920:Henry III, Landgrave of Hesse 2359:Frederick V, Elector Palatine 1923:, was written in his honour. 858:Jérôme Perrenot de Champagney 5055:Knights of the Golden Fleece 4774:Johan Willem Friso of Orange 4676:Georg Schenck van Tautenburg 4236:. London: John Murray, 1860. 3944:(in Dutch). pp. 404–407 2371:Countess Elisabeth of Nassau 2361:would be the grandfather of 2048:Anna of Saxony—Engraving by 1717:The son of Frederick Henry, 1473:. On 18 March, the Spaniard 1179:in the northern province of 1153:(known to the people as the 1127:throughout the Netherlands. 999:, prime minister to the new 734:as a member of the court of 36:William I of the Netherlands 7: 4515:Maximilien de Hénin-Liétard 3268: 3188:Anna of Eppstein-Königstein 2766: 2560:Knight of the Golden Fleece 2385:, and had issue, including 2383:Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne 1961:Civilization III: Conquests 1467:declaration of independence 1455:Treaty of Plessis-les-Tours 1414:Declaration of Independence 703:monarchy of the Netherlands 336:Maximilien de Hénin-Liétard 285:Maximilien de Hénin-Liétard 253:Maximilien de Hénin-Liétard 197:Maximilien de Hénin-Liétard 90:15 July 1544 – 10 July 1584 10: 5131: 4484:Maximilian II of Burgundy, 4249:van der Lem, Anton. 1995. 4112:Rowen, Herbert H. (1988). 4097:. Jonathan Cape. pp. 3678:(Cambridge, 1992), p. 151. 3527:Wedgwood (1944) pp. 49–50. 3135: 3019: 2946:Elisabeth of Hesse-Marburg 2893: 2787: 2449:, and had issue including 1877: 1873: 1826:Louise Henriette of Nassau 1764:He is the ancestor of the 1658:Succession and family ties 1335:in the south east, on the 1329:Luis de Zúñiga y Requesens 1020:Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis 923:Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis 788:William I of Nassau-Siegen 523: 40: 29: 4948:Frederick Henry of Orange 4910:Maximilian II of Burgundy 4890:Henry III of Nassau-Breda 4849: 4649: 4643:Stadtholders of Friesland 4600: 4587: 4579: 4569: 4556: 4550:Maurice, Prince of Orange 4546: 4529: 4521: 4511: 4490: 4480: 4475: 4460: 4452: 4429: 4421: 4411: 4398: 4390: 4385: 4350: 4338:. Digital archive by the 4280:Wedgwood, Cicely Veronica 3986:Farrar, Straus and Giroux 3918:De Tachtigjarige Oorlog. 3916:. See Leiden University, 3768:10.1080/09546559108427107 3205: 3197: 3169: 3147: 3143: 3107: 3085: 3077: 3049: 3027: 3023: 2985: 2963: 2955: 2927: 2905: 2901: 2865: 2843: 2835: 2807: 2791: 2510:Amalia of Solms-Braunfels 2508:Married to Countess 2481: 2451:Charlotte de la Trémoille 2363:George I of Great Britain 2328: 2317:(son of pretender to the 2303:Countess Emilia of Nassau 2240: 2224: 2199:Eleonora of Bourbon-Condé 2156: 1845:New Brunswick, New Jersey 1753:as head of state: he has 1725:. The latter also became 1687:Johan van Oldenbarneveldt 1652: 1610:Tomb of William of Orange 1377:When Don Juan signed the 1364:"Spanish Fury" on Antwerp 882: 644: 640: 580: 575: 571: 559: 549: 539: 529: 517: 400: 376: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 330: 320: 312: 301: 289: 279: 268: 257: 247: 235: 225: 214: 202: 190: 179: 164: 152: 140: 129: 118: 114: 104: 94: 86: 79: 60: 55: 4329:. Dutch history website 3564:(2004), 15–32, esp. 15). 3285: 2720:. He placed the arms of 2546:Coats of arms and titles 2207:Countess Maria of Nassau 2170:Countess Maria of Nassau 2135: 2015:Anna van Egmond en Buren 2005:Anna van Egmond en Buren 1911:Father of the Fatherland 1818:Order of the Black Eagle 1800:of the Netherlands, the 1573:Rombertus van Uylenburgh 973:Lamoral, Count of Egmont 952:From politician to rebel 762:Early life and education 707:Father of the Fatherland 701:and the ancestor of the 588:Italian War of 1551–1559 30:Not to be confused with 4875:Wolfert VI van Borselen 4604:William Louis of Nassau 4268:. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 4264:Various authors. 1977. 4195:Encyclopædia Britannica 4091:Wedgwood, C.V. (1944). 3703:, Haarlem 1941, p. 29: 3701:De Vader des Vaderlands 3636:Wedgwood (1944) p. 120. 3600:Wedgwood (1944) p. 109. 3591:Wedgwood (1944) p. 108. 3582:Wedgwood (1944) p. 105. 3573:Wedgwood (1944) p. 104. 3494:See William of Orange, 3316:Once I was a clever boy 2357:, 8 children. Her son, 2322:António, Prior of Crato 2250:Countess Anna of Nassau 2238:Countess Anna of Nassau 1981:Fijn Uitgedoste Barbaar 1772:flag of the Netherlands 1669:, succeeded him as the 1095:Confederacy of Noblemen 871:, daughter and heir of 784:German Federal Republic 689:in 1648. Born into the 5115:Stadtholders of Frisia 5110:16th-century governors 5095:House of Orange-Nassau 5010:People from Dillenburg 4683:Maximiliaan van Egmond 4662:Willem van Roggendorff 4357:House of Orange-Nassau 4303:. New York: Doubleday. 3479: 3473: 3467: 3446:Wedgwood (1944) p. 34. 3403:Wedgwood (1944) p. 29. 2978:Anna of Katzenelnbogen 2858:Mary of Looz-Heinsberg 2568:the imperial Habsburgs 2556:principality of Orange 2531: 2447:Claude, Duc de Thouars 2113: 2093: 2053: 2006: 1936: 1899: 1852:Marktkirche, Wiesbaden 1822:Frederick I of Prussia 1791:Je maintiendrai Châlon 1635:House of Orange-Nassau 1611: 1584: 1541: 1530: 1495:Elizabeth I of England 1447:Francis, Duke of Anjou 1427: 1324: 1212: 1207:William the Silent by 1198: 1066: 964: 873:Maximiliaan van Egmond 827:House of Orange-Nassau 720: 714: 674: 662: 326:Maximilian of Burgundy 242:Maximilian of Burgundy 32:William III of England 4961:William III of Orange 4704:Gillis van Berlaymont 2670:Hooge en Lage Zwaluwe 2529: 2111: 2091: 2047: 2004: 1932: 1886: 1810:, a supporter of him. 1751:King Willem-Alexander 1723:William III of Orange 1685:at the suggestion of 1609: 1580: 1536: 1528: 1421: 1372:Pacification of Ghent 1333:Battle of Mookerheyde 1322:Stephen Alonzo Schoff 1319: 1206: 1177:Battle of Heiligerlee 1052: 959: 917:to Charles's brother 862:Cardinal de Granvelle 598:Battle of St. Quentin 4969:William IV of Orange 4953:William II of Orange 4935:Adolf van Nieuwenaar 4925:Philip of Noircarmes 4920:Maximilian of Hennin 4781:William IV of Orange 4573:Adolf van Nieuwenaar 4525:Philip of Noircarmes 4444:Baron of IJsselstein 4362:Cadet branch of the 4148:Petrus Johannes Blok 3843:. Yahoo!. 9 May 2009 3554:Vita Viglii ab Aytta 3301:William the Taciturn 3162:Philip I of Eppstein 3100:Mathilde of Mansfeld 3042:Henry IX of Stolberg 2333:Charlotte of Bourbon 1907:Vader des Vaderlands 1869:was named after him. 1719:William II of Orange 1630:and his son Pieter. 1345:University of Leiden 1209:Willem Jacobsz Delff 721:Vader des Vaderlands 699:Orange-Nassau branch 655:William the Taciturn 615:Battle of Le Quesnoy 468:Charlotte of Bourbon 453: 1561; 296:Adolf van Nieuwenaar 72:Adriaen Thomasz. Key 5100:16th-century rebels 4974:William V of Orange 4788:William V of Orange 4352:William the Silent 4253:. Utrecht: Kosmos. 4240:John Lothrop Motley 4230:John Lothrop Motley 4220:John Lothrop Motley 3817:on 3 September 2006 3421:J. Thorold Rogers, 3332:Canon van Nederland 3328:"Willem van Oranje" 2730:marquisate of Veere 2540:Justinus van Nassau 2530:Justinus van Nassau 2516:and grandfather of 2499:and Count of Nassau 2307: 10 April 1569 2288:and Count of Nassau 2188:and Count of Nassau 2034:Justinus van Nassau 1867:12151 Oranje-Nassau 1491:Catherine de Medici 1451:Henry III of France 1368:Don Juan of Austria 1189:Battle of Jemmingen 1150:Council of Troubles 854:Seventeen Provinces 809:In 1544, William's 792:Juliana of Stolberg 740:Spanish Netherlands 620:Siege of Middelburg 74:, c. 1570–1584 18:William I of Orange 