36:
510:, who had declared himself emperor after his father's death. Yong sent envoys to him asking for permission to pass through his territory so that he could join Murong Chui, but was denied. Yong defeated Fu Pi in a decisive battle, and Fu Pi was soon intercepted and killed by Eastern Jin forces. Yong then occupied Fu Pi's capital at Zhangzi (長子, in modern
463:, Chong laid siege on Chang'an and fought several battles against Fu Jian for months. During the siege, Murong Wei plotted a rebellion but was discovered and executed by Fu Jian in 385, prompting Chong to claim the title of Emperor of Yan. Eventually, a severe famine broke out in Chang'an, forcing Fu Jian to flee and leave his son,
447:, ordered him to tell his family members to stand down, but Wei instead secretly deferred his authority over to Hong in a letter, allowing him to take the throne once he hear of his death. Hong changed the reign era, which is often seen as the start of the Western Yan, before leading his soldiers towards Chang'an.
470:
Fu Jian never returned to Chang'an, as he was captured and killed by the Later Qin. With the ancient capital in hand, Murong Chong was content with settling in, leaving many of his
Xianbei followers unsatisfied as they wanted to return to their homeland in the east. Chong was fearful of dealing with
329:, until he was executed by Fu Jiān in 385. It was a state that was characterized by extreme political instability and internal fighting, as all seven of its rulers (during a short span of 10 years) died of unnatural causes. After eviscerating the Former Qin, the people of the state abandoned the
545:
state requested reinforcements from
Western Yan as they were under attack by Later Yan, but Yong failed to respond and allowed them to fall. With Hebei pacified, Murong Chui set sight on conquering Western Yan and ending the legitimacy question. In 394, Chui personally led his forces to attack
526:, his proclamation threatened the legitimacy of Later Yan, as there were now two states claiming to be the successor of Former Yan. After several princes defected to Later Yan, Murong Yong had the descendants of Murong Chui and
440:, he claimed several offices for himself including the Grand General while declaring Murong Chui as the new prime minister. Murong Chong also rebelled in Pingyang with 20,000 people, but was soon defeated and joined Hong.
732:
238:
213:
471:
his uncle, Murong Chui, so he enacted several policies to help the
Xianbei settle. However, in 386, he was assassinated by one of his generals and replaced with
464:
533:
Murong Yong ruled Shanxi for roughly nine years, during which he made little effort to expand. He briefly fought with Later Qin and tried to capture
1295:
555:
1344:
499:
in a span of a few months, as they were all assassinated in succession. After Zhong's death, Murong Yong was installed to the throne.
456:
491:
as the new king. Under Yi, the
Xianbei began their exodus to the east from Chang'an, during which the throne was passed from him to
522:
Though Murong Yong was a distant relative of Murong Wei, being the grandson of Murong Yun (慕容運), the uncle of Former Yan's founder
815:
310:
863:
751:
707:
997:
858:
1043:
878:
467:
to hold the city. However, Fu Hong soon followed suit, allowing Murong Chong's forces to enter and sack Chang'an.
838:
1329:
946:
1273:
1268:
546:
Western Yan and laid siege on
Zhangzi. Yong was eventually captured and killed, thus ending the Western Yan.
290:
1339:
1334:
853:
1182:
1167:
1012:
808:
413:
514:, Shanxi), where contrary to his previous intentions, he declared himself the new Emperor of Yan.
