999:
produce their licences. Government forces fire a warning volley over the miner's heads as a number are taken into custody and held at the government camp. With Ross acting as the standard bearer for the Eureka flag, rebel columns approach Bakery Hill. About 1,000 desperate and angry men under Lalor, Ross, Vern and
Carboni begin constructing a rudimentary entrenchment of diagonal spikes and overturned horse carts. In the afternoon, prospecting on the Eureka lead ceases as another meeting takes place as Lalor, who was the only leading light of the mining tax protest movement in attendance, takes the initiative by mounting the stump at the masthead and proclaiming liberty. And then, according to Hotham's words: "the Australian flag of independence was solemnly consecrated and vows proffered for its defence". Rede receives intelligence that the outpost may be attacked at 4 pm the next day. Captain Pasley also shares fears the situation is coming to a violent head and asks his commanders for more men and a battery of cannons.
1005:
fortify their position as 300-400 men arrive from
Creswick Creek to join the struggle. The arrival of this group, who must be armed, fed and housed, places great strain on the stockade's resources. Major General Sir Robert Nickle leaves Melbourne for Ballarat with 800 men. Raffaello Carboni, George Black and Father Smyth meet with Commissioner Rede to present a peace proposal. Rede is suspicious of the chartist undercurrent of the anti-mining tax movement and rejects the proposals as being the way forward. In his book, Carboni would seem to recall this meeting as taking place on 30 November.
754:
required to carry their permits that are to be open for immediate inspection at all times. The reduction is welcomed by the malcontents, thereby temporarily relieving tensions in the colony. In
November, the select committee bill proposes a licence fee of 1 pound for one month, 2 pounds for three months, 3 for six months and 5 pounds for 12 months, extending the franchise and land rights for miners. La Trobe amends the scheme by increasing the six monthly licences to 4 pounds, with a fee of 8 pounds for 12 months.
905:
the local command. However, another much objected-to official, assistant commissioner
Johnstone, would be retaining his assignment. At 2 pm, a crowd of 10,000-15,000 appeared on Bakery Hill, where it was resolved to appropriate funds for the legal defence of McIntyre and Fletcher and censure the local officialdom for the Eureka Hotel fire. In the evening, there were reports received that another large body of miners was on the move towards the government outpost, as the police and military remained on high alert.
46:
51:
1011:
under James McGill arrive at the stockade in the late afternoon. In a fateful decision, McGill would eventually take most of his force on a mission to intercept rumoured
British reinforcements en route from the capital. A meeting of around 600 people in Pall Mall, Sandhurst, hears a report on the unfolding events in Ballarat. A local speaker calls for the miners to wear the red ribbon in their hats as a sign of solidarity with the Eureka rebels.
467:
41:
993:
by
Catholic Bishop Gould of Victoria and fathers Dowling and Smyth. However, with the Eureka flag making its first appearance on the platform, the men of peace were drowned out by a largely unsympathetic audience. According to the folklore, Fredrick Vern incited a number of diggers to burn their mining permits on a bonfire as spies from the government camp looked on.
1017:
including figures from Lalor's letter to the colonists of
Victoria, up to 30 rebels and non-combatants are said to have been killed during what the British commander Captain Thomas would describe as "a trifling affair," with an official total of four soldiers losing their lives. Around 120 prisoners are taken captive and marched to the government camp.
1169:
16 July 1855: Victorian
Constitution enacted at Westminster. Hotham received a transmission signed by Lord Russell on 20 July with the Constitution Act and the order in council from Queen Victoria's 21 July royal assent. On 23 November, Hotham proclaimed the enactment of the new colonial constitution
1010:
2 December 1854: Father Smyth issues a plea for
Catholics to down their arms and attend mass the following day. In the vicinity of the Eureka Stockade, Assistant commissioner Gilbert Amos had his horse confiscated by the rebel garrison and was briefly held hostage. The Independent Californian Rangers
969:
20 November 1854: The miners
Westerby, Fletcher and McIntyre are convicted for the burning of the Eureka Hotel and, in turn, were sentenced to jail terms of six, four and three months. The jury recommended the prerogative of mercy be involved and noted that they held the local authorities in Ballarat
737:
29 August 1853: Assistant commissioner Robert Rede at Jones Creek, which along with Sandhurst were known hotbeds of activity for the Red Ribbon movement, counsels that a peaceful, political solution can still be found. In Ballarat, activists offered to surround the guard tent to protect gold reserves
710:
20 August 1853: Just as an angry mob of 500-600 miners went to assemble outside the Government Camp at Waranga, the authorities caved in as a convenient legal technicality was found to release some mining licence evaders. A meeting in Beechworth calls for reducing the licence fee to ten shillings and
687:
16 July 1853: An anti-licence demonstration in Sandhurst attracted 6000 people where the issue of lack of electoral rights was raised. The high commissioner of the goldfields, William Wright, advised La Trobe of his support for an export duty on gold found rather than the current universal tax on all
1041:
6 December 1854: Committal proceedings in relation to the rebel prisoners begin in Ballarat with Magistrate E. P. S. Sturt presiding. A 6000-strong gathering at Saint Paul’s Cathedral disapproves of the government response, and there is much approval of certain demands made by the chartists. Similar
