772:
Calvert, now angry at Stone for what he perceived as weakness, demanded that Stone do something, and in 1655 Stone reclaimed control in St. Mary's and led a group of soldiers to
Providence (modern Annapolis). Stone was captured and his force defeated by local Puritan settlers, who took control of the colony. Given the new situation, Claiborne and Bennett went to England in hopes of convincing Cromwell to change his mind but, to their dismay, no decision was made and, lacking royal authority, the Puritans gave power over to a new governor appointed by Calvert. Going behind Claiborne's back, Bennett and another commissioner reached an agreement with Calvert that virtually guaranteed his continued control over Maryland through the remainder of the Protectorate.
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expelled Harvey from the colony. Two years later, an attorney for
Cloberry and Company, who were concerned that the revenues they were receiving from fur trading had not recouped their original investment, arrived on Kent Island. The attorney took possession of the island and bade Claiborne return to England, where Cloberry and Company filed suit against him. The attorney then invited Maryland to take over the island by force, which it did in December 1637. By March 1638 the Maryland Assembly had declared that all of Claiborne's property within the colony now belonged to the proprietor. Maryland temporarily won the legal battle for Kent Island and won again when Claiborne's final appeal was rejected by the Privy Council in April 1638.
810:
Rebellion, inherited his father's
Romancoke plantation and other lands, but died before 1678. Thus, the next year, his younger son and merchant partner Thomas Claiborne (1647–1683) was noted as executor of his father's estate in a deed dated August 25, 1670 and recorded in nearby York County. Another son (brother), John, returned from England, married and became guardian for his nephew William Claiborne III in 1787. Although Leonard Claiborne (1649–1694) both received Virginia land from his father and patented 3000 acres in what became King William County, he settled in Jamaica and served in that island's assembly in 1693.
637:
394:, who made his living as a small-scale businessman involved in a variety of industries, including the salt and fish trades. His elder half brother may have been Sir Roger James, a shareholder in the Virginia Company of London. The family name have various alternate spellings, as was common in the day, including Cleburn, Cleyborne, or Claiborne (the last of which he later adopted). William Claiborne was the younger of two sons. The family's business was not profitable enough to make it rich, and so Claiborne's older brother was apprenticed in
789:
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560:. Claiborne arrived soon afterwards and expressed the concerns of Virginia that its territorial integrity was being threatened. He was joined in his protests by a group of London merchants who planned to build a sugar colony in the same area. Claiborne, still intent on his own project, received a royal trading commission through one of his London supporters in 1631, one which granted him the right to trade with the natives on all lands in the mid-Atlantic where there was not already a patent in effect.
533:, and because it was no secret that Calvert desired a charter for a portion of the land that the Virginians considered their own. After a brief stay, Calvert returned to England to press for just such a charter, and Claiborne, in his capacity as Secretary of State of Virginia colony, was sent to England to argue the Virginians' case. This happened to be to Claiborne's private advantage, as he was also trying to complete the arrangements for the trading post on Kent Island.
433:. The position carried a 200-acre (80 hectare) land grant, a salary of £30 per year, a house and the promise of fees paid by settlers who needed to have their land grants surveyed. His political acumen quickly made him one of the most successful Virginia colonists, and within four years of his arrival he had secured grants for 1,100 acres (445 hectares) of land and a retroactive salary of £60 a year from the Virginia Colony's council. Meanwhile, the native
669:. With the support of the Virginia establishment, Claiborne made clear to Calvert that his allegiance was to Virginia and royal authority, and not to the proprietary authority in Maryland. Some historical reports claim that Claiborne tried to incite the natives against the Maryland colonists by telling them that the settlers at St. Mary's were actually Spanish and enemies of the English, although this claim has never been proven. In 1635, a Maryland commissioner named
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Island. He and
Bennett then turned their attention to Maryland and, arguing again that the Catholic Calverts could not be trusted and that the charter gave the Calverts too much power, demanded that the colony submit to the Commonwealth. Governor Stone briefly refused but gave in to Claiborne and the commission, and submitted Maryland to Parliamentary rule.
633:, still in support of Claiborne and now including representatives of the Kent Island settlers, issued a series of proclamations and protests both before and after when the news of the granting of the Maryland charter reached across the ocean, claiming the lands for Virginia and protesting the charter's legality.
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Jamestown and other plantations, killing hundreds in what became known as the "Powhatan
Uprising". The settlers retaliated, killing hundreds of tribesmen and their families, burning fields, and spreading smallpox. Claiborne survive the attacks, but recommended that the king take over the colony's management.
