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Sixsmith, who played in the WPHL, became the first hockey player to use aluminum skates, after he noticed that they were used by speed skaters. Wanting more speed in his game, Garnet then had aluminum ice skates custom-made with a shorter blade, for himself. The skates costs $ 15, even though his brother and several others told him they would never become popular. The skates eventually helped him earn his reputation as a fast skater. The type skate developed for Garnet soon became used by the skate of choice for hockey players and are still in use. However, the
Pittsburgh Professionals didn't fare too well during the
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204:
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However, according to Garnet
Sixsmith, who played in the league between 1902 and 1909, the players were paid between $ 10–$ 15 a week and each were given jobs on the side. Each team, consisted of a manager who was paid a lump sum of money to have a team on the ice. The less money the manager had to pay his players, the more money that manager got to keep. As a result, the Pittsburgh teams were able to get many great players such as future
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401:) and a half-hour of exhibition of hockey was played before the polo match. The paper noted that 2,500 to 3,000 fans showed up to watch the game, despite claims of bad weather. No score or records were reportedly kept but the paper did note that the team from Queen's University outplayed the Pittsburghers, who had never played the game before.
418:, family skates and costume parties to make money. They decided that since hockey was a relatively new game, it could catch on in Pittsburgh. Sometime between the Queen's game and November 1896, the Casino's management decided to organize two leagues at the rink; an inter-scholastic league for high schools, and a
734:
Many players initially signed up for the WPHL because the league played all of its games on
Duquesne Garden's artificial ice and was not dependent on cold weather to provide a naturally frozen surface. As winter began and Canadian rinks became available, some players flocked north to teams closer to
632:
Despite these losses the WPHL started with the same four clubs, but the
Keystones withdrew from the league on January 17, 1904. The team's players were then dispersed to the other three teams. Many other promising young players took their place and three different Pittsburgh teams challenged Portage
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was admitted to the league, replacing
Western University. The Keystones were instrumental in changing the league from amateur to professional, and were the first WPHL team to recruit heavily from Canada. The Pittsburgh Athletic Club won its third consecutive championship, although the Keystones were
702:
In what might have been the first trades involving professional hockey players, the Lyceum dealt Harry
Burgoyne to the Bankers for Dutch Koch in December 1907 and returned Koch to the Bankers in exchange for Fred Young in early January. A bigger trade occurred on January 27, 1908, when the Pirates
751:
The WPHL was the first league to openly hire hockey players, and may have been involved in the first trade involving professional hockey players. Several of league's alumni continued to make hockey history on both local and national stage. In 1915, the WPHL's Arthur
Sixsmith managed an ice hockey
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and playing in the
International Professional Hockey League. Over half of the players in the league had played in Pittsburgh at one time, so the early league a key pioneer in the development of professional hockey. Around 1904 another milestone was reached by a Pittsburgh player. That year Garnet
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The league played at the Casino twice a week, on
Tuesday and Friday nights. The first "big league" season game was November 17, 1896 between Duquesne and Pittsburgh ('Casino'), won by Duquesne 2–1. Play continued until December 16, when the Casino rink was destroyed by fire, along with the hockey
535:
The league lured players from Canada with promises of high-paid employment and small cash incentives, which was around $ 30 a week. At this time all
Canadian associations were still amateur, and since many of the players had been already expelled from hockey in Canada for being professionals.
621:. Portage Lakes played off with the Pittsburgh Bankers. Portage Lakes won the four game series 2–1 with a game tied, but they were outscored 11–6. The next season, Portage Lakes continued to play Pro exhibition games, but raided Pittsburgh's teams for top players like
573:
and an appeal was rejected on December 10, 1903 and again on November 30, 1904. According to Peel, "They (the teams) make no bones whatever about paying men. If they do not pay them they give them fake (business) positions". However, by the start of the
569:, admitted that he was paid $ 35 a week to play in the so-called amateur league and so no amateur teams would play against these teams again without being suspended by either Canadian, or U.S. officials. Peel was suspended by the
673:
Within two years of play, professional leagues were now popping up all over Canada and most of the great players went back home for a better pay day, so the IHL folded. It was decided to revive the four team WPHL for the
719:, the WPHL found that it could no longer rely on salaries as novelty to attract Canadian talent, since professionalism had spread into Canada. The start of the season brought promise, with
1848:
464:. The league was revived with three teams, the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, Duquesne Country & Athletic Club and Western University. The PAC won the league's first championship.