931:
30 October 1854: Hotham appoints a board of enquiry into the murder of James Scobie, which will sit in Ballarat on the 2nd and the 10th of November. The panel includes Melbourne magistrate Evelyn Sturt, assisted by his local magistrate Hackett and William McCrea. After receiving representations from
887:
17 October 1854: Peter Lalor acted as secretary for the committee, convening a mass meeting to call for a reinvestigation of the James Scobie murder case. Around 10,000 people were in attendance. As the afternoon progressed, the assembly culminated in the Eureka Hotel arson attack as security forces
860:
7 October 1854: Murder of James Scobie outside the Eureka Hotel at around 1 am. A colonial inquiry held later that day finds allegations of murder against the owner James Bently, cannot be supported by reliable identification evidence. Rede reports that the licence inspections at increased intervals
681:
2 July 1853: Police are assaulted in the vicinity of an anti-licence meeting at the Sandhurst gold field in Bendigo with rocks being thrown as they escort an intoxicated miner to the holding cells. The unlawful but peaceful strategy of the Red Ribbon Movement was for supporters to only hand over the
1123:
27 March 1855: The final report of the Royal Commission into the Victorian goldfields is presented to Hotham. The key recommendations are that: the existing arrangements be terminated, the gold licence replaced by an export duty on gold, extending voting rights to holders of a current mining permit
1064:
14 December 1854: The Gold Fields Commission sits for the first time. The first Ballarat session of the Gold Fields Commission was held at Bath’s Hotel on 18 December 1854, with the miners allowed representation at all open hearings. Westgarth is made the chairman as Hanies' place on the commission
998:
30 November 1854: After ordering a licence hunt under commissioner Johnstone which was fiercely resisted by the miners who send a hail of rocks showering down from the gravel pits on the Eureka lead, Rede appears to read the riot act as miners, who from that morning had started refusing en masse to
992:
29 November 1854: A mass "monster" meeting takes place on Bakery Hill with over 10,000 supporters in attendance to hear that the three convicted men will continue to serve their sentence. Humffray continues to champion his "moral force" argument, as his call for non-violent resistance was supported
790:
March 1854: The Bill to Extend the Elective Franchise, which as proposed and passed by the legislature on 19 January, attaches voting rights to 12 month mining licences subject to certain residency requirements, is drawn up by the Legislative Council and sent to London for the assent of the British
1058:
11 December 1854: John Forster, the colonial secretary, resigns to be replaced by W.C. Haines. An inquest into the death of Henty Powell, who, while mortally wounded, makes an affidavit to the effect he was an innocent bystander and a considerable distance away when he was fired at by clerk of the
980:
27 November 1854: A Ballarat Reform League delegation, including Humffray, Black and Kennedy, meets with Hotham, Attorney General Stawell and Colonial Secretary Foster to negotiate the release of the three Eureka Hotel rioters. Hotham does not accede to the miner’s request, taking exception to the
957:
16 November 1854: Hotham sends a message to England which reveals his intention to establish an inquiry into goldfields grievances. Notes to the royal commissioners had already been made on 6 November, where Hotham stated his opposition to an export duty on gold replacing the universal mining tax.
904:
22 October 1854: A mass meeting of predominantly Catholic miners takes place on Bakery Hill in protest over the treatment of Father Smyth’s servant and resolves to send Timothy Hayes to meet with commissioner Rede. At the meeting, the delegation was informed of the dismissal of constable Lord from
1075:
23 December 1854: Hotham informs the head of the gold commission William Wright that the ambit of the royal inquiry should not include the events of 3 December at Bakery Hill or claims for compensation. He would later say that there had been a miscommunication after complaints from members of the
1004:
1 December 1854: At 4 am, the rebels were observed to be massing on Bakery Hill, but a government raiding party found the area vacated. Again Rede orders the riot act read to a mob that had gathered around Bath's Hotel, with mounted police breaking up the unlawful assembly. The rebels continue to
915:
25 October 1854: Another crowd of predominantly Roman Catholics attends a meeting convened by Hayes and Manning, which reports on the result of the deputation to Commissioner Rede. The meeting resolves to petition the Hotham seeking a retrial of Gregorius and the removal of assistant commissioner
876:
12 October 1854: An coronial inquest conducted by Magistrate Dews and commissioners Rede and Johnstone finds no evidence of culpability by the Bently Hotel owners for the fatal injuries amid allegations the Magistrate had a conflict of interest presiding over a case involving Bently, a friend and
655:
3 February 1853: After a policeman accidentally caused the death of Mr William Guest, assistant commissioner James Clow had to diffuse a difficult situation with a promise to conduct an inquiry into the circumstances, as a group of one thousand angry miners at Reid's Creek overruns the government
753:
24 September 1853: An Act for the Better Management of the Goldfield is passed, which upon receiving royal assent on 1 December, reduces the licence fee to 40 shillings for three months. There is a scale of fines in the order of 5, 10 and 15 pounds for repeat offenders, with goldfields residents
630:
2 October 1852: At Lever Flat near Bendigo, the miners would attempt to respond to rising crime levels by forming a "Mutual Protection Association" with a pledge to withhold the licence fee and build detention centres so that nightly armed patrols could begin, with vigilantes dispensing summary
