619:
Because they came en masse as assisted migrants into an alien culture, the
Chinese tended to live and work together and, mostly having been bonded in China to work in parties of ten or so for Chinese merchants, they lacked conspicuously the individualism of Westerners ... They had crowded together at Ballarat by March 1854, over a year before official moves were made to segregated them ... Few could speak English - and even fewer Englishmen understood Chinese ... they were a threat to the independence of the diggers; they moved in swarms across old workings that Europeans reserved for bad times ... They also offended by washing for gold at waterholes set aside by general agreement for domestic purposes. Their overwhelming numbers and the way they drew upon their national tradition as irrigators meant that they were anyway large users of water ... Numbers alone made the Chinese a formidable economic and social threat.
577:, have criticised such use by "those who ludicrously brandish it as a symbol of white Australia". However, the Lambing Flat banner that features the Southern Cross superimposed over a Saint Andrew's cross with the inscription "ROLL UP. ROLL UP. NO CHINESE". It has been claimed that the banner, which served as an advertisement for a public meeting held prior to the Lambing Flat riots, was inspired by the Eureka Flag. Nationalists have also maintained an oral tradition where the Eureka Flag was seen again on display outside NSW parliament house in 1878 at a protest brought about by the use of Chinese labour on ships at
546:
22:
82:
87:
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77:
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the influx of such large numbers of a pagan and inferior race is a very serious one ... The statement of one of this people, that "all" were coming, comprises an unpleasant possibility of the future, that a comparative handful of colonists may be buried in a countless throng of
Chinamen ... some step is here necessary, if not to prohibit, at least to check and diminish this influx.
644:
A most serious social question with reference to the gold-fields, and one that has lately crept on with rapid but almost unobserved steps, is with reference to the great number of the
Chinese. This number, although already almost incredible, yet appears to be still fast increasing ... The question of
604:
Marjorie
Barnard, in her short history of Australia, says that the trouble began in 1853 when the Chinese began to arrive, many of whom "were coolies sent by their masters at a low wage to mine in Australia. All the gold they won went out of the country. Their industry, their frugal habit of life,
618:
Of all foreigners on the
Victorian goldfields, none were as quaint, as numerous or as self-contained as the Chinese. And none posed as great a social problem ... Of the fervour of Australian nationalism and the social aspirations which had brought Europeans in quest of gold they were ignorant ...
640:, the final report of the Victorian Goldfields Commission was presented to Lieutenant Governor Charles Hotham on 27 March 1855. Concerning the tensions caused by the presence of Chinese miners on the goldfields, the report states inter alia:
627:
has stated: "The
Chinese were detested as an inferior race, as the harbingers of degrading pagan immorality, and as alien competitors for the bread which the miners required for themselves and families."
608:
C.N. Connelly has observed that "While the
Chinese remained almost as rare as Maoris and Negroes, they had little trouble. When they began to assemble in large groups... attitudes changed".
605:
their unwillingness to take any part in the community, all offended the diggers. They accused them of immortality, of wasting water, of making no contribution to the common weal".
39:
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1101:
1061:
334:
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Numerous authors have mentioned the antipathy of the
European miners towards the presence of Asiatics on the goldfields, including
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525:
329:
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988:
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of the 20th century. The Eureka Flag is often featured on bumper stickers with white nationalist political slogans, and the
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296:
196:
1116:
582:
442:
316:
236:
649:
The legislative remedy came in the form of a poll tax, assented to on 12 June 1855, made payable by
Chinese immigrants.
408:
241:
844:
518:
276:
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and the eventual implementation of
Victoria's Chinese poll tax in 1855 as a milestone in the formation of the 1901
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137:
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581:. Another flag similar to the Eureka Flag was seen prominently flown over a camp during the
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837:
Report from the Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Condition of the Goldfields
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358:
311:
291:
201:
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66:
909:'Miners' Rights, Who Are Our Enemies?: Racism and the Working Class in Australia'
477:
403:
601:, who has noted: "The Chinese ... were conspicuous by their absence at Eureka".
152:
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An Act to make provision for certain Immigrants 1855. Victoria. 1855.
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has incorporated it into their official logo. Many, including
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681:
871:
Lucky City, The First Generation at Ballarat, 1851–1901
765:
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632:
Commission of Inquiry report and the Chinese poll tax
30:
A request that this article title be changed to
717:
1025:
History of Ballarat and Some Ballarat Reminiscences
729:
705:
693:
777:
741:
1043:
593:Victorian colonial attitudes towards the Chinese
526:
335:40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot
940:Eureka: Rebellion Beneath the Southern Cross
47:this article until the discussion is closed.
981:Flags Through the Ages and Across the World
557:White nationalists in Australia recall the
915:
687:
549:The Roll Up Banner was devised during the
533:
519:
906:
834:
807:
771:
544:
321:Victorian police in the Eureka Rebellion
59:This article is part of a series on the
1027:. Ballarat: Ballarat Heritage Service.
1019:
873:. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.
853:
795:
759:
1102:Anti-immigration politics in Australia
1044:
975:
887:
711:
699:
330:William Wright (Australian politician)
956:
735:
997:
937:
865:
783:
747:
723:
297:Robert Nickle (British Army officer)
197:British army in the Eureka Rebellion
15:
1097:Anti-Chinese sentiment in Australia
1087:History of immigration to Australia
911:. Neutral Bay: Hale and Ironmonger.