4995:William the Silent 4895:Antoon van Lalaing 4885:Jan III van Egmond 4858:Willem van Lalaing 4767:Hendrik Casimir II 4476:Political offices 4094:William the Silent 3558:Analecta belgica I 3220:Louise de La Marck 3004:William the Silent 2532: 2315:Manuel de Portugal 2122:Gaspard de Coligny 2114: 2094: 2054: 2007: 1841:Rutgers University 1776:flag of the prince 1643:William III and II 1612: 1542: 1531: 1503:Gaspard de Coligny 1449:, brother of King 1428: 1401:, then signed the 1325: 1213: 1121:Second Commandment 1067: 1059:The Wars of Nassau 1024:Henry II of France 997:Cardinal Granvelle 965: 948:followed in 1561. 911:Philip II of Spain 888:Imperial favourite 823:siege of St Dizier 796:Walburga of Egmont 738:, governor of the 651:William the Silent 610:Battle of Jodoigne 316:Philip II of Spain 230:Philip II of Spain 56:William the Silent 5085:Princes of Orange 5060:Leiden University 5035:Dutch Protestants 5025:Counts in Germany 4982: 4981: 4943:Maurice of Nassau 4939: 4930:William of Orange 4915:William of Orange 4905:Louis of Flanders 4880:Joost van Lalaing 4861:Gozewijn de Wilde 4797: 4796: 4753:Hendrik Casimir I 4732:William of Orange 4725:Francisco Verdugo 4697:Charles de Brimeu 4655:Floris van Egmond 4610: 4609: 4601:Succeeded by 4570:Succeeded by 4547:Succeeded by 4512:Succeeded by 4486:Marquess of Veere 4412:Succeeded by 4327:Willem van Oranje 4186:William of Orange 4182:Edmundson, George 3920:Willem de Zwijger 3910:astutus Gulielmus 3623:978-0-8139-1501-2 3265: 3264: 3261: 3260: 2726:princes of Orange 2596:Nassau-Dillenburg 2524: 2523: 2486:Louise de Coligny 2470:28 September 1657 2439:17 September 1580 2409:Married to Count 2319:Portuguese throne 2279:Died in infancy. 2179:Died in infancy. 2118:Louise de Coligny 2112:Louise de Coligny 2078:Peter Paul Rubens 2070:Maurice of Nassau 1913:", and the Dutch 1890:Bois de Vincennes 1691:Earl of Leicester 1675:Maurice of Nassau 1647:Westminster Abbey 1628:Hendrik de Keyser 1499:Louise de Coligny 1463:Act of Abjuration 1228:Peter Paul Rubens 1193:Eighty Years' War 1009:According to the 1004:Margaret of Parma 962:Cornelis Kruseman 915:Holy Roman Empire 831:Emperor Charles V 776:Holy Roman Empire 772:Nassau-Dillenburg 770:in the County of 768:Dillenburg Castle 736:Margaret of Parma 683:Eighty Years' War 681:that set off the 675:Willem van Oranje 671:William of Orange 663:Willem de Zwijger 648: 647: 605:Eighty Years' War 494:Louise de Coligny 391:County of Holland 371:Holy Roman Empire 209:Maurice of Nassau 147:George de Lalaing 44:Willem van Oranje 16:(Redirected from 5122: 4937: 4824: 4817: 4810: 4801: 4800: 4790: 4783: 4776: 4769: 4762: 4755: 4748: 4741: 4734: 4727: 4720: 4713: 4711:Caspar de Robles 4706: 4699: 4692: 4685: 4678: 4671: 4664: 4657: 4636: 4629: 4622: 4613: 4612: 4580:Preceded by 4522:Preceded by 4481:Preceded by 4463:Count of Vianden 4456:William the Rich 4453:Preceded by 4422:Preceded by 4401:Prince of Orange 4391:Preceded by 4381: 4374: 4348: 4347: 4344: 4332: 4323: 4199: 4174: 4172: 4171: 4158:Herbert H. Rowen 4136: 4135: 4119: 4109: 4103: 4102: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4070: 4061: 4055: 4054: 4052: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4009: 4000: 3999: 3973: 3967: 3960: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3949: 3930: 3924: 3914:Pieter Titelmans 3890: 3884: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3833: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3803: 3797: 3795: 3791:Nieuwekerk-Delft 3786: 3780: 3779: 3747: 3741: 3740: 3727: 3721: 3713: 3707: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3647:The Dutch Revolt 3643: 3637: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3607: 3601: 3598: 3592: 3589: 3583: 3580: 3574: 3571: 3565: 3547: 3541: 3536:Herman Kaptein, 3534: 3528: 3525: 3516: 3513: 3507: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3453: 3447: 3444: 3438: 3419: 3413: 3410: 3404: 3401: 3395: 3389: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3350: 3344: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3295: 2781: 2780: 2772: 2771: 2758: 2746: 2734:Court of Holland 2378:3 September 1642 2324:), 10 children. 