582:, which became popular in the late 1800s. Oleomargarine, which is made by emulsifying lard with milk and water, was often dyed yellow to give it the appearance of butter and was sold as such. The cost of producing oleomargarine was much lower than that of producing butter, and dairy farmers viewed it as a threat to their livelihoods. In 1894, Hoard founded the National Dairy Union and campaigned for an additional tax to be placed on the sale of dyed oleomargarine, which he viewed as a fraudulent product. Hoard often testified before Congress about the fraudulent nature of oleomargarine between 1898 and 1902, and helped secure the passage of the Oleomargarine Act of 1902, which added an additional 10-cent tax on the sale of colored oleomargarine and briefly caused a decline in its production.
483:
746:
263:
1817:
461:; he included an editorial page in the paper, another rarity for small newspapers of the time. He used editorial columns to write about a variety of topics, most prominently the promotion of scientific agricultural practices. Readers received these editorials with skepticism due to Hoard's lack of experience in Wisconsin agriculture, and referred to him as a theorist and a "book farmer". Hoard continued to write agriculture columns and after encouragement from his son Arthur and Ed E. Coe, publisher of the
33:
712:
requiring students be taught in their district of residence; Scandinavian communities had fewer parochial schools than their German counterparts and were convinced by opponents of the law that it would prevent their children attending their parochial schools. The
Bennett Law became the primary issue of the contest, though economic pressures attributed to the
571:. At the University, the group campaigned for the establishment of the first dairy school in the U.S., which taught students to make butter and cheese. The group also campaigned for the showing of Wisconsin dairy products in Philadelphia and Chicago, increasing the reputation of Wisconsin dairy products. Hoard also helped found the
711:
synods similarly denounced it. German-language publications throughout the state advocated for the law's repeal, and called for
Catholics and Lutherans to campaign for the law's repeal after the election of 1890. Scandinavian immigrants in the state supported the repeal of the law based on its clause
852:
When questioned by
Congress about why butter should be allowed to be dyed yellow during certain seasons while oleomargarine should not be allowed to be dyed at all, Hoard compared it to dying fabrics to suit taste, rather than disguising their true nature, saying, "Butter is colored yellow to suit
649:
As
Governor, Hoard established the Dairy and Food Commission to oversee dairy production in the state and enforce bans on skimmed cheese, a type of cheese that quickly spoils due to its reduced butterfat content, as well as other adulterated dairy products. The Commission was the first government
350:
that was built by his grandfather Enos, who also maintained a library. The library and encouragement from Hoard's mother led to a passion for reading. At age 16, Hoard left school to work as a farmhand for
Waterman Simons, a neighboring dairy farmer from whom Hoard learned how to make cheese and
437:
in Lake Mills. Against trends of the time, Hoard expanded his paper's coverage to include surrounding areas. According to biographer George
William Rankin, Hoard's use of local correspondents to expand his newspaper's reach was among the first by a county newspaper in the United States. Early
842:
The problem of fraudulent butter had reached the White House by 1886, with president Grover
Cleveland remarking at the passage of the Oleomargarine Act of 1886, "I venture to say that hardly a pound (of oleomargarine) ever entered a poor man's house under its real name and in its true
362:, where he studied to become a Methodist minister until conflict with church leadership led him to abandon that path. For the next three years, Hoard found employment chopping wood and giving singing lessons. In 1860, he married Agnes Elizabeth Bragg and moved in with her parents in
668:, which was passed in April 1889 and mandated children in the state aged 7 to 14 to attend school in their district of residence for at least 12 weeks per year and receive instruction in English. The latter provision was added by Hoard, who advocated for the
308:, Hoard was one of the first county news editors to expand his coverage through the use of local correspondents and to include a strongly voiced editorial page in a small newspaper, which he used to advocate for improved farming practices and dairy farming.
