278:
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2023:
336:
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646:. President Grant appointed Woods to be circuit judge for the Fifth Circuit, which comprised Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, and he was sworn in on December 22, 1869. Little information is available as to why the President selected Woods, but Thomas E. Baynes Jr. suggests that his Republican politics, his military service with Grant, and the fact that his brother-in-law
720:" schools for blacks and whites; he wrote: "White children and colored children are compelled to attend different schools. That is all. The state, while conceding equal privileges and advantages to both races, has the right to manage its schools in the manner which, in its judgment, will best promote the interest of all." Woods moved to
40:
877:
began a 1969 essay on Woods by describing him as "one of the least known of all the
Justices who have served on the United States Supreme Court". A 1970 survey of law professors rated him "below average", but the legal scholar D. Grier Stephenson suggests that this rating "probably results more from
882:
with a "muddled judicial philosophy". According to
Timothy L. Hall, "ore a follower than a leader, more an echo of the reverberating ideas of others than an original thinker in his own right, his brief years on the Court climaxed a life too far removed from the center of events to warrant more than
856:
Woods became suddenly ill in the spring of 1886 and did not participate in the Court's 1886–87 term; the details of his illness are not known. His condition seemed to be improving during a lengthy stay in
California, but it soon worsened. Woods died aged 62 on May 14, 1887, in Washington, D.C., and
785:
Woods remained on the
Supreme Court until his death in 1887. A hard worker on a Court deluged with cases, he wrote more opinions during his tenure than any other associate justice. Most of his opinions for the Court were in uncontroversial cases, often involving real property, patents, taxation,
756:
for the Third
Circuit, which would leave the Fifth Circuit position vacant—making it preferable for Strong's replacement to have experience with Louisiana and Texas law. Additionally, Woods's connections to both North and South made him "precisely the kind of candidate Hayes sought to help bind
817:(1883) that the Fourteenth Amendment did not authorize laws that prohibit individuals from interfering with other individuals' civil rights. The decision, which involved defendants charged with breaking into a jail and beating four black prisoners (in one case to death), held that the
786:
commerce, municipal law, trusts, or corporations. He participated in nearly 1,500 cases but dissented only eight times, and Baynes states that he "clearly should be characterized with the majority of the Court". His jurisprudence was generally nationalistic: he joined the majority in
878:
general unfamiliarity than from a careful appraisal of his work". The historian
Stephen Cresswell attributes Woods's low historical reputation to his brief tenure, the frequency of his votes with the majority, and perceptions that he was a
2803:
761:. Strong submitted his letter of resignation on December 14, and the following day Hayes nominated Woods to take his place. Despite concerns that too many justices from Ohio were being appointed (
712:, he avoided becoming involved in a dispute over the eligibility of a Florida Republican elector who had attempted to resign another federal office by writing to Woods. Woods's 1878 decision in
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849:
applied only to the federal government; it "limited the possibilities of applying the Bill of Rights to the states through the
Fourteenth Amendment", according to the legal scholar
1993:
1785:
1801:
1769:
2009:
683:, holding that the Fourteenth Amendment gave Congress the power to protect the freedoms of speech and of assembly through legislation. The Supreme Court's 1873 ruling in the
1977:
1961:
1945:
1913:
1865:
811:
Woods interpreted the
Fourteenth Amendment more narrowly and conservatively on the Supreme Court than he had on the Fifth Circuit. He wrote for an eight-justice majority in
568:
broke out, he supported the Union cause, vowing to stand by the federal government "in sunshine or storm, in peace or war, right or wrong". In
February 1862, he joined the
1929:
1881:
1849:
1833:
1817:
521:, on August 3, 1824, to Ezekiel S. Woods, a Kentucky-born merchant and farmer, and Sarah Burnham Woods, who was from New England. He attended Western Reserve College (now
675:
should be interpreted broadly to protect civil rights associated with U.S. citizenship against infringement by the states. In another privileges-and-immunities decision,
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2042:
1897:
1669:
506:
470:'s policies but supported the Union once the Civil War broke out. He joined the Union army as an officer, participating in a number of battles; after his discharge as a
51:
1753:
913:
497:, he favored a broad interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment that contrasted with the narrower one he supported on the Supreme Court. In another case, he upheld "
623:. After being mustered out, Woods settled in Alabama, where he had been serving; there he practiced law, involved himself in cotton production, and invested in
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448:
557:
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were all associated with that state), the Senate confirmed him by a vote of 39 to 8 on
December 21, 1880. He was sworn in on January 5, 1881.