2291:13 November 1567 2194:20 February 1618 2191:19 December 1554 2173:22 November 1553 2140: 2139: 2064:, Hesse and the 2050:Abraham de Bruyn 1947:Charles the Bold 1858:in front of the 1712:Peace of Münster 1671:Prince of Orange 1637:, including all 1550:Balthasar Gérard 1475:Juan de Jáuregui 1403:Union of Utrecht 1173:French Huguenots 1155:Council of Blood 1084:Council of State 1080:Council of Trent 1038:, Hesse and the 985:Viglius of Aytta 983:, Granvelle and 981:Count Berlaymont 819:Prince of Orange 752:Balthasar Gérard 695:Prince of Orange 687:United Provinces 576:Military service 567: 510: 508: 484: 482: 458: 456: 452: 428: 426: 383: 367:County of Nassau 333: 323: 306: 292: 282: 273: 250: 238: 219: 205: 193: 184: 155: 143: 134: 81:Prince of Orange 65: 53: 52: 21: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5124: 5123: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5090:House of Nassau 4985: 4984: 4983: 4978: 4870:Lewis de Bruges 4854:Hugo van Lannoy 4845: 4828: 4798: 4793: 4786: 4779: 4772: 4765: 4760:Willem Frederik 4758: 4751: 4744: 4739:Willem Lodewijk 4737: 4730: 4723: 4716: 4709: 4702: 4695: 4688: 4681: 4674: 4667: 4660: 4653: 4645: 4640: 4606: 4597: 4585: 4575: 4566: 4552: 4543: 4527: 4517: 4508: 4488: 4485: 4470: 4458: 4447: 4442: 4427: 4425:Anna van Egmont 4417: 4408: 4403: 4396: 4375: 4369: 4368: 4365:House of Nassau 4360: 4353: 4342: 4330: 4321: 4310: 4297:Shorto, Russell 4293: 4291:Further reading 4169: 4167: 4144: 4139: 4132: 4110: 4106: 4089: 4085: 4077: 4073: 4062: 4058: 4050: 4041: 4037: 4027: 4025: 4010: 4003: 3996: 3974: 3970: 3961: 3957: 3947: 3945: 3931: 3927: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3868: 3866: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3846: 3844: 3835: 3834: 3830: 3820: 3818: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3748: 3744: 3731:Motley, John L. 3728: 3724: 3714: 3710: 3698: 3694: 3686: 3682: 3669: 3665: 3657: 3653: 3644: 3640: 3635: 3631: 3624: 3608: 3604: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3586: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3568: 3548: 3544: 3538:De Beeldenstorm 3535: 3531: 3526: 3519: 3514: 3510: 3493: 3489: 3454: 3450: 3445: 3441: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3407: 3402: 3398: 3390: 3373: 3363: 3361: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3337: 3335: 3326: 3325: 3321: 3313: 3309: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3271: 3266: 2769: 2762: 2759: 2750: 2747: 2666:Geertruidenberg 2548: 2502:29 January 1584 2498: 2467:9 December 1581 2297:Never married. 2287: 2273:8 December 1564 2254:5 November 1563 2244:Died at birth. 2241:31 October 1562 2214:10 October 1616 2211:7 February 1556 2187: 2138: 2126:Frederick Henry 2106: 2104:Fourth marriage 2086: 2042: 2040:Second marriage 2011:castle of Buren 1999: 1994: 1958:, appearing in 1929: 1927:Popular culture 1915:national anthem 1882: 1876: 1798:national anthem 1787:Je maintiendrai 1743:House of Orange 1727:king of England 1707:Frederick Henry 1703:Frederick Henry 1683:Captain-General 1660: 1655: 1604: 1602:Burial and tomb 1523: 1507:Frederick Henry 1433:Treaty of Arras 1416: 1388:Treaty of Arras 1379:Perpetual Edict 1260:Staten Generaal 1201: 1063:Frans Hogenberg 954: 890: 885: 846:Mary of Hungary 764: 691:House of Nassau 