199:
471:
secret pact with Hugh whereby he retained control not only of Peter's half of
Arborea, but also of all the fortresses in the realm. Innocent replied to William in November or December summoning both William and Comita to Rome to answer the various charges they had launched against one another. The Pisans refused to allow William, a citizen of theirs, to appear in a foreign court on civil charges against another Pisan citizen.
467:, to investigate the foundation of the accusations against Giusto. Giusto claimed that Arborea was a fief of the Holy See and that the canons of Oristano had no power to grant the judgeship to William, who had ousted Peter and imprisoned him. The pope put the whole investigation under the guidance and oversight of the clergy of the island.
536:, who rebuffed his assaults (1207). On 30 October, William and Hugh renewed their pact and the latter finally married Preciosa. Both Hugh and William appear as judges in Arborea, though each with his own clearly delineated zone. In June, Innocent had approved the marriage, but by October 1207, he had reproved
506:
that
William had accorded Malaspina the administration of Gallura and protection of Elena's rights. In that same letter, Innocent admonished William to restrain a relative of his Malaspina and to get him out of Gallura. He was asked to guard Elena from making a poor match and especially to guard her from
543:
In
September 1211, William asked the pope about the legitimacy of his second marriage, but it was not annulled. In 1213, despite that lack of a formal oath, Innocent considered William to hold his lands in fief from the Holy See. Innocent was in general a supporter and ally of William. He twice wrote
517:
to the pope out of
William, but the latter claimed that his prior oath to Ubaldo prevented it, even though the earlier oath was made "save the honour of the Holy See." Eventually, in May or June 1205, Innocent asked the archbishop of Pisa to absolve William of his oath, but the archbishop ignored the
505:
and brother of his wife
Adalasia, entered Gallura with the intent of abducting and marrying the minor Elena, William removed him, much to the praise of the pope, who claimed the right to choose her husband according to the late Barison's will. Nonetheless, a papal letter of 15 September 1203 mentions
388:
In 1195, Constantine attacked Santa Igia without success. In March, Constantine induced a peace with
William through Pisan mediation. A treaty was signed whereby Prunisinda was to be released and Constantine was reserved the right to pay for the return of Goceano or any castle of equal value. He then
470:
Around this time, Comita accused
William to Pope Innocent of aggression and other breaches of the peace. Arborea came under papal protection. Early in 1200, William requested Peter's half of Arborea, which he already controlled, from the pope. Innocent refused. Unbeknownst to the pope, he had made a
220:, meaning "King", from 1188 to his death. His descendants and those of his immediate competitors intermarried to form the backbone of the Italian Aristocracy, and ultimately their descendants in the Medici clan are precursors to, and definers of later royalty and claims thereto.
324:. In 1188, Peter was captured and imprisoned, never to be heard of again. By 1190, William was judge in his place. Because of the interval between Peter's known arrest and William's first appearance as judge, some scholars have alleged that William's father, Obert, ruled the
340:
and took the regnal name
Salusio IV, continuing a tradition of alternation between the two regnal names (Torchitorio and Salusio) and also demolishing the theory that he had had any other predecessor than Torchitorio III. On 7 July 1188, the emissaries (cardinals) of
400:
The
Archbishop Ubaldo arrived on the island soon after William's accord with Hugh. Ubaldo confirmed William in his possession of Goceano and had to excommunicate Constantine when he subsequently retook it. William and archbishop intervened forcibly to remove
320:. In 1187, open conflict raged over the whole island of Sardinia between the Genoese and their factions and the Pisans and theirs. The Pisans mercilessly assaulted Genoese merchants in Cagliari and despoiled their landed possessions, evicting them from the
328:
as judge in the intervening period, but this is unsupported by any documentary evidence and is based on arguments from silence. The period of silence may be explained by
William's accompaniment on the Third Crusade with
510:, Comita's brother. Both William and Comita were warned a second time to follow Biagio in the matter. Innocent desired a husband that would not be "suspect" to any of the judges.
464:
402:
234:", he consolidated his power through both military force and political intrigue. He was a soldier, a military man, and a merchant. He assisted his father in the conquest of
490:, which meant arranging a marriage for the young Elena. The prospect of interference from William of Cagliari, Comita of Logudoro, and Hugh and Peter of Arborea was great.
