523:
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187:, they have a high sugar and low sulphur content, and thus have a relatively short shelf life. White onions are used in a variety of dishes, such as those of Mexican and European origin. Their uses in dishes often relate to their mild nature, they are often included in dishes to provide a light, fresh and sour taste to dishes and are often added uncooked to dishes such as salads.
441:, enlarging as the disease progresses. On individual plants, signs of Peronospora Destructor can be visible, as fine, furry growths that have a greyish white colour. These growths are susceptible to further infection by diseases such as Purple Blotch of Onion or Stemphylium Leaf Blight of Onion, and if infected, can produce purple pigmentation of lesion and dark
288:
Onion smudge causes damage to the outer scale leaves of the white onion, damaging the cosmetics of the bulb and ultimately reducing its market value. If the smudge is unnoticed in its early stages and the onion is left untreated with other onions. The parasite has the potential to infect the entire
384:
of the foliage tissue of the plant, resulting in dieback and blighting. The lesions are initially often whitish and approximately 1-5mm long, with a light green halo that appears wet surrounding it. The lesion then usually becomes sunken and straw-like into the stages of fungal development and may
335:, which remain detached and dormant in the soil until there are favourable conditions and it can attach itself to a host. Given the resilience of the fungi, it can remain in the soil for over 20 years, rendering many fields unviable for the planting and harvesting of onions.
242:
Due to this flavour profile, white onion is versatile in its uses for food. Its use is oftentimes central to the construction of salads as it provides a fresh, but not overwhelmingly pungent flavour sensation. It is also widely used as a central ingredient in the making of
1330:
284:
in its shells. Onion smudge thrives in damp soil conditions of above 20 degrees
Celsius. The fungus can survive in the soil of onion plantations, and thus is extremely dangerous as it can impact the yield and performance of future crops.
1228:
518:: seeds of the white onion that can be planted into sets in late Spring. While this method may have the longest grow time (up to 4 months for mature bulbs), the onions produced are the least susceptible to disease.
396:(a small mass of fungi capable of thriving in hostile conditions). Such sclerotia is responsible for spreading the pathogen and infecting crops as it has been observed to infect leaves and bulbs of
448:
The
Peronospora Destructor pathogen only produces spores in live hosts, and releases spores at night, when there are cold temperatures and easily be blown across crops and infect other plants.
280:
notes that white onions are especially susceptible to infection of onion smudge due to the lack of pigment in its outer shells, as coloured onion subspecies contain a higher concentration of
376:
in the allium family, particularly onions. The impacts of
Botrytis Leaf Blight are mainly seen in the leaves of the plant. After infection, the fungus causes leaf spot (also known as leaf
500:
started in the current growing period are bought and planted in one's own garden. This method often yields quick bulb growth, but the plants are more vulnerable to disease in maturity.
358:
of the onion, which later becomes compacted and the place of formation for the sclerotia. The fungus thrives in low temperatures and is noticeably dormant during warm temperatures.
247:
as its light flavour does not overpower the other elements of the dish, contributing to a cohesive flavour palette. White onion is also extremely useful as a component in
433:. It is a foliar disease, and causes leaf to become pale green, then tan, brown or yellow and finally collapse. The fungus is extremely infectious to white onion
808:
346:, agricultural equipment or other organic materials, such as plant scales blown by the wind. White Rot may be identified initially by the onion's
289:
crop and cause the degeneration of the scale leaves, premature sprouting and the creation of conditions in which further storage rot may occur.
551:
Intermediate day onions are onions that will form mature bulbs when they are in an environment where they get 12 to 14 hours of sunlight a day.
437:
and can often be first observed by patterns of yellowing within a field of onion crops. Such patterns often correspond to the direction of the
276:(Berk.) Voglino”) is a disease which affects crops of onion subspecies internationally, at all stages of development. Agricultural scientist,
412:
which may further infect crops. Botrytis Leaf Blight thrives in wet and cold temperatures but can still infect outside of these conditions.
1098:
350:, the oldest of which will show yellowing, wilting and leaf dieback, beginning from the base of the allium. A white fluffy growth (
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develop a slit in the lesion. Severely affected plants may result in a significantly smaller bulb size and a blighted appearance.
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863:
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Long-day onions are onions that form bulbs when they are in an environment where they get 14 to 16 hours of sunlight a day.
