West Sumatra - Knowledge

1573: 1069: 4351: 1425:, Jacob Pits whose territory included from Kotawan in the south to Barus in the north sent a letter dated October 9, 1668 addressed to the Ahmadsyah Sultan, Iskandar Zur-Karnain, the Minangkabau ruler who was rich in gold, was told the VOC controlled the west coast area so that the gold trade can be re-flowed through the coast. According to Dutch records, Sultan Ahmadsyah died in 1674 and was replaced by his son Sultan Indermasyah. When the VOC succeeded in expelling the Aceh Sultanate from the coast of West Sumatra in 1666, Aceh's influence weakened on Pagaruyung. The relationship between the outer regions and the coast with the Kingdom of Pagaruyung becomes closer. At the time Pagaruyung was one of the trading centers on the island of Sumatra, due to its production of gold, it attracted the attention of the 4151: 824:) which came from the sea and would conquer what is now West Sumatra. To prevent fighting in the region, the local people propose a cattle race competition with the foreign forces. The foreign forces agreed and sent a large and aggressive cattle to the competition, while the local community sent a cattle calf who was still breastfeeding to the competition. In the competition, the cattle calf who was still breastfeeding thought the large and aggressive cattle was the mother. So the calf immediately ran towards the large and aggressive cattle to find milk until he tore apart the big cattle's stomach. The victory inspired the local people to use the name 7506: 3905: 3933: 128: 4543: 7310: 1563:, and Raffles intended to appoint Yang Dipertuan Ali Alamsyah who he considered to be the direct descendant of the Minangkabau kings as a king under British protection. After the end of the Padri War, Tuan Gadang of Batipuh asked the Dutch East Indies government to give a higher position than just as the Tanah Datar Regent which he held after replacing Sultan Tangkal Alam Bagagarsyah, but this request was rejected by the Dutch, this later included one of the drivers of the outbreak of the 1841 rebellion in Batipuh in addition to the 69: 4904: 3772: 4428: 1968:, similar to most other Indonesian provinces. Throughout the year the province is only affected by two seasons, namely the rainy season and the dry season. The air temperature varies from 24.7 to 32.9 degrees Celsius with air humidity levels ranging from 82% to 88%. The relative rainy season falls from October to April. Variation in rainfall ranges from 2,100 mm to 3,264 mm. The month December is the month with the most rainfall. While the dry season usually starts in June to September. 1385: 3921: 3945: 7061: 7048: 1253: 4159: 2760: 5051: 3967: 2622: 7153: 2725: 2743: 4303: 1396: 4678: 4323: 967: 7166: 2778: 4055: 7122: 7074: 7113: 7138: 7105: 4334:

3,052 billion, or 95.60% of total investment, while small industries the investment is only Rp. 1,412 billion or 4.40% of the total investment. The value of the production of large medium industries in 2001 reached Rp. 1,623 billion, which is 60% of the total production value, and the value of small industrial production only reaches Rp. 1,090 billion, or 40% of the total value of production.

1084:, in the period between the 1st century to the 16th century, many small kingdoms stood on what is now West Sumatra. These kingdoms included the Kuntu, Kandis, Siguntur, Pasumayan Koto Batu, Batu Patah, Sungai Pagu, Inderapura, Jambu Lipo, Taraguang, Dusun Tuo, Bungo Setangkai, Talu, Kinali, Parit Batu, Pulau Punjung. These kingdoms were short lived, and are usually under the influence of larger kingdoms, such as 532: 517: 7090: 3783: 4234: 1510:

visited Pagaruyung and promised them assistance. On February 10, 1821, Sultan Tangkal Alam Bagagarsyah, the nephew of Sultan Arifin Muningsyah, in Padang along with 19 other traditional leaders signed an agreement with the Dutch to cooperate in fighting the Padri, even though he was considered not entitled to make an agreement on behalf of the kingdom of Pagaruyung. As a result of this agreement,

4743: 4533: 3801:. West Sumatran have historically played the important role within the Muslim community in Indonesia. Up until today the region is considered one of the strongholds of Islam in Indonesia. They have a reputation as traders, intellectuals as well as politically savvy people who have successfully exported their culture, language, cuisine and beliefs throughout Indonesia. 4347:

finance, hotels, restaurants and travel agents. The growth of hotels in West Sumatra in the last three years has been quite rapid. This is in line with the increasing number of tourists who come to this province. During 2012 there were 36,623 foreign tourists visiting West Sumatra, an increase of 8.27% compared to last year which was 33,827 tourists.

2639:. With the enactment of Law No. 5 of 1979 concerning village governance, the status of nagari was eliminated and replaced with villages, and several jorong statuses were upgraded to villages. The position of nagari guardians was also removed and government administration was carried out by village heads. But since the onset of 1813:, PKI-organised squatters' movements and campaigns against foreign businesses in Sumatra's plantations provoked quick reprisals against Communists. Repression against alleged PKI members and sympathizers continued for several years. As late as 1976 mass lay-offs of former members of the communist plantation workers' union 4861:, and skin are made to be Minangkabau delicacies. Seafood is popular in coastal West Sumatran cities, and most are grilled or fried with spicy chili sauce or in curry gravy. Fish, shrimp, and cuttlefish are cooked in similar fashion. Most of Minangkabau food is eaten with hot steamed rice or compressed rice such as 3351:) as at 2023. The coastal cities and regencies include 219 offshore islands (large enough to have names), of which 111 comprise the Mentawai Islands Regency, 26 are in West Pasaman Regency, 2 in Agam Regency, 2 in Padang Pariaman Regency, 4 in Pariaman City, 21 in Padang City and 49 in South Pesisir Regency. 4571:. The Mentawai Islands are a popular destination for surfers and those looking to experience the culture and more primitive lifestyle of the Mentawai people. For developing West Sumatra tourism, in 2006 the government opened tourist train railway service run between Padang – Padang Panjang – Sawahlunto. The 4276:

was only 3.29%. The high economic growth of West Sumatra in the past three years has reduced poverty in the province from 6.28% (2020) to 5.92% (2022). For the Gross Regional Domestic Revenue (GRDP), in 2022 the province had a GRDP of Rp 285.4 trillion, with a GDP per capita of Rp 50.6 million.

4293:

Most of the population working is absorbed in the agricultural sector. Employment in this sector is able to absorb 29.27% of the existing workforce. However, this absorption percentage increase compared to the previous year which was 28.36%. Meanwhile, the percentage of working population absorbed in

3980:

The nuances of Minangkabau in every West Sumatra music mixed with any type of music at this time will definitely be seen from every song that circulates in the community. This is because Minang music can be formulated with any kind of music that makes it pleasant to hear and acceptable to the public.

1444:

to expel the Dutch from the region which the British did not respond to. But in 1781, the British managed to control Padang for a short period of time, and messengers from Pagaruyung congratulated the success of the British in expelling the Dutch from Padang. Minangkabau land has long been considered

4040:

and Nurseha are well-known West Sumatra singers in the 1970s to the present. At present the singers, songwriters and music stylists in West Sumatra are under the auspices of the PAPPRI organization (Association of Indonesian Singer Music Songwriters) and PARMI (Indonesian Minang Artist Association).

4039:

The music industry in West Sumatra is growing with the emergence of Minangkabau artists who can blend modern music into traditional Minangkabau music. The development of modern Minang music in West Sumatra dates back to the 1950s, marked by the birth of the Gumarang Orchestra. Elly Kasim, Tiar Ramon

4275:

that hit the region. The impact of this disaster was seen in quarter IV-2009, where economic growth only reached 0.90%. But now the economy of West Sumatra has improved, with growth rates above the national average. In 2022 the West Sumatra economy grew by 4.36%, better than the previous year which

2608:

The Province of West Sumatra is led by a governor who is elected directly with his representative for a 5-year term. In addition to being a regional government, the Governor also acts as a representative or extension of the central government in the province, whose authority is regulated in Law No.