1016:
3 December 1854: The Battle of the Eureka Stockade takes place in Ballarat. A 15-minute siege ensues as 276 soldiers and foot police under Captain Thomas make their way to the rebel position at 3.30 am to besiege a rebel garrison that was down to 120-200 armed insurgents. Based on information,
986:
28 November 1854: More British redcoats arrive as elements, including the 12th regiment, are called in to reinforce the town garrison. As they moved alongside where the Eureka Stockade was to be erected, the military convoy was looted. A drummer boy and several other members of the convoy were
951:
11 November 1854: It is formally moved at a public meeting on Bakery Hill that the Ballarat Reform League be established at a meeting of up to 10,000 people. The political ideals enunciated by the approved charter were inspired by 19th-century English Chartism and the right to vote. They also
898:
21 October 1854: Arrests begin in the Eureka Hotel case as Andrew McIntyre and Thomas Fletcher are taken into custody to answer allegations of arson. A third man, Westerby, would also be indicted. A meeting of miners on Bakery Hill agrees to indemnify the bail sureties for McIntyre and
698:
12 August 1853: The Bendigo digger's flag is unfurled at a rally held at View Point, where it was reported there was a multinational display of ethnic and revolutionary flags paraded as a crowd of between 4,000-12,000 demonstrators hear reports from a delegation sent to meet La
1076:
panel, who were nevertheless advised the judiciary was the most appropriate forum to hear claims for damages and also that in the interests of preserving the peace, it may be unwise to criticise the administration for regrettable actions made during the heat of the battle.
839:
26 August 1854: Lieutenant Governor and Lady Hotham are well received in Ballarat during a tour of the Victorian-era goldfields, with many still optimistic about the possibility of a political solution. About 1,500 turn out to hear speakers decry the mining tax and gold
764:
9-10 December 1853: Affrays involving several stakeholders in the English and Irish quarters of the Eureka golf reef take place. Several people were wounded by gunfire on 27 December after another sizeable conflagration which was believed to be the result of a drunken
946:, 'Captain' Henry Ross and Samuel Irwin of the Geelong Advertiser. The immediate dismissal of Magistrate Dewes and sergeant major Milne of the constabulary was carried out as recommended in a report which blamed the authorities for the outbreak of rioting in Ballarat.
1052:
9 December 1854: The previously declared state of martial law is repealed. Crowds of 600 and 2000 people attend meetings in Sandhurst and Castlemaine, respectively, to protest against the government over the Eureka riots and for the repeal of the mining
888:
found themselves impotent in the face of the mob, who threw eggs and rubbish at Commissioner Rede. The government camp was rumoured to be the next target as Rede gave the order to excavate women and children and issued his garrison with live ammunition.
619:
14 August 1852: An affray breaks out among 150 men over land rights in Bendigo. An inquiry recommends increasing police numbers in the colony's mining settlements. Around this time, the first gold deposits at the Eureka lead in Ballarat are
1112:
22 February 1855: The trial of John Joseph begins as he becomes the first rebel to answer charges of high treason. Throughout February and March, all the defendants are acquitted with the crown case against Dignum being
981:
approach that was made being framed as a “demand”. Father Smyth confines to commissioner Rede in secret that the government camp is in danger of attack and claims the dissidents could easily procure up to 1,000 rifles.
726:
27 August 1853: A second multinational-style gathering is held at View Point, and a mining tax protest in Castlemaine draws 300. The Red Ribbon movement grew as miners started placing them in their hats as a symbol of
963:
18 November 1854: On trial over the death of James Scobie, James Bently, Thomas Farrell and William Hance are convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to three years of hard labour on a road crew. Catherine Bently was
1035:
5 December 1854: Major General Nickle joins the government camp in Ballarat. A crowd attending a public meeting in Melbourne called in support of Hotham instead condemns the police action, and the meeting is hastily
704:
18 August 1853: Ballarat resident commissioner James Clow reported that the rabble-rousing of orators from the Sandhurst diggings had fallen flat at the segregated and multinational Canadian Gully and the Eureka
1180:
31 December 1855: Hotham, who was promoted on 22 May when the official title of the chief executive of the colony was changed from lieutenant governor to governor, died in Melbourne after catching a cold.
1091:
10 January 1855: Hotham refuses a recommendation from the Gold Fields Commission that a general amnesty be granted in relation to all those persons criminally liable for their association with the Eureka
645:
25 November 1852: There was an assault on a police officer by a mob of miners who wrongly believed they were obliged to take out a whole month's subscription for seven days at Oven's field, Bendigo.
937:
1 November 1854: At a gathering of 5,000 miners in Bendigo, a plan is drawn up to organise the diggers at all the mining settlements, as speakers openly advocating physical force address the crowd.
855:
3 October 1854: Rede reports on a visit to Fiery Creek, Beaufort, on vigilante punishment beatings and recommends an increased police presence after a man was given 12 lashes on suspicion of theft.
824:
5 July 1854: Rede describes the Eureka lead as the most densely populated and lawless part of the Ballarat precinct. On 11 July, he asked the government for more hospital funding as local chairman.