813:
Several lines of
American Claibornes claim emigrant William as their ancestor. Although none of this man's sons served on the Council of State, his distant nephew Nathaniel Herbert Claiborne served there and six terms in Congress. Thomas Claiborne (1747-1811) and his sons John Claiborne (d. 1808) and
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With no authority left in
Maryland, Claiborne turned to his political offices in Virginia. However, as a consequence of his continuous conflict and disruption, over several years, of authority and government in both Maryland and Virginia in pursuit of his commercial interests, as well as his alliance
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of
Maryland tried to reclaim authority for the proprietor and declared that Claiborne's property and his life could be taken at the Governor's pleasure. Stone's declaration was ignored and Claiborne and Bennett again overthrew him, creating a new assembly in which Catholics were not allowed to serve.
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secured the peaceful submission of
Virginia to Parliamentary rule, and the new Virginia Assembly appointed Claiborne as Secretary of the colony. It also proposed to Parliament new acts which would give Virginia more autonomy from England, which would benefit Claiborne as he pressed his claims on Kent
749:
In 1648 a group of merchants in London applied to
Parliament for revocation of the Maryland charter from the Calverts. This was rejected, but Claiborne received a final opportunity to reclaim Kent Island when he was appointed by the Puritan-controlled Parliament to a commission which was charged with
758:
Claiborne made no overt legal attempts to re-assert control over Kent Island during the commission's rule of Maryland, although a treaty concluded during that time with the Susquehannocks claimed that Claiborne owned both Kent and Palmer Islands. Claiborne's legal designs on Maryland were once again
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people had been disturbed by the influx of immigrants, particularly new villages established on traditional farming lands, the subsequent need to purchase food from the settlers, and the enforced placement of Indian youth in "colleges." Months after Claiborne's arrival, in March 1622, they attacked
809:
Claiborne's date of death and precise gravesite are unknown. His eldest son, William Claiborne Jr.(ca. 1636 – before 1678), who in the 1650s was a merchant on his father's behalf in England and served as a burgess in the following decade (1660-1678) as well as on the court to try members of Bacon's
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of Virginia, who had never been well liked by the Virginian colonists, had followed royal orders to support the Maryland settlement and, just before the naval battles in the Chesapeake, removed Claiborne from office as Secretary of State. In response, Claiborne's supporters in the Virginia Assembly
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on 28 May 1631 with indentured servants recruited in London and money for his trading post, likely believing Calvert's hopes defeated. He was able to gain the support of the Virginia Council for his project and, as a reward for London merchant Maurice Thomson's financial support, helped Thomson and
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with the Parliament faction during these activities, upon the restoration of the British monarchy in 1660 he had few friends left in government. Claiborne therefore retired from political affairs in 1660 and spent the remainder of his life managing his 5,000 acre (2,023 hectare) estate, "
716:
Until about 1640, Claiborne lived in Elizabeth City County. After 1640 he lived at Romancoke plantation, near the confluence of the Mattaponi and Pamunkey Rivers, in what was initially York County, but which through divisions in 1654 became New Kent County, and eventually in 1701 (after his death)
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merchant whose ships had been seized by the Catholic authorities in Maryland in response to a royal decree against Parliament. Claiborne and Ingle saw an opportunity for revenge using the Parliamentary dispute as political cover, and in 1644 Claiborne seized Kent Island while Ingle took over St.
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Claiborne's first appeal to royal authority in the dispute, which complained both that the lands in the Maryland charter were not really unsettled, as the charter claimed, and that the charter gave so much power to Calvert that it undermined the rights of the settlers, was rejected by the
321:
sympathizer, and deeply resentful of the Calverts' Catholicism. He was one of the signers, along with Virginia Governor John Pott, Samuel Matthews, and Roger Smyth, of a letter to the King's Privy Council, dated 30 November 1629, complaining that Lord Baltimore refused to take the
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was progressing, the Privy Council had proposed to Sir George Calvert, former Secretary of State for the King that he be granted a charter for lands north of the Virginia colony, in replacement for the unsuccessful settlements of his earlier colony of
801:, John, Thomas and Leonard) and two daughters (Jane who married burgess Thomas Brereton of Northumberland County and Elizabeth who in 1668 patented 1000 acres of land in what was then King and Queen County and later became New Kent county).