254:, only to later hand Pisa back to them while marrying into the Visconti family. Being closely related to many high ranking clerics, he maintained close relations with the
676:, p. 84. The archbishop of Arborea had his seat at Oristano and it was the canons of that cathedral who first levelled accusations against him leading to his removal.
330:
289:
393:, William's protégé. The war between the two rulers actually continued until Constantine's death in battle in December 1198. William meanwhile forced Constantine's ally,
285:
182:
447:
to the island. It was about this time that Genoese ships landed near Cagliari, William was defeated, and S. Gilla razed. The war turned out to be a mere raid.
160:
507:
502:
156:
498:
561:
556:
William was a citizen of Pisa and alternatingly passed his time there and at Cagliari. Around 1207, he married his second wife Guisiana, daughter of a
618:
Late 1213 or early 1214, William died. By May 1214, his daughter Benedetta was in power with her husband, Barison, who took the name Torchitorio IV.
600:
779:
775:
397:, Peter's co-judge, to accept terms and agree to marry Preciosa, his daughter and a relative through of Peter's through her mother.
312:
on her behalf (as Torchitorio III) following the death of Constantine. While Constantine, like the Massa, had been a vassal of the
582:
In 1212, there was complete anarchy in Pisa. Various factions were at war. In mid-January 1213, William led the forces of Massa,
929:
345:
declared a general peace to be observed on the island. They affirmed Pisan supremacy over Genoese estates and over the
537:
609:. He assumed control of Massa, which thitherto been in the hands of relatives, and forced Pisa to accept four
586:, the anti-Visconti faction in Pisa, and his father-in-law's militia to victory near Massa over the forces of
521:
In July 1204, Innocent thanked William for releasing Barison of Arborea from prison in order for him to marry
483:
50:
640:
Agnes, married the aforementioned Marianus of Logudoro (to seal a treaty returning Goceano to Logudoro)
281:
443:
to William's daughter Agnes. Comita was forced by Ubaldo to make an oath recognising him as permanent
258:
until his death. Allegedly, he was a man of some culture, as he was in reportedly in contact with the
567:
He was in Pisa on 9 November 1210 when his mother founded a hospital beside his own house, near the
353:
signed a treaty with Genoa. The treaty explicitly called for the maintenance of peace with William.
350:
424:
and imprisoned them in order to control Arborea more directly. He entrusted the government of the
901:
421:
856:
Oliva, A. M. "Guglielmo di Massa. «Al pro marques de Sardenha, qu'ab joi viu et ab sen renha»."
475:
456:
412:
In 1198, William attacked Arborea again and forced Peter to flee to Hugh. William advanced on
919:
721:
634:
522:
440:
416:, Arborea's chief port city, and demanded the cession of several frontier castles, including
366:
214:
152:
63:
924:
436:
362:
301:
265:
603:. It was the greatest military accomplishment of William's career and is recounted in the
8:
884:
717:
838:
830:
813:
576:
545:
390:
102:
88:
223:
William was an infamous politician and warlord in medieval Sardinia. A member in the
891:
842:
611:
591:
568:
533:
394:
382:
317:
305:
239:
147:
106:
92:
32:
778:
was part of the regnal name. It always accompanied "Salusio," while the name of the
858:
Gli Obertenghi di Massa e della Lunigiana ed i Regno della Sardegna, secoli 12.–14.
849:
Solmi, A. "Un nuovo documento per la storia di Guglielmo di Cagliari e l'Arborea."
822:
627:
494:
444:
439:. Comita quickly came to terms with William and Ubaldo, promising to marry his son
342:
313:
247:
70:
300:
from the 11th century. Constantine II's eldest daughter married a younger son of
605:
374:
297:
913:
435:
Constantine died not too long after his excommunication and was succeeded by
243:
630:
family. William's second wife was Guisiana. He left three daughters by her:
811:
Moore, John C. (1987). "Pope Innocent III, Sardinia, and the Papal State".
664:: "to the margrave of Sardinia, who lives with joy and reigns with wisdom."
381:
of malnourishment and mistreatment. William received a strong reproof from
716:
to papal protection, probably because of Innocent's success in protecting
528:
In 1206, William turned his sights on obtaining Gallura by force, but the
198:
269:
224:
805:
Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: XXVII Guglielmo Gonzaga – Jacobini
834:
378:
337:
293:
262:
172:
596:
409:. In 1196, Ubaldo extracted an oath of fealty to Pisa out of William.