89:
61:
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as its low astringency allows it to adopt a largely sweet flavour in the dish. It also has many uses in dishes such as
108:
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content than other onion types. Because of this mild and easily palatable flavour, white onions are often used
46:
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813:
Department of
Primary Industries and Regional Development's Agriculture and Food division of Western Australia
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Short-day onions are onions that form bulbs when they are in an environment where they get 10 to 12 hours of
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of great significance in its lifetime. Rather, it exists in the soil as a hardened fungal mass known as
57:
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from the previous harvest are not allowed to mature and are dried. These bulbs are used in the current
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Different varieties of onions vary in the time of year at which a mature white onion is cultivated:
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climates as it requires moisture for infection of hosts. It is most prevalent in late
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231:. When raw white onion is soaked after being finely chopped, it adopts a relatively
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White onions have a distinctively mild flavour palette in comparison to other onion
1896:
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piles and in infected onion bulbs. The disease can be found worldwide, but favours
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2044:
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1253:"Why Planting Onion Seeds is Better Than Planting Sets (and how to do it right)"
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1331:"Map & Key Features of Long-Day, Intermediate-Day & Short-Day Onions"
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of 6-7 is optimal. At times when the pH of the soil for onions is below 5.5,
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White Rot can spread throughout a field, or from field to field by means of
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University of
California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program
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https://www.bonappetit.com/story/types-of-onions-what-theyre-best-for
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James
Charles Walker, “Disease Resistance in the Vegetable Crops”.
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208:
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1130:"Downy mildew and purple blotch are here in Michigan onion fields"
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1283:"Types of Onions to Plant | Choosing the Onion Varieties for You"
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which have a distinct light and mild flavour profile. Much like
1978:
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and have a lighter flavour on account of their relatively high
147:
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303:) (also known as Allium Root Rot) is a notorious and severe
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University of
California Integrated Pest Management Program
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Purdue
University Department of Botany and Plant Pathology
1400:
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949:"Onion-Botrytis Leaf Blight(Botrytis squamosa Walker)"
662:, All the Types of Onions, and What They're Best For
190:
1155:"A Practical Guide for Growing Every Type of Onion"
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
262:
1307:"Onions, But No Tears - Growing Short Day Onions"
751:"Identify, Prevent and Treat Onion Rot in the UK"
2099:
953:Cornell University Department of Plant Pathology
573:supply is inadequate and at a pH of above 6.5,
388:The Botrytis Leaf Blight pathogen survives the
404:stored on the surface of the soil may produce
1416:
1180:"Working with Onion Transplants - Garden.org"
717:"Onion and Tomato Salsa Recipe - NYT Cooking"
679:"Sweet Onion & Vinegar Coleslaw Dressing"
698:"Tangy cabbage slaw recipe - BBC Good Food"
479:
372:) is a fungal disease which mainly affects
1423:
1409:
1229:"Start Onions From Seed in February–March"
452:spores of Onion Downy Mildew are known as
129:
979:"Diagnosis and Control of Onion Diseases"
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1127:
809:"Biosecurity alert: white rot in garlic"
521:
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327:is unique in that it does not produce
179:(“sweet onion”) are a cultivar of dry
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424:is a disease that is caused by the
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558:For most white onion varieties, a
354:) may be found at the base of the
307:which impacts most members of the
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14:
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259:because of this low astringency.
207:onions. They are distinctly less
191:Flavour profile and culinary uses
2082:
2081:
2067:Garlic Is as Good as Ten Mothers
1128:Hausbeck, Mary (July 23, 2014).
888:"How to Control Onion White Rot"
623:The Deerholme Vegetable Cookbook
594:
235:flavour profile as it loses its
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272:The parasitic ‘Onion Smudge’ (“
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263:Diseases affecting white onions
34:needs additional citations for
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585:are less present in the soil.
484:There are multiple methods of
1:
1099:"Downy Mildew - Leeks/Onions"
607:
392:much like White Rot does, as
1379:"Crop Guide: Growing Onions"
917:"Overview of Onion Diseases"
7:
1014:Royal Horticultural Society
783:Royal Horticultural Society
10:
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2005:Beurre à la bourguignonne
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668:Retrieved 13 October 2020
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2050:syn-Propanethial-S-oxide
1204:"How to Grow Onion Sets"
480:Planting of white onions
274:Colletotrichum circinans
740:, 7(9) (June 1941), 483
664:. Published May, 2020.
1506:Common / Bulb
864:"Sclerotium cepivorum"
537:
456:which can be found in
430:Peronospora destructor
366:Botrytis Leaf Blight (
1964:List of garlic dishes
1496:Cipolla di Giarratana
683:A Farmgirl's Drabbles
525:
1797:List of onion dishes
1486:Bangalore rose onion
1071:"Onion Downy Mildew"
1010:"Onion Downy Mildew"
603:at Wikimedia Commons
496:: a method by which
362:Botrytis Leaf Blight
300:Sclerotium cepivorum
278:James Charles Walker
43:improve this article
1335:www.johnnyseeds.com
1103:Bayer Crop Sciences
862:Cherry, Katherine.
815:. October 28, 2016.
2070:(1980 documentary)
2040:Diallyl trisulfide
721:The New York Times
538:
503:Onion Sets: small
416:Onion Downy Mildew
311:family, including
223:in dishes such as
2095:
2094:
2035:Diallyl disulfide
1950:
1949:
1783:
1782:
1385:. 29 October 2018
1355:"Onion Varieties"
1159:Good Housekeeping
779:"White Onion Rot"
696:Jennifer, Joyce.
642:. bbcgoodfood.com
599:Media related to
369:Botrytis squamosa
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2021:Garlic and onion
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2007:(garlic butter)
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1046:. February 2019
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685:. 7 May 2018.