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gave Claiborne another opportunity to reclaim Kent Island. The Calverts, who had received such constant support from the King, in turn supported the monarchy during the early stages of the parliamentary crisis. Claiborne found a new ally in
796:
In the midst of the political turmoil of the conflict over Kent Island, Claiborne married Elizabeth Butler (or Boteler) of Essex, whose brother John was one of Claiborne's associates in the Kent Island venture. The couple had four sons
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of Virginia, and, after Leonard Calvert died in 1648, Cecil Calvert appointed a pro-Parliament Protestant to take over as governor. The rebellion and its religious overtones was one of the factors that led to passage of the landmark
681:. Claiborne tried to recover it by force, but was defeated; although he retained his settlement on Kent Island. These were the first naval battles in North American waters, on 23 April and 10 May 1635; three Virginians were killed.
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Mary's. Both used religion as a tool to gain popular support, arguing that the Catholic Calverts could not be trusted. By 1646, however, Governor Leonard Calvert had retaken both St. Mary's and Kent Island with support from
298:, sometimes by force of arms, after its inclusion in the lands that were granted by a 1632 Royal Charter to the Calvert family. Kent Island had become Maryland territory after the surrounding lands were granted to
713:, and Spanish settlements dominated the mainland of Central America. Claiborne optimistically called his new colony Rich Island, but Spanish power in the area was too strong and the colony was destroyed in 1642.
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two associates get a contract from Virginia guaranteeing a monopoly on tobacco. Claiborne's Kent Island settlers established a small plantation on the island and appointed a clergyman. While the settlement on
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Sources disagree as tp Claiborne's date of birth and which family he descended from in England. Brenner, which is the most recent authoritative historical text, cites 1587 as the date of birth and the
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In May 1638, fresh from his defeat over Kent Island, Claiborne received a commission from the Providence Land Company, who were advised by his old friend Maurice Thomson, to create a new colony on
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John Frederick Dornan and Claiborne T. Smith Jr., Claiborne of Virginia: descendants of Colonel William Claiborne: The First Eight Generations (Baltimore: Gateway Press, Inc. 1995
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suppressing Anglican disquiet in Virginia; Virginia in this case defined as "all the plantations in the Bay of the Chesapeake." Claiborne and fellow commissioner
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215:
834:, and a number of political figures from Tennessee and Virginia. Descendants have formed a society to advance the genealogical study of Claiborne's lineage.
398:, becoming a merchant involved in hosiery and, eventually, the tobacco trade. He entered Pembroke College at the University of Cambridge on May 31, 1617.
19:
This article is about the 17th century English pioneer, surveyor, merchant and colonial politician. For the 19th century United States politician, see
278:. Claiborne became a wealthy merchant and planter, as well as a major political figure in the mid-Atlantic colonies, and the founder of one of the
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362:, "William Claiborne may have been the most consistently influential politician in Virginia throughout the whole of the pre-Restoration period".
282:. He featured in disputes between the colonists of Virginia and the later settling of Maryland, partly because of his earlier trading post on
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in 1660, he retired from involvement in the politics of the Virginia colony. He died around 1677 at his plantation, Romancoke, on Virginia's
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in July 1633. The following year, the main body of Calvert's settlers arrived in the Chesapeake and established a permanent settlement on
617:, on 20 June 1632. This turn of events was unfortunate for Claiborne, since the Maryland charter included all lands on either side of the
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Claiborne achieved financial success using his political success. Appointed to the Governor's Council in 1624, he was named the colony's
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652:) and a Western Shore (mainland). This island was the touchpoint for a long conflict between Claiborne and the Maryland colony.
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Warren Billings, "Claiborne, William (1600–1679)" in Dictionary of Virginia Biography vol. 3, p. 255–256, also available at
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was still a frontier settlement in March 1622 when William Claiborne, (c.1600–c.1677), survived attacks by native Indian
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Merchants and Revolution: Commercial Change, Political Conflict, and London's Overseas Traders
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Coast. Claiborne found both financial and political support for the Kent Island venture from
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The founders of Maryland as portrayed in manuscripts, provincial records and early documents
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Four years later, Claiborne was offered a position as a land surveyor in the new colony of
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waters. Claiborne repeatedly attempted and failed to regain Kent Island from the Maryland
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Clayborns of England as his ancestors. Other dates and biographical information reflect
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of 1649, which declared religious tolerance for Catholics and Protestants in Maryland.
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Map of the modern State of Maryland with Kent Island highlighted in the mid-way of the
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of 1642–1651 and was appointed to a commission charged with subduing and managing the
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Map of the Virginia colony showing its location relative to the proprietary colony,
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Thomas Claiborne (1780-1856) all served as Congressmen. Other descendants include
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Parliamentary Commissioner, move to Romancoke and the second dispute with Maryland
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brewer, and was baptised on August 10, 1600. His father, Thomas Clayborn, was an
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swept the Chesapeake for illegal traders and captured one of Claiborne's
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457:, traveling or trading southward on two of its largest tributaries, the
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Atlantic Virginia: Intercolonial Relations in the Seventeenth Century.