272:, likely to contract their services on behalf of his wealthy patrons.
251:
231:
826:
798:
Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: XXVII Collenuccio – Confortini
333:, a pilgrimage which is referenced in a papal letter of early 1200.
417:
413:
389:
requested Pisan intervention to obtain a peace between himself and
259:
235:
227:
643:
Preciosa (or Preziosa), married the aforementioned Hugh of Arborea
583:
557:
487:
370:
167:
870:
Baudi di Vesme, Benedetto. "Guglielmo di Cagliari e l'Arborea."
493:
William took the late judge's widow, Elena, and daughter, also
460:
587:
482:
under the protection of Pope Innocent, who wrote a letter to
420:, which he obtained. William then captured Peter and his son
406:
255:
662:
al pro marques de Sardenha, qu'ab joi viu et ab sen renha
377:
wife, and her entourage. She died the subsequent year at
626:
William's first wife was Adelasia (or Adalasia), of the
405:, from his see (because he was Genoese) and send him to
712:, p. 91. According to Innocent, Barisone left his
544:
favourable about William's economic policies to the
486:, charging him with assuring a smooth succession in
361:In 1194, William was at war with Constantine over
246:. He claims to have led the force defeating the
911:
571:. However, even in Pisa he signed a document as
428:to the bishops, the canons of Oristano, and the
373:. There he imprisoned Prunisinda, Constantine's
637:, married the aforementioned Barison of Arborea
450:
292:. His paternal relatives were a branch of the
860:pp 85–108. M. G. Armanini et al.: Pisa, 1999.
518:request. Innocent pleaded again in May 1206.
275:
455:On 11 August 1198, Pope Innocent asked the
579:, a Sardinian dependency, on 10 May 1211.
316:, Peter transferred his allegiance to the
238:, and later accompanied his Archbishop (
197:
280:He was the son of Giorgia, daughter of
912:
161:Preziosa of Cagliari, Queen of Arborea
810:
745:
733:
709:
697:
685:
673:
551:
497:, into his protective custody. When
369:and occupied the frontier castle of
356:
465:Bandino, Archbishop-Elect of Torres
157:Agnese of Cagliari, Queen of Torres
13:
782:accompanied that of "Torchitorio."
14:
941:
336:William established his court at
865:Re in Sardegna, a Pisa cittadini
590:supported by the Visconti under
513:Biagio tried to coax an oath of
874:. I. (1905), pp 12–51, 173–209.
615:, one of which was a Visconti.
385:for "dishonouring" Prunisinda.
768:
751:
739:
727:
703:
691:
679:
667:
654:
538:Riccus, Archbishop of Cagliari
349:. Nevertheless, in June 1191,
1:
403:Giusto, Archbishop of Arborea
242:, Archbishop of Pisa) on the
930:Judges (judikes) of Cagliari
575:when granting immunities to
484:Biagio, Archbishop of Torres
451:Relations with Pope Innocent
153:Benedetta, Queen of Cagliari
7:
594:, and by the deposed Pisan
209:(c. 1160–1214), royal name
10:
946:
789:
525:, William's own daughter.
478:died in 1203, he left his
351:Constantine II of Logudoro
331:Ubaldo, Archbishop of Pisa
290:William, Margrave of Massa
282:Constantine II of Cagliari
202:The Jydicates of Sardinia.
898:
889:
881:
853:. VI. (1908), pp 193–212.
621:
560:count at odds with Pisa,
276:Rise to power in Cagliari
188:
178:
166:
146:
136:
124:
116:
112:
98:
84:
76:
69:
59:
46:
38:
31:
23:
647:
286:Obert, Margrave of Massa
183:Oberto, Marquis of Massa
872:Archivio storico sardo
851:Archivio storico sardi
803:Caravale, Mario (ed).
796:Caravale, Mario (ed).
457:Archbishop of Cagliari
302:Gonario II of Logudoro
288:. He was a brother of
203:
33:Judge/King of Cagliari
722:Frederick I of Sicily
476:Barison II of Gallura
367:Giudicato of Logudoro
201:
71:Judge/King of Arborea
540:, for approving it.