502:
was initially financially supported by its parent newspaper but by 1889, it had become a separate magazine that focused primarily on dairy farming. As was commonplace with dairy trade publications at the time, Hoard mixed reporting and advertising in
562:
Through the
Wisconsin Dairymen's Association, Hoard and other founders successfully lobbied for the passage of agriculture-related laws and regulations, including legislation to ban filled cheese, and the establishment of farmers institutes and the
736:
noted the law's purpose of increasing
English literacy in immigrant communities was still achieved. Ironically, parochial schools sought to prove the legislation was not needed by introducing more English-language instruction in their classrooms.
538:
Hoard founded the
Jefferson County Dairymen's Association in 1871. Realizing the county-level group was too small to effectively advocate for dairying on a large scale, the following year, he founded the Wisconsin Dairymen's Association with
300:
led to those practices becoming commonplace throughout the United States. His work with the Wisconsin Dairymen's Association led to the exporting of Wisconsin dairy products to the East Coast and those products earning national renown.
285:
Called the "father of modern dairying", Hoard's advocacy for scientific agriculture and the expansion of dairy farming has been credited with changing Wisconsin's agricultural economy. His promotion of the use of silos and
771:
and alfalfa as cattle feed led to those practices becoming commonplace throughout the United States. In 1915, he was named Wisconsin's "Most Distinguished Citizen" in 1915 by a committee assembled by Wisconsin governor
679:
By 1890, approximately 70% of the Wisconsin population was an immigrant or had at least one immigrant parent; many of that group had German ancestry. German Lutherans and German Catholics in Wisconsin, who combined
603:
taker in Lake Mills and the surrounding area. While taking the census, Hoard met a family of German immigrants who could not speak English and had been tricked out of a large sum of money by English-speaking
564:
624:
By 1888, Hoard had become a popular speaker, lecturing on agricultural topics throughout the state. He was nominated as the Republican candidate for governor in an anonymous article in the
814:
Hoard married Agnes Elizabeth Bragg in 1860. The couple had three children; Halbert Louis, Arthur Ralph, and Frank Ward. Hoard died on November 22, 1918, and was buried in Fort Atkinson.
853:
the taste of the consumer and for no other reason, and the product oleomargarine has no more right to this color than the gray goose has to the brilliant plumage of the peacock."
2116:
761:
Hoard is often credited with changing the agricultural economy of Wisconsin from the growth of wheat to the raising of dairy cattle and production of dairy products. The
2121:
862:
Wisconsin's population in 1890 was approximately 1.68 million people; of those, about 620,000 were born in Germany or had at least one parent born in Germany.
696:. Hoard, on the other hand, felt church communities focused more on growing their congregations through these schools than on fostering American citizenship.
716:
also played a significant role. Hoard defended the law but previously Republican-supporting German voters turned against the party in 1890. Democrats won a
2146:
530:
had readers in Japan, Australia, and England. It is considered the first agriculture publication to have a nationwide readership in the United States.
278:(October 10, 1836 – November 22, 1918) was an American politician, newspaper publisher, and agriculture advocate who served as the 16th
2181:
646:
agencies in the United States and the passage of a controversial compulsory education law that mandated schools to educate their pupils in English.