4638:

There are 25 islands at Pesisir Selatan Regency potential to be tourist sites. Cubadak Island (9 hectares), Pagang Island (12 hectares) and Pulau Penyu (Turtle Island) have been developed well. At the northern part will be developed Semangki Besar Island, Semangki Kecil Island, Marak Island, Setan

4418:

The development of various banking indicators in the fourth quarter of 2012 showed improvement in line with the recovery in the post-earthquake economic conditions. In 2012, the total assets of commercial banks in the province reached Rp. 40.1 trillion with the value of lending by commercial

4346:

The return of the economy of West Sumatra in the aftermath of the earthquake and the recovery of the global economy, especially in the central Sumatra zone, was also a driving factor for the re-moving of the service sector (7.38%). The service sectors that are quite important in this province are

4251:

shaped like tiger nails. Keris are usually used by men and placed on the front, and are generally used by the princes, especially in any official event, especially in the event of a gala or inaugural title, but it is also commonly used by the bridegroom in the community wedding ceremony the local

4485:

970-meter long overpass was ready to be opened to the public and was in the trial stage which will be opened for vehicles in April 2012. Kelok Sembilan means 9 sharp turns is an area through which a road with tight bends passes through hilly terrain in the middle of a valley, a nice scenery, but

2662:

Opportunities that occur in village government are the emergence of individualistic economic growth. This condition is a result of dependence on the central government, resulting in lack of independence. This condition can weaken the resilience of the area of the economy itself. However, now the

1514:

considered it a sign of surrender of the kingdom of Pagaruyung to the Dutch government. After the Dutch captured Pagaruyung from the Padri, in 1824 at the request of Lieutenant Colonel Raaff, Sultan Arifin Muningsyah returned to Pagaruyung, but in 1825, Sultan Arifin Muningsyah, the last king in

4313:

In the fourth quarter of 2012, the agricultural sector experienced relatively high growth, driven by the stretching of the food crops subsector. In this quarter the growth of the agricultural sector reached 4.14%, higher than the previous quarter of 2.05%. The good performance of the plantation

4284:

Along with the growth of the economy of West Sumatra, the number of workers needed is also increasing. This has led to a decline in unemployment rate in the province. Between February 2023 – February 2024, the number of unemployed people increased from 176,970 people to 178,840 people. The open

1971:

The season in West Sumatra is similar to other regions in Indonesia, only known for two seasons, namely the dry season and the rainy season. From June to September wind flows from Australia and do not contain much water vapor, resulting in a dry season. Conversely in December to March many wind

1509:

attacked Pagaruyung in 1815. Sultan Arifin Muningsyah was forced to abdicate and escape from the royal capital to Lubuk Jambi. Under pressure by the Padri, the Pagaruyung royal family requested assistance from the Dutch, and before that they had conducted diplomacy with the British when Raffles

2650:

The political culture that lived in the West Sumatra village government since the policy of uniformity (Law No.5 of 1979) was applied to the parochial political culture. this condition is seen through the power system, the ruling system, the terms of the ruler, and the role of the ruler in the

3713:

The Census population of West Sumatra was 2.8 million in 1971, 3.4 million in 1980, 4.0 million in 1990, 4.25 million in 2000, 4.85 million in 2010, and 5.53 million in 2020, of whom 2,786,360 were male and 2,748,112 were female. In 2010, 88% were recorded by the

2658:

Nagari government is an autonomous government structure, has a clear territory and adheres to adat as a regulator of the life of its members. the regency replaced the term village government that was used previously. Whereas for the nagari in the city government system still as a traditional

1551:(present-day Jakarta) until his death, and was buried in the Mangga Dua cemetery. After the fall, the influence and prestige of the kingdom of Pagaruyung remained high, especially among Minangkabau people who were overseas. One of Pagaruyung's royal heirs was invited to become a ruler in 4333:

The West Sumatra industry is dominated by small scale industries or households. The number of industrial units is 47,819 units, consisting of 47,585 small industrial units and 234 large medium industrial units, with a ratio of 203: 1. In 2001 large medium industry investment reached Rp

3699:

consists of 7 of the regencies in the province (Mentawai Islands, Pesisir Selatan, Solok, Sikunjung, Tanah Datar, South Solok and Dharmasraya), together with 4 cities (Padang Panjang, Padang, Solok and Sawahlunto), and elects 8 members to the People's Representative Council. The

3835:

which has several dialects, such as the Bukittinggi dialect, Pariaman dialect, South Coastal dialect, and Payakumbuh dialect. In the Pasaman and West Pasaman regions bordering North Sumatra, the Batak Mandailing dialect is also spoken. Meanwhile, in the Mentawai archipelago, the

1793:

of West Sumatra have been cited as areas which were particularly active in communism. During the PRRI rebellion, the insurgents arrested leftist activists and placed them in detention camps in West Sumatra. PKI cadres were detained at Situjuh and Suliki, while followers of the

4289:

declined from 5.90% to 5.79%. This figure is above the national average in February 2024 which reached 4.82%. In February 2024, the number of West Sumatra's workforce reached 3.09 million people, an increase of 86,780 people compared to the total workforce in February 2023.

4035:

Minangkabau music in the form of instrumental and songs from this area are generally melancholy. This is closely related to the structure of the community which has a sense of brotherhood, kinship relations and love of a high homeland supported by the habit of going abroad.

4561:

Natural attractions of the mainland include the tropical forests, mountains, volcanos, lakes, valleys, rivers & waterfalls in the highlands, the fauna and flora, and the beaches around Padang. Many areas are protected as part of national parks and reserves. The city of

721:, although the traditional Minangkabau region is actually wider than the province's boundaries, covering up to the western coast of North Sumatra, the southwestern coast of Aceh, the western region of Riau, the western region of Jambi, the northern region of Bengkulu, and 4566:

is a popular central location in the highlands from which to explore the culture and history of the Minangkabau people, including architecture, crafts, dances, music and food. There are a number of museums and cultural centers. Pariaman has one of the famous festivals,

4926:(serve) style Padang restaurant, after the customers are seated, they do not have to order. The waiter immediately serves the dishes directly to the table, and the table will quickly be set with dozens of small dishes filled with highly flavored foods such as beef 2663:

villages of West Sumatra have tried to build efforts to facilitate the political policies of the village government or since exchanging back into nagari, namely changing the structure and process between village government structures made under Law No. 5 of 1979.

1741:

rebellion, based on emergency law number 19 of 1957, Central Sumatra Province was further divided into three provinces: West Sumatra Province, Riau Province, and Jambi Province. The Kerinci region which was previously incorporated in the South Sumatra Regency of

4079:. The peculiarities of Minangkabau dance are generally influenced by the Islamic religion, the uniqueness of matrilineal customs and the habit of migrating their communities also give a great influence on the soul of a classical dance that is classic, including 5873:

Memoir of the Life and Public Services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles: Particularly in the Government of Java, 1811–1816, Bencoolen and Its Dependencies, 1817–1824: With Details of the Commerce and Resources of the Eastern Archipelago, and Selections from His

2654:

The kinship system in developing participant political culture began to shift, in terms of the level of sensitivity, the form of tolerance in kinship, and the role of seniority in kinship. This means that the lack of togetherness in the kinship power system.