850:
17 September 1854: The American restaurateur Frank Cary is imprisoned for bootlegging amid allegations he was fraudulently incriminated by the disliked police officer sergeant major Robert Milne.
975:
25 November 1854: Commissioner Rede receives information that the government camp may be in danger if the convicted men are not released and that he and his gold commissioners would be expelled.
671:
6 June 1853: The anti-gold licence association was formed in Bendigo, where a mass petition was launched that attracted 23,000 signatures, including 8,000 from the mining settlement at McIvor.
661:
11 February 1853: George Black assisted Dr John Owens in chairing a public meeting at Ovens field to protest that the alleged wrongful death of William Guest had not been fully investigated.
1107:
17 February 1855: The Victorian Attorney-General is burnt in effigy as 400 people attend a drive-in Sandhurst to raise money to meet the legal costs of the men indicted for high treason.
926:
28 October 1854: Rede reports through the chain of command that Westerby had been committed for trial for allegedly being one of the principal agitators at the burning of Bently's hotel.
1164:
14 July 1855: Carboni is one of nine miners elected to a special local court, an early form of alternative dispute resolution established to adjudicate on mining-related matters.
748:
6 September 1853: The goldfields committee of the legislative council sitting in Melbourne hears from goldfields activists Dr William Carr and messers W Fraser and William Jones.
1097:
23 January 1855: The trial of Henry Seekamp results in a finding of guilt for seditious libel. On 26 March 1855, he was sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment for six months.
1070:
16 December 1854: After death threats against several police officers are made, Inspector Forster recommends a complete watch rotation for the Ballarat outpost as a precaution.
958:
W.C. Haines MLC was to be the chairman, serving alongside lawmakers John Fawkner, John O'Shanassy, and William Westgarth, as well as chief gold commissioner William Wright.
801:
6 May 1854: Colonial Secretary John Forster acts as interim Lieutenant Governor as LaTrobe leaves Victoria for England after announcing his intentions the previous July.
834:
16 August 1854: In a scene from the wild west, an American by the name of Clarke accidentally kills the publican of the Albion Hotel in a dispute over a card game.
2029:
819:
takes up his commission as lieutenant governor of Victoria amid high hopes by the aggrieved miners as the financial situation of the colony continues to worsen.
573:, upon the arrival of gold commissioner D.C. Doveton, but appeals for civil disobedience go unheeded as most prospectors comply with the new mining regulations.
1026:
which mentions that two rebel battle flags were captured at the fall of the Eureka Stockade. A state of martial law is declared in Ballarat. The editor of the
910:
23 October 1854: A delegation is sent to Rede which seeks to have the police officers involved in the arrest of Father Smyth’s servant (Gregorious) dismissed.
2346:
882:
16 October 1854: Banker robbers who covered their faces with black crepe paper stage a heist in Ballarat at the Sturt Street branch of the Bank of Victoria.
866:
9 October 1854: Rede orders that a transcript of all future public meetings of subversives will be recorded by a magistrate and up to two reliable agents.
732:
28 August 1853: At Sandhurst, a parade of around 2,000 miners passes by the government camp with the sounds of bands and shouting and fifty pistol rounds.
721:
22 August 1853: At the red ribbon turnout at Waranga, it was resolved to petition the lieutenant governor for a licence renewal fee set at 10 shillings.
1042:
meetings would be held around the colony. Hotham receives messages of support from his principal allies among the land-owning class known as squatters.
496:
716:
21 August 1853: A 20,000-strong crowd was out in force at Hospital Hill, where it was resolved to support a mining tax fee of 10 shillings per month.
625:
2 September 1852: La Trobe receives a petition from the people of Bendigo drawing attention to the need for improvements in the road from Melbourne.
2331:
1144:
12 May 1855: Another mutual protection society forms at Alma with the aim of lawfully safeguarding the lives and property of individual members.
682:
agreed sum of only 10 shillings, with the sheer number of protesters in custody causing an administrative meltdown for the colonial authorities.
2316:
1149:
22 May 1855: A new Victorian electoral act gives mining permit holders the right to contest and vote in elections for the legislative council.
2371:
921:
27 October 1854: Captain Thomas draws up contingency plans for low-intensity civil war in Ballarat and the defence of the government outpost.
298:
1102:
5 February 1855: Government House receives a petition from the Ovens goldfield calling for the end of the existing mining tax regulations.
676:
22 June 1853: La Trobe was petitioned for land reform to make it easier to obtain an interest in land adjoining the goldfields in Bendigo.
2022:
871:
10 October 1854: A disabled servant in the employ of the parish priest Father Smyth is subjected to police brutality for licence evasion.
1118:
24 February 1855: New Ballarat gold commissioner, Charles Sherard, reports that political tensions had largely subsided in his district.
578:
1 December 1851: It was announced that the licence fee would be raised from one pound to three pounds a month, effective 1 January 1852.
2416:
74:
780:
13 March 1854: There are further tensions after another affray between English and Irish nationals at the Eureka lead almost erupts.
2301:
711:
voting rights for the mining settlements. La Trobe fails to respond to the miner’s July petition by addressing their grievances.