1654:
590:, were already well known to hockey fans. There is still a strong suspicion that hockey players were paid before 1904, when the first pro league was officially formed.
517:
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and goalie James MacKay in charge of the four teams, but by late December fully one-third of the league's players had accepted offers to play in different leagues.
2865:
694:, but many of the players got better offers from the Canadian leagues in late December and the team lineups were patched together at best to complete the season.
551:. These players played for pay in Pittsburgh, eventually forcing the Canadian leagues to go pro in 1907, a development that led directly to the formation of the
389:
made mention of a “great international hockey and polo tournament” opening game at the Casino. The newspaper reported that a team consisting of ten players from
516:: Pittsburgh Bankers, Pittsburgh Athletic Club and the Pittsburgh Keystones. To fill these teams, many business and organizations imported young Canadians like
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making a fourth WPHL team. More great stars were enticed to come to Pittsburgh as they could accept pay for play. Bruce and Hod Stuart became major stars in
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is considered the first season whereby the league was recognized as professional, the first professional ice hockey league. The league had three teams in
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and Dunc Taylor to the Bankers for Joseph Donnelly and Bert Bennett. Later, on January 31, the Pirates also purchased Gordon McGuire from the Bankers.
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784:. On November 16, 1935, Garnet Sixsmith dropped the ceremonial first puck, honoring the WPHL, at Duquesne Garden, for the inaugural home game of the
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682:. The WPHL was revived in 1907. The league consisted of the Pittsburgh Lyceum, Pittsburgh Athletic Club, Pittsburgh Bankers and the newly formed
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224:
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The Pittsburgh Professionals represented the city in the International Professional Hockey League, after the WPHL suspended operations in 1904
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2147:
492:, to join him. In one memorable game that occurred during this era, the WPHL's Garnet Sixsmith scored 11 goals in a game at Duquesne Garden.
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today) and a team known as Pittsburgh, or the 'Casino' team. The PAC was managed by Charles S. Miller, who became the league's president.
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began their careers in the WPHL, including Arthur's brother Garnet Sixsmith. The team lasted on only one season. Also in 1915,
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Lakes for the U.S. Pro title that year. The league champion Victorias put up the best battle, losing two games to one.
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1998:
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383:. The 1895–96 winter season also saw the first introduction of hockey in the city. On December 30, 1895, the
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The city quickly realized that in order to make money they would need to have more events than just
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home. The WPHL saw the mid-season defections of stars like Tommy Smith, Albert Kerr, Harry Smith,
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136:
1411:"Before the NHL: Western Pennsylvania Hockey League, International Professional Hockey League"
488:, came to the WPHL in 1901 and soon convinced several Canadian players, including his brother
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2035:
1383:
765:
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Interior of the Casino in 1895. This is the earliest known image of ice hockey in Pittsburgh
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1569:"The International Hockey League and the Professionalization of Ice Hockey, 1904-1907"
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16:
Semi-professional ice hockey league based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (1896–1909)
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The league would remain dormant until 1899 and the erection of a hockey rink at the
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equipment of most of the teams. The league dissolved without a championship.
613:
for the "Pro Championship of the United States" prior to the formation of the
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176:
98:
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played against a group of local players from Western University (today the
172:
740:
687:
660:
640:(IHL). The WPHL was suspended with the most skilled players joining the
636:
In 1904, the first inter-city professional league was formed called the
2380:
1983:
1055:
1031:
691:
653:, they were part of a great three team race with Portage Lakes and the
622:
548:
544:
168:
164:
28:
1589:
Total Hockey: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Hockey League
704:
894:
Pittsburgh AC, Western University, Duquesne C&AC, All-Pittsburgh
2340:
1612:
425:
800:
1087:
1040:(1962, Pittsburgh Athletic Club/Bankers/Duquesne Athletic Club)
780:
of the NHL. In 1920, Schooley also put together the very first
333:
1254:"All The Sporting News". Pittsburg Press: p. 5. April 5, 1899
924:
Pittsburgh AC, Bankers, Western University, Duquesne C&AC
175:, the league became the pre-eminent ice hockey league in the
1856:
179:. It was the first league to openly hire and trade players.