548:, on land south of the Virginia settlements in area of the modern-day
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https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/claiborne-william-1600-1679/
780:", near West Point on the Pamunkey River, dying there in about 1677.
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English and Catholic: the Lords Baltimore in the Seventeenth Century
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in October 1621, in the retinue of the colony's new governor, Sir
961:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABL-CLIO, Inc. pp. lntroduction: l-li.
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Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families.
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525:. Calvert was not welcomed by the Virginians, both because his
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Parliamentary Commissioner and Secretary of the Virginia Colony
310:(1600–1649; reigned from 1625 until his execution in 1649).
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Jamestown Colony: A Political, Social, and Cultural History
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in England to Sarah Smith James, the widowed daughter of a
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1402:"The National Society of the Claiborne Family Descendants"
485:, William Cloberry, John de la Barre, and Simon Turgis.
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Claiborne was born in Crayford parish in the county of
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Surveyor, colonial government official, trader, planter
709:. At the time, Honduras itself was a part of Spain's
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Calvert, a former high official in the government of
290:, which provoked the first naval military battles in
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people who lived further north on the shores of the
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to parliamentary rule in this period. Following the
23:. For the college football player and reverend, see
517:, arrived in Virginia, having traveled south from
465:. Claiborne wanted to establish a trading post on
413:that killed more than 300 Virginia colonists.
300:Sir George Calvert, first Baron and Lord Baltimore
1493:The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century.
1545:
1526:National Society of Claiborne Family Descendants
1477:Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1152:Brenner, p. 157 and Fiske, pp. 281–282
830:, Folk musician/science and linguistics writer
544:for permission to build a colony, to be called
489:Kent Island and the first dispute with Maryland
1143:Osgood, p. 95 and Fiske, pp. 280–282
1134:Hatfield, p. 186 and Brenner, p. 143
1035:Brenner, p. 124 and Hatfield, p. 186
999:Browne, p. 27 and Fiske, pp. 263–264
1521:Exploring Maryland's Roots: William Claiborne
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1462:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
859:"Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography"
763:returned Calvert to power in 1653, after the
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445:in 1626. Around 1627, he began to trade for
1008:Browne, p. 28 and Krugler, p. 107
1364:"Liz Claiborne, 78, Fashion Industry Icon"
1245:Osgood, p. 127 and Fiske, p. 294
53:Secretary of State for the Virginia Colony
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915:
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889:. Albany, NY: J. Munsell, 1876. p.
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16:English settler in Virginia and Maryland
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585:), in order to create pressure on the
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1444:. New York: Dodd, Mead, and Company.
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818:(Tennessee congressman and first
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1599:People from West Point, Virginia
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324:Oath of Allegiance and Supremacy
141:Treasurer of the Virginia colony
125:Treasurer of the Virginia colony
1495:London: MacMilland and Company.
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1473:Hatfield, April Lee (2004).
659:Lords of Foreign Plantations
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302:(1579–1632) by the reigning
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1453:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
957:Grizzard, Frank E. (2007).
97:Virginia Governor's Council
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1515:External links and Sources
629:, mid-way on the Bay. The
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280:First Families of Virginia
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1456:Krugler, John D. (2004).
1206:Brenner, pp. 167–168
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744:Maryland Toleration Act
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1026:Brenner, p. 124
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826:, the late minister
822:), fashion designer
711:Kingdom of Guatemala
499:Province of Maryland
407:Province of Virginia
340:Province of Maryland
336:Province of Virginia
240:Cambridge University
198:, Kingdom of England
1368:The Washington Post
1299:Osgood, p. 133
1281:Osgood, p. 131
1272:Osgood, p. 130
1263:Osgood, p. 129
1254:Osgood, p. 121
1227:Osgood, p. 124
732:, a pro-Parliament
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25:Wild Bill Claiborne
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1584:American planters
1531:William Claiborne
968:978-1-85109-637-4
739:Governor Berkeley
725:English Civil War
701:off the coast of
671:Thomas Cornwallis
631:Virginia Assembly
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529:offended them as
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332:English Civil War
313:Claiborne was an
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869:
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848:
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807:
786:
765:Rump Parliament
761:Oliver Cromwell
752:Richard Bennett
695:
667:St. Mary's City
503:Lord Baltimores
491:
483:Maurice Thomson
368:
350:of the English
304:King of England
274:and around the
196:Virginia Colony
190:
170:
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146:
135:
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119:
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85:
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35:
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1387:Boddie's 1999
1380:
1370:. pp. B07
1354:
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1334:Dornan pp. 7–8
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861:1887–89.