2341:
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peace Arthur Akehurst, who also struck at him with a sword. On 18 January 1855, Akehurst was found not guilty of manslaughter.
2421:
1997:
1942:
1904:
1134:
20 April 1855: Royal Assent is granted to An Act for granting duties of Customs upon Gold exported from Victoria 1855 (Vic).
942:
10 November 1854: The Ballarat Reform League submits a statement to the commission of enquiry made by John Basson Humffray,
2411:
2275:
2257:
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829:
22 July 1854: Hotham calls for submissions from resident commissioners about how to arrest the colony's declining fortunes.
260:
160:
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2 April 1853: Black and Owens again argue in favour of chartism in the colony at a meeting of 800 convened at Ovens Field.
2247:
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4 April 1855: At the Alma diggings, a mob of 5,000 miners gather for the ostensible purpose of lynching a murder suspect.
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8 January 1855: The Gold Fields Commission meets with Hotham and unanimously recommends that the mining tax be lifted.
810:
was recommended by William Wright as the next resident gold commissioner for Ballarat. He replaces James Clow in June.
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19 October 1854: Foot police reinforcements arrive, with a further detachment of the 40th Regiment a few days behind.
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issues a proclamation providing for a gold mining licence fee of 30 shillings per month, effective 1 September 1851.
2336:
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20 March 1854: A knife and gunfight at the Chinese quarter of Eureka takes place leaving many stakeholders wounded.
421:
2054:
1139:
9 May 1855: A general amnesty is granted to Peter Lalor and the other rebels on the run from the Eureka Stockade.
1124:
and the scrapping of the gold commission, and laws to protect workers against competition from Chinese labourers.
185:
845:
13 September 1854: Hotham orders a cycle of twice weekly licence hunts as the budget situation becomes critical.
640:
on the subject of policing levels as the colony continues to strain under the weight of the Victorian gold rush.
2326:
1154:
29 May 1855: A Maryborough mutual protection society is formed along the same lines as its counterpart in Alma.
796:
28 March 1854: The combined forces of Britain and France declare war on Russia as the Crimean conflict begins.
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10 November 1855: Lalor and Hummfray win seats in the Victorian Legislative Council at the general elections.
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79:
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31 December 1853: At View Point, Sandhurst, about 500 individuals elected a so-called "Diggers Congress."
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Eureka Stockade a pictorial history: the events leading to the attack in the pre-dawn of 3 December 1854
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supported the immediate abolition of all mining and trading licences and the end of the gold commission.
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26 August 1851: In Buninyong, a protest against the new mining tax is attended by 40-50 demonstrators.
2311:
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12 June 1855: Royal Assent is granted to An Act to make provision for certain Immigrants 1855 (Vic).
1047:
8 December 1854: Thirteen accused rebel prisoners are committed for trial on counts of high treason.
2227:
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3 August 1853: The Bendigo petition is placed before LaTrobe by delegates Brown, Jones and Thomson.
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1030:, Henry Seekamp, is arrested and indicted for seditious libel and held with the rebel detainees.
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3 December 1853: A crowd of 2,000-3,000 attended an anti-licence rally at Sandhurst, Bendigo.
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as up to 14,000 miners turn out in a massive display of support for repealing the mining tax.
534:
1817:
An Act for granting duties of Customs upon Gold exported from Victoria 1855. Victoria. 1855.
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camp and relieved the constabulary of their sidearms and weapons, and they destroy a cache.
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8 December 1851: An anti-mining tax banner is put on public display strung across trees at
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1880:. Vol. IV: The Earth Abideth Forever 1851-1888. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.
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An Act for better Government of Her Majesty's Australian Colonies. United Kingdom. 1850.
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19-20 September 1851: Dissent was felt across the mining settlements, including at the
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would only cause more discontent over the mining tax itself and among all involved.
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23 October 1852: La Trobe receives a petition from Lever Flat, Forrest Creek and
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4 December 1854: The first newspaper report of the battle appeared in
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An Act to make provision for certain Immigrants 1855. Victoria. 1855.
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1484:, 1851 - 1861 (Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1963), 109.
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15 December 1851: "The Great Meeting of Diggers" takes place in
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30 August 1853: Anti Gold Licence Society meets at Jones Creek.
1990:
The Golden Age: A History of the Colony of Victoria, 1851-1861
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Corfield, Justin; Wickham, Dorothy; Gervasoni, Clare (2004).
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the US consul, Hotham releases James Tarleton from custody.
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reports that gold deposits had been discovered outside of
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1499:
1410:
1371:
1894:
1850:
1827:
1721:
1652:
1534:
1487:
1302:
592:
13 December 1851: After remonstrations, particularly in
1335:
1447:
1398:
1359:
1594:
1482:
The Golden Age: A History of the Colony of Victoria
1459:
1435:
2037:
600:, the previous mining tax increase was rescinded.
2288:
1253:Supplement to the Victorian Government Gazette
2023:
490:
299:40th (the 2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of Foot
2347:Riots and civil disorder in Victoria (state)
1937:. Melbourne: Public Record Office Victoria.