397:) and Pittsburgh Catholic College of the Holy Ghost (today
167:
league founded in 1896 and existing through 1909. Based in
1442:. December 21, 1907. p. 8 – via Newspapers.com.
1202:. November 18, 1896. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
1460:. January 8, 1908. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
1271:. October 18, 1899. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
1144:
Amateur Sport". Pittsburg Press: p. 8. December 20, 1896.
379:
which featured the first artificial ice-making plant in
1662:
593:
578:
the WPHL was now a fully professional league with the
686:. The revived league still had some great stars like
422:
amateur league named the Western Pennsylvania League.
1083:
937:
Pittsburgh AC, Bankers, Keystones, Duquesne C&AC
911:
Pittsburgh AC, Western University, Duquesne C&AC
163:) was an originally amateur and later professional
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
776:titles in 1924 and 1925, before morphing into the
2852:
1154:
1152:
1150:
182:
2866:Defunct ice hockey leagues in the United States
1494:
1275:
375:In 1895, Pittsburgh officials, constructed the
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1238:"Oakland Once the Hockey Center of Pittsburgh"
668:
1999:
1842:
1648:
1491:. Feb. 1, 1908 (pg. 8). Retrieved 2021-09-15.
1169:. p. 35 – via Google News Archive.
1147:
1124:"1895-1896 Pittsburgh's Schenley Park Casino"
976:Pittsburgh AC, Bankers, Keystones*, Victorias
531:The Pittsburgh Keystones, 1902 WPHL Champions
504:Pittsburgh Athletic Club, 1901 WPHL Champions
495:
356:
1312:
1310:
1002:Pittsburgh AC, Bankers, Lyceum*, Duquesne AC
963:Pittsburgh AC, Bankers, Keystones, Victorias
1366:
2006:
1992:
1849:
1835:
1655:
1641:
697:
606:The champion of the WPHL competed against
363:
349:
1534:
1522:"Roy Schooley is Dead After Long Illness"
1405:
1403:
1401:
1316:
1307:
1019:The following players are members of the
437:at the Casino, with four teams—the
2013:
1858:International Professional Hockey League
1811:International Professional Hockey League
1436:"Bankers and Lyceum Make a Player Trade"
1295:"First 'Pros' Start League Play in 1902"
1292:
1235:
1159:Miller, Charles S. (November 24, 1901).
1116:
1079:International Professional Hockey League
799:
774:United States Amateur Hockey Association
659:
638:International Professional Hockey League
615:International Professional Hockey League
597:
526:
499:
424:
1586:
1560:
1510:. November 21, 1915. p. Sports, 6.
1381:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1229:
989:Pittsburgh AC, Bankers, Lyceum, Pirates
808:Teams that played in the WPHL include:
664:Pittsburgh Bankers, 1908 WPHL Champions
2853:
1398:
1158:
433:The league played its first season in
1987:
1830:
1636:
1566:
1514:
1354:"Hockey Has Deep Roots in Pittsburgh"
1351:
1293:Landucci, Fred (September 27, 1961).
1352:Klein, Jeff Z. (December 30, 2010).
1340:
1014:
443:Duquesne Country & Athletic Club
2886:1896 establishments in Pennsylvania
1502:"Hockey Will Be In Full Swing Soon"
1236:Trietley, Greg (November 1, 2011).
594:Suspension of the league: 1904–1906
13:
2881:Sports leagues established in 1896
2861:Western Pennsylvania Hockey League
1973:Western Pennsylvania Hockey League
1683:Duquesne Country and Athletic Club
1664:Western Pennsylvania Hockey League
864:Western University of Pennsylvania
822:Duquesne Country and Athletic Club
447:Western University of Pennsylvania
157:Western Pennsylvania Hockey League
20:Western Pennsylvania Hockey League
14:
2897:
1606:
950:Pittsburgh AC, Bankers, Keystones
404:
1567:Mason, Daniel S. (Spring 1998).
1086:
1064:(1947, Pittsburgh Athletic Club)
804:Timeline of WPHL teams by season
754:Winter Garden at Exposition Hall
710:
332:
202:
91:
1530:. November 14, 1933. p. 1.
1479:
1464:
1446:
1428:
1331:
1257:
1161:"Speed is Hockey's Chief Charm"
1542:"1935-36 Pittsburgh Shamrocks"
1248:
1206:
1188:
1184:. November 8, 1896. p. 6.