636: 630:Battle of Delft 625:Siege of Leiden 513: 512: 509: 1583) 504: 500: 497: 496: 486: 478: 474: 471: 470: 460: 457: 1571) 448: 444: 441: 440: 430: 422: 418: 415: 414: 385: 381: 361: 331: 321: 307: 302: 290: 280: 274: 269: 248: 236: 220: 215: 203: 191: 185: 180: 153: 141: 135: 130: 75: 49: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5128: 5118: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5070:Child monarchs 5067: 5065:Lords of Breda 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5007: 5002: 4997: 4980: 4979: 4977: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4963: 4958: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4938:(Utrecht only) 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4900:René of Châlon 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4865:Jean de Lannoy 4862: 4859: 4856: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4827: 4826: 4819: 4812: 4804: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4791: 4784: 4777: 4770: 4763: 4756: 4749: 4742: 4735: 4728: 4721: 4714: 4707: 4700: 4693: 4686: 4679: 4672: 4669:Jancko Douwama 4665: 4658: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4639: 4638: 4631: 4624: 4616: 4608: 4607: 4602: 4599: 4586: 4581: 4577: 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2177: 2174: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2161:Anna of Egmond 2154: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2137: 2134: 2105: 2102: 2085: 2084:Third marriage 2082: 2058:Anna of Saxony 2041: 2038: 2023:Philip William 1998: 1997:First marriage 1995: 1993: 1990: 1989: 1988: 1977: 1950: 1928: 1925: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1870: 1863: 1848: 1830: 1829: 1814: 1811: 1794: 1779: 1768: 1766:Dutch monarchy 1699:Anna of Saxony 1677:was appointed 1667:Anna of Egmond 1663:Philip William 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1639:Dutch monarchs 1603: 1600: 1522: 1519: 1465:. This formal 1415: 1412: 1200: 1197: 1101:(known as the 1032:Anna of Saxony 1015:States General 979:government of 953: 950: 907:Raad van State 889: 886: 884: 881: 821:, died in the 815:René of Châlon 813:first cousin, 763: 760: 646: 645: 642: 641: 638: 637: 635: 634: 633: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 602: 601: 600: 595: 584: 582: 578: 577: 573: 572: 569: 568: 561: 557: 556: 551: 547: 546: 541: 537: 536: 533: 527: 526: 521: 515: 514: 502: 498: 492: 491: 490: 489: 476: 472: 466: 465: 464: 463: 446: 442: 438:Anna of Saxony 436: 435: 434: 433: 420: 416: 412:Anna of Egmond 410: 409: 408: 407: 404: 402: 398: 397: 395:Dutch Republic 384:(aged 51) 378: 374: 373: 358: 354: 353: 350: 349: 346: 345: 342: 341: 338: 337: 334: 328: 327: 324: 318: 317: 314: 310: 309: 299: 298: 293: 287: 286: 283: 277: 276: 266: 265: 255: 254: 251: 245: 244: 239: 233: 232: 227: 223: 222: 212: 211: 206: 200: 199: 194: 188: 187: 177: 176: 162: 161: 156: 150: 149: 144: 138: 137: 127: 126: 116: 115: 112: 111: 109:Philip William 106: 102: 101: 96: 92: 91: 88: 84: 83: 77: 76: 66: 58: 57: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5127: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4851: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4825: 4820: 4818: 4813: 4811: 4806: 4805: 4802: 4789: 4785: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4771: 4768: 4764: 4761: 4757: 4754: 4750: 4747: 4746:Ernst Casimir 4743: 4740: 4736: 4733: 4729: 4726: 4722: 4719: 4715: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4694: 4691: 4690:Jean de Ligne 4687: 4684: 4680: 4677: 4673: 4670: 4666: 4663: 4659: 4656: 4652: 4651: 4648: 4644: 4637: 4632: 4630: 4625: 4623: 4618: 4617: 4614: 4605: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4584: 4578: 4574: 4565: 