697:, in which scores of African-American men were killed, but Woods dissented without an opinion; when the case reached the Supreme Court by
908:
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in 1845. After returning to Newark, he studied law under the tutelage of S. D. King, a prominent lawyer; the two became
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1310:
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Ohio notables and Southern congressmen recommended Woods for an 1877 vacancy on the U.S. Supreme Court, but President
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rejected Bradley and Woods's broader interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment. In the 1874 Enforcement Act case of
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218:
213:
672:
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1449:
451:. He dissented rarely and wrote mostly uncontroversial opinions, and he has been largely forgotten by history.
20:
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to hold that the federal government could lawfully print paper money, and he dissented when the Court held in
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in 1847. Woods took an interest in politics in the 1850s. While some evidence suggests that he was at first a
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major general in 1866, he settled in Alabama, where he practiced law and engaged in commercial activities.
708:, which was especially complicated due to its French and Spanish roots. In the aftermath of the contested
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689:
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419:(August 3, 1824 – May 14, 1887) was an American jurist who served as an associate justice of the
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832:
774:
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2218:
2116:
1461:
1344:
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813:
698:
680:
534:
429:
1386:
Biographical Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court: The Lives and Legal Philosophies of the Justices
841:, involving a man convicted of violating Illinois law by carrying firearms as part of a private
552:
Woods became Newark's mayor in 1856, and the following year he was elected as a Democrat to the
2604:
2536:
2408:
2086:
1876:
627:. He had by this time become a Republican, and in 1868 he was elected on the Republican ticket
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467:
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1872:
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663:
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326:
1338:
2733:
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2438:
2383:
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2278:
1904:
1532:
745:
502:
501:" schools. Hayes nominated Woods to the Supreme Court in 1880, and he was confirmed by the
2702:
2022:
1217:. Washington, DC: Bicentennial Committee of the Judicial Conference of the United States.
1017:
The Justices of the United States Supreme Court, 1789–1969: Their Lives and Major Opinions
8:
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2396:
2390:
2370:
2212:
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1051:
837:
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74:
462:. He practiced law in Newark and entered politics, soon rising to be the speaker of the
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39–8. On the Court, he was a diligent worker who wrote more opinions than any other
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1419:
The Supreme Court Compendium: Two Centuries of Data, Decisions, and Developments
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during his six-year tenure. He was struck ill in spring 1886 and died in 1887.
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2004:
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1531:. History of the Supreme Court of the United States. Vol. 7. New York:
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United States federal judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law
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2000:
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1940:
1908:
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1004:
948:
Baynes Jr., Thomas E. (1993). "William B. Woods". In Cushman, Clare (ed.).
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518:
455:
181:
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39:
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1892:
307:
1717:
1417:; Segal, Jeffery A.; Spaeth, Harold Joseph; Walker, Thomas G. (2021).
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1748:
624:
549:. In 1855, he married Anne E. Warner, with whom he had two children.
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he was buried at the Cedar Hill Cemetery in Newark, Ohio. President
693:, Bradley dismissed federal charges against the perpetrators of the
1744:
1495:
1390:
955:
732:
427:, he served from 1881 until 1887. He wrote the majority opinion in
825:
set the stage for the Court's 8–1 decision later that year in the
607:
in Washington. Just before his discharge in February 1866, he was
842:
721:
577:
485:
for the Fifth Circuit, which covered six Southern states. In the
447:
to the states; both cases adopted a narrow interpretation of the
603:. He was made brigadier general in 1865 and participated in the
2789:
United States federal judges appointed by Rutherford B. Hayes
667:
in 1870; in an opinion by Bradley, they both agreed that the
831:, in which Woods joined the majority in holding much of the
804:, he joined a dissent by Harlan when the majority held that
1670:
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
748:
instead. In December 1880, the press reported that Justice
185:
52:
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
2794:
United States federal judges appointed by Ulysses S. Grant
1458:
Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States
914:
List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
757:
bitter sectional wounds", according to the legal scholar
1413:
752:
intended to resign. Bradley wanted to take his place as
1379:
Cresswell, Stephen (2006). "William Burnham Woods". In
560:. At first Woods staunchly opposed the policies of the
845:, Woods's opinion for a unanimous Court held that the
580:
in September when the previous colonel – his brother,
1421:(7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: CQ Press.