443:Eureka Rebellion in popular culture
317:Vexillology of the Eureka Rebellion
237:John Foster (Australian politician)
13:
923:. Sydney: Random House Australia.
409:1855 Victorian high treason trials
85:
14:
1128:
1112:Anti-Asian sentiment in Australia
921:Eureka: The Unfinished Revolution
623:In his local history of Ballarat
277:List of Eureka Stockade defenders
1072:19th century in Victoria (state)
1062:History of Australia (1851–1900)
839:. Melbourne: Red Rooster Press.
583:1894 Australian shearers' strike
501:
458:The Eureka Stockade (1855 novel)
80:
75:
20:
828:
813:
222:Eureka Stockade (fortification)
34:Racism and the Eureka Rebellion
1107:White nationalism in Australia
861:. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
96:by John Black Henderson (1854)
1:
674:
638:Battle of the Eureka Stockade
448:Eureka Stockade Memorial Park
182:Anti-Gold Licence Association
1077:Victoria (state) gold rushes
835:Anderson, Hugh, ed. (1978).
473:Eureka Stockade (miniseries)
227:Forest Creek Monster Meeting
7:
1067:History of Victoria (state)
983:. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill.
652:
563:Immigration Restriction Act
468:Eureka Stockade (1949 film)
463:Eureka Stockade (1907 film)
10:
1133:
1117:White supremacy in Oceania
1003:Australia: A short history
959:Sons of the Southern Cross
272:John King (police officer)
961:. Sydney: HarperCollins.
384:John Manning (journalist)
207:Charles Pasley (engineer)
957:Kieza, Grantlee (2014).
636:In the aftermath of the
483:William Bramwell Withers
453:Eureka Stockade Monument
938:Gold, Geoffrey (1977).
907:Connelly, C.N. (1978).
325:William Edward Atherden
1082:White Australia policy
888:Cayley, Frank (1966).
859:A History of Australia
664:White Australia Policy
647:
621:
587:Barcaldine, Queensland
567:White Australia Policy
554:
433:Australian nationalism
247:Henry Richard Nicholls
242:Henry Christopher Wise
187:Ballarat Reform League
138:Australian gold rushes
90:
1005:. Sydney: Ure Smith.
669:Australia First Party
642:
616:
571:Australia First Party
548:
89:
508:Australia portal
369:Henry Samuel Chapman
364:Butler Cole Aspinall
267:John Basson Humffray
173:The Eureka Rebellion
94:Eureka Stockade Riot
1057:Australian folklore
942:. Adelaide: Rigby.
892:. Adelaide: Rigby.
810:, pp. 102–105.
565:that enshrined the
438:Eureka Jack Mystery
379:John Joseph (rebel)
350:High treason trials
302:Robert William Rede
158:Victorian gold rush
148:Revolutions of 1848
798:, p. 214-215.
555:
551:Lambing Flat riots
307:Sir Charles Hotham
91:
1092:Politics and race
1034:978-1-87-647878-0
1012:978-0-72-540473-4
990:978-0-07-059093-9
968:978-0-73-333156-5
949:978-0-72-700256-3
930:978-1-74-275525-0
917:FitzSimons, Peter
899:978-9-04-010451-0
880:978-0-52-284157-2
855:Barnard, Marjorie
726:, pp. 92–93.
543:
542:
399:William à Beckett
394:Sir Redmond Barry
389:Raffaello Carboni
52:
51:
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1052:Eureka Rebellion
1038:
1021:Withers, William
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659:Eureka Rebellion
575:Peter FitzSimons
559:Eureka Rebellion
535:
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510:
506:
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425:
359:Archibald Michie
351:
312:Suffolk Regiment
202:Charles La Trobe
192:Bendigo Petition
174:
130:
111:Military leaders
84:
79:
69:
68:Eureka Rebellion
60:
54:
53:
40:under discussion
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688:FitzSimons 2012
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625:William Withers
595:
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494:
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478:Charles Doudiet
427:
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415:
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404:William Stawell
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282:Miner's licence
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786:, p. 150.
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762:, p. 261.
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890:Flag of Stars
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846:0-9596490-1-8
842:
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809:
808:Anderson 1978
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797:
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774:, p. 44.
773:
772:Connelly 1978
768:
761:
756:
750:, p. 73.
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579:Circular Quay
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374:Henry Seekamp
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257:Henry Seekamp
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232:Fredrick Vern
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212:Edward Thonen
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999:Ward, Russel
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867:Bate, Weston
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829:Bibliography
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796:Withers 1999
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760:Barnard 1962
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262:James Scobie
93:
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31:
29:
712:Smith 1975a
700:Cayley 1966
612:Weston Bate
599:Russel Ward
287:Peter Lalor
217:Eureka Flag
45:do not move
1046:Categories
736:Kieza 2014
675:References
252:Henry Ross
979:(1975a).
784:Bate 1978
748:Ward 1979
724:Gold 1977
43:. Please
1023:(1999).
1001:(1979).
919:(2012).
869:(1978).
857:(1962).
653:See also
143:Chartism
106:Timeline
553:in 1861
488:Len Fox
129:Origins
1031:
1009:
987:
965:
946:
927:
896:
877:
843:
424:Legacy
116:Siege
1029:ISBN
1007:ISBN
985:ISBN
963:ISBN
944:ISBN
925:ISBN
894:ISBN
875:ISBN
841:ISBN
585:at
38:is
1048::
589:.
1037:.
1015:.
993:.
971:.
952:.
933:.
902:.
883:.
849:.
534:e
527:t
520:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
