27:
617:(TCCC) interact with wilderness medical practice and protocol development. Moreover, new products and technologies tested in combat are adopted by wilderness medical personnel and vice versa. Experts in wilderness medicine come from various professional groups and specialist backgrounds including the military. More recently, advances in the development of Prolonged Field Care (PFC) guidelines has led to the development of military and civilian PFC courses, such as the international Austere Emergency Care course.
707:
2331:
621:
103:
is a medical specialty concerned with medical care in remote, wilderness and expedition environments. The specialty includes prior planning, public health issues, a number of sub-specialties as well as responding to emergencies. One modern definition of wilderness medicine is "medical care delivered
723:
journal and administer the
Fellowship of the Academy of Wilderness Medicine (FAWM) award. The FAWM was first awarded in 2007 in 28 clinicians (20 men and 8 women). The FAWM continues today and recognised educational activity form a number of providers which provide credit towards the Fellowship.
600:
The epidemiology of wilderness medicine is as broad as the patient groups, geography and activities in question. Common risks to many of these are gastointestinal upset, and minor injuries (ankle sprains, fractures, scrapes and lacerations) as well as the rarer and more serious disorders such as
714:
Few countries provide formal medical accreditation for specialists in wilderness medicine. The credentialing that exists is mostly drawn from professional organisations run for and by wilderness medicine clinicians. As a result, there is a huge variety in the education available for wilderness
869:
who studies "acute respiratory distress" in high altitudes, is applying this research towards COVID-19. He is currently involved in clinical trials which apply the use of inhaled nitric oxide as a treatment for COVID-19. This approach was inspired by the work of associate professor of
Emergency
175:
Wilderness medicine is a varied sub-specialty, encompassing skills and knowledge from many other specialties. The specific curricula will vary but an example can be seen in the curriculum for
Fellowship in the Academy of Wilderness Medicine (FAWM):
111:
The exact aegis of wilderness medicine as a specialty is in constant flux to match the requirements of patients underlying wilderness or remote activities. While wilderness medicine is the preferred terminology for this medical speciality in the
882:. Harris noticed that the consequences of high level altitude sickness on the human body mirrored COVID-19's dysfunctional impact on the lungs. His focus on nitric oxide comes from its role in being able to breathe in high altitudes.
107:
This rapidly evolving field is of increasing importance as more people engage in outdoor activities, with more participants coming from the extremes of age, and with more people engaging in high risk activities.
728:
master's degree has run in partnership between World
Extreme Medicine and the University of Exeter since 2016. There are a number of higher education and specialist qualifications available internationally:
724:
The
College of Remote and Offshore Medicine (CoROM) in Malta offers FAWM credit as well as; undergraduate, postgraduate and short courses in wilderness medicine-related topics. and mountain medicine. An
1665:
139:. The future of extreme, expedition, and wilderness medicine will be defined by both recipients and practitioners, and empirical observations will be transformed by evidence-based practice.
146:
which is focussed on the provision of immediate care to the sick and injured in a wilderness setting, wilderness medicine has a far broader approach. These include but are not limited to:
2073:
1502:
Kiwanuka, Olivia (2015). "High altitude medicine is a concern also for
Swedish primary care. Knowledge needed to identify high risk patients and provide appropriate advice".
1666:"COL (R) Sean Keenan, MD- Special Operations Doc: Training and Execution of Tactical Combat Casualty Care at the Point of Injury | WarDocs - The Military Medicine Podcast"
1785:
2148:
719:
is perhaps the oldest and most well established organisation in this area and has established international reach. The
Wilderness Medical Society produce the
104:
in those areas where fixed or transient geographic challenges reduce the availability of, or alter requirements for, medical or patient movement resources".