4564: 4560: 4555: 4551: 4542: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4526: 4520: 4516: 4507: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4487: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4468: 4464: 4457: 4451: 4446: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4426: 4420: 4416: 4407: 4406: 4402: 4395: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4373:24 April 1533 4372: 4367: 4366: 4359: 4358: 4349: 4341: 4337: 4334: 4328: 4325: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4311: 4302: 4298: 4295: 4294: 4285: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4274:90-10-01745-1 4271: 4267: 4263: 4260: 4259:90-215-2574-7 4256: 4252: 4248: 4245: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4231: 4228: 4225: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4215:0-00-719257-6 4212: 4208: 4204: 4203:Jardine, Lisa 4201: 4197: 4196: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4177:public domain 4166: 4163: 4159: 4156: 4153: 4149: 4146: 4145: 4133: 4131:9780521345255 4127: 4123: 4118: 4117: 4108: 4100: 4096: 4095: 4087: 4081: 4075: 4068: 4067: 4060: 4049: 4048: 4042:For example: 4039: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4008: 4006: 3997: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975:For example: 3972: 3965: 3959: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3934:Fruin, Robert 3929: 3922: 3921: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3898:den Schweiger 3895: 3889: 3880: 3864: 3858: 3842: 3838: 3832: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3802: 3793: 3792: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3746: 3738: 3737: 3732: 3726: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3702: 3696: 3689: 3684: 3677: 3673: 3670:H. R. Rowen, 3667: 3660: 3655: 3648: 3642: 3633: 3625: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3606: 3597: 3588: 3579: 3570: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3546: 3539: 3533: 3524: 3522: 3512: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3484: 3481: 3475: 3469: 3461: 3460: 3452: 3443: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3426: 3425: 3418: 3409: 3400: 3393: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3359: 3355: 3349: 3333: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3303: 3302: 3294: 3290: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3224: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3211: 3210: 3201: 3200: 3195: 3194: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3173: 3172: 3167: 3166: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3153: 3152: 3139: 3138: 3133: 3132: 3127: 3121: 3120: 3117: 3116: 3111: 3110: 3105: 3104: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3091: 3090: 3081: 3080: 3075: 3074: 3069: 3063: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3046: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3015: 3014: 3011: 3010: 3005: 2999: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2989: 2988: 2983: 2982: 2979: 2973: 2972: 2969: 2968: 2959: 2958: 2953: 2952: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2930: 2925: 2924: 2921: 2915: 2914: 2911: 2910: 2897: 2896: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2879: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2862: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2811: 2810: 2805: 2804: 2801: 2795: 2783: 2782: 2779: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2757: 2752: 2745: 2740: 2739: 2738: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2630:City of Grave 2627: 2623: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2577: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2528: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2505:14 