1253:
1142:
918:
1248:
444:
1324:
1192:
928:
801:
8:
1223:
1218:
873:
843:
443:
Murong Wei was still alive in Chang'an as the rebellions began. The ruler of Former Qin,
417:
333:
region and headed east back toward their homeland, but eventually settled down in modern
314:
1278:
824:
574:
390:
349:
298:
272:
317:, with the stated intent of permitting the Xianbei, whom the Former Qin's emperor
712:
563:
913:
746:
401:. As part of Qin's plan to integrate the various tribes with each other, many
35:
1318:
432:
in 384. When news of the restoration reached Beidi, Murong Hong fled east of
325:
in 370. It initially also was intended to rescue the last Former Yan emperor
1147:
1048:
1038:
1002:
883:
666:
600:
523:
496:
460:
394:
132:
85:
1302:
1258:
1030:
992:
682:
584:
484:
483:
Duan Sui claimed the title of King of Yan, but he was suddenly killed by
421:
386:
382:
342:
302:
146:
97:
73:
46:
1172:
1121:
982:
964:
956:
941:
868:
848:
650:
527:
492:
409:
region, with around 40,000 of them at the time of Former Yan's demise.
385:, where they were allowed to serve as military generals and officials.
378:
374:
370:
326:
322:
306:
218:
459:, who installed Murong Chong as the new leader. After setting camp at
318:
1100:
1095:
1020:
987:
936:
634:
488:
433:
425:
406:
338:
330:
231:
1263:
1243:
1202:
1197:
1090:
1080:
908:
793:
618:
542:
538:
511:
472:
321:
had relocated to Former Qin's capital region after destroying the
1238:
1187:
1177:
1137:
1075:
974:
900:
702:
534:
530:, Former Yan's second ruler and Murong Wei's father, all killed.
402:
294:
1233:
1228:
537:
from
Eastern Jin, but was ultimately unsuccessful. In 392, the
503:
437:
398:
345:
wanted to reunite the people formerly of Yan and conquered it.
334:
280:
455:
Not long after, Murong Hong was assassinated by his official,
1116:
507:
429:
256:
436:
and gathered the
Xianbei. After defeating a Qin force at
412:
In 383, Former Qin suffered a devastating defeat to the
301:, but it is not counted among the 16. It was founded by
787:
He is known by is pre-ascencion title, Prince of Hedong
348:Some rulers of the Western Yan declared themselves
297:ethnicity. The dynasty existed during the era of
1316:
1296:Spring and Autumn Annals of the Sixteen Kingdoms
809:
356:(translatable as either "king" or "prince").
549:
420:. With the Qin exposed, Murong Wei's uncle,
816:
802:
769:He is also known by is temple name, Suzong
517:
34:
884:Northern Wei's unification of North China
377:and his brothers were relocated near the
1317:
778:Also known by his temple name, Gaozong
797:
487:and Murong Heng (慕容恆), who acclaimed
478:
869:Fu Jian's unification of North China
823:
450:
405:from the east were resettled in the
1345:Former countries in Chinese history
13:
708:List of past Chinese ethnic groups
14:
1356:
506:was controlled by Fu Jian's son,
267:, known in historiography as the
849:Shi Le's conquest of North China
236:
211:
839:Upheaval of the Five Barbarians
397:was appointed Administrator of
352:while some declared themselves
305:in 384 in the aftermath of the
781:
772:
763:
739:
725:
285:
158:• Abandoning of Chang'an
1:
718:
364:
337:. It was destroyed in 394 as
7:
696:
168:• Settling at Zhangzi
135:'s claim of imperial title
10:
1361:
553:
424:restored the state as the
359:
1287:
1211:
1160:
1130:
1109:
1068:
1061:
1029:
1011:
973:
955:
927:
899:
892:
831:
550:Rulers of the Western Yan
276:
252:
190:
186:
176:
166:
156:
143:
129:
119:
115:
107:
103:
91:
79:
67:
63:
55:
42:
33:
28:
18:
998:Southern Liang (397–414)
914:Northern Liang (397–460)
389:was made Admistrator of
1044:Western Liang (400–421)
690:Zhongxing (中興) 386–394
518:Rule in Shanxi and fall
291:dynastic state of China
1148:Northern Wei (386–535)
1049:Northern Yan (407–436)
1039:Former Liang (318–376)
1003:Southern Yan (398–410)
864:Huan Wen's Expeditions
859:Conquest of Wei by Yan
178:• Disestablished