1650:
2375:
747:
2098:
119:
Wilderness medicine overlaps with a number of other medical specialties in terms of knowledge base and scope of practice, these most notable include;
858:
in the creation of nitric oxide, which increases oxygen absorption in the lungs. Nitric oxide was also investigated as an experimental therapy for
1447:
2251:
1461:
1411:
932:
26:
2302:
2227:
847:
2368:
2024:
2682:
1858:
897:
757:
720:
602:
2453:
2172:Åkerström, Sara; Mousavi-Jazi, Mehrdad; Klingström, Jonas; Leijon, Mikael; Lundkvist, Åke; Mirazimi, Ali (1 February 2005).
1530:
2335:
1433:
601:
major trauma, heat related illnesses and cardiovascular disease (e.g. cardiac arrest). There are also a number of specific
2122:
1588:
2361:
997:
1369:
1063:
1022:
972:
1922:
917:
120:
826:
FEWM - Fellow of
Extreme and Wilderness Medicine (awarded for achievements and contribution to extreme medicine)
2280:
2255:
2077:
866:
279:
1345:
1168:
614:
2687:
2677:
2448:
2438:
902:
116:, terminology such as extreme medicine, remote medicine or expedition medicine, are used internationally.
2636:
2554:
2526:
2516:
2511:
2443:
2415:
1193:
652:
2341:
1713:
1626:
2384:
2347:
892:
833:
811:
804:
716:
2423:
1563:
2494:
2433:
1651:"Improvised Medicine: Providing Care in Extreme Environments by Kenneth Iserson | Waterstones"
855:
851:
1301:
1110:
1689:
1386:
274:
1809:
1547:
2559:
2152:
871:
249:
163:
2174:"Nitric Oxide Inhibits the Replication Cycle of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus"
1419:
2405:
2099:"What Is Nitric Oxide? How the Gas That Gave Us Viagra Could Help Treat Coronavirus Patients"
1937:"BSc Remote Paramedic Practice | CoROM - College of Remote and Offshore Medicine Foundation"
153:
Secondary care follow up in remote settings, such as expeditions or in humanitarian settings
2521:
2484:
1255:
143:
8:
2463:
2231:
1956:
1042:
942:
922:
243:
46:
1981:"MSc Austere Critical Care | CoROM - College of Remote and Offshore Medicine Foundation"
1923:"Extreme Medicine MSC (Distance) | Postgraduate Taught | University of Exeter"
846:
As of April 2020, studies and trials are underway that examine the possible benefits of
2646:
2574:
2400:
1835:"Ambulance paramedics may get military training in ways to keep queuing patients alive"
1737:
1231:
1091:
1038:
907:
226:
2200:
2173:
1936:
1079:
2651:
2631:
2615:
2605:
2546:
2276:
2205:
1511:
1484:
1448:"Extreme medicine: What it's like being a medic in the world's most dangerous places"
1213:
1130:
1083:
1018:
993:
968:
875:
740:
572:
504:
393:
301:
234:
132:
124:
51:
2190:
1834:
1095:
715:
medicine, with only a few educational institutions specialising in this field. The
2541:
2468:
2195:
2185:
1475:
Kiwanuka, Olivia (May 31, 2023). "Challenges and possibilities with space travel".
1205:
1122:
1111:"Prolonged field care (austere emergency care) principles in UK paramedic practice"
1075:
128:
1980:
1209:
2641:
2584:
2569:
2531:
1062:
Imray, C. H.; Grocott, M. P.; Wilson, M. H.; Hughes, A.; Auerbach, P. S. (2015).