2030:
2016:
1932:
1804:
1777:
1754:
1742:
1709:
1690:
1673:
1640:
1621:
1588:
1559:
1522:
1429:
1392:
1317:
497:
483:
1992:. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
550:in central Victoria by Mr Thomas Hiscock.
1899:. Ballarat: Ballarat Heritage Services.
285:Victorian police in the Eureka Rebellion
23:This article is part of a series on the
1913:
1493:
1453:
1404:
1365:
1341:
2332:Resistance to colonialism in Australia
2289:
1851:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004
1828:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004
1722:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004
1653:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004
1535:Corfield, Wickham & Gervasoni 2004
1286:. Melbourne. 30 August 1851. p. 2
631:justice to those suspected of a crime.
294:William Wright (Australian politician)
2317:Rebellions against the British Empire
2011:
1984:
1872:
1600:
1465:
1441:
970:responsible for the loss of property.
2276:Bibliography of the Eureka Rebellion
2169:British army in the Eureka Rebellion
1952:
1191:Bibliography of the Eureka Rebellion
555:16 August 1851: Lieutenant Governor
261:Robert Nickle (British Army officer)
161:British army in the Eureka Rebellion
2248:Eureka Rebellion in popular culture
537:gains autonomy as a British colony.
407:Eureka Rebellion in popular culture
281:Vexillology of the Eureka Rebellion
201:John Foster (Australian politician)
13:
2075:1855 Victorian high treason trials
738:amid rumours of a planned robbery.
373:1855 Victorian high treason trials
49:
14:
2443:
2123:List of Eureka Stockade defenders
688:prospectors based on time stayed.
509:The following is a comprehensive
241:List of Eureka Stockade defenders
2417:19th century in Victoria (state)
2372:History of Australia (1851–1900)
2271:Timeline of the Eureka Rebellion
2208:The Eureka Stockade (1855 novel)
1935:Eureka from the Official Records
465:
422:The Eureka Stockade (1855 novel)
44:
39:
2302:Timelines of military conflicts
2055:Eureka Stockade (fortification)
1860:
1833:
1810:
1471:
1356:, No 25, 24 December 1851, 871.
186:Eureka Stockade (fortification)
1347:
1332:, No 22, 3 December 1851, 825.
1323:
1270:
1258:
1246:
1214:
1203:
60:by John Black Henderson (1854)
1:
2342:19th-century reform movements
2233:Eureka Stockade Memorial Park
2039:Battle of the Eureka Stockade
1918:. Rowville: Five Mile Press.
1267:, No. 8, 27 August 1851, 307.
1196:
1065:is taken by John Hodgson MLC.
412:Eureka Stockade Memorial Park
146:Anti-Gold Licence Association
2422:Victoria (state) gold rushes
2223:Eureka Stockade (miniseries)
1480:as cited in Geoffrey Serle,
1354:Victorian Government Gazette
1330:Victorian Government Gazette
1265:Victorian Government Gazette
1255:, No 6, 13 August 1851, 209.
437:Eureka Stockade (miniseries)
191:Forest Creek Monster Meeting
7:
2412:History of Victoria (state)
2218:Eureka Stockade (1949 film)
2213:Eureka Stockade (1907 film)
1968:. 12 August 1851. p. 2
1230:. 12 August 1851. p. 2
1184:
432:Eureka Stockade (1949 film)
427:Eureka Stockade (1907 film)
10:
2448:
2065:John King (police officer)
877:indebted business partner.
236:John King (police officer)
2256:
2193:
2177:
2131:
2083:
2045:
348:John Manning (journalist)
171:Charles Pasley (engineer)
2228:Eureka Stockade Monument
1933:MacFarlane, Ian (1995).
1866:
1478:Melbourne Morning Herald
447:William Bramwell Withers
417:Eureka Stockade Monument
2337:19th-century rebellions
2322:Rebellions in Australia
2185:William Edward Atherden
1914:Hocking, Geoff (2004).
1897:The Eureka Encyclopedia
1080:
916:Johnston from Ballarat.
774:
649:
613:
519:
289:William Edward Atherden
2164:Henry Christopher Wise
1878:A History of Australia
557:Charles Joseph Latrobe
397:Australian nationalism
211:Henry Richard Nicholls
206:Henry Christopher Wise
151:Ballarat Reform League
102:Australian gold rushes
54:
2327:Protests in Australia
2154:John Wellesley Thomas
535:Port Phillip District
53:
2407:History of Australia
2402:December 1854 events
2297:Australian timelines
2178:Last known survivors
987:attacked by the mob.
472:Australia portal
333:Henry Samuel Chapman
328:Butler Cole Aspinall
231:John Basson Humffray
137:The Eureka Rebellion
58:Eureka Stockade Riot
2427:History of Ballarat
2367:Australian folklore
2238:Eureka Jack Mystery
2149:Robert William Rede
2132:Military and police
1757:, pp. 198–199.