2101:
1755:
547:, Stephen and A.D. Favill, H.C. Drake, and H.F. Dousman to improve and promote Wisconsin's dairy products. The following year, Hoard traveled to
2141:
555:
for the transport of cheese from Wisconsin to the U.S. East Coast. His efforts were a success; the Star Union Line took a refrigerated car to
401:. He returned to his parents' farm in New York; after fully recovering, he re-enlisted in the Union Army and was assigned to Battery A of the
2111:
767:
called Hoard "the father of modern dairying". His advocacy for agricultural practices such as single-use herds for dairying, and the use of
2166:
2106:
514:, Hoard advocated for agricultural practices that became commonplace in Wisconsin and beyond, including regular testing of herds for
1866:
173:
1094:
Pioneer agricultural journalists: Brief biographical sketches of some of the early editors in the field of agricultural journalism
642:
candidate James Morgan. Hoard served a single, two-year term as governor. His administration saw the creation of one of the first
335:, to William Bradford Hoard and Sarah Katherine White Hoard. He was the eldest of four children. His father was a blacksmith and
402:
262:
1686:
1682:
1630:
1521:
1013:
635:
1748:
803:
685:
699:
In March 1890, the three Catholic bishops of Wisconsin published a manifesto opposing the law and three months later, the
572:
160:
2136:
2131:
708:
359:
1360:
1343:
732:
for the governorship. The Bennett Law was repealed in February 1891, the first act of the new legislature. Historian
1673:
1092:
1052:
750:
639:
196:
1741:
568:
382:
355:
of New York soil by the growing of wheat and other crops that led to the adoption of dairy farming in the state.
608:. The experience influenced Hoard's opinions on education when he became governor. In 1872, Hoard was named the
2151:
1764:
2171:
1906:
1335:
948:
725:
669:
2126:
957:
792:
1816:
1258:
1579:
1548:
1295:
943:
626:
482:
1222:
2068:
630:
that year and received strong support from farmers throughout the state. He was elected as the 16th
1805:
1005:
451:
139:
783:
and helped transport a dairy herd to the campus in Madison and to arrange the construction of the
1891:
823:
526:
to test the butterfat content of milk, and the adoption of silos to store cattle feed. By 1924,
2176:
2013:
1998:
1795:
745:
390:
1936:
1896:
1715:
1677:
1458:
1048:
733:
721:
673:
631:
507:, juxtaposing advertisements with articles promoting the advertised technique or technology.
409:, and attempted to grow hops. The price of the crop collapsed and Hoard gave up hop farming.
363:
279:
54:
2161:
2156:
2023:
2008:
1976:
1966:
1911:
1856:
1708:
1666:
1296:"Wisconsin's shrine to dairy cows: Top milk producing state is tribute to one man's effort"
605:
600:
556:
522:
as cattle feed, the use of particular breeds of cattle for milking or meat, the use of the
332:
311:
As governor of Wisconsin, Hoard established the Dairy and Food Commission—one of the first
121:
77:
8:
2038:
1992:
1946:
1772:
1218:
681:
515:
467:
454:, in 1873 and by 1883, he had constructed a new building that included a printing press.
406:
296:
291:
250:
578:
Hoard opposed the sale of adulterated dairy products, and advocated against the sale of
1981:
1971:
1951:
1921:
1901:
1851:
1846:
1725:
1507:
1482:
1424:
1327:
1144:
910:
773:
729:
398:
370:
336:
89:
1362:
The rise of the dairy industry in Wisconsin: a study in agricultural change, 1820–1920
795:
in front of the College of Agriculture at the University of Wisconsin campus in 1922.
2028:
1961:
1941:
1693:
1626:
1517:
1474:
1416:
1339:
1300:
1291:
1136:
1009:
939:
763:
386:
1926:
1886:
1790:
1408:
1060:
780:
689:
613:
609:
552:
544:
446:, for which Hoard had written prior to founding his own newspaper. Hoard moved the
394:
1397:"The Bennett Law of 1890: Focus of Conflict Between Church and State in Education"
595:
Hoard was educated in politics as a child; in 1870, he was appointed as a deputy
2003:
1931:
1871:
1620:
1609:
1511:
1193:
999:
904:
713:
700:
374:
347:
320:
1622:
Urbanization & Industrialization 1873–1893: History of Wisconsin, Volume III
871:
Hoard's vote total declined by more than 40,000 votes from the election of 1888.