1417:, and to recognize the designated Aceh governors for the west coast of Sumatra. But around 1665, the Minangkabau people on the west coast rebelled against the Aceh governor. From the letter of the Minangkabau ruler Raja Pagaruyung submitted a request to the 2612:

While the relationship between the provincial government and the regency and city governments is not a sub-ordinate, each of these regional governments governs and manages government affairs according to the principle of autonomy and co-administration.

1457:

who had sent spears and swords made from gold, as a sign of her inauguration as the ruler of the land. While the Dutch and British succeeded in reaching the interior of the Minangkabau region, they had never found significant gold reserves in the area.

4337:

For the cement processing industry, in 2012 West Sumatra produced 6,522,006 tons, higher than last year's 6,151,636 tons. While the sales volume in 2012 was 6,845,070 tons, an increase of 10.20% compared to last year which was 6,211,603 tons.

5155: 3811:, which are not intelligible with either Indonesian nor Minangkabau. Small minority of the Mentawais are Christians nowadays. In the Mentawai Islands, where the majority of the population is Mentawai, it is rare to find Minangkabau people. 3704:

consists of the remaining 5 regencies (Padang Pariaman, Agam, Lima Puluk Kota, Pasaman and West Pasaman), together with the 3 cities of Bukittinggi, Pariaman and Payakumbuh, and elects 6 members to the People's Representative Council.

4198:

is made in the form of a rectangle and is divided into two front and rear parts, generally made of wood, and at first glance it looks like a stilt house with a distinctive roof, prominent like a buffalo horn, the local people call it

6459: 5137: 1060:, but since the 19th century, the Minangkabau and the Malays began to be seen as distinguished, from the matrilineal culture of the Minangkabau that persisted compared to the patrilineal culture adopted by Malay society in general. 2710:

and seven autonomous cities, which lie outside any regency. The regencies and cities are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.

4262:

warriors in short-range battles which are usually secret weapons, especially those using tiger martial arts moves. Various other types of weapons have also been used such as spears, long swords, arrows, chopsticks and so on.

1267:

after the end of the 14th century had little effect, especially relating to the patrilineal system, and gave a relatively new phenomenon to the people in the interior of Minangkabau. At the beginning of the 16th century, the

2600:, as well as a number of nature reserves: Rimbo Panti Nature Reserve, Batang Palupuh Nature Reserve, Lembah Anai Nature Reserve, Lembah Harau Nature Reserve, Bung Hatta Grand Forest Park, and Beringin Sakti Nature Reserve. 5791:

The history of Sumatra: containing an account of the government, laws, customs and manners of the native inhabitants, with a description of the natural productions, and a relation of the ancient political state of that

1543:. But the Dutch colonial ambitions caused the Adat and the Padri to forget their differences in secret to drive the Dutch away. On 2 May 1833 Sultan Tangkal Alam Bagagarsyah was captured by Lieutenant Colonel Elout in 6287: 3970:

Two Datuks, Minangkabau tribal or village leader, are chatting among the preparation of cultural ceremony called Batagak Datuak or Batagak Penghulu (Inauguration of the Leader) in District of Kamang Magek, Agam, West

1490:. The power of the king of Pagaruyung was very weak in the days leading up to the Padri war, although the king was still respected by his subject. The areas on the western coast fell into the influence of Aceh, while 1519:

government had limited his authority and only appointed him the Regent of Tanah Datar. Because of the policy it encouraged Sultan Tangkal Alam Bagagarsyah to start thinking about expelling the Dutch from the region.

2681:

government one of the princes was chosen to become the guardian of the Nagari. Then in running the government, the nagari guardians are assisted by a number of jorong or jorong guardians, but now assisted by the

1972:

currents contain water vapor from Asia and the Pacific Ocean during the rainy season. Such conditions occur every half-year after passing the transition period in between April – May and October – November.

4816:

dietary law rigorously. Protein intake are mostly taken from beef, water buffalo, goat, lamb meat, and poultry and fish. Minangkabau people are known for their fondness of cattle meat products including

1485:

between the British and the Netherlands was signed in 1814, the Dutch re-entered Padang in May 1819. The Dutch reaffirmed their influence on the island of Sumatra and Pagaruyung, with the signing of the

4211:, which tells of the arrival of their ancestors by boat from the sea. Another distinctive feature of this traditional house is not using iron nails but using wooden pegs, but strong enough as a binder. 4419:

banks amounting to Rp. 33.8 trillion. While the total assets of rural banks in the province reached Rp 1.53 trillion with the value of lending by the bank amounting to Rp 1.03 trillion.

6722: 6386: 1297:

With the entry of Islam, the customary rules that are contrary to the teachings of Islam began to be replaced with the Islamic-based customary law. There is a famous Minangkabau custom proverb, "

3672:

Before the reforms of 1999 and the implementation of regional autonomy in 2001, the lowest local government unit under the district administrations was the Javanese model of the village, the

2547:) bordering on a tropical monsoon climate. The climate is very much dictated by the surrounding sea and the prevailing wind system. It has high average temperature and high average rainfall. 5307:

Nāgarakrětāgama; Lofdicht van Prapanjtja op Koning Radjasanagara, Hajam Wuruk, van Madjapahit, Naar Het Eenige Daarvan Bekende Handschrift, Aangetroffen in de Puri te Tjakranagara op Lombok

3898:

has a gonjong-shaped building, decorated with Minang carvings and calligraphy. There is also a mosque with a roof consisting of several levels, which are getting smaller and more concave.

1595:. Along with the fall of the Kingdom of Pagaruyung, and the involvement of the Dutch in the Padri War, the Dutch East Indies government began to make the interior of Minangkabau a part of 6648: 3874:

Various places of worship, which are dominated by mosques and musallas, can be found in every district and city in West Sumatra. The largest mosque is the Grand Mosque of West Sumatra

1433:

to establish relations with Pagaruyung. It is recorded that in 1684, a Portuguese explorer named Tomas Dias paid a visit to Pagaruyung at the behest of the Dutch governor general in

4509:

port in Padang is the largest and busiest on the western coast of Sumatra. It is used for exporting goods from West Sumatra as well as from some areas of the neighboring provinces.

1473:

where the Dutch were on the French side, the British fought the Dutch and again succeeded in taking control of the coast of West Sumatra between 1795 and 1819. The British governor

6215: 4043:

Record companies in West Sumatra that support the Minang music industry include: Tanama Record, Planet Record, Pitunang Record, Sinar Padang Record, Caroline Record located in

4892:

in it to give a fresh scent. This water is used to wash one's hands before and after eating. If a customer does not wish to eat with bare hands, it is acceptable to ask for a

6877: 6283: 1932:

West Sumatra is one of the earthquake-prone areas in Indonesia, due to its location in the tectonic slab located between the confluence of two major continental plates (the

6839: 5001:

style. After the customer is seated, he or she is asked which dishes they desire. The chosen dishes will be put directly upon the steamed rice or in separate small plates.

4225:

is inhabited jointly by five to ten families. In general, this uma construction was built without the use of nails, but it was cooked with wood and a cross-linking system.

1587:. Then with the strengthening of the political and economic influence of the VOC, until the 18th century this administrative region included the west coast of Sumatra from 6670: 6309: 1505:. In several negotiations there was no agreement between them. Pagaruyung's kingdom was in turmoil, and the peak of the war was when the Padri under the leadership of 4654:

Education is highly valued in the Minangkabau culture, therefore West Sumatra was once a center of education on the island of Sumatra, especially in the education of

5942:

Hamka (12 Februari 1975). Pidato Prof. Dr. Hamka dalam upacara pemakaman kembali Sultan Alam Bagagar Syah di Balai Kota Jakarta. Jakarta:Penerbit Pustaka Panjimas.