542:8 August 1851: The
402:Eureka Jack Mystery
343:John Joseph (rebel)
314:High treason trials
266:Robert William Rede
122:Victorian gold rush
112:Revolutions of 1848
1965:Geelong Advertiser
1227:Geelong Advertiser
817:Sir Charles Hotham
544:Geelong Advertiser
527:colony of Victoria
271:Sir Charles Hotham
55:
2397:1855 in Australia
2392:1854 in Australia
2387:1853 in Australia
2382:1852 in Australia
2377:1851 in Australia
2352:Conflicts in 1854
2284:
2283:
2203:Raffaello Carboni
1999:978-0-52-284143-5
1953:Newspaper reports
1944:978-0-73-066011-8
1906:978-1-87-647861-2
1496:, pp. 69–71.
1344:, pp. 56–57.
525:1 July 1851: The
507:
506:
363:William Ă Beckett
358:Sir Redmond Barry
353:Raffaello Carboni
2439:
2312:Eureka Rebellion
2266:Eureka Rebellion
2032:
2025:
2018:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1948:
1929:
1910:
1891:
1854:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1781:
1775:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1694:
1688:
1677:
1671:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1625:
1619:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1563:
1557:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1207:
513:Eureka Rebellion
511:timeline of the
499:
492:
485:
474:
470:
469:
468:
389:
323:Archibald Michie
315:
276:Suffolk Regiment
166:Charles La Trobe
156:Bendigo Petition
138:
94:
75:Military leaders
48:
43:
33:
32:Eureka Rebellion
24:
18:
17:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2252:
2243:Charles Doudiet
2189:
2173:
2127:
2079:
2041:
2036:
2006:
2000:
1986:Serle, Geoffrey
1971:
1969:
1958:
1955:
1945:
1926:
1907:
1888:
1869:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1805:MacFarlane 1995
1803:
1784:
1778:MacFarlane 1995
1776:
1761:
1755:MacFarlane 1995
1753:
1749:
1743:MacFarlane 1995
1741:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1710:MacFarlane 1995
1708:
1697:
1691:MacFarlane 1995
1689:
1680:
1674:MacFarlane 1995
1672:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1641:MacFarlane 1995
1639:
1628:
1622:MacFarlane 1995
1620:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1589:MacFarlane 1995
1587:
1566:
1560:MacFarlane 1995
1558:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1523:MacFarlane 1995
1521:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1430:MacFarlane 1995
1428:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1393:MacFarlane 1995
1391:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1318:MacFarlane 1995
1316:
1303:
1289:
1287:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1233:
1231:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1187:
1083:
777:
652:
638:Mount Alexander
616:
531:New South Wales
529:separates from
522:
503:
466:
464:
463:
458:
457:
456:
442:Charles Doudiet
391:
387:
379:
378:
377:
368:William Stawell
317:
313:
305:
304:
303:
246:Miner's licence
140:
136:
128:
127:
126:
96:
92:
84:
61:
31:
22:
12:
11:
5:
2445:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2159:Charles Pasley
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2139:Charles Hotham
2135:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2113:Frederick Vern
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2085:Rebel garrison
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2012:
2005:
2004:
1998:
1982:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1930:
1924:
1911:
1905:
1892:
1886:
1874:Clark, Manning
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1843:
1832:
1830:, p. 319.
1820:
1809:
1807:, p. 200.
1782:
1780:, p. 199.
1759:
1747:
1745:, p. 198.
1726:
1724:, p. xiv.
1714:
1712:, p. 197.
1695:
1693:, p. 196.
1678:
1676:, p. 195.
1657:
1655:, p. xii.
1645:
1643:, p. 194.
1626:
1624:, p. 193.
1605:
1593:
1591:, p. 192.
1564:
1562:, p. 191.
1539:
1527:
1525:, p. 190.
1498:
1486:
1470:
1458:
1446:
1434:
1432:, p. 189.
1409:
1397:
1395:, p. 188.
1370:
1358:
1346:
1334:
1322:
1320:, p. 187.
1301:
1269:
1257:
1245:
1213:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1028:Ballarat Times
1019:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1001:
1000:
995:
994:
989:
988:
983:
982:
977:
976:
972:
971:
966:
965:
960:
959:
954:
953:
948:
947:
939:
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934:
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928:
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923:
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918:
917:
912:
911:
907:
906:
901:
900:
895:
894:
890:
889:
884:
883:
879:
878:
873:
872:
868:
867:
863:
862:
857:
856:
852:
851:
847:
846:
842:
841:
840:commissioners.
836:
835:
831:
830:
826:
825:
821:
820:
815:22 June 1854:
812:
811:
803:
802:
798:
797:
793:
792:
787:
786:
782:
781:
776:
773:
772:
771:
767:
766:
761:
760:
756:
755:
750:
749:
745:
744:
740:
739:
734:
733:
729:
728:
723:
722:
718:
717:
713:
712:
707:
706:
701:
700:
695:
694:
690:
689:
684:
683:
678:
677:
673:
672:
668:
667:
663:
662:
658:
657:
651:
648:
647:
646:
642:
641:
633:
632:
627:
626:
622:
621:
615:
612:
611:
610:
602:
601:
589:
588:
580:
579:
575:
574:
566:
565:
561:
560:
552:
551:
539:
538:
521:
518:
505:
504:
502:
501:
494:
487:
479:
476:
475:
460:
459:
455:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
393:
392:
385:
384:
381:
380:
376:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
319:
318:
311:
310:
307:
306:
302:
301:
296:
291:
286:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
142:
141:
134:
133:
130:
129:
125:
124:
119:
117:Thomas Hiscock
114:
109:
104:
98:
97:
90:
89:
86:
85:
83:
82:
77:
72:
66:
63:
62:
56:
36:
35:
27:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2444:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:Robert Nickle
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2103:Edward Thonen
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:Pikeman's dog
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2001:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1925:1-7412-4426-9
1921:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1887:9780522841473
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1853:, p. xv.