2058:
2053:
2043:
2018:
1986:
1956:
1881:
1876:
1861:
1064:
788:
784:
754:
704:
352:
1646:
2095:
2033:
1478:
1420:
1140:
717:
693:
579:
540:
343:
319:
that required all students in the state be taught in English as part of the
1841:
1650:
596:
523:
1412:
405:, serving until the end of the war in 1865. After the war, Hoard moved to
1800:
1785:
1733:
1125:"(Not) Like Butter: W. D. Hoard and the Crusade Against the "Oleo Fraud""
688:, felt the law attacked the independence of their church communities and
665:
659:
643:
316:
312:
1428:
1396:
1148:
1124:
2073:
1486:
1462:
378:
315:
agencies in the United States—and passed a controversial, short-lived
2063:
2048:
1828:
1331:
339:
944:"From the plow to the cow: William D. Hoard and America's Dairyland"
32:
757:
in front of the University of Wisconsin–Madison's Agriculture Hall
913:: Wisconsin Legislature Reference Library. 1960. pp. 132–134
548:
519:
287:
768:
692:, many of which primarily taught their courses in German, from
422:
1611:
William Dempster Hoard as an Agricultural Educator, 1870–1892
1260:
A History of Dairy Journalism in the United States, 1810–1950
472:
1506:
1046:
806:
and is considered the most famous dairy farm in the world.
779:
In 1907, Hoard was added to the University of Wisconsin's
351:
butter. While working as a farmhand, Hoard witnessed the
1457:
1198:. Fort Atkinson, Wis.: W. D. Hoard & Sons Company.
684:
with a strong ethnic pride and affection for speaking
551:
to barter with rail lines to secure better prices and
2117:
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
433:
In 1870, Hoard founded a weekly newspaper named the
1580:"Wisconsin's Decisive Shift Towards The Dairy Cow"
1549:"Wisconsin ethnic groups and the Election of 1890"
1290:
1256:
938:
533:
331:William D. Hoard was born on October 10, 1836, in
1257:Schlebecker, John T.; Hopkins, Andrew W. (1957).
1217:
2093:
1625:. Madison, Wis.: Wisconsin Historical Society.
1614:. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press.
1263:. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press
294:, and single-use cattle herds in his magazine
2122:People of Wisconsin in the American Civil War
1749:
1365:. Madison, Wis.: Wisconsin Historical Society
650:agency in the U.S. to regulate food quality.
619:
1571:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1324:Cheese: The Making of a Wisconsin Tradition
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
664:The first legislation Hoard signed was the
326:
2147:Anti-German sentiment in the United States
1763:
1756:
1742:
1559:(4). Wisconsin Historical Society: 269–293
1233:(4). Wisconsin Historical Society: 363–390
1187:
1185:
1086:
1084:
1082:
934:
932:
930:
928:
672:of immigrants in the state and viewed the
417:
67:January 7, 1889 – January 5, 1891
31:
2084:(*) elected but died before taking office
1542:
1540:
1500:
1473:(1). Wisconsin Historical Society: 3–25.
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
724:and eight of nine available seats in the
2182:19th-century American newspaper founders
1607:
1442:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1352:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
885:
744:
481:
174:University of Wisconsin Board of Regents
2102:Republican Party governors of Wisconsin
1358:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1223:"The Bennett Law campaign in Wisconsin"
1090:
1079:
925:
2094:
1618:
1537:
1191:
1162:
865:
856:
846:
836:
559:to transport cheese out of the state.
403:1st New York Light Artillery Battalion
2142:Anti-Catholicism in the United States
1737:
1577:
1546:
1377:
1315:
1245:
1202:
1122:
1109:
1029:
997:
972:
787:. Hoard was honored with a statue by
676:as an important step in the process.
636:1888 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
442:were printed under contract with the
2112:People from Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin
1394:
1321:
1275:
804:National Register of Historic Places
686:German language in the United States
1053:"William Dempster Hoard: 1836–1918"
903:"William Dempster Hoard, 1889–91".
585:
575:and the Farmers National Congress.
457:Hoard also worked as editor of the
13:
1815:
1601:
393:. Hoard became ill while pursuing
14:
2193:
2167:19th-century American politicians
2107:People from Stockbridge, New York
1640:
1008:: W.D. Hoard & Sons Company.