912:
662:
260:
1126:
836:(may be awarded for achievement in extreme, wilderness or expedition medicine)
2303:"How the gas that gave the world Viagra could help treat coronavirus patients"
706:
2671:
2501:
2353:
2074:"Multiple clinical trials test whether NO gas can treat and prevent COVID-19"
1602:
1280:
1217:
1134:
879:
635:
315:
136:
113:
1859:"NSOCM NURSING CARE HANDOUT: Nursing care based on the SHEEP VOMIT mnemonic"
2610:
2564:
2428:
2395:
2209:
1515:
1488:
1087:
581:
486:
474:
2049:"Fellowship of Extreme & Wilderness Medicine | World Extreme Medicine"
937:
496:
490:
266:
2252:"Lessons from the Backcountry in Finding a Potential COVID-19 Treatment"
1761:
156:
The prevention of wilderness medical emergencies, illnesses and injuries
2506:
1627:"Kenneth V. Iserson, MD, MBA, FACEP | Department of Emergency Medicine"
1434:"Devon based Medics4Ukraine share vital work with Ukrainian Ambassador"
1015:
Emergency
Medical Services: Clinical Practice and Systems Oversight, 3e
927:
645:
478:
205:
150:
Prolonged Field Care / Prolonged
Casualty Care / Austere Emergency Care
2048:
697:
Mr Aebhric O’Kelly (Special Operations Medicine, Prolonged Field Care)
2579:
2489:
2458:
2171:
1462:"World Extreme Medicine founder Mark Hannaford is from Beer in Devon"
669:
462:
335:
1903:"Intensive Care for Austere and Remote Environments (ICARE) – CoROM"
2589:
2277:"Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy for Emergency Room COVID-19 Patients"
2102:
1902:
684:
Col Sean Keenan (Prolonged Field Care, Special Operations Medicine)
608:
469:
239:
230:
2330:
541:
691:
340:
Expedition planning, pre- and post-expedition responsibilities
2228:"Applying wisdom from the Himalayas to the ER's COVID battle"
620:
2306:
1281:"Taking Combat Medicine to the EMS and Wilderness Settings"
859:
829:
309:
305:
2005:"Fellowship in the Academy of Wilderness Medicine – CoROM"
73:
dysbarism envenomation heat related illnesses hypothermia
2004:
1412:"Global Extreme Medicine expert receives honorary degree"
1325:
1148:
865:
Brian Strickland, MD, a fellow in Wilderness Medicine at
2149:"'Nose breathing has more benefits than mouth breathing"
1878:
1061:
874:
N. Stuart Harris, who has been studying the effects of
773:
1786:"Interim Faculty Advisory Board (FAB) Members | RCSEd"
638:(January 4, 1951 – June 23, 2021)(Wilderness Medicine)
37:
expedition medicine, austere medicine, remote medicine
710:
Portable hyperbaric chamber used in altitude sickness
1108:
525:
Improvisational medical techniques in the wilderness
1387:"Disease Surveillance and Monitoring | About | CDC"
2123:"Nitric Oxide Investigated as COVID-19 Treatment"
432:Preventive medicine, field sanitation and hygiene
2669:
609:Austere environments interdisciplinary interface
1109:O'Kelly, Aebhric; Mallinson, Tom (2023-09-02).
2383:
2053:Fellowship of Extreme, and Wilderness Medicine
1064:"Extreme, expedition, and wilderness medicine"
878:on mountain climbers, such as those who climb
16:Medical care in remote geographic environments
2369:
2146:
1194:"Wilderness medicine: a fellowship programme"
1915:
1589:"Queen's honour for former West Cumbrian GP"
933:Timeline of medicine and medical technology
841:
788:MSc Extreme Medicine, University of Exeter.
658:Hon Prof. Mark Hannaford (Extreme Medicine)
577:Psychological response to injury and stress
2376:
2362:
2071:
374:Clothing selection for wilderness survival
2221:
2219:
2199:
2189:
1191:
1031:
687:Dr Burjor Langdana (Expedition Dentistry)
568:Pain management in the wilderness setting
290:High-altitude and mountaineering medicine
2300:
2065:
1738:"1#8 Hannah Lock: the expedition doctor"
1501:
1474:
987:
705:
681:Dr Kenneth Iserson (Improvised Medicine)
675:Dr Sean Hudson MBE (Expedition Medicine)
619:
2244:
1663:
981:
962:
821:Fellowships (Contribution to the field)
721:Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
94:Wilderness Medicine Physician/Clinician
2670:
2225:
2216:
2096:
1278:
1013:Cone, David (2021). "Wilderness EMS".