1559:
Leaving the Bench: Supreme Court Justices at the End
1306:
The Supreme Court under Morrison R. Waite, 1874–1888
1238:"Buckeye Barristers Dominate the U.S. Supreme Court"
890:
512:
2799:Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States
1642:United States Circuit Courts for the Fifth Circuit
1047:Facts about the Supreme Court of the United States
2693:Also served as Chief Justice of the United States
1140:"Yankee from Georgia: A Search for Justice Woods"
1081:Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary
107:United States Circuit Court for the Fifth Circuit
2720:
798:that individuals could sue federal officers. In
714:Bertonneau v. Board of Directors of City Schools
679:(1871), Woods sustained an indictment under the
1172:Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders
951:Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies
1492:The Waite Court: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy
1489:
1275:. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). Washington, DC:
119:December 22, 1869 – December 21, 1880
2779:Speakers of the Ohio House of Representatives
1703:
1265:
704:Woods expended considerable effort to learn
631:of the middle chancery division of Alabama.
1586:
909:List of American Civil War generals (Union)
727:
615:at the recommendation of Generals Sherman,
2749:Judges of the United States circuit courts
1710:
1696:
1137:
947:
38:
16:US Supreme Court justice from 1881 to 1887
1378:
1214:A History of the Fifth Circuit, 1891–1981
433:, involving the constitutionality of the
19:For other people with the same name, see
2774:People of Ohio in the American Civil War
1589:"Here Lies the Supreme Court: Revisited"
1555:
780:
731:
1521:
1444:
1333:
1043:
466:. A Democrat, he initially opposed the
64:January 5, 1881 – May 14, 1887
2721:
2041:
1440:
1438:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1165:
1003:
773:, Woods, and the rumored next nominee
650:was a U.S. Senator all played a role.
2040:
1730:
1691:
1587:Christensen, George A. (March 2008).
1517:
1515:
1490:Stephenson Jr., Donald Grier (2003).
1485:
1483:
1481:
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1296:
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1259:
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993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
1549:
1528:Reconstruction and Reunion, 1864–88
1435:
1361:
640:An 1869 judicial reorganization law
443:, involving the application of the
13:
2701:
2021:
1731:
1720:Supreme Court of the United States
1512:
1478:
1340:Justices, Presidents, and Senators
1327:
1311:University of South Carolina Press
1293:
1252:
1068:
926:
701:, it affirmed Bradley's decision.
545:, he later became a member of the
517:William Burnham Woods was born in
421:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
2820:
1191:
1156:
1102:
972:
513:Early life, education, and career
458:, Woods received his degree from
1607:10.1111/j.1540-5818.2008.00177.x
1594:Journal of Supreme Court History
1177:Louisiana State University Press
893:
863:Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar
736:Woods's Supreme Court nomination
634:
334:
325:
276:
255:
1580:
1407:
1272:Guide to the U.S. Supreme Court
673:Privileges or Immunities Clause
523:Case Western Reserve University
1229:
1138:Baynes Jr., Thomas E. (1978).
1037:
1:
1494:. Santa Barbara, California:
919:
883:passing historical mention".
554:Ohio House of Representatives
529:, from which he graduated as
464:Ohio House of Representatives
2739:19th-century American judges
1309:. Columbia, South Carolina:
423:. An appointee of President
7:
1556:Atkinson, David N. (1999).
886:
821:exceeded Congress's power.