1173:
1138:
1107:
1011:* Disbanded during season
812:All-Pittsburgh / Casino (1896)
1:
1317:Bouchette, Ed (May 2, 1999).
1269:Pittsburgh Commercial Gazette
1200:Pittsburgh Commercial Gazette
183:Pittsburgh hockey before 1896
1471:"Hockey games for this week"
782:U.S. Olympic ice hockey team
756:. Several of the players on
409:
66:; 115 years ago
40:; 128 years ago
7:
1214:"Pittsburg's Casino Burned"
1072:
790:International Hockey League
669:The WPHL revived: 1907–1908
10:
2902:
2876:Ice hockey in Pennsylvania
2871:Pre–National Hockey League
2623:Early Pro Football Circuit
1908:Amphidrome on Portage Lake
1384:"1900-10 Early Pro Hockey"
1028:
870:
571:Ontario Hockey Association
558:However, in the summer of
496:First professional players
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1955:
1929:
1922:Ridge Street Ice-A-Torium
1900:
1864:
1798:
1742:
1721:
1670:
770:Pittsburgh Yellow Jackets
746:
611:Portage Lakes Hockey Club
484:, a former member of the
142:
130:
114:
104:
86:
78:
60:
52:
34:
24:
1892:Pittsburgh Professionals
1816:Pittsburgh Professionals
1688:Pittsburgh Athletic Club
1576:Journal of Sport History
1100:
828:Pittsburgh Athletic Club
795:
768:in the WPHL, formed the
642:Pittsburgh Professionals
565:, a Keystones player in
480:instantly competitive.
451:University of Pittsburgh
439:Pittsburgh Athletic Club
395:University of Pittsburgh
147:Pittsburgh Athletic Club
109:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
2415:Chronicle-Telegraph Cup
2371:Petersen Sports Complex
1544:. Pittsburgh Hockey.net
1527:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
1324:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
1300:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
698:First pro hockey trades
190:Part of a series on the
2386:UPMC Cooper Fieldhouse
2366:Petersen Events Center
2351:Fitzgerald Field House
1887:Houghton-Portage Lakes
1678:Duquesne Athletic Club
1386:. PittsburghHockey.net
1126:. PittsburghHockey.net
1046:(1973, Lyceum/Bankers)
836:(1899–1904, 1907–1909)
830:(1896–1904, 1907–1909)
816:Duquesne Athletic Club
805:
752:team for Pittsburgh's
665:
603:
553:National Hockey League
532:
522:William "Pud" Hamilton
505:
430:
137:Duquesne Athletic Club
1628:Hockey League History
1587:Diamond, Dan (1998).
1196:"An Exciting Opening"
1180:"First Hockey Game".
803:
663:
647:league's first season
601:
586:. While players like
530:
503:
477:Keystone Bicycle Club
428:
339:Ice hockey portal
2238:Three Rivers Classic
2015:Sports in Pittsburgh
1963:James Wallace Conant
1882:Michigan Soo Indians
1806:James Wallace Conant
1729:Schenley Park Casino
1713:Pittsburgh Victorias
1698:Pittsburgh Keystones
1561:References and notes
1474:The Pittsburgh Press
1382:Fitzsimmons, Ernie.
1225:. December 18, 1896.
858:Pittsburgh Victorias
840:Pittsburgh Keystones
786:Pittsburgh Shamrocks
655:Michigan Soo Indians
608:Houghton, Michigan's
580:Pittsburgh Victorias
466:The following season
377:Schenley Park Casino
225:Montreal tournaments
119:Schenley Park Casino
2806:Motor Square Garden
1613:cchockeyhistory.org
1476:, February 2, 1908.
1458:The Pittsburg Press
1440:The Pittsburg Press
1265:"The Bankers' Team"
1021:Hockey Hall of Fame
703:sent James MacKay,
518:George "Pinky" Lamb
399:Duquesne University
21:
2391:UPMC Events Center
2361:Joe Walton Stadium
1918:Marquette Palestra
1708:Pittsburgh Pirates
1693:Pittsburgh Bankers
852:Pittsburgh Pirates
834:Pittsburgh Bankers
806:
778:Pittsburgh Pirates
717:the 1908–09 season
684:Pittsburgh Pirates
666:
604:
533:
524:and set up teams.