4256:. While kerambit is a small sharp weapon that curves like a tiger's nails, because it is inspired by the hooves of the beast. This deadly weapon is used by Minang 1515:

Minangkabau, died and was later buried in Pagaruyung. Sultan Tangkal Alam Bagagarsyah on the other hand wanted to be recognized as the king of Pagaruyung, but the

4489:

Regular bus services run between Padang and Bukittinggi, and the other major cities of Sumatra. Other public transport options within the province include train,

3741:

In 2015, about 44.2% of West Sumatran lived in urban areas. Most of the urban population of West Sumatra is concentrated in the centre-west coast of province and

7785: 536: 4662:

model which is considered more modern. Since Islamic scholars sponsored many village schools, West Sumatra had one of the highest literacy rates in Indonesia.

4575:

international cycling race had boosted the number of the foreign tourists to West Sumatra. The majority of the foreign tourists are Malaysians and Australian.

6700: 1274:, written between 1513 and 1515, recorded from the three Minangkabau kings, only one of whom had been a Muslim convert from 15 years before. The influence of 5169: 1738: 6732: 6223: 6950: 4785:(rice). No traditional Padang meal is complete without the three—spicy chili sauce, thick curry, and perfect steamed rice. Among the cooking traditions in 1008:

to the island of Sumatra around 2,500–2,000 years ago. It is estimated that this community group entered from the east of the island of Sumatra, along the

6382: 3904: 1583:

The name West Sumatra originated in the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) era, where the designation of the area for the west coast of Sumatra was

1219:

which is the ceremony of the transfer of power from Adityawarman to his crown prince, this can be attributed to the Chinese chronicle of 1377 about the

1290:, was a cleric who was thought to first spread Islam in Pagaruyung. By the 17th century, the Kingdom of Pagaruyung transformed itself into an Islamic 4499: 780:

in Jambi. Before becoming a province in 1957, West Sumatra was a part of the province of Central Sumatra (1948–1957), alongside Riau, Jambi, and the

7399: 6347: 5965: 5534: 5029:

Padang) for Indonesian workers' lunch break in urban areas, was demonstrated in 2016; when Jakarta municipal civil servants demanded the raise of

4962:, the spicy sauces ubiquitous at Indonesian tables. Customers take—and pay for—only what they want from this array. The best known Padang dish is 5740: 1890: 257: 6814: 7780: 7025: 1572: 490: 6656: 7790: 6525: 6428: 5709: 2526: 1866: 7795: 5394: 1898: 1894: 1778: 1691: 1421:(VOC), and the VOC at that time took the opportunity to end Aceh's monopoly on gold and pepper. Furthermore, the VOC through its regent in 685: 6926: 4184:

is usually built on a plot of land belonging to the parent family in the tribe and people from generation to generation. Not far from the

6116: 6090: 4639:

Terusan Island, and Karao Island. At the southern part will be developed Kerabak Ketek Island, Kerabak Gadang Island, and Kosong Island.

4486:

cause congestion. After the overpass opens, the old Kelok Sembilan road is still open together with the new Kelok Sembilan for tourists.

4097:. Meanwhile, there is also a performance typical of other Minangkabau ethnic groups in the form of a unique blend of martial arts called 1440:

Around 1750 the Pagaruyung kingdom began to dislike the presence of the VOC in Padang and once tried to persuade the British who were in

127: 5244: 150: 6899: 3871:, number around 2.2%, Buddhists are around 0.26%, and Hindus are around 0.01%, the two latter being adopted by immigrant communities. 7368: 7215: 4922:

in restaurants customers choose from those dishes, which are left on display in high-stacked plates in the windows. During a dine-in

4366:

West Sumatra has the potential of group A, B and C mining materials. Group A mining materials, namely coal, are found in the city of

1481:

began. At that time Raffles discovered that the capital city of the kingdom had been burned because of the war. After the signing of

6189: 3932: 1494:

on the southern coast practically became an independent kingdom although officially still under the rule of the king of Pagaruyung.

5323:. Translated by Wade, Geoff. Singapore: Asia Research Institute and the Singapore E-Press, National University of Singapore. 2005. 4658:

by mosque as the main base place. During the colonial rule Islamic schools of education are so marginalized in comparison with the

3815:

are only found in big cities, such as Padang, Bukittinggi, and Payakumbuh. In Padang and Pariaman, there are also small numbers of

1241:

temple, the areas that were formerly part of Adityawarman's land. Whereas the recorded devout adherents besides Adityawarman, were

1191:. Adityawarman's kingdom had the strength to dominate the central Sumatra region and its surrounding. This was proven by the title 6869: 1328:

and several other terms related to Islam. The naming of the Sumpur Kudus District, which contains the words derived from the word

6984: 6847: 6332:

Franz and Keebet von Benda-Beckmann, "Recentralization and Decentralization in West Sumatra," in Holtzappel and Ramstedt (eds.),

2636: 1718: 933:

and are translated as the meeting point of twin rivers. The twin river is supposed to refer to the meeting of two sources of the

711: 3807:

live on the Mentawai Islands, off the western coast of Sumatra, that are also part of the native people of province. They speak

7770: 7206: 5730:, Batavia-'s Hage, Albrecht & Co.-M. Nijhoff. 40p. 8vo wrs. Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Deel 39. 4702:, the biggest stadium in West Sumatra. After 1 season of an impressive season, in 2024 Semen Padang FC returned to compete in 4554:

The prime tourist attractions of West Sumatra are the natural environment, and the culture and history of the Minangkabau and

1305:. But in some cases, several systems and methods of adat were still maintained causing the outbreak of civil war known as the 6800: 6779: 6755: 6550: 6500: 6479: 6084: 6057: 6018: 5994: 5453: 5274: 5238: 1607:. Furthermore, in the development of the colonial administration of the Dutch East Indies, this area was incorporated in the 1165:. Jayanagara was born from the marriage of Raden Wijaya and Dara Petak, who would become the second king of Majapahit, while 1068: 6678: 6319: 6024: 4350: 7392: 1949: 1810: 6372:) as amended by Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2022 and Regulation of General Elections Commission No. 6/2023. 1944:, plus the activity of the active volcanoes. Large earthquakes that occurred recently in West Sumatra earthquake were the 1278:

in Pagaruyung developed around the 16th century, namely through travelers and religious teachers who stopped or came from

7775: 3850:

is widely understood as a second-language. It is used as the language of education as well as interethnic communication.

1685: 461: 7018: 4218:

also have a traditional house in the form of a large stilt house with a floor height of up to one meter of land called

1324:

Islam also had an influence on Pagaruyung kingdom's government system with the addition of government elements such as

1233:

region. Some inland areas of central Sumatra are still influenced by Buddhism, evident in the Padangroco temple, the

684:. The official estimate at mid 2023 was 5,757,210 (comprising 2,900,270 males and 2,856,940 females). The province is 6625: 6604: 6584: 5817: 5752: 5675: 5571: 5546: 5478: 5069: 4440: 4271:

Gradually, the economy of West Sumatra began to move positively after experiencing pressure due to the impact of the

5889:

Herinneringen uit den Levensloop van een Indisch Ambtenaar van 1815 tot 1851: Medegedeeld in briefen door E. Francis

4410:. Group C mining materials spread throughout all districts and cities, mostly consisting of sand, stone and gravel. 3757:

rank as West Sumatra's next most populous cities, with populations of 144,830 and 124,050 respectively in mid 2023.