March 1647 2504: 2501: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2428: 2426:16 April 1640 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2406:12 April 1648 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2377: 2375:26 April 1577 2374: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2350:15 March 1644 2349: 2347:31 March 1576 2346: 2344: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2335: 2334: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2300: 2296: 2294:23 April 1625 2293: 2290: 2286: 2283: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2263: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2231: 2230: 2223: 2220: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2163: 2162: 2155: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2110: 2101: 2099: 2090: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2051: 2046: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2003: 1992:Personal life 1986: 1982: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1962: 1957: 1956: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1931: 1930: 1924: 1922: 1921: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1885: 1881: 1868: 1864: 1861: 1860:Berlin Palace 1857: 1856:Walter Schott 1853: 1849: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1827: 1823: 1820:, founded by 1819: 1816:The Prussian 1815: 1812: 1809: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1795: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1767: 1763: 1762: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1608: 1599: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1583: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1540: 1535: 1527: 1521:Assassination 1518: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1425: 1424:Duke of Anjou 1420: 1411: 1409: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1380: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1353: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1323: 1318: 1314: 1312: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1264: 1262: 1261: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1210: 1205: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1156: 1152: 1151: 1145: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1096: 1093:, formed the 1092: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1075: 1072: 1071:Nassau palace 1064: 1060: 1057:. Print from 1056: 1051: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1028: 1025: 1021: 1016: 1012: 1007: 1005: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 963: 958: 949: 947: 946:Franche-Comté 943: 939: 935: 931: 926: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 880: 878: 874: 870: 865: 863: 860:, brother of 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 840:and later in 839: 834: 832: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 807: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 759: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 724: 722: 718: 717: 716:Pater Patriae 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 643: 639: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 607: 606: 603: 599: 596: 594: 593:Siege of Metz 591: 590: 589: 586: 585: 583: 579: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 555: 552: 548: 545: 542: 538: 534: 532: 528: 525: 522: 520: 516: 495: 488: 487: 469: 462: 461: 439: 432: 431: 413: 406: 405: 403: 399: 396: 392: 388: 379: 375: 372: 368: 364: 360:24 April 1533 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 335: 329: 325: 319: 315: 311: 305: 300: 297: 294: 288: 284: 278: 272: 267: 264: 260: 256: 252: 246: 243: 240: 234: 231: 228: 224: 218: 213: 210: 207: 201: 198: 195: 189: 183: 178: 175: 171: 167: 163: 160: 157: 151: 148: 145: 139: 133: 128: 125: 121: 117: 113: 110: 107: 103: 100: 97: 93: 89: 85: 82: 78: 73: 69: 64: 59: 54: 51: 47: 45: 37: 33: 19: 5040:Dutch rebels 4929: 4914: 4831:Stadtholders 4731: 4588: 4557: 4530: 4491: 4461: 4430: 4399: 4380:10 July 1584 4377: 4370: 4363: 4355: 4300: 4283: 4265: 4250: 4243: 4233: 4223: 4206: 4193: 4161: 4151: 4115: 4107: 4093: 4086: 4074: 4064: 4059: 4046: 4038: 4026:. Retrieved 4021: 4020:(in Dutch). 