1608:McIntyre, Calvin Martin (1966).
1513:Life Story of Rasmus B. Anderson
1091:Ogilvie, William Edward (1927).
809:
751:William Dempster Hoard Sculpture
573:Northwest Dairymen's Association
261:
178:Wisconsin Dairymen's Association
1510:; Barton, Albert Olaus (1917).
1192:Rankin, George William (1925).
590:
534:Trade associations and lobbying
389:player and participated in the
383:4th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment
304:As editor of his newspaper the
218:
161:University of Wisconsin–Madison
16:American politician (1836–1918)
1578:Grace, Julie (July 24, 2018).
1516:. R.B. Anderson. p. 675.
1463:"The Bennett Law in Wisconsin"
1097:. A.G. Leonard. pp. 45–54
1001:W.D. Hoard: A Man for His Time
653:
346:. Hoard was educated in a log
1:
1553:Wisconsin Magazine of History
1467:Wisconsin Magazine of History
1336:University of Wisconsin Press
1227:Wisconsin Magazine of History
1129:Wisconsin Magazine of History
949:Wisconsin Magazine of History
878:
726:U.S. House of Representatives
342:minister who preached to the
290:for cattle feed, testing for
159:William D. Hoard Monument at
38:
958:Wisconsin Historical Society
7:
1401:Journal of Church and State
817:
599:, and was assigned to be a
10:
2198:
1619:Nesbit, Robert C. (1985).
657:
620:16th Governor of Wisconsin
369:After the outbreak of the
2137:American agriculturalists
2132:American magazine editors
2082:
1827:
1813:
1771:
1722:
1713:
1705:
1700:
1690:
1671:
1663:
1658:
1359:Lampard, Eric E. (1963).
740:
412:
381:. He was assigned to the
269:
257:
244:
236:
228:
202:
192:
188:
166:
155:
151:Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin
147:
128:
104:
99:
95:
83:
71:
60:
52:
48:
30:
23:
1659:Party political offices
1547:Wyman, Roger E. (1968).
1395:Hunt, Thomas C. (1981).
1322:Apps, Jerold W. (2020).
998:Osman, Loren H. (1985).
829:
728:. Hoard was defeated by
518:, the growth and use of
452:Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin
358:In 1857, Hoard moved to
327:Early life and education
323:process for immigrants.
317:compulsory education law
140:Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin
1820:Privy Seal of Wisconsin
906:The Wisconsin Blue Book
824:Hoard Historical Museum
569:University of Wisconsin
418:Publishing and advocacy
1821:
1765:Governors of Wisconsin
1508:Anderson, Rasmus Björn
1459:Kellogg, Louise Phelps
1195:William Dempster Hoard
1049:Winship, Albert Edward
1047:Ivins, Lester Sylvan;
802:Farm is listed on the
791:, which was placed on
758:
565:College of Agriculture
495:
488:Jefferson County Union
435:Jefferson County Union
424:Jefferson County Union
391:Capture of New Orleans
373:, Hoard—an admirer of
306:Jefferson County Union
276:William Dempster Hoard
248:Agriculture advocacy,
109:William Dempster Hoard
2152:English-only movement
1819:
1716:Governor of Wisconsin
1678:Governor of Wisconsin
1294:(December 15, 1985).
748:
734:Louise Phelps Kellogg
722:Wisconsin Legislature
674:English only movement
632:Governor of Wisconsin
606:confidence tricksters
553:refrigerated railcars
485:
364:Lake Mills, Wisconsin
280:governor of Wisconsin
240:Publisher, politician
208:Agnes Elizabeth Bragg
55:Governor of Wisconsin
2172:Burials in Wisconsin
1709:Jeremiah McLain Rusk
1667:Jeremiah McLain Rusk
1123:Suval, John (2012).