898:List of wilderness medical emergencies
678:Prof Chris Imray (Altitude Physiology)
641:Dr Jon Dallimore (Expedition Medicine)
628:
557:Wilderness Emergencies and Trauma Care
86:Point of care; Ultrasound, blood tests
2454:Advanced emergency medical technician
2357:
1873:
1871:
1832:
1272:
1006:
440:Field sanitation and hygiene measures
2294:
2140:
1568:Expedition & Wilderness Medicine
1545:
1528:
1012:
694:(Expedition & Mountain Medicine)
533:Disaster and Humanitarian Assistance
956:
351:Survival, field craft and equipment
257:Safety and security while traveling
13:
2269:
2090:
1868:
1379:
1362:
1256:"Outdoor Emergencies and Injuries"
990:Auerbach's Wilderness Medicine, 7e
807:™ (3-5 year educational programme)
791:MSc Austere Critical Care (CoROM)
298:Physics and physiology of altitude
14:
2699:
2323:
2147:Glazier, M.D., Eve (2019-11-04).
1833:Boyle, Janet (19 December 2023).
1814:www.specialoperationsmedicine.org
1714:"Wilderness Dentistry - About Us"
1370:"Disease Surveillance Fact Sheet"
1185:
522:Improvised field wound management
501:Nutrition in extreme environments
359:Survival techniques and equipment
2329:
1326:"Austere Emergency Care – CoROM"
1149:"Austere Emergency Care – CoROM"
1039:"Wilderness Medicine Fellowship"
753:DiDMM (Dive and Marine Medicine)
318:on underlying medical conditions
25:
2191:10.1128/JVI.79.3.1966-1969.2005
2165:
2115:
2097:Gander, Kashmira (2020-04-07).
2078:Chemical & Engineering News
2072:Katsnelson, Alla (2020-05-20).
2041:
2017:
1997:
1973:
1949:
1929:
1895:
1851:
1826:
1802:
1778:
1754:
1730:
1718:Wilderness Expedition Dentistry
1706:
1682:
1657:
1643:
1619:
1595:
1581:
1556:
1539:
1522:
1495:
1468:
1454:
1440:
1426:
1404:
1338:
1318:
1294:
1248:
1224:
918:Remote physiological monitoring
772:BSc Remote Paramedic Practice (
595:
565:Pre-hospital patient assessment
198:Physics and physiology of depth
121:Pre-hospital emergency medicine
2683:Wilderness medical emergencies
2281:Massachusetts General Hospital
2256:Massachusetts General Hospital
1603:"Professor Chris Imray - CASE"
1161:
1141:
1102:
1055:
1017:. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
967:. Wolters Kluwer. p. 21.
867:Massachusetts General Hospital
854:. This research is related to
603:wilderness medical emergencies
371:Foot gear and care of the feet
271:Fever in the returned traveler
190:Diving and hyperbaric medicine
1:
1350:Specialized Medical Standards
1306:Specialized Medical Standards
1210:10.12968/jpar.2010.2.10.79206
1198:Journal of Paramedic Practice
1192:Mallinson, Tom (2010-10-22).
1173:Specialized Medical Standards
1115:Journal of Paramedic Practice
1080:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01165-4
949:
810:MFAWM - Master Fellow of the
668:Dr Olivia Kiwanuka (Founder
615:Military Combat Tactical Care
399:Evacuation of injured persons
2449:Emergency medical technician
2439:Emergency medical dispatcher
2301:Meredith, Sam (2020-05-01).
2226:Powell, Alvin (2020-05-06).