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58:"White onion"
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2065:
2023:constituents
2004:
1994:Garlic bread
1989:Garlic press
1969:Black garlic
1888:
1775:…yosemitense
1770:…victorialis
1755:…tuolumnense
1660:…cratericola
1600:…aflatunense
1581:
1520:
1445:
1431:
1387:. Retrieved
1382:
1373:
1362:. Retrieved
1358:
1349:
1338:. Retrieved
1334:
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1314:. Retrieved
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1290:. Retrieved
1286:
1261:. Retrieved
1259:. 2017-01-26
1256:
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1236:. Retrieved
1232:
1223:
1212:. Retrieved
1210:. 2017-12-16
1207:
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1187:. Retrieved
1183:
1174:
1163:. Retrieved
1161:. 2020-05-21
1158:
1106:. Retrieved
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838:. Retrieved
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644:. Retrieved
634:
628:Google Books
626:, p. 24, at
621:
616:
601:White onions
557:
539:
526:White onion
483:
447:
428:
422:Downy Mildew
419:
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365:
337:
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273:
271:
268:Onion Smudge
241:
199:such as the
194:
174:
170:
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146:
135:White onions
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2012:Garlic soup
1956:Garlic food
1932:…triquetrum
1902:…drummondii
1839:Sogan-dolma
1817:Flammkuchen
1750:…triquetrum
1730:…stipitatum
1690:…platycaule
1675:…fistulosum
1670:…cristophii
1625:…bisceptrum
1620:…atrorubens
1610:…amplectens
1595:…acuminatum
1389:November 3,
1383:Haifa Group
1108:November 1,
1019:November 4,
921:www.uvm.edu
869:November 4,
840:November 3,
830:"White Rot"
788:November 4,
760:November 4,
620:Bill Jones
494:Transplants
380:), and the
297:White Rot (
237:astringency
176:Allium cepa
171:White onion
162:Allium cepa
124:White onion
2102:Categories
1984:Garlic oil
1974:Persillade
1897:…canadense
1829:Onion ring
1812:Onion cake
1789:Onion food
1760:…unifolium
1745:…tricoccum
1725:…stellatum
1710:…shevockii
1705:…sanbornii
1685:…monanthum
1640:…caeruleum
1630:…bolanderi
1364:2020-09-05
1340:2020-11-05
1316:2020-11-05
1292:2020-11-05
1263:2020-11-05
1238:2020-11-05
1214:2020-11-05
1189:2020-11-05
1184:garden.org
1165:2020-11-05
988:2020-09-05
958:2020-09-05
926:2020-11-05
897:2020-11-04
640:"Glossary"
608:References
571:molybdenum
382:maceration
225:sandwiches
185:red onions
69:newspapers
1680:…koreanum
1655:…chinense
1635:…burlewii
1590:…abramsii
1311:ANR Blogs
735:Botanical
579:manganese
567:magnesium
535:sprouting
533:soft and
498:seedlings
458:volunteer
402:Pathogens
394:sclerotia
344:rainwater
333:sclerotia
249:fermented
197:cultivars
99:June 2017
2087:Category
1942:…vineale
1937:…ursinum
1855:Elephant
1802:Blooming
1765:…validum
1735:…textile
1700:…punctum
1695:…praecox
1665:…crispum
1650:…cernuum
1543:Scallion
1501:Cocktail
546:sunlight
528:seedling
486:planting
460:onions,
454:oospores
426:oomycete
398:sprouted
352:mycelium
253:coleslaw
215:and low
2059:Related
2030:Allicin
1922:…roseum
1917:…nigrum
1889:Allium…
1834:Pickled
1615:…anceps
1582:Allium…
1563:Vidalia
1548:Shallot
1448:species
1075:GrowVeg
892:GrowVeg
646:27 June
410:conidia
406:asexual
400:crops.
378:lesions
217:sulphur
209:pungent
156:Species
83:scholar
2113:Onions
1979:Pistou
1538:Potato
1511:Yellow
1491:Calçot
1458:Garlic
1453:Chives
1446:Allium
1433:Allium
738:Review
548:a day.
514:Onion
509:season
492:Onion
474:Summer
470:Spring
443:spores
420:Onion
390:winter
374:plants
348:leaves
329:spores
325:fungus
313:garlic
309:allium
257:salsas
229:salads
205:yellow
148:Allium
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1907:…moly
1807:Fried
1553:Sweet
1533:Pearl
1521:White
1468:Onion
516:Seeds
505:bulbs
466:humid
435:crops
340:flood
321:onion
317:leeks
245:stews
233:sweet
213:sugar
181:onion
142:Genus
90:JSTOR
76:books
1870:Solo
1558:Tree
1463:Leek
1391:2020
1110:2020
1082:2020
1052:2020
1021:2020
871:2020
842:2020
790:2020
762:2020
648:2017
583:iron
581:and
575:zinc
569:and
560:soil
531:bulb
462:cull
356:bulb
319:and
227:and
203:and
62:news
1516:Red
342:or
221:raw
201:red
173:or
45:by
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