1057:Fifty Famous Farmers
694:control by the State
444:Watertown Republican
395:Confederate soldiers
360:Oak Grove, Wisconsin
333:Munnsville, New York
181:National Dairy Union
167:Board member of
122:Munnsville, New York
78:Jeremiah McLain Rusk
2127:Union Army soldiers
1413:10.1093/jcs/23.1.69
1326:(Second ed.).
1006:Fort Atkinson, Wis.
682:American patriotism
516:bovine tuberculosis
486:The offices of the
463:Whitewater Register
407:Columbus, Wisconsin
292:bovine tuberculosis
282:from 1889 to 1891.
1937:R. La Follette Sr.
1822:
1701:Political offices
1292:Hillinger, Charles
1067:. pp. 105–113
940:Risjord, Norman K.
785:Livestock Pavilion
774:Emanuel L. Philipp
759:
730:George Wilbur Peck
627:Milwaukee Sentinel
496:
475:supplement to the
371:American Civil War
90:George Wilbur Peck
2089:
2088:
1732:
1731:
1723:Succeeded by
1694:John Coit Spooner
1691:Succeeded by
1632:978-0-87020-630-6
1523:978-0-7222-0361-3
1301:Los Angeles Times
1219:Whyte, William F.
1015:978-0-932147-00-4
764:Los Angeles Times
690:parochial schools
377:—enlisted in the
273:
272:
132:November 22, 1918
2189:
1834:
1833:
1778:
1777:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1706:Preceded by
1664:Preceded by
1656:
1655:
1647:William D. Hoard
1636:
1615:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1455:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1392:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1288:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1254:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1215:
1200:
1199:
1189:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1120:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1088:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1044:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1022:
995:
970:
969:
967:
965:
936:
923:
922:
920:
918:
900:
872:
869:
863:
860:
854:
850:
844:
840:
800:Hoard's Dairyman
781:Board of Regents
614:Wisconsin Senate
610:sergeant-at-arms
586:Political career
545:Walter S. Greene
528:Hoard's Dairyman
505:Hoard's Dairyman
492:Hoard's Dairyman
468:Hoard's Dairyman
465:, Hoard founded
438:editions of the
428:Hoard's Dairyman
297:Hoard's Dairyman
265:
251:Hoard's Dairyman
222:
220:
143:
135:
119:October 10, 1836
118:
116:
100:Personal details
86:
74:
65:
43:
40:
35:
25:William D. Hoard
21:
20:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2078:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1811:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1762:
1728:
1719:
1711:
1696:
1681:
1669:
1643:
1633:
1604:
1602:Further reading
1599:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1576:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1545:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1489:
1456:
1443:
1433:
1431:
1393:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1289:
1276:
1266:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1216:
1203:
1190:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1121:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1089:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1045:
1030:
1020:
1018:
1016:
996:
973:
963:
961:
937:
926:
916:
914:
902:
901:
886:
881:
876:
875:
870:
866:
861:
857:
851:
847:
841:
837:
832:
820:
812:
743:
714:McKinley Tariff
670:Americanization
662:
656:
644:food inspection
622:
593:
588:
536:
431:
420:
415:
375:Abraham Lincoln
329:
321:Americanization
313:food inspection
224:
221: 1860)
216:
212:
209:
193:Political party
184:
138:
137:
133:
120:
114:
112:
111:
110:
84:
72:
66:
61:
44:
41:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2195:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1989:
1984:
1982:P. La Follette
1979:
1974:
1972:P. La Follette
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1825:
1824:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1721:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1642:
1641:External links
1639:
1638:
1637:
1631:
1616:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1570:
1536:
1522:
1499:
1441:
1376:
1351:
1344:
1314:
1274:
1244:
1201:
1161:
1108:
1078:
1028:
1014:
971:
924:
883:
882:
880:
877:
874:
873:
864:
855:
845:
834:
833:
831:
828:
827:
826:
819:
816:
811:
808:
789:Gutzon Borglum
755:Gutzon Borglum
742:
739:
658:Main article:
655:
652:
621:
618:
592:
589:
587:
584:
535:
532:
430:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
328:
325:
271:
270:
267:
266:
259:
255:
254:
246:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
214:
210:
207:
206:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
186:
185:
183:
182:
179:
176:
170:
168:
164:
163:
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
136:(aged 82)
130:
126:
125:
108:
106:
102:
101:
97:
96:
93:
92:
87:
81:
80:
75:
69:
68:
58:
57:
50:
49:
46:
45:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2194:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2177:Dairy farmers
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2081:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1826:
1818:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1747:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1710:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1634:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1541:
1525:
1519:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1364:
1363:
1355:
1347:
1345:9780299329242
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1262:
1261:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:(June 1927).
