222:(EMR) course, which focuses on urban medical emergencies, requires approximately 60 hours of training, while its backcountry counterpart, wilderness first responder course, typically involves 80 hours of training, covering much of what is taught in an EMR course, but with the additional hours spent putting it in a wilderness context. Wilderness first responder training courses focus on teaching the students to assess a situation, improvise solutions using available resources to stabilize the patient, and identify the best way to get the patient to definitive medical treatment. In many courses, students are encouraged to develop the habit of systematically thinking through and documenting their assessment decisions/plans using a
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Responder (WEMR) was born, and the differentiation between the wilderness medicine certification of WFR (primarily for guides, oudoorspeople, and others not formally involved in a response system, and unregulated) and the wilderness EMS certification of WEMR (primarily for formal responders to wilderness emergencies in a regulated system) began.
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In the mid-2000s, the
Department of Transportation (which oversees EMS nomenclature and operations) mandated a national name change removing the formal "First Responder" certification and replacing it with "Emergency Medical Responder". With this action, a new category of Wilderness Emergency Medical
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The training in these courses assumed that definitive care was nearby and could be delivered quickly. Eventually it was realized that this training, while valuable, needed to be supplemented and/or revised to deal with the extended time and limited resources inherent when a medical crisis occurs in a
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The first formal wilderness medical responder class beyond first aid was taught by Carl Weil of
Wilderness Medicine Outfitters, a variant of Advanced Wilderness First Aid for ski patrollers at Colorado State University in 1967. From this beginning a number of courses for wilderness responders beyond
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providers who deal with medical emergencies that occur in wilderness settings. While wilderness first responder can generically refer to anyone providing first response, this term typically refers to individuals trained and certified with specific
Wilderness First Responder (WFR) certification.
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A wilderness first responder is trained to deal with many situations that may be encountered in the wilderness. The training is principally geared towards lay providers, with little to no actual medical experience, though they are often already professionals in other aspects of the outdoors
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Wilderness first responder is abbreviated as WFR. Those with the certification are often called "Woofers". The 21st century EMS equivalent of
Wilderness Emergency Medical Responder is abbreviated as WEMR and those with the certificate are usually described as "Wemmers".
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The first of these classes to specifically grant
Wilderness First Responder certification was taught in 1985 by Frank Hubbell of SOLO and Peter Goth of Wilderness Medical Associates in the Florida S.T.E.P. (Short Term Elective Program) basecamp of Hurricane Island
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published minimum topics for courses claiming to grant WFR certification. In 2016, the
Wilderness Medicine Education Consortium, an industry-led collaborative from multiple wilderness medicine schools, published a recommended scope of practice for WFRs.
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WFR is an unregulated certification. With the abandonment by the
Department of Transportation of the First Responder nomenclature in the 21st century, it now also has no linkage to EMS operations or certifications. In 1999 the
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Today, WFR certification is frequently a prerequisite for professional positions that involve work in the outdoors and students may take courses from numerous nationally recognized providers (see below).
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The EMR portion of WEMR is regulated by state rules and law, and by federal EMS recommendations and policies. The wilderness portion of WEMR is unregulated, and presumably would follow WFR standards.
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began teaching first aid to lay people. Over the years, these organizations trained hundreds of thousands of people in the elements of providing assistance until definitive care could be arranged.
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School. The purpose of creating the course was to provide rangers, outdoor leaders, and guides the necessary knowledge to provide care in crises in the wilderness.
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began teaching the principles of first aid at mining sites and near large railway centers. By the dawn of the 20th century, additional organizations such as the
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are individuals who are trained to respond to emergency situations in remote locations. They are part of a wide variety of
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449:"Wilderness First Responder: Recommended Minimum Course Topics"
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wilderness setting. In the 1950s, organizations such as
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Medical Society Curriculum Committee (1999).
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382:. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer. pp. 36–37.
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