1809:, where communism was active. Numerous examples of anti-communist resentment also occurred, for instance during the 6692: 5064: 4478:. The provincial government plans to upgrade the later two roads over the next few years to improve traffic flows. 1234: 676:

to the south. The province has an area of 42,119.54 km (16,262.45 sq mi), or about the same size as

2541: 1975:

The city of Padang is one of Indonesia's wettest cities, with frequent rainfall throughout the course of the year.

1615:

region which had just been surrendered by the British to the Dutch. Then expanded again by including Tapanuli and

68: 7827: 7385: 6284:"Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) Provinsi Sumatera Barat Menurut Kabupaten/Kota [Metode Baru] 2018–2020" 5494: 3944: 1195:

which was held by Adityawarman recorded on the back of the Amoghapasa carving, found in the upper reaches of the

946: 761: 6942: 4728:

and runs through inland West Sumatran cities. This sporting event is also meant to promote West Sumatra tourism

6250: 5074: 4120:

dance generally tells about animal behavior, so the title is adjusted to the names of the animals, for example

6564:

Sistem ekonomi tradisional sebagai perwujudan tanggapan aktif manusia terhadap lingkungan daerah Sumatra Barat

6452: 7832: 7011: 5786: 1737:. West Sumatra, Riau and Jambi were part of the residency within the province of Central Sumatra. During the 983: 17: 7309: 3749:

is the major metropolitan areas with the population of 942,940 in mid 2023; Minangkabau highlands cities of

1413:

At the beginning of the 17th century, the Pagaruyung Kingdom was forced to recognize the sovereignty of the

580: 7542: 5324: 4721: 3895: 3875: 3867:

is the majority religion adopted by 97% of the population of West Sumatra. Christians, concentrated in the

3669:

As a new regency, Dharmasraya got the highest score (59.43) from a possible 100 among other new regencies.

2597: 1264: 2555:

The province includes large areas of dense tropical forest, which is home to a host of species including:

1453:

with the equal power. Previously in 1732, the VOC regent in Padang had noted that there was a queen named

1183:

influence in western Sumatra emerged around the 13th century, and began during the Pamalayu expedition by

7738: 6566:, hlm. 202, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Kebudayaan Daerah. 4150: 3920: 2537: 700:, although several of them are relatively low in population compared with cities elsewhere in Indonesia. 6355: 693: 7199: 5079: 1548: 1487: 1482: 753: 6515: 5187: 1837:

mountain range that runs from north-west to south-east, and an offshore island archipelago called the

982:

passed from generation to generation, the ancestors of the Minangkabau people were the descendants of

1953: 1246: 1184: 1100: 914: 902: 7318: 7259: 6135: 4547: 4272: 3868: 3658: 2850: 1965: 1838: 1755: 1659: 1639: 1418: 953:

has nothing to do with "meeting point", because these can also be found in other Srivijaya relics.

604: 246: 6522: 6420: 6010:

Change and continuity in Minangkabau: local, regional, and historical perspectives on West Sumatra

3691:

The province comprises two of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the

7455: 7274: 7264: 7254: 5016:

are Sederhana, Garuda, Pagi Sore, Simpang Raya, Sari Ratu, Sari Minang, Payakumbuah and Natrabu.

4699: 4399: 3894:. The typical Minangkabau architecture dominates both the form of the mosque and the musala. The 3580: 3567: 3549: 3360: 3041: 2987: 2879: 2586: 1945: 1802: 1204: 1142: 835: 525: 504: 475: 7505: 3684:, which are larger than villages elsewhere in Indonesia, have been reintroduced in place of the 1372:(Mu'alim), which is a substitute for Hindu and Buddhist terms used previously, such as the term 1095:

is estimated to have appeared in the year 645 thought to be located in the upper reaches of the

921:. Some experts who refer to the source of the inscription suspects that the 4th line words (... 7408: 4798: 4459: 2707: 2508: 1287: 1136: 681: 660:

off that coast. West Sumatra borders the Indian Ocean to the west, as well as the provinces of

645: 51: 6923: 6113: 6074: 5012:

alone there are at least 20,000 Padang restaurant establishments. Several notable Minangkabau

5004:

There are myriad Padang food establishments throughout Indonesia and the region, according to

7822: 7748: 7722: 7192: 6748:

The Transnational and the Local in the Politics of Islam: The Case of West Sumatra, Indonesia

6247:"Review UU Nomor 5 Tahun 1979 dan UU Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 Relasi Vertikal dan Horizontal Desa" 5805: 3859: 3742: 3692: 2593: 1937: 1817:

members took place in Sumatra, actions motivated by the communist past of these individuals.

1806: 1057: 5220: 4694:

West Sumatra is also home of several professional soccer clubs. The most popular of them is

4294:

the trade sector again increased, from 19.83% in February 2023 to 22.81% in February 2024.

7595: 7417: 7299: 6903: 6696: 6151: 5151: 5133: 4194:

that functions as a place of worship and a place of residence for unmarried adult men. The

3879: 3832: 3794: 3715: 3619: 3364: 3151: 1941: 407: 242: 192: 114: 92: 4884:

In Padang food establishments, it is common to eat with one's hands. They usually provide

8: 7294: 7289: 7249: 7236: 6193: 4407: 4395: 3961: 3887: 3847: 3812: 3680: 3674: 3606: 3536: 3523: 3124: 3095: 2960: 2631: 1466: 1200: 1124: 990: 863: 853: 689: 637: 564: 402: 365: 6155: 1301:", which means that the Minangkabau adat is based on Islam, while Islam is based on the 1169:

was born from the marriage of Dara Jingga and Adwayawarman; he later became king of the

881:

as one of the Malay countries that has been conquered by the Majapahit. Likewise in the

7689: 7651: 7613: 7608: 7565: 7184: 5853: 5516: 5442: 4931: 4786: 4760: 4703: 4666: 4542: 4169: 4072: 3775: 3766: 3719: 3363:(HDI). The figures come from the 2020 Indonesia Human Development Report, published by 2557: 1795: 1751: 1655: 1616: 1565: 1445:

rich in gold, and at that time the power of the Minangkabau king was divided into king

1399: 1170: 942: 797: 745: 718: 341: 6988: 820:, it is said that at one time there was a foreign kingdom (usually interpreted as the 7674: 7279: 6796: 6775: 6751: 6621: 6600: 6580: 6546: 6496: 6475: 6080: 6053: 6014: 5990: 5813: 5748: 5671: 5567: 5542: 5474: 5468: 5449: 5270: 5234: 4713: 4709: 4683: 4659: 4604: 4572: 4521: 4444: 4383: 4371: 4286: 4162: 3837: 3808: 3727: 3632: 2933: 2678: 2456: 1874: 1870: 1834: 1516: 1196: 1108: 1096: 1041: 938: 741:

is a predominant religion in the province, with about 97.4% of the total population.

486: 457: 428: 412: 355: 351: 5642:

Basel, J.L. (1847). "Begin en Voortgang van onzen Handel en Voortgang op Westkust".