1330:394 disestablishments
1086:Western Yan (384–394)
993:Western Qin (385–431)
947:Later Liang (386–403)
610:Gengshi (更始) 385–386
1288:Histories of the Era
983:Former Yan (337–370)
965:Later Zhao (319–351)
942:Former Qin (351–394)
879:Liu Yu's Expeditions
556:Emperors family tree
145:• Capturing of
1021:Later Qin (384–417)
988:Later Yan (384–409)
937:Cheng-Han (304–347)
874:Battle of Fei River
844:Disaster of Yongjia
626:Changping (昌平) 386
592:Yanxing (燕興) 384
418:Battle of Fei River
414:Eastern Jin dynasty
373:, the last emperor
315:Battle of Fei River
121:• Established
1340:Dynasties of China
1335:384 establishments
1101:Qiao Shu (405–413)
1096:Huan Chu (403–404)
1091:Zhai Wei (388–392)
909:Han-Zhao (304–329)
658:Jianping (建平) 386
642:Jianming (建明) 386
608:Yanxing (燕興) 384
571:Durations of reign
479:Exodus to the east
369:After the fall of
1312:
1311:
1212:Key personalities
1156:
1155:
1138:Chouchi (296–580)
1081:Duan Qi (350–356)
1076:Ran Wei (350–352)
1057:
1056:
694:
693:
451:Siege of Chang'an
309:'s defeat by the
289:; 384–394) was a
262:
261:
248:
247:
244:
243:
224:
223:
51:Zhangzi (386–394)
1352:
1066:
1065:
897:
896:
825:Sixteen Kingdoms
818:
811:
804:
795:
794:
788:
785:
779:
776:
770:
767:
755:
743:
737:
736:
729:
674:Jianwu (建武) 386
564:Posthumous names
560:
559:
299:Sixteen Kingdoms
287:
278:
240:
239:
228:
227:
215:
214:
208:
207:
192:
191:
38:
16:
15:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1283:
1207:
1152:
1126:
1105:
1053:
1025:
1007:
969:
951:
923:
893:The 16 Kingdoms
888:
827:
822:
792:
791:
786:
782:
777:
773:
768:
764:
759:
758:
744:
740:
731:
730:
726:
721:
699:
609:
558:
552:
520:
481:
453:
367:
362:
237:
212:
179:
169:
159:
149:
136:
122:
94:
93:• 386–394
82:
81:• 384–386
70:
50:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1358:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1310:
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1299:
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1200:
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1190:
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1162:
1158:
1157:
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1134:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1125:
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1119:
1113:
1111:
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1024:
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1005:
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990:
985:
979:
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961:
959:
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952:
950:
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944:
939:
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821:
820:
813:
806:
798:
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780:
771:
761:
760:
757:
756:
747:Zizhi Tongjian
738:
723:
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717:
716:
715:
710:
705:
698:
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688:
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598:
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582:
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569:
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519:
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480:
477:
452:
449:
366:
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260:
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144:
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139:27 January 385
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109:
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40:
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31:
30:
26:
25:
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19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1357:
1346:
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1326:
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1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
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1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1143:Dai (310–376)
1141:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
978:
976:
972:
966:
963:
962:
960:
958:
954:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
932:
930:
926:
920:
919:Xia (407–431)
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
904:
902:
898:
895:
891:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
834:
830:
826:
819:
814:
812:
807:
805:
800:
799:
796:
784:
775:
766:
762:
753:
749:
748:
742:
734:
728:
724:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
700:
689:
686:
684:
681:
678:
677:
673:
670:
668:
665:
662:
661:
657:
654:
652:
649:
646:
645:
641:
638:
636:
633:
630:
629:
625:
622:
620:
617:
614:
613:
607:
604:
602:
599:
596:
595:
591:
588:
586:
583:
580:
579:
576:
573:
570:
568:Personal name
567:
565:
562:
561:
557:
547:
544:
540:
536:
531:
529:
525:
515:
513:
509:
505:
502:At the time,
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
476:
474:
468:
466:
462:
458:
448:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
357:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:ruled by the
292:
288:
282:
274:
270:
266:
258:
255:
253:Today part of
251:
235:
233:
230:
229:
226:
220:
217:
210:
209:
206:
205:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
189:
185:
181:
175:
171:
165:
161:
155:
151:
148:
142:
138:
134:
128:
124:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
96:
90:
87:
84:
78:
75:
72:
66:
62:
58:
54:
48:
45:
41:
37:
32:
27:
17:
1301:
1294:
1085:
1062:Other states
854:Wei–Zhao War
783:
774:
765:
745:
741:
727:
667:Murong Zhong
601:Murong Chong
532:
524:Murong Huang
521:
501:
497:Murong Zhong
482:
469:
461:Epang Palace
454:
442:
411:
395:Murong Chong
368:
353:
347:
284:
268:
264:
263:
201:Succeeded by
200:
195:
133:Murong Chong
86:Murong Chong
1325:Western Yan
1303:Book of Jin
1259:Murong Chui
1168:Jin dynasty
1069:Short-lived
683:Murong Yong
585:Murong Hong
485:Murong Yong
422:Murong Chui
387:Murong Hong
343:Murong Chui
341:'s emperor
311:Eastern Jin
303:Murong Hong
269:Western Yan
196:Preceded by
98:Murong Yong
74:Murong Hong
69:• 384
1319:Categories
719:References
651:Murong Yao
554:See also:
528:Murong Jun
493:Murong Yao
379:Former Qin
375:Murong Wei
371:Former Yan
365:Background
327:Murong Wei
323:Former Yan
307:Former Qin
219:Former Qin
1274:Tuoba Tao
1269:Tuoba Gui
1254:Wang Meng
733:"中央研究院網站"
635:Murong Yi
575:Era names
489:Murong Yi
434:Tong Pass
426:Later Yan
407:Guanzhong
381:capital,
339:Later Yan
331:Guanzhong
232:Later Yan
49:(385–386)
1264:Yao Xing
1244:Huan Wen
1224:Liu Cong
1219:Liu Yuan
1203:Goguryeo
1198:Dingling
1161:Involved
752:vol. 106
697:See also
619:Duan Sui
543:Zhai Wei
539:Dingling
512:Changzhi
473:Duan Sui
399:Pingyang
383:Chang'an
350:emperors
147:Chang'an
47:Chang'an
1249:Fu Jian
1239:Ran Min
1188:Xianbei
1178:Xiongnu
975:Xianbei
901:Xiongnu
832:History
703:Xianbei
687:386–394
605:384–386
535:Luoyang
495:and to
465:Fu Hong
457:Gao Gai
445:Fu Jian
416:at the
403:Xianbei
360:History
319:Fu Jiān
313:in the
295:Xianbei
273:Chinese
131:•
108:History
56:Emperor
43:Capital
29:384–394
1279:Liu Yu
1234:Shi Hu
1229:Shi Le
1131:States
1110:Tribes
581:Liewen
504:Shanxi
438:Huayin
393:while
335:Shanxi
286:Xī Yān
283::
281:pinyin
275::
111:
59:
1183:Qiang
1117:Yuwen
1013:Qiang
713:Wu Hu
541:-led
508:Fu Pi
430:Hebei
391:Beidi
257:China
1122:Duan
354:wang
1173:Jie
1031:Han
957:Jie
671:386
655:386
639:386
623:386
597:Wei
589:384
428:in
265:Yan
182:394
172:386
162:386
152:385
125:384
20:Yan
1321::
1193:Di
929:Di
750:,
475:.
279:;
277:西燕
817:e
810:t
803:v
754:.
735:.
679:–
663:–
647:–
631:–
615:–
271:(
23:燕
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