1852:
1847:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1813:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1756:
1751:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1654:
1649:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1603:, p. 73.
1602:
1597:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1490:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1468:, p. 64.
1467:
1462:
1456:, p. 71.
1455:
1450:
1444:, p. 63.
1443:
1438:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1407:, p. 65.
1406:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1368:, p. 51.
1367:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1343:
1338:
1331:
1326:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1297:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1249:
1241:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1170:in Melbourne.
1168:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1117:
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1111:
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1100:
1096:
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1063:
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1025:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1009:
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1003:
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991:
990:
985:
984:
979:
978:
974:
973:
968:
967:
962:
961:
956:
955:
950:
949:
945:
944:Fredrick Vern
941:
940:
936:
935:
930:
929:
925:
924:
920:
919:
914:
913:
909:
908:
903:
902:
897:
896:
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891:
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875:
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869:
865:
864:
859:
858:
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849:
848:
844:
843:
838:
837:
833:
832:
828:
827:
823:
822:
818:
814:
813:
809:
806:16 May 1854:
805:
804:
800:
799:
795:
794:
789:
788:
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779:
778:
769:
768:
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758:
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751:
747:
746:
742:
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736:
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731:
730:
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724:
720:
719:
715:
714:
709:
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703:
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697:
696:
692:
691:
686:
685:
680:
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675:
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669:
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659:
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635:
634:
629:
628:
624:
623:
618:
617:
608:
604:
603:
599:
595:
591:
590:
586:
585:Forrest Creek
582:
581:
577:
576:
572:
568:
567:
563:
562:
558:
554:
553:
549:
545:
541:
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532:
528:
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523:
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500:
495:
493:
488:
486:
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453:
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374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
338:Henry Seekamp
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
316:
309:
308:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
256:Pikeman's dog
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
221:Henry Seekamp
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
196:Fredrick Vern
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
176:Edward Thonen
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
143:
139:
132:
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123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
99:
95:
88:
87:
81:
78:
76:
73:
71:
68:
67:
65:
64:
59:
52:
47:
42:
38:
37:
34:
29:
28:
25:
20:
19:
16:
2270:
2108:John Manning
1989:
1976:– via
1970:. Retrieved
1963:
1934:
1915:
1896:
1877:
1861:Bibliography
1846:
1835:
1823:
1812:
1750:
1717:
1648:
1596:
1537:, p. x.
1530:
1494:Hocking 2004
1489:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1461:
1454:Hocking 2004
1449:
1437:
1405:Hocking 2004
1400:
1366:Hocking 2004
1361:
1353:
1349:
1342:Hocking 2004
1337:
1329:
1325:
1294:– via
1288:. Retrieved
1281:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1238:– via
1232:. Retrieved
1225:
1216:
1205:
1027:
1023:
543:
510:
508:
226:James Scobie
69:
57:
21:
15:
2118:John Joseph
2093:Peter Lalor
2060:Eureka Flag
1960:"MORE GOLD"
1222:"MORE GOLD"
808:Robert Rede
791:Parliament.
251:Peter Lalor
181:Eureka Flag
2357:1854 riots
2307:Rebellions
2291:Categories
2098:Henry Ross
1601:Clark 1987
1466:Clark 1987
1442:Clark 1987
1197:References
1113:withdrawn.
1092:Rebellion.
1036:adjourned.
964:acquitted.
216:Henry Ross
1972:8 January
1290:1 January
1283:The Argus
1234:8 January
1024:The Argus
899:Fletcher.
594:Melbourne
548:Buninyong
533:, as the
2432:Ballarat
2362:Chartism
2258:See also
1988:(1963).
1876:(1987).
1185:See also
727:protest.
571:Ballarat
107:Chartism
70:Timeline
607:Bendigo
598:Geelong
452:Len Fox
93:Origins
2195:Legacy
1996:
1941:
1922:
1903:
1884:
1278:"GOLD"
765:brawl.
699:Trobe.
620:found.
388:Legacy
2047:Siege
1978:Trove
1867:Books
1296:Trove
1240:Trove
705:lead.
80:Siege
1994:ISBN
1974:2022
1939:ISBN
1920:ISBN
1901:ISBN
1882:ISBN
1292:2023
1236:2022
1081:1855
1053:tax.
775:1854
650:1853
614:1852
596:and
520:1851
2293::
1962:.
1785:^
1762:^
1729:^
1698:^
1681:^
1660:^
1629:^
1608:^
1567:^
1542:^
1501:^
1412:^
1373:^
1304:^
1280:.
1224:.
516:.
2031:e
2024:t
2017:v
2002:.
1980:.
1947:.
1928:.
1909:.
1890:.
1298:.
1242:.
587:.
498:e
491:t
484:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