5173: 4203:

and the roof was formerly made from palm fiber before changing to a zinc roof. This

1841:. The West Sumatran coastline faces the Indian Ocean and stretches 375 km from 7707: 7631: 7580: 7575: 7429: 6314: 6169: 6159: 6049:

Subversion as Foreign Policy: The Secret Eisenhower and Dulles Debacle in Indonesia

5845: 5412: 5226: 5056: 5033:(food allowance, as a component of civil servant's salary), following the raise of 5013: 3981:

The musical elements giving the nuance consist of traditional musical instruments,

2640: 1914: 1721:

in 1945, the West Sumatra region was incorporated in the Sumatra province based in

1599:, an area under Dutch supervision, and the Minangkabau region was divided into the 1527:

in Java, the Dutch then tried to conquer the Padri with shipments of soldiers from

1474: 1226: 657: 262: 7003: 6334:

Decentralization and Regional Autonomy in Indonesia: Implementation and Challenges

5810:

To live as brothers: southeast Sumatra in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

4903: 4595:

Air Manih beach – The beach that stretch from the north to south of Padang coastal

3771: 1161:, as well as the heir to the Singhasari kingdom, while Dara Jingga was married to 7743: 7717: 7585: 7570: 7269: 6930: 6727: 6543:

Asal usul elite Minangkabau modern: respons terhadap kolonial Belanda abad XIX/XX

6529: 6519: 6456: 6120: 6047: 6008: 4955: 4555: 4448: 4403: 4215: 4076: 3804: 3786: 3735: 3731: 3645: 3068: 2992: 2938: 1743: 1730: 1560: 1556: 1470: 1294:. The first Islamic king in the Minangkabau traditional culture was Sultan Alif. 1113: 872: 777: 734: 724: 361: 346: 5120:

Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape

840:

which also mentions that the victory made the country that was previously named

7702: 7666: 7646: 7641: 7336: 6408:

Competitiveness Analysis And Development Strategies For 33 Indonesian Provinces

5833: 5230: 5222:

Competitiveness Analysis and Development Strategies for 33 Indonesian Provinces

4794: 4756: 4737: 4725: 4688: 4618: 4432: 4314:

sector in 2012 has sustained the growth of the agricultural industry by 4.07%.

3841: 3453: 3249: 3073: 2787: 2562: 1933: 1922: 1906: 1854: 1786: 1747: 1703: 1540: 1506: 1462: 1430: 1414: 1092: 1085: 890: 773: 765: 4972:(crispy beef in spicy soup) is local residents' breakfast favorite, meanwhile 1384: 752:

in 1347. The first European to come to the region was a French traveler named

7816: 7800: 7697: 7656: 7490: 7475: 7284: 7066: 7053: 6493:

Theater and martial arts in West Sumatra: Randai and silek of the Minangkabau

6424: 4717: 4613: 4536: 4391: 3891: 3593: 3158: 3129: 2906: 2698:(nagari residents) democratically in direct elections for 6 years in office. 2625:

Minangkabau settlement in Nagari Koto Baru, now known as Seribu Rumah Gadang.

2574: 2570: 2382: 1902: 1886: 1882: 1850: 1842: 1734: 1726: 1532: 1188: 1004:

The Minang community is part of the Deutro-Malay community who migrated from

661: 165: 152: 5849: 5668:

Islamic revivalism in a changing peasant economy: central Sumatra, 1784–1847

5539:

Runtuhnya Kerajaan Hindu-Jawa dan Timbulnya Negara-negara Islam di Nusantara

5523:. Pusat Penelitian Purbakala dan Peninggalan Nasional, Departemen P & K. 4427: 1746:, was incorporated into Jambi Province as a separate regency. Likewise, the 1270: 1052:, headed by a resident who by the Minangkabau community was called the name 997:

who also tells how the Minangkabau people sent their representatives to ask

7679: 7527: 7485: 7244: 5931:

Het einde Padri Oorlog: Het beleg en de vermeestering van Bondjol 1834–1837

4889: 4834: 4778: 4764: 4695: 4665:

West Sumatra is home to several universities, the most notable of which is

4627: 4452: 4307: 4180: 4174: 4145: 4099: 3723: 3495: 3019: 3014: 1918: 1910: 1878: 1862: 1426: 1318: 1166: 1162: 1154: 1073: 1009: 998: 994: 986: 971: 934: 882: 781: 757: 749: 382: 2659:

institution, it has not become part of the regional government structure.

2629:

Until 1979, the smallest administrative unit in West Sumatra was called a

1395: 7712: 7377: 7326: 6164: 6139: 5035: 4998: 4968: 4918: 4842: 4643: 4623: 4563: 4506: 4471: 4387: 4085: 4048: 3816: 3754: 3406: 3272: 2965: 2748: 1858: 1798: 1782: 1722: 1544: 1511: 1257: 1252: 1242: 1238: 1150: 1005: 677: 5857: 4158: 1145:, the Pamalayu returned to Java with the daughters of King Dharmasraya, 7557: 7351: 7346: 6597:

Mengenal Rumah Adat, Pakaian Adat, Tarian Adat, Dan Senjata Tradisional

6383:"BPS – Persentase Penduduk Daerah Perkotaan Menurut Provinsi 2010–2035" 4993: 4748: 4586: 4582: 4367: 4355: 3750: 3481: 3425: 3295: 3226: 3102: 2766: 1926: 1725:. Four years later, Sumatra Province was divided into three provinces: 1592: 1491: 1317:, who were the Minangkabau nobility and traditional chiefs; later, the 1146: 1132: 1001:, one of the descendants of Iskandar Zulkarnain, to become their king. 6174: 6124:. Ann Arbor, Mich: The University of Michigan Press, 1995. pp. 163–164 5630:

Achehnese Control over West Sumatra up to the Treaty of Painan of 1663

4724:(UCI). It covers more than 700 kilometers, from Padang passing around 3966: 3793:

West Sumatra is the native homeland of Minangkabau people. They speak

3339:

The cities and regencies are together sub-divided into 179 districts (

2759: 2621: 1801:

and other groups were detained at the Muara Labuh camp. Incidentally,

1056:

Initially, The Minangkabau people were included as a sub-group of the

593: 7636: 7547: 7532: 6449: 5917:

De vestiging en uitbreiding der Nederlanders ter westkust van Sumatra

5770:

Memoir of the life and public services of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles

5444:

Leaves of the Same Tree: Trade and Ethnicity in the Straits of Melaka

4878: 4854: 4850: 4767:

and spicy chili. Minang cuisine put much emphasis in three elements;

4475: 4302: 4071:

Broadly speaking, dance from West Sumatra is from the customs of the

3993: 3046: 2857: 2578: 1478: 1403: 1389: 1306: 1158: 1123:

recorded the existence of the Malay Kingdom which had its capital in

1119: 1104: 910: 821: 649: 419: 185: 6246: 6114:

Capitalism and Confrontation in Sumatra's Plantation Belt, 1870–1979

5320: 4646:" or Plate Dance which is originally came from Solok, West Sumatra. 2742: 2724: 1829:, and has an area of 42,119.54 km. Geographic features include 812:(cattle). The name is associated with a Minangkabau legend known as 7623: 7460: 7341: 7158: 4935: 4677: 4517: 4379: 4322: 4248: 4237:

Tari Piring ("plate dance") from Minangkabau region of West Sumatra

3467: 3318: 2582: 1846: 1814: 1774: 1536: 1524: 1441: 1407: 1221: 1208: 1180: 1176: 1128: 966: 906: 730: 673: 436: 392: 387: 6460:

Kampung Keling, Tempat Tinggal Muslim India di Pariaman dan Padang

4462:

which runs the length of the province, heading north-west towards

4455:

in Malaysia, as well as servicing most large cities in Indonesia.