1220:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1096:
1095:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
959:
955:
951:
950:
945:
941:
935:
933:
931:
929:
912:
911:Madison, Wis.
908:
907:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
884:
868:
859:
849:
839:
835:
825:
822:
821:
815:
810:Personal life
807:
805:
801:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
777:
775:
770:
766:
765:
756:
752:
747:
738:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
718:supermajority
715:
710:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
687:
683:
677:
675:
671:
667:
661:
651:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
628:
617:
615:
611:
607:
602:
598:
583:
581:
580:oleomargarine
576:
574:
570:
566:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:Chester Hazen
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
508:
506:
501:
493:
489:
484:
480:
478:
474:
471:in 1885 as a
470:
469:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
429:
425:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
356:
354:
349:
345:
344:Oneida people
341:
338:
334:
324:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
302:
299:
298:
293:
289:
283:
281:
277:
268:
264:
260:
256:
253:
252:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
205:
201:
198:
195:
191:
187:
180:
177:
175:
172:
171:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
150:
148:Resting place
146:
141:
131:
127:
123:
107:
103:
98:
94:
91:
88:
82:
79:
76:
70:
64:
59:
56:
51:
47:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1916:
1832:(since 1848)
1714:
1676:nominee for
1672:
1651:Find a Grave
1621:
1610:
1587:. Retrieved
1583:
1573:
1561:. Retrieved
1556:
1552:
1527:. Retrieved
1512:
1502:
1490:. Retrieved
1470:
1466:
1432:. Retrieved
1407:(1): 69–93.
1404:
1400:
1367:. Retrieved
1361:
1354:
1323:
1317:
1305:. Retrieved
1299:
1265:. Retrieved
1259:
1235:. Retrieved
1230:
1226:
1194:
1152:. Retrieved
1135:(1): 16–27.
1132:
1128:
1099:. Retrieved
1093:
1069:. Retrieved
1056:
1019:. Retrieved
1000:
962:. Retrieved
953:
947:
915:. Retrieved
905:
867:
858:
848:
838:
813:
799:
797:
778:
762:
760:
698:
678:
663:
648:
638:, defeating
625:
623:
597:U.S. Marshal
594:
591:Early career
577:
561:
537:
527:
524:Babcock test
511:
509:
504:
499:
497:
491:
487:
476:
466:
462:
458:
456:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
427:
423:
368:
357:
330:
310:
305:
303:
295:
284:
275:
274:
249:
134:(1918-11-22)
85:Succeeded by
62:
18:
2162:1918 deaths
2157:1836 births
1776:(1836–1848)
1726:George Peck
1589:October 24,
1563:October 24,
1529:October 25,
1492:October 25,
1434:October 25,
1369:October 24,
1307:October 24,
1267:October 26,
1237:October 24,
1154:October 26,
1101:October 26,
1071:October 26,
1021:October 24,
964:October 24,
917:October 24,
843:character."
709:Evangelical
666:Bennett Law
660:Bennett Law
654:Bennett Law
348:schoolhouse
73:Preceded by
42: 1890
2096:Categories
2009:Kohler Jr.