690:United States v. Cruikshank
570:76th Ohio Infantry Regiment
494:United States v. Cruikshank
10:
2825:
1564:University Press of Kansas
1460:(2nd ed.). New York:
1175:. Baton Rouge, Louisiana:
1015:; Israel, Fred L. (eds.).
710:1876 presidential election
605:Grand Review of the Armies
18:
2699:
2049:
2036:
2019:
1739:
1726:
1676:
1667:
1659:
1649:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1211:Couch, Harvey C. (1984).
1078:Hall, Timothy L. (2001).
1019:. Vol. 2. New York:
901:American Civil War portal
868:
808:were not U.S. citizens.
525:) before transferring to
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68:
57:
50:
46:
37:
30:
2769:People from Newark, Ohio
1450:"Woods, William Burnham"
1345:Rowman & Littlefield
1236:Hale, F. Dennis (2000).
833:Civil Rights Act of 1875
728:Supreme Court nomination
1462:Oxford University Press
1277:Congressional Quarterly
814:United States v. Harris
699:certificate of division
681:Enforcement Act of 1870
556:, immediately becoming
430:United States v. Harris
2706:
2026:
1464:. pp. 1097–1098.
1269:; Witt, Elder (1997).
1044:Paddock, Lisa (1996).
1023:. pp. 1327–1336.
737:
562:Lincoln administration
468:Lincoln administration
2705:
2025:
1873:Edward Douglass White
835:unconstitutional. In
789:Juilliard v. Greenman
781:Supreme Court service
735:
685:Slaughter-House Cases
677:United States v. Hall
664:Slaughter-House Cases
488:Slaughter-House Cases
417:William Burnham Woods
400:Battle of Bentonville
314:Years of service
32:William Burnham Woods
1905:Charles Evans Hughes
1562:. Lawrence, Kansas:
1533:Macmillan Publishing
1343:. Lanham, Maryland:
958:. pp. 221–225.
795:United States v. Lee
746:John Marshall Harlan
669:Fourteenth Amendment
591:Woods served in the
449:Fourteenth Amendment
2809:Alabama Republicans
2784:Union Army generals
1889:William Howard Taft
1303:Kens, Paul (2012).
1052:H.W. Wilson Company
838:Presser v. Illinois
742:Rutherford B. Hayes
539:admitted to the bar
477:In 1869, President
440:Presser v. Illinois
425:Rutherford B. Hayes
2707:
2043:Associate justices
2027:
1446:Cottrol, Robert J.
1393:. pp. 69–73.
1389:. Washington, DC:
1381:Urofsky, Melvin I.
1009:"William B. Woods"
954:. Washington, DC:
828:Civil Rights Cases
738:
718:separate but equal
653:Woods and Justice
644:circuit judgeships
597:Siege of Vicksburg
584:– was promoted to
574:lieutenant colonel
499:separate but equal
481:appointed Woods a
395:Carolinas Campaign
380:Siege of Vicksburg
370:American Civil War
353:76th Ohio Infantry
304:United States Army
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2032:
2031:
1985:William Rehnquist
1686:
1685:
1677:Succeeded by
1650:Succeeded by
1573:978-0-7006-0946-8
1505:978-1-57607-829-7
1471:978-0-19-517661-2
1428:978-1-0718-3456-5
1400:978-1-933116-48-8
1354:978-0-8476-9604-8
1335:Abraham, Henry J.
1320:978-1-61117-219-5
1286:978-1-56802-130-0
1095:978-0-8160-4194-7
965:978-1-60871-832-0
851:Robert J. Cottrol
655:Joseph P. Bradley
642:created nine new
586:brigadier general
507:associate justice
414:
413:
390:Savannah Campaign
331:Brigadier General
2816:
2759:Ohio Republicans
2695:
2595:
2449:
2387:
2343:
2059:
2038:
2037:
1969:Warren E. Burger
1777:Oliver Ellsworth
1728:
1727:
1718:Justices of the
1712:
1705:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1660:Preceded by
1644:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1584:
1578:
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1553:
1547:
1546:
1523:Fairman, Charles
1519:
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1404:
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1066:
1065:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1001:
970:
969:
945:
903:
898:
897:
896:
865:to replace him.