1418:. 2021-12-13. Archived from
903:Wilderness medical emergency
701:
624:Casualty extrication by road
215:Tropical and travel medicine
7:
2637:Critical emergency medicine
2555:Kendrick extrication device
2527:Nontransporting EMS vehicle
2517:Light horse field ambulance
2444:Emergency medical responder
1127:10.12968/jpar.2023.15.9.359
885:
856:the role of nasal breathing
613:Insights from the field of
443:Vector control and barriers
254:Women's issues in traveling
159:Public health interventions
10:
2704:
2385:Emergency medical services
2348:Oregon Public Broadcasting
1670:wardocspodcast.podbean.com
1564:"Expedition Medicine Book"
992:. Elsevier. p. 1200.
893:Wilderness Medical Society
834:Royal Geographical Society
812:Wilderness Medical Society
805:Wilderness Medical Society
717:Wilderness Medical Society
587:Prolonged Field Care (PFC)
446:Water purification methods
2624:
2598:
2540:
2477:
2424:Certified first responder
2414:
2391:
1690:"Tutor - Burjor Langdana"
644:Dr Luanne Freer (Founder
275:Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers
90:
79:
64:
41:
33:
24:
2434:Emergency care assistant
1631:emergencymed.arizona.edu
1302:"Austere Emergency Care"
842:Applications to Covid-19
546:Field hospital provision
334:Basic (emergency) field
223:Immunizations for travel
170:
1879:"Master - Overview WMS"
424:kayaking / sailing etc.
166:in austere environments
2153:The Times and Democrat
1961:World Extreme Medicine
1957:"Extreme Medicine MSc"
1742:mountain air | podcast
1664:Development, PodBean.
872:Harvard Medical School
798:Fellowships (Academic)
711:
625:
454:Environmental Medicine
343:Camp safety and layout
164:Critical care medicine
2406:Advanced life support
1535:. Adventure Medicine.
988:Auerbach, PS (2017).
803:FAWM - Fellow of the
709:
665:(Wilderness Medicine)
623:
2522:Motorcycle ambulance
2485:Air medical services
2338:at Wikimedia Commons
1416:University of Exeter
1074:(10012): 2520–2525.
963:Hawkins, SC (2018).
850:in the treatment of
549:Malnutrition therapy
265:Travel and tropical
244:protozoal infections
144:wilderness first aid
2688:Wilderness medicine
2678:Medical emergencies
2657:Wilderness medicine
2464:Emergency physician
2336:Wilderness medicine
2232:The Harvard Gazette
2178:Journal of Virology
2025:"Master Fellowship"
1607:case-medicine.co.uk
1232:"Master - Overview"
1043:Stanford University
943:Expedition medicine
923:History of medicine
655:(Altitude Medicine)
629:Notable Individuals
514:Improvised Medicine
396:theory and practice
368:Hiking and trekking
326:Expedition medicine
250:Traveler's diarrhea
180:
101:Wilderness medicine
47:Expedition medicine
21:
20:Wilderness medicine
2647:Emergency medicine
2575:Spinal precautions
2401:Basic life support
1810:"SOMA | SOMSA Lab"
1546:Kiwanuka, Olivia.
1529:Kiwanuka, Olivia.
908:Emergency medicine
739:DiMM / DipMtnMed (
712:
670:Adventure Medicine
626:
505:Aerospace medicine
495:Cold injuries and
227:Tick-borne illness
184:Scope of Practice
179:
71:Altitude sickness
19:
2665:
2664:
2652:Military medicine
2632:Aviation medicine
2616:Search and rescue
2606:Ambulance station
2343:Wilderness Medics
2334:Media related to
876:altitude sickness
741:Mountain Medicine
593:
592:
573:airway management
394:Search and rescue
385:Search and Rescue
362:Water procurement
235:tropical diseases
133:Disaster medicine
125:Military medicine
98:
97:
58:Aviation medicine
52:Military medicine
2695:
2542:Casualty lifting
2469:Medical director
2378:
2371:
2364:
2355:
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2314:
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2248:
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2241:
2239:
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2223:
2214:
2213:
2203:
2193:
2184:(3): 1966–1969.