266:Peire de la Caravana
573:Salusio IV de Lacon
508:Ittocorre de Gunale
192:Giorgia of Cagliari
142:Guisiana of Capraia
759:Gisiana de Capraia
546:Bishop of Florence
391:Peter I of Arborea
204:
140:Adelaide Malaspina
908:
907:
899:Succeeded by
892:Judge of Cagliari
776:Lacon family name
552:The Pisan citizen
534:Lamberto Visconti
499:William Malaspina
395:Hugh I of Arborea
383:Pope Innocent III
365:. He invaded the
357:War with Logudoro
318:Republic of Genoa
240:Ubaldo Lanfranchi
196:
195:
132:(aged 53–54)
937:
882:Preceded by
879:
878:
867:. Bologna, 1988.
846:
783:
772:
766:
755:
749:
743:
737:
731:
725:
707:
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
671:
665:
658:
562:Guido Guerra III
463:, and the Pisan
445:apostolic legate
432:(major laymen).
343:Pope Clement III
314:Republic of Pisa
131:
21:
20:
16:Sardinian leader
945:
944:
940:
939:
938:
936:
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934:
910:
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904:
895:
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885:Torchitorio III
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827:10.2307/2852567
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278:
159:
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129:
53:Torchitorio III
17:
12:
11:
5:
943:
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932:
927:
922:
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905:
902:Torchitorio IV
900:
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623:
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606:Ritmo lucchese
601:Goffredo Musto
553:
550:
532:Elena married
452:
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15:
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2:
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863:Petrucci, S.
862:
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848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
821:(1): 81–101.
820:
816:
815:
809:
807:. Rome, 2000.
806:
802:
800:. Rome, 1982.
799:
795:
794:
781:
780:Gunale family
777:
771:
764:
760:
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742:
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298:Massa Lunense
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244:Third Crusade
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65:
62:
58:
55:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
34:
30:
27:
22:
19:
920:1160s births
890:
871:
864:
857:
850:
818:
812:
804:
797:
770:
762:
758:
753:
748:, p. 91
746:Moore (1987)
741:
736:, p. 90
734:Moore (1987)
729:
713:
710:Moore (1987)
705:
700:, p. 95
698:Moore (1987)
693:
688:, p. 88
686:Moore (1987)
681:
674:Moore (1987)
669:
661:
660:Vidal wrote
656:
625:
617:
610:
604:
595:
581:
572:
566:
555:
542:
529:
527:
520:
514:
512:
492:
479:
473:
469:
459:, Bishop of
454:
434:
429:
425:
411:
399:
387:
360:
346:
335:
325:
321:
309:
308:, ruled the
304:. This man,
279:
222:
215:
210:
206:
205:
130:(1214-00-00)
52:
25:
18:
925:1214 deaths
763:Borgundione
441:Marianus II
270:Peire Vidal
263:troubadours
218:of Cagliari
85:Predecessor
47:Predecessor
914:Categories
896:1193–1214
530:giudicessa
437:Comita III
379:Santa Igia
338:Santa Igia
296:who ruled
294:Obertenghi
213:, was the
211:Salusio IV
173:Obertenghi
26:Salusio IV
24:William I
843:162788264
718:Constance
714:giudicato
635:Benedetta
628:Malaspina
569:cathedral
523:Benedetta
515:fidelitas
501:, son of
480:giudicato
426:giudicato
326:giudicato
322:giudicato
310:giudicato
260:Provençal
252:civil war
228:Sardinian
207:William I
99:Successor
80:1195-1206
64:Benedetta
60:Successor
42:1188-1214
814:Speculum
592:Ubaldo I
577:San Vito
503:Moroello
418:Marmilla
414:Oristano
248:Visconti
236:Cagliari
225:medieval
835:2852567
790:Sources
612:rectors
597:podestĂ
584:Pistoia
488:Gallura
430:majores
422:Barison
375:Catalan
371:Goceano
363:Arborea
347:giudici
103:Peter I
89:Peter I
841:
833:
622:Family
558:Tuscan
461:Sorres
284:, and
256:papacy
232:Judges
216:judike
189:Mother
179:Father
137:Spouse
107:Hugh I
93:Hugh I
51:Peter
839:S2CID
831:JSTOR
757:Also
648:Notes
588:Lucca
495:Elena
474:When
306:Peter
250:in a
168:House
148:Issue
77:Reign
39:Reign
774:The
720:and
407:Rome
268:and
128:1214
125:Died
120:1160
117:Born
105:and
91:and
823:doi
761:or
916::
837:.
829:.
819:62
817:.
564:.
548:.
845:.
825::
765:.
724:.
230:"
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