506:
470:Pittsburgh Bankers
431:
391:Queen's University
19:
2848:
2847:
2844:
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2796:Josh Gibson Field
2654:Duquesne C&AC
2563:Duquesne C&AC
2482:Roundball Classic
1981:
1980:
1824:
1823:
1703:Pittsburgh Lyceum
1618:Legends of Hockey
1094:Ice hockey portal
1070:
1069:
1052:(1961, Victorias)
1034:(1962, Keystones)
1015:Prominent players
1009:
1008:
846:Pittsburgh Lyceum
420:senior ice hockey
373:
372:
211:Early development
153:
152:
2893:
2821:Schenley Gardens
2781:Duquesne Gardens
2404:
2403:
2356:Highmark Stadium
2336:Acrisure Stadium
2331:PPG Paints Arena
2310:Studio Wrestling
2041:Head of the Ohio
2008:
2001:
1994:
1985:
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1913:Duquesne Gardens
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1734:Duquesne Gardens
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1623:virtualmuseum.ca
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1591:. Total Sports.
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1507:Pittsburgh Press
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1454:"General Sports"
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657:for first place.
386:Pittsburgh Press
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1607:External links
1605:
1604:
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1533:
1513:
1493:
1486:"Icy Inklings"
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1359:New York Times
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676:1907–08 season
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576:1902–03 season
538:Hall of Famers
510:1901–02 season
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405:League history
403:
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1327:. p. C1.
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1303:. p. 21.
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416:speed skating
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381:North America
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99:United States
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63:
59:
55:
51:
37:
33:
30:
27:
23:
2831:Three Rivers
2811:Pitt Stadium
2791:Forbes Field
2771:Central Park
2413:
2376:Rooney Field
2295:Thunderbirds
2065:
1972:
1872:Canadian Soo
1663:
1588:
1579:
1575:
1546:. Retrieved
1536:
1525:
1516:
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1496:
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1430:
1418:. Retrieved
1414:
1388:. Retrieved
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1250:
1241:
1231:
1220:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1175:
1164:
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1118:
1113:Mason pg. 28
1109:
1050:Bruce Stuart
1018:
1010:
1005:Duquesne AC
807:
762:Roy Schooley
750:
733:
714:
701:
672:
635:
631:
627:Bruce Stuart
605:
557:
534:
507:
474:
459:
455:
432:
413:
384:
374:
254:
173:Pennsylvania
160:
156:
154:
105:Headquarters
79:No. of teams
53:First season
2776:Civic Arena
2649:Duquesne AC
2315:Dirty Dozen
2259:Riveters SC
2087:Wild Things
1968:Jack Gibson
1337:Mason pg. 3
1044:Tommy Smith
866:(1896–1900)
860:(1902–1904)
854:(1907–1908)
848:(1907–1908)
842:(1900–1904)
824:(1896–1901)
818:(1908–1909)
743:to Canada.
741:Con Corbeau
688:Albert Kerr
441:(PAC), the
323:(1921–1926)
311:(1912–1924)
305:(1909–1917)
299:(1909–1910)
293:(1908–1911)
287:(1906–1911)
281:(1906–1909)
275:(1904–1907)
269:(1904–1909)
263:(1898–1905)
257:(1896–1909)
251:(1892–1909)
245:(1886–1898)
143:Most titles
133:champion(s)
126:(1899–1909)
2855:Categories
2745:Hurricanes
2568:Gladiators
2502:Monticello
2475:Basketball
2400:Historical
2381:Trees Hall
2285:Harlequins
2106:Basketball
2036:Great Race
2031:Grand Prix
2026:Dapper Dan
1598:1894963164
1582:(1): 1–17.
1056:Hod Stuart
1032:Riley Hern
979:Victorias
953:Keystones
692:Art Throop
623:Riley Hern
563:Harry Peel
549:Riley Hern
545:Hod Stuart
197:of the NHL
169:Pittsburgh
165:ice hockey
29:Ice hockey
2709:Victorias
2704:Shamrocks
2669:Keystones
2573:Homestead
2558:Americans
2553:Allegheny
2456:Keystones
2441:Filipinos
2436:Crawfords
2431:Champions
2421:Allegheny
2305:Wallabies
2300:Triangles
2232:Colonials
2226:Colonials
2205:Renegades
2148:Colonials
2142:Colonials
1760:1899–1900
1420:April 17,
1390:April 17,
1319:"Ice Age"
1242:Pitt News
1130:March 20,
1038:Alf Smith
920:1899–1900
884:Champion
758:that team
721:Alf Smith
705:Edgar Dey
649:. But in
588:Fred Lake
555:in 1917.