841:
839:
836:
806:
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785:
782:
769:Governor Stone
759:defeated when
694:
691:
679:Pocomoke Sound
642:Chesapeake Bay
619:Chesapeake Bay
611:King Charles I
554:South Carolina
550:North Carolina
507:Calvert family
501:controlled by
490:
487:
471:Chesapeake Bay
463:Potomac rivers
455:Chesapeake Bay
367:
364:
360:Robert Brenner
356:Pamunkey River
292:North American
288:Chesapeake Bay
276:Chesapeake Bay
262:also, spelled
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1508:0-8063-1759-0
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1483:0-8122-3757-9
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1468:0-8018-7963-9
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1433:1-85984-333-6
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835:
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829:
828:Jerry Falwell
825:
824:Liz Claiborne
821:
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790:
781:
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773:
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766:
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747:
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731:
730:Richard Ingle
726:
721:
720:
714:
712:
708:
707:Caribbean Sea
704:
700:
699:Ruatan Island
690:
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680:
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672:
668:
664:
660:
651:
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646:Eastern Shore
643:
638:
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628:
624:
623:Potomac River
620:
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566:
561:
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543:
542:Privy Council
539:
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516:
508:
504:
500:
495:
486:
484:
480:
476:
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468:
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456:
452:
451:Susquehannock
448:
444:
439:
436:
432:
431:Francis Wyatt
428:
424:
420:
412:
408:
403:
399:
397:
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389:
385:
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329:
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269:
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225:
221:
218:, 2 daughters
217:
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177:
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168:
164:
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98:
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89:
83:
77:
72:
67:
61:
56:
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
26:
22:
1559:1670s deaths
1554:1600s births
1541:
1534:
1499:
1492:
1474:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1424:
1405:. Retrieved
1396:
1388:
1383:
1372:. Retrieved
1367:
1357:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1250:
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1232:
1211:
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1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
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1121:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1004:
995:
986:
977:
958:
952:
943:
908:
899:
885:
878:
866:
858:
845:
812:
808:
795:
774:
757:
748:
722:
715:
696:
683:
655:
579:Newfoundland
562:
540:, asked the
538:King James I
535:
523:Newfoundland
512:
440:
416:
369:
312:
263:
259:
258:
147:
131:
115:
104:
90:Richard Kemp
86:Succeeded by
75:
59:
784:Family life
686:John Harvey
627:Kent Island
570:Kent Island
565:Kent Island
531:Protestants
527:Catholicism
467:Kent Island
459:Susquehanna
427:James River
388:King's Lynn
348:restoration
330:during the
284:Kent Island
1548:Categories
1418:References
1407:2008-01-22
1374:2008-01-22
838:References
603:New Jersey
481:merchants
384:lord mayor
328:Parliament
246:Occupation
234:Alma mater
192:West Point
1325:) pp. 5–6
778:Romancoke
665:lands at
663:Yaocomico
513:In 1629,
449:with the
423:Jamestown
411:Powhatans
308:Charles I
264:Cleyburne
227:Romancoke
223:Residence
152:1652–1661
148:In office
136:1642–1661
132:In office
120:1642–1661
116:In office
109:1623-1637
105:In office
80:1648–1660
76:In office
64:1626–1634
60:In office
1491:(1907).
1343:Billings
1323:95-80550
1170:Billings
981:Billings
947:Billings
912:Billings
703:Honduras
675:pinnaces
607:New York
599:Delaware
591:Delaware
546:Carolina
475:Atlantic
435:Powhatan
419:Virginia
380:alderman
352:monarchy
344:Virginia
315:Anglican
296:Calverts
272:Maryland
268:Virginia
211:Children
172:Crayford
851:Norfolk
734:Puritan
705:in the
677:in the
558:Georgia
505:of the
392:Norfolk
319:Puritan
189:c. 1677
169:c. 1600
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1481:
1466:
1431:
1321:
965:
595:Hudson
583:Canada
575:Avalon
556:, and
519:Avalon
479:London
396:London
376:London
203:Spouse
386:from
1504:ISBN
1479:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1429:ISBN
1319:LCCN
963:ISBN
855:Kent
605:and
593:and
461:and
447:furs
405:The
382:and
372:Kent
338:and
317:, a
270:and
186:Died
176:Kent
166:Born
1533:at
577:in
1550::
1366:.
1220:^
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1470:.
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893:.
853:/
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509:.
27:.
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