4017: 3984:. New York: 3981: 3971: 3963: 3958: 3946:. Retrieved 3941: 3928: 3917: 3909: 3906:Robert Fruin 3901: 3897: 3893: 3888: 3879: 3867:. Retrieved 3865:. NL: Xs4all 3857: 3845:. Retrieved 3840: 3831: 3819:. Retrieved 3815:the original 3810: 3801: 3790: 3784: 3762:(2): 92–98. 3759: 3755: 3745: 3735: 3725: 3716: 3711: 3704: 3700: 3695: 3683: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3654: 3646: 3645:Parker, G., 3641: 3632: 3612: 3605: 3596: 3587: 3578: 3569: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3537: 3532: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3463: 3458: 3451: 3442: 3428: 3422: 3417: 3408: 3399: 3362:. Retrieved 3357: 3348: 3336:. Retrieved 3331: 3322: 3310: 3300: 3293: 3275:Pompey (dog) 3003: 2722:Châlon-Arlay 2714: 2571: 2549: 2533: 2512:, father of 2483: 2482: 2403:31 July 1578 2330: 2329: 2310:6 March 1629 2276:3 March 1566 2257:13 June 1588 2226: 2225: 2201:. No issue. 2176:23 July 1555 2158: 2157: 2115: 2095: 2055: 2030:illegitimate 2027: 2008: 1984: 1980: 1971: 1965: 1959: 1955:Civilization 1953: 1933: 1918: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1887: 1883: 1831: 1801: 1790: 1786: 1783:coat of arms 1759: 1748: 1716: 1661: 1632: 1613: 1596:Regent Moray 1593: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1562: 1543: 1483: 1460: 1444: 1439: 1437: 1429: 1407: 1396: 1376: 1356: 1349: 1326: 1308: 1300:took Haarlem 1265: 1258: 1232: 1221: 1214: 1158: 1154: 1148: 1146: 1129: 1104:Beeldenstorm 1102: 1088: 1076: 1068: 1058: 1029: 1010: 1008: 976: 966: 927: 891: 866: 835: 808: 765: 725: 693:, he became 670: 654: 650: 649: 581:Battles/wars 382:(1584-07-10) 380:10 July 1584 332:Succeeded by 303: 291:Succeeded by 270: 249:Succeeded by 216: 204:Succeeded by 181: 154:Succeeded by 131: 50: 43: 5005:1584 deaths 5000:1533 births 4965:interregnum 4957:interregnum 4590:Stadtholder 4559:Stadtholder 4532:Stadtholder 4493:Stadtholder 3948:28 December 3894:den swijger 2694:Steenbergen 2518:William III 2381:Married to 2130:William III 1943:William III 1487:French Fury 1311:Jean Taffin 1235:Watergeuzen 1169:mercenaries 1160:Watergeuzen 1125:monasteries 1113:Anabaptists 993:Inquisition 989:Protestants 930:stadtholder 744:Protestants 667:Netherlands 322:Preceded by 281:Preceded by 259:Stadtholder 237:Preceded by 192:Preceded by 166:Stadtholder 142:Preceded by 120:Stadtholder 95:Predecessor 4989:Categories 4598:1580–1584 4567:1572–1584 4544:1572–1584 4509:1559–1567 4471:1559–1584 4448:1551–1584 4409:1544–1584 4343:(in Dutch) 4331:(in Dutch) 4322:(in Dutch) 4142:References 4080:Inghist.nl 3995:0374505160 3902:Taciturnus 3483:in French. 3360:(in Dutch) 3358:NPO Kennis 3334:(in Dutch) 2706:Sankt Vith 2702:Bütgenbach 2698:Willemstad 2587:Vlissingen 2572:inter alia 2536:common law 2514:William II 2074:Jan Rubens 2066:Palatinate 1985:Specerijen 1939:William II 1878:See also: 1679:Stadholder 1620:New Church 1565:wheel-lock 1554:Luxembourg 1546:Burgundian 1539:Prinsenhof 1511:Prinsenhof 1255:Middelburg 1224:Jan Rubens 1117:Mennonites 1109:Calvinists 1099:iconoclasm 1040:Palatinate 726:A wealthy 363:Dillenburg 4594:Friesland 4184:(1911). 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William the Silent

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