1977:Schmedeman
1967:Kohler Sr.
1773:Territory
1720:1889–1891
1674:Republican
1584:WisContext
879:References
793:Henry Mall
640:Democratic
399:discharged
379:Union Army
237:Occupation
197:Republican
115:1836-10-10
2039:Schreiber
2004:Rennebohm
1962:Zimmerman
1902:Ludington
1887:Fairchild
1857:MacArthur
1796:Tallmadge
1479:0043-6534
1421:0021-969X
1332:Wisconsin
1141:0043-6534
1065:Macmillan
749:The 1922
701:Wisconsin
557:Watertown
353:depletion
340:Methodist
337:itinerant
258:Signature
245:Known for
156:Monuments
63:In office
53:16th
37:Portrait
2059:McCallum
2054:Thompson
2024:Reynolds
1999:Goodland
1947:McGovern
1942:Davidson
1932:Scofield
1892:Washburn
1862:Bashford
1808:(acting)
1461:(1918).
1429:23915900
1149:24398963
1061:New York
1051:(1924).
942:(2005).
818:See also
705:Missouri
612:for the
512:Dairyman
500:Dairyman
397:and was
229:Children
2044:Dreyfus
2029:Knowles
2014:Thomson
1952:Philipp
1877:Salomon
1867:Randall
1852:Barstow
1847:Farwell
1487:4630124
1328:Madison
960:: 40–49
720:in the
634:in the
567:at the
549:Chicago
520:alfalfa
510:In the
494:in 2016
288:alfalfa
223:
215:
211:
2069:Walker
2019:Nelson
1993:Loomis
1957:Blaine
1897:Taylor
1872:Harvey
1829:State
1806:Catlin
1629:
1520:
1485:
1477:
1427:
1419:
1342:
1147:
1139:
1012:
769:silage
741:Legacy
707:, and
601:census
413:Career
203:Spouse
142:, U.S.
124:, U.S.
2074:Evers
2064:Doyle
2034:Lucey
1927:Upham
1917:Hoard
1907:Smith
1882:Lewis
1842:Dewey
1801:Dodge
1786:Dodge
1483:JSTOR
1425:JSTOR
1145:JSTOR
956:(3).
830:Notes
477:Union
473:folio
459:Union
448:Union
440:Union
385:as a
217:(
213:
2049:Earl
1987:Heil
1922:Peck
1912:Rusk
1791:Doty
1687:1890
1683:1888
1627:ISBN
1591:2022
1565:2022
1531:2022
1518:ISBN
1494:2022
1475:ISSN
1436:2022
1417:ISSN
1371:2022
1340:ISBN
1309:2022
1269:2022
1239:2022
1156:2022
1137:ISSN
1103:2022
1073:2022
1023:2022
1010:ISBN
966:2022
919:2022
798:The
498:The
490:and
426:and
387:fife
129:Died
105:Born
1995:) *
1649:at
1409:doi
753:by
450:to
2098::
1685:,
1582:.
1557:51
1555:.
1551:.
1539:^
1481:.
1469:.
1465:.
1444:^
1423:.
1415:.
1405:23
1403:.
1399:.
1379:^
1338:.
1334::
1330:,
1298:.
1277:^
1247:^
1231:10
1229:.
1225:.
1204:^
1164:^
1143:.
1133:96
1131:.
1127:.
1111:^
1081:^
1063::
1059:.
1055:.
1031:^
1004:.
974:^
954:88
952:.
946:.
927:^
909:.
887:^
776:.
703:,
616:.
543:,
479:.
366:.
219:m.
39:c.
1991:(
1757:e
1750:t
1743:v
1635:.
1593:.
1567:.
1533:.
1496:.
1471:2
1438:.
1411::
1373:.
1348:.
1311:.
1271:.
1241:.
1158:.
1105:.
1075:.
1025:.
968:.
921:.
232:3
117:)
113:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