541:Alf Smith
410:1896–1904
220:1875 game
195:Emergence
2750:Phantoms
2735:Beadling
2684:Phantoms
2659:Ft. Pitt
2603:Olympics
2541:Football
2532:Xplosion
2517:Piranhas
2507:Phantoms
2451:Hardhats
2426:Burghers
2407:Baseball
2341:PNC Park
2221:Penguins
2185:heritage
2170:Panthers
2165:Steelers
2158:Football
2124:Panthers
2118:Panthers
2092:Panthers
2075:Baseball
2051:Marathon
1073:See also
992:Bankers
966:Bankers
617:for the
115:Venue(s)
2740:Cannons
2689:Pirates
2664:Hornets
2644:Cougars
2639:Bankers
2608:Quakers
2583:Maulers
2522:Pirates
2492:Ironmen
2487:Condors
2461:Stogies
2200:Passion
2175:Maulers
2082:Pirates
2061:Regatta
1947:1906–07
1942:1905–06
1937:1904–05
1930:Seasons
1790:1908–09
1785:1907–08
1780:1903–04
1775:1902–03
1770:1901–02
1765:1900–01
1755:1898–99
1750:1896–97
1743:Seasons
998:1908–09
985:1907–08
972:1903–04
959:1902–03
946:1901–02
933:1900–01
907:1898–99
890:1896–97
878:Season
871:Seasons
788:of the
766:referee
651:1905–06
584:1902–03
567:1901–02
514:1901–02
435:1896–97
234:Leagues
87:Country
69: (
43: (
35:Founded
2764:Venues
2755:Spirit
2728:Soccer
2674:Lyceum
2632:Hockey
2578:Lyceum
2512:Pipers
2497:Loendi
2466:Rebels
2324:Venues
2247:Soccer
2214:Hockey
1901:Arenas
1722:Stadia
1595:
1548:May 7,
901:fire)
899:Casino
881:Teams
747:Legacy
121:(1896)
96:
61:Ceased
2618:Stars
2593:Power
2446:Grays
2280:Bulls
2268:Other
2195:Force
2190:Colts
2136:Dukes
2130:Dukes
2097:Dukes
1865:Teams
1671:Teams
1572:(PDF)
1217:(PDF)
1101:Notes
796:Teams
449:(the
279:ECAHA
25:Sport
2699:Pros
2598:Odds
2527:Rens
2066:WPHL
2046:Lore
1956:Lore
1799:Lore
1593:ISBN
1550:2012
1422:2012
1392:2012
1132:2012
764:, a
739:and
690:and
680:1911
625:and
560:1902
547:and
520:and
508:The
468:the
321:WCHL
309:PCHA
291:OPHL
285:TPHL
273:IPHL
267:FAHL
261:CAHL
255:WPHL
243:AHAC
161:WPHL
155:The
131:Last
71:1909
64:1909
56:1896
45:1896
38:1896
2679:PAC
2588:PAC
2290:PCC
2234:(w)
2228:(m)
2150:(w)
2144:(m)
2138:(w)
2132:(m)
2126:(w)
2120:(m)
715:By
315:NHL
303:NHA
297:CHA
249:MHA
149:(3)
82:3–4
2857::
2613:JP
1580:25
1578:.
1574:.
1524:.
1504:.
1456:.
1438:.
1413:.
1400:^
1368:^
1356:.
1342:^
1321:.
1309:^
1297:.
1277:^
1267:.
1240:.
1219:.
1198:.
1163:.
1149:^
1023::
792:.
727:,
723:,
629:.
543:,
445:,
171:,
2007:e
2000:t
1993:v
1850:e
1843:t
1836:v
1656:e
1649:t
1642:v
1601:.
1552:.
1424:.
1394:.
1362:.
1244:.
1134:.
364:e
357:t
350:v
159:(
73:)
47:)
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