859:Grover Cleveland
847:Second Amendment
819:Ku Klux Klan Act
806:Native Americans
775:Stanley Matthews
759:Henry J. Abraham
722:Atlanta, Georgia
617:Ulysses S. Grant
593:Battle of Shiloh
582:Charles R. Woods
547:Democratic Party
537:after Woods was
479:Ulysses S. Grant
445:Second Amendment
435:Ku Klux Klan Act
385:Atlanta Campaign
375:Battle of Shiloh
338:
329:
282:
280:
279:
264:Military service
259:
230:Charles R. Woods
203:Washington, D.C.
199:
178:
176:
164:Personal details
150:
142:Seat established
138:
126:
117:
95:
83:
75:Rutherford Hayes
71:
62:
42:
28:
27:
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2813:
2744:Alabama lawyers
2719:
2718:
2717:
2708:
2697:
2696:
2690:
2688:
2590:
2531:J. M. Harlan II
2444:
2382:
2338:
2054:
2045:
2028:
2017:
2016:
1921:Harlan F. Stone
1857:Melville Fuller
1825:Salmon P. Chase
1735:
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1716:
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1506:
1488:
1479:
1472:
1454:Hall, Kermit L.
1443:
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1429:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1377:
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1355:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1264:
1253:
1234:
1230:
1209:
1192:
1167:Warner, Ezra J.
1164:
1157:
1136:
1103:
1096:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1002:
973:
966:
946:
927:
922:
899:
894:
892:
889:
871:
783:
754:circuit justice
730:
695:Colfax massacre
637:
601:Sherman's March
564:, but when the
527:Yale University
515:
460:Yale University
406:
355:
333:
306:
295:
277:
275:
241:Yale University
217:
210:Political party
201:
197:
180:
174:
172:
148:
136:
124:
118:
113:
93:
81:
69:
63:
58:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2822:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2754:Ohio Democrats
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2700:
2698:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2685:(2022–present)
2680:
2679:(2020–present)
2674:
2673:(2018–present)
2668:
2667:(2017–present)
2662:
2661:(2010–present)
2656:
2655:(2009–present)
2650:
2649:(2006–present)
2644:
2638:
2632:
2631:(1991–present)
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2588:
2582:
2576:
2570:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
1998:
1982:
1966:
1950:
1937:Fred M. Vinson
1934:
1918:
1902:
1886:
1870:
1854:
1841:Morrison Waite
1838:
1822:
1809:Roger B. Taney
1806:
1790:
1774:
1758:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1733:Chief justices
1724:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1666:
1663:William Strong
1661:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1628:Legal offices
1621:
1620:
1579:
1572:
1548:
1541:
1511:
1504:
1477:
1470:
1434:
1427:
1406:
1399:
1360:
1353:
1326:
1319:
1292:
1285:
1267:Biskupic, Joan
1251:
1228:
1190:
1155:
1101:
1094:
1067:
1060:
1036:
1029:
1013:Friedman, Leon
971:
964:
924:
923:
921:
918:
917:
916:
911:
905:
904:
888:
885:
870:
867:
801:Elk v. Wilkins
782:
779:
750:William Strong
729:
726:
659:riding circuit
648:Willard Warner
636:
633:
514:
511:
412:
411:
408:
407:
405:
404:
403:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
366:
364:
360:
359:
350:
346:
345:
323:
319:
318:
315:
311:
310:
301:
300:Branch/service
297:
296:
294:
293:
292:
291:
272:
270:
266:
265:
261:
260:
253:
249:
248:
238:
234:
233:
227:
223:
222:
211:
207:
206:
200:(aged 62)
194:
190:
189:
179:August 3, 1824
170:
166:
165:
161:
160:
157:
156:
151:
145:
144:
139:
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
110:
109:
102:
101:
96:
90:
89:
87:William Strong
84:
78:
77:
72:
66:
65:
55:
54:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2821:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2704:
2694:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:* (1972–1986)
2593:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:* (1925–1941)
2447:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:* (1910–1916)
2385:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:* (1894–1910)
2341:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:* (1790–1791)
2057:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2024:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1793:John Marshall
1791:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1761:John Rutledge
1759:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1658:
1654:
1645:
1643:
1640:Judge of the
1635:
1631:
1626:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1583:
1575:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1552:
1544:
1542:0-02-536910-5
1538:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1473:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1430:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1299:
1297:
1288:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1097:
1091:
1087:
1086:Facts on File
1083:
1082:
1074:
1072:
1063:
1061:0-8242-0896-X
1057:
1053:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1030:0-8352-0217-8
1026:
1022:
1021:Chelsea House
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1005:Filler, Louis
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
967:
961:
957:
953:
952:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
925:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
902:
891:
884:
881:
876:
866:
864:
860:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:
834:
830:
829:
824:
820:
816:
815:
809:
807:
803:
802:
797:
796:
791:
790:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
751:
747:
743:
734:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:Louisiana law
702:
700:
696:
692:
691:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
665:
660:
656:
651:
649:
645:
641:
635:Circuit judge
632:
630:
626:
622:
621:John A. Logan
618:
614:
613:major general
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:valedictorian
528:
524:
520:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
495:
490:
489:
484:
483:circuit judge
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
442:
441:
436:
432:
431:
426:
422:
418:
409:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
372:
371:
368:
367:
365:
361:
358:
354:
351:
347:
344:
343:Major General
341:
337:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
309:
305:
302:
298:
290:
287:
286:
285:
284:United States
274:
273:
271:
267:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
239:
235:
231:
228:
224:
220:
216:(before 1863)
215:
212:
208:
204:
195:
191:
187:
183:
171:
167:
162:
158:
155:
152:
146:
143:
140:
134:
131:
130:Ulysses Grant
128:
122:
116:
111:
108:
105:Judge of the
103:
100:
97:
91:
88:
85:
79:
76:
73:
67:
61:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
21:William Woods
2764:Ohio lawyers
2692:
2391:Van Devanter
2284:
2279:J. M. Harlan
2008:
2005:2005–present
2001:John Roberts
1992:
1976:
1960:
1944:
1928:
1912:
1896:
1880:
1864:
1848:
1832:
1816:
1800:
1784:
1768:
1752:
1680:Lucius Lamar
1668:
1638:
1633:
1601:(1): 17–41.
1598:
1592:
1582:
1558:
1551:
1527:
1491:
1457:
1418:
1415:Epstein, Lee
1409:
1385:
1339:
1329:
1305:
1271:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1213:
1171:
1149:
1143:
1084:. New York:
1080:
1050:. New York:
1046:
1039:
1016:
950:
880:carpetbagger
875:Louis Filler
873:The scholar
872:
855:
836:
826:
822:
812:
810:
799:
794:
787:
784:
739:
713:
703:
688:
684:
676:
662:
661:) heard the
652:
638:
590:
551:
519:Newark, Ohio
516:
492:
486:
476:
456:Newark, Ohio
453:
438:
428:
416:
415:
363:Battles/wars
198:(1887-05-14)
196:May 14, 1887
149:Succeeded by
141:
125:Nominated by
114:
99:Lucius Lamar
94:Succeeded by
70:Nominated by
59:
25:
2734:1887 deaths
2729:1824 births
2643:(1994–2022)
2637:(1993–2020)
2625:(1990–2009)
2619:(1988–2018)
2613:(1986–2016)
2607:(1981–2006)
2601:(1975–2010)
2587:(1972–1987)
2581:(1970–1994)
2575:(1967–1991)
2573:T. Marshall
2569:(1965–1969)
2563:(1962–1965)
2557:(1962–1993)
2551:(1958–1981)
2545:(1957–1962)
2539:(1956–1990)
2533:(1955–1971)
2527:(1949–1956)
2521:(1949–1967)
2515:(1945–1958)
2509:(1943–1949)
2507:W. Rutledge
2503:(1941–1954)
2497:(1941–1942)
2491:(1940–1949)
2485:(1939–1975)
2479:(1939–1962)
2477:Frankfurter
2473:(1938–1957)
2467:(1937–1971)
2461:(1932–1938)
2455:(1930–1945)
2441:(1923–1930)
2435:(1923–1939)
2429:(1922–1938)
2423:(1916–1922)
2417:(1916–1939)
2411:(1914–1941)
2405:(1912–1922)
2399:(1911–1916)
2393:(1911–1937)
2379:(1910–1914)
2373:(1906–1910)
2367:(1903–1922)
2361:(1902–1932)
2355:(1898–1925)
2349:(1896–1909)
2335:(1893–1895)
2329:(1892–1903)
2323:(1891–1906)
2317:(1890–1910)
2311:(1888–1893)
2305:(1882–1893)
2299:(1882–1902)
2293:(1881–1889)
2287:(1881–1887)
2281:(1877–1911)
2275:(1873–1882)
2269:(1870–1892)
2263:(1870–1880)
2257:(1863–1897)
2251:(1862–1877)
2245:(1862–1890)
2239:(1862–1881)
2233:(1858–1881)
2227:(1853–1861)
2221:(1851–1857)
2215:(1846–1870)
2209:(1845–1851)
2203:(1845–1872)
2197:(1842–1860)
2191:(1838–1852)
2185:(1837–1865)
2179:(1836–1841)
2173:(1835–1867)
2167:(1830–1844)
2161:(1829–1861)
2155:(1826–1828)
2149:(1823–1843)
2143:(1812–1845)
2137:(1811–1835)
2131:(1807–1826)
2125:(1807–1823)
2119:(1804–1834)
2113:(1800–1804)
2107:(1798–1829)
2101:(1796–1811)
2095:(1793–1806)
2089:(1792–1793)
2083:(1790–1799)
2077:(1790–1795)
2071:(1789–1798)
2065:(1790–1810)
2056:J. Rutledge
1953:Earl Warren
1248:(1): 10–14.
1242:Ohio Lawyer
724:, in 1877.
576:, becoming
558:its speaker
221:(1863–1887)
137:Preceded by
82:Preceded by
2723:Categories
2683:K. Jackson
2501:R. Jackson
2453:O. Roberts
2427:Sutherland
2409:McReynolds
2333:H. Jackson
2303:Blatchford
2123:Livingston
2117:W. Johnson
2105:Washington
2087:T. Johnson
1674:1881–1887
1653:Don Pardee
1647:1869–1880
920:References
861:nominated
744:nominated
629:chancellor
308:Union Army
269:Allegiance
219:Republican
214:Democratic
175:1824-08-03
154:Don Pardee
2671:Kavanaugh
2653:Sotomayor
2592:Rehnquist
2543:Whittaker
1989:1986–2005
1973:1969–1986
1957:1953–1969
1941:1946–1953
1925:1941–1946
1909:1930–1941
1893:1921–1930
1877:1910–1921
1861:1888–1910
1845:1874–1888
1829:1864–1873
1813:1836–1864
1797:1801–1835
1781:1796–1800
1749:1789–1795
1615:145227968
657:(who was
625:ironworks
609:brevetted
566:Civil War
317:1862–1866
252:Signature
237:Education
232:(brother)
226:Relatives
115:In office
60:In office
2635:Ginsburg
2605:O'Connor
2579:Blackmun
2561:Goldberg
2555:B. White
2415:Brandeis
2397:J. Lamar
2340:E. White
2309:L. Lamar
2291:Matthews
2231:Clifford
2225:Campbell
2207:Woodbury
2189:McKinley
2147:Thompson
2099:S. Chase
2093:Paterson
1745:John Jay
1634:New seat
1525:(1987).
1496:ABC-Clio
1448:(2005).
1391:CQ Press
1337:(1999).
1223:12161369
1169:(1964).
1152:: 31–42.
1145:Yearbook
1007:(1969).
956:CQ Press
887:See also
716:upheld "
535:partners
454:Born in
357:XV Corps
349:Commands
2677:Barrett
2665:Gorsuch
2617:Kennedy
2599:Stevens
2549:Stewart
2537:Brennan
2483:Douglas
2459:Cardozo
2439:Sanford
2353:McKenna
2347:Peckham
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2153:Trimble
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