2169:
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2113:
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2015:
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1549:Vildmarksmedicin
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1003:
985:
979:
978:
960:
870:Medicine at the
832:- Fellow of the
726:extreme medicine
421:endurance sports
365:Food procurement
181:
178:
129:Humanitarian aid
83:
68:
56:Diving medicine
29:
22:
18:
2703:
2702:
2698:
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2694:
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2692:
2668:
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2666:
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2642:Diving medicine
2620:
2594:
2585:Vacuum mattress
2570:Scoop stretcher
2544:
2536:
2532:Water ambulance
2512:Combination car
2473:
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1896:
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1843:
1841:
1839:The Sunday Post
1831:
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1818:
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1808:
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1803:
1794:
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1790:www.rcsed.ac.uk
1784:
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407:Sports Medicine
377:Land navigation
282:in the traveler
261:Travel medicine
246:in the traveler
204:Dysbarisms and
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1346:"AEC Courses"
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1260:Yale Medicine
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2565:Spinal board
2429:Combat medic
2396:Paramedicine
2342:
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2296:
2285:. Retrieved
2283:. 2020-06-24
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2258:. 2020-06-24
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1960:
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1572:. Retrieved
1570:. 2008-06-12
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1320:
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1305:
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1279:Will Smith.
1274:
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475:Envenomation
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75:major trauma
72:
65:Significant
59:
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42:Subdivisions
1694:rcpsg.ac.uk
1391:www.cdc.gov
938:Aid station
692:Hannah Lock
497:hypothermia
491:dehydration
267:dermatology
2672:Categories
2507:Blood bike
2312:2020-07-05
2287:2020-06-25
2262:2020-06-25
2237:2020-06-25
2158:2020-07-09
2108:2020-06-25
2083:2020-07-14
2058:2022-11-22
2034:2023-02-09
2010:2022-11-22
1990:2022-11-22
1966:2022-11-22
1942:2023-03-19
1908:2023-03-19
1888:2022-11-22
1844:2024-01-02
1819:2022-11-27
1795:2022-11-27
1771:2023-03-04
1762:"About us"
1747:2023-03-04
1723:2023-04-04
1699:2023-04-04
1675:2023-03-19
1636:2022-11-27
1612:2023-04-04
1574:2023-04-04
1532:Going High
1397:2018-11-04
1355:2023-03-19
1331:2023-03-19
1311:2023-03-19
1265:2023-04-04
1241:2023-03-19
1178:2023-04-04
1154:2023-04-04
1048:2020-06-28
950:References
928:Polytrauma
646:Everest ER
571:Emergency
479:toxicology
206:barotrauma
162:Providing
91:Specialist
2580:Stretcher
2490:Ambulance
2459:Paramedic
1552:. Calazo.
1483:(22135).
1218:1759-1376
1135:1759-1376
767:Bachelors
702:Education
463:Lightning
336:dentistry
240:Parasites
2590:Weevac 6
2547:movement
2478:Vehicles
2210:15650225
2132:10 April
2103:Newsweek
1516:26010843
1489:37255319
1096:11441616
1088:26738718
886:See also
852:COVID-19
756:DipROM (
734:Diplomas
470:drowning
465:injuries
67:diseases
34:Synonyms
2495:history
2029:wms.org
1883:wms.org
1864:. 2018.
1236:wms.org
231:malaria
142:Unlike
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542:Triage
2599:Other
2127:WebMD
1862:(PDF)
1373:(PDF)
1092:S2CID
774:CoROM
758:RCSEd
748:RCPSG
634:Prof
171:Scope
82:tests
2545:and
2307:CNBC
2206:PMID
2134:2020
1512:PMID
1485:PMID
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1214:ISSN
1131:ISSN
1084:PMID
1019:ISBN
994:ISBN
969:ISBN
860:SARS
830:FRGS
489:and
477:and
310:HACE
308:and
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280:STDs
242:and
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