4054: 1131:

emerged in 1275–1293 under the leadership of Kebo Anabrang of the

7537: 7470: 7442: 7421: 6013:. Ohio University Center for International Studies. p. 228. 5009: 4985: 4963: 4947: 4927: 4909: 4870: 4866: 4790: 4494: 4482: 4467: 4024: 3983: 2911: 2777: 2566: 1826: 1766: 1765:

has historically had an influence in the politics and society of

1762: 1552: 1434: 1283: 1216: 894: 653: 197: 5469:

Mahāwitthayālai Sinlapākō̜n; Phāk Wichā Phāsā Tawanʻō̜k (2003).

1869:(5.0 km). Most of the rivers in West Sumatra flow into the 832:" (winning cattle). The story of the Tambo is also found in the 551: 7522: 7331: 7228: 6815:"Semen Padang FC Promosi ke Liga 1 Usai Taklukkan Malut United" 5497:(1989). "Peranan Adityawarman Putera Melayu di Asia Tenggara". 5421:

Penerjemah: John Leyden, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, dan Brown.

5156:"Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Per Kapita (Ribu Rupiah), 2022" 5021: 4959: 4858: 4846: 4826: 4809: 4632: 4568: 4513: 4375: 4327: 4105: 4059: 4044: 3883: 3820: 3798: 3782: 3746: 3392: 3180: 2884: 2731: 1790: 1770: 1422: 1361: 1345: 1291: 1212: 1016:

which became the home of the Minangkabau people. Some of these

756:

who arrived around 1523. The region was later colonised by the

704: 424: 219: 6975: 6723:"25 Pulau di Pesisir Selatan Berpotensi sebagai Tempat Wisata" 5219:

Tan, Khee Giap; Mulya Amri; Low, Linda; Tan, Kong Yam (2013).

4233: 4154:

Balai, council chamber, on Sumatra's west coast, dated c. 1895

1388:

Dutch forces charging towards Minangkabau position during the

7465: 7356: 7171: 5294:. London: Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 4981: 4977: 4943: 4939: 4907:

Authentic Minangkabau rendang is dark in colour, served with

4893: 4874: 4838: 4818: 4813: 4805:

sauce with coconut milk and the heavy use of spices mixture.

4802: 4769: 4742: 4655: 4490: 4463: 4258: 4190: 3998: 3911: 3864: 3439: 3203: 2783: 1830: 1672: 1588: 1406:. Ultimately he was captured the Dutch and was exiled to the 1310: 1302: 1275: 738: 696:. It has relatively more cities than other provinces outside 669: 500: 471: 377: 6269: 6267: 6192:. Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. Archived from 5321:"Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu: An Open Access Resource" 5205: 5203: 5201: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5095: 2686:

secretary and civil servants depending on the needs of each

909:. In the inscription, it was stated that the founder of the 7603: 7514: 7480: 7450: 7127: 7079: 6637:

Central Statistics Agency West Sumatra Province (2017-2022)

5561: 4951: 4897: 4830: 4532: 4243: 4168:

The traditional house of West Sumatra, especially from the

3745:. West Sumatra has 3 cities with populations over 100,000. 2536:

As in most other province of Indonesia, West Sumatra has a

1805:, a noted anti-communist and religious leader was from the 1665: 1626: 1555:, Malaysia. Likewise when Raffles was still on duty in the 1528: 1497:

In the early 19th century a conflict broke out between the

1279: 833: 796:(Land of Minangkabau), as it is the home and origin of the 722: 697: 665: 6512: 5462: 5399:

Alam Terkembang Jadi Guru: Adat dan Kebudayaan Minangkabau

5168: 4451:

regency. The airport has direct international services to

3831:

The language used in everyday life in West Sumatra is the

1646:

and in 1935 the Kerinci region was also incorporated into

974:, In folklore is said to be the first Minangkabau village. 6943:"Gara-gara Nasi Padang, Belanja Negara Terpaksa Ditambah" 6535: 6264: 5198: 5092: 4822: 4669:. It is the oldest university in Indonesia outside Java. 1256:

Minangkabau royal seal from the 19th century, written in

1187:, and later during the reign of Adityawarman and his son 495: 466: 7214: 6649:"6 Infrastructure projects to boost West Sumatra's rank" 5933:: Een bronnenpublicatie, Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw. 5617:

Wapenfeiten van het Nederlands Indische Leger; 1816–1900

4873:

leaf, or simmered in thin curry as side dishes, such as

4763:. Padang food is famous for its rich taste of succulent 2609:

32 of 2004 and Government Regulation number 19 of 2010.

2502:

Source 1: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial

1825:

West Sumatra lies in the middle of the western coast of

1107:

in 682. And then in 1183 it appeared again based on the

945:. But this hypothesis is denied by the Dutch indologist 901:(Minanga kingdom) itself has also been mentioned in the 5987:

Memikir ulang regionalisme: Sumatra Barat tahun 1950-an

3678:. Under regional autonomy, the traditional Minangkabau 1901:. The mountains and volcanoes of West Sumatra include: 1679: 1402:

was one of the leader of the Padri movement during the

6870:"By the way ... I just can't live without Padang food" 5745:

Adat Minangkabau dan merantau dalam perspektif sejarah

5138:"Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (Milyar Rupiah), 2022" 1849:

in the south-east. The lakes of West Sumatra include:

1619:. But in 1905, the status of Tapanuli was upgraded to 1135:. After the submission of the kingdom recorded on the 993:). This tambo story is more or less comparable to the 772:), whose administrative area included the present-day 6308:

Indrasafitri, Dina; Sufa, Theresia (April 26, 2011).

6133: 5176:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pembangunan Nasional. 5150: 5132: 3359:

Cities and Regencies in West Sumatra in order of the

5046: 4916:

The cuisine is usually cooked once per day. To have

4207:

according to the local community was inspired by the

929:...) are actually incorporated, so that they become 737:, who inhabit the western islands of the same name. 132:

Location of West Sumatra (red) in Indonesia (beige).

7033: 6745: 5218: 4112:As for the typical Mentawai people dance is called 4022:, which is the delivery of chanting accompanied by 3734:comprised 4% of the population respectively, while 2751:

is known as a leading tourist city in West Sumatra.

2529:

Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration

1127:. A military expedition to West Sumatra called the 970:The village of Pariangan, located on the slopes of 5761: 5441: 5105:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, 4821:. Almost all the parts of a cattle, such as meat, 1889:, and others flow into the Indian Ocean, include: 885:Chronicles from 1405, there was the royal name of 869:In the historical record of the Majapahit Empire, 6985:"Statistics Indonesia—2000 Population Statistics" 5473:. Sanskrit Studies Centre, Silpakorn University. 1048:area became a territorial government area called 1020:areas then form a kind of confederation known as 106: 84: 7814: 6795:Transformative Islam, PT Pelangi LKiS Literacy, 6336:, Singapore and Leiden, 2009, pp. 233ff. at 302. 6307: 5599:Batuah, A. Dt. & Madjoindo, A. Dt., (1959), 5158:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. 5140:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik. 4443:, opened in July 2005, 23 km north-west of 4047:and Minang Record, Gita Virma Record located in 2706:West Sumatra Province is subdivided into twelve 702: 40: 6472:Sijobang: sung narrative poetry of West Sumatra 6220:Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration 6140:"Neotectonics of the Sumatran fault, Indonesia" 5144: 4869:). Vegetables are mostly boiled such as boiled 4370:. While group B mining materials consisting of 1833:, mountainous volcanic highlands formed by the 1758:areas are designated as part of Riau Province. 889:of the six kingdoms who sent messengers facing 877:which dated from 1365, also mentioned the name 6693:"West Sumatra attracts 3,051 foreign tourists" 6671:"Kelok Sembilan overpass set to open in April" 6046:Kahin, Audrey; Kahin, George McTurnan (1997). 5838:Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient 5019:The importance of Padang food establishments ( 3662: 3649: 3636: 3623: 3610: 3597: 3584: 3571: 3553: 3540: 3527: 3499: 3486: 3472: 3458: 3444: 3430: 3411: 3397: 1299:Adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah 7393: 7200: 7019: 6867: 5188:"Law No. 17 of 2022 on West Sumatra Province" 5126: 5122:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2003. 3738:who live in the Mentawai islands made up 1%. 2734:is the administrative center of the province. 1702:. On the basis of military geo-strategy, the 279:42,119.54 km (16,262.45 sq mi) 5562:Poesponegoro, M.D.; Notosusanto, N. (1992). 5269:. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. pp. 220–221. 5008:(Iwapin) or Warung Padang Bonds. In Greater 2669:was initially led jointly by the princes or 2643:and regional autonomy, since 2001, the term 1559:, he met Pagaruyung's relatives who were in 6348:"West Sumatra reinvents its original roots" 6310:"Awards note progress in regional autonomy" 5521:The archaeology and history of West Sumatra 5162: 3938:Saint Barbara Catholic church in Sawahlunto 2701: 1676:was also formed in almost the same period. 652:. It is on the west coast of the island of 7407: 7400: 7386: 7207: 7193: 7026: 7012: 6045: 6000: 5914: 5781: 5779: 5389: 5387: 4103:with dancing, singing and acting known as 3878:in Padang. The oldest mosques include the 3354: 2592:The province includes two national parks: 870: 862:, which is located in Sungayang District, 575:Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto 7369:List of regencies and cities of Indonesia 6861: 6173: 6163: 6066: 5970:Perang Paderi di Sumatra Barat, 1803–1838 5661: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5646:. Vol. 9, no. 2. pp. 1–95. 6222:. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived from 5981: 5979: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5698: 5696: 5515: 5493: 5264: 5107:Provinsi Sumatera Barat Dalam Angka 2024 4902: 4752:dishes, Minangkabau Bukittinggi cuisine. 4741: 4676: 4578:The favourite tourism places are : 4541: 4531: 4426: 4382:, copper, lead and silver are spread in 4349: 4321: 4301: 4232: 4157: 4149: 4053: 3965: 3781: 3770: 2620: 1571: 1547:on charges of treason. He was exiled to 1461:As a result of the conflict between the 1394: 1383: 1251: 1067: 965: 680:, with a population of 5,534,472 at the 6646: 6182: 5919:(in Dutch). Amsterdam: P.N. van Kampen. 5886: 5871:Raffles, Sophia (1835). "Chapter XII". 5870: 5864: 5798: 5785: 5776: 5767: 5533: 5384: 5258: 4698:, which regularly plays its matches in 4524:serves routes to Padang and Kayutanam. 4474:, and the road between Bukittinggi and 1710:and incorporated into the territory of 1229:requesting recognition as ruler of the 120:Agree to Implement the Consensus Result 14: 7815: 6840:"Marco's Bofet: Authentic Padang food" 6812: 6006: 5964: 5958: 5908: 5836:(1985). "Traditional Sumatran Trade". 5832: 5804: 5665: 5650: 5611: 5609: 5580: 5564:Sejarah nasional Indonesia: Jaman kuno 5541:. Yogyakarta: PT LKiS Pelangi Aksara. 5347:Les Inscriptions Malaises de Çrivijaya 4888:, a bowl of tap water with a slice of 4520:with round trips four times daily and 4317: 4241:Traditional, West Sumatra weapons are 2647:has been used again in this province. 1623:, while the Singkil area was given to 7381: 7188: 7007: 6345: 6072: 5976: 5915:Stuers, H.J.J.L.; Veth, P.J. (1849). 5768:Raffles, Sophia (1835). "Chapter V". 5708: 5693: 5641: 5555: 5393: 5209:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. 5174:"Capaian Indikator Utama Pembangunan" 4228: 1477:visited Pagaruyung in 1818, when the 1215:teaching ritual from Buddhism called 733:. Another native ethnic group is the 7041: 6703:from the original on August 22, 2016 6618:Mainan bagi roh: kebudayaan Mentawai 6273:Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. 5876:. Vol. 1. London: James Duncan. 5739: 5733: 4808:Because most Minangkabau people are 4139: 4066: 3975: 3914:, one of oldest mosques in Indonesia 1952:. The area was also affected by the 1950:2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami 1680:Japanese occupation and Independence 1585:Hoofdcomptoir van Sumatra's Westkust 1309:. The war was initially between the 1103:, this kingdom was conquered by the 6902:. Padangbaycity.com. Archived from 6346:Sasdi, Ardimas (January 25, 2008). 6208: 6105: 6079:. Equinox Publishing. p. 468. 5714:Sumatra Barat hingga Plakat Panjang 5644:Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indië 5606: 5527: 5487: 5381:Dinas Purbakala Republik Indonesia. 5360:Purbatjaraka, R.M. Ngabehi (1952). 4592:Panorama – Viewing to Sianok valley 3950:See Hin Kion Chinese temple, Padang 1686:Japanese occupation of West Sumatra 1601:Residentie Padangsche Benedenlanden 1523:After emerging victorious from the 1286:. One of the famous ulama of Aceh, 1076:, founder of a Minangkabau kingdom. 905:dated from 682 which is written in 848:. Furthermore, the use of the name 744:West Sumatra was the centre of the 24: 6953:from the original on 23 March 2019 6880:from the original on 23 March 2019 6868:Donny Syofyan (24 November 2013). 6677:. January 19, 2012. Archived from 6577:Cerita Rakyat dari Sumatra Barat 3 6562:Azinar Sayuti, Rifai Abu, (1985), 6545:, Jakarta:Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 6450:http://www.jambi-independent.co.id 6431:from the original on June 17, 2017 6052:. University of Washington Press. 5593: 5590:, London: Hakluyt Society, 2 vols. 4991:The serving style is different in 4801:influences, with dishes cooked in 4789:, Minangkabau cuisine and most of 3789:performing their traditional dance 3702:West Sumatra II Electoral District 3343:) and thence into 1,265 villages ( 2589:, and many birds and butterflies. 2550: 2527:Station ID for Mia Padang is 96163 1063: 961: 804:name comes from two words namely, 792:West Sumatra is known by the name 234:West Sumatra Provincial Government 25: 7844: 7538:Special Capital Region of Jakarta 6969: 6949:(in Indonesian). 5 October 2016. 6244: 6093:from the original on 11 July 2020 6027:from the original on 11 July 2020 5903:Memorie Tuanku Imam Bonjol (MTIB) 5628:Kathirithamby-Wells, J., (1969), 5359: 5070:List of governors of West Sumatra 4441:Minangkabau International Airport 3697:West Sumatra I Electoral District 2765:Once a large coal-mining centre, 1605:Residentie Padangsche Bovenlanden 1576:The residence of the governor of 623:7,356.92 ha (18,179.3 acres) 7504: 7308: 7164: 7151: 7136: 7120: 7111: 7103: 7088: 7072: 7059: 7046: 6076:The Rise of Indonesian Communism 5065:List of people from West Sumatra 5049: 4188:complex is usually also built a 3943: 3931: 3919: 3903: 2786:is known as the nearest city to 2776: 2758: 2741: 2723: 1811:Indonesian killings of 1965–1966 1642:region in the Indian Ocean into 1321:involved themselves in the war. 531: 530: 516: 515: 126: 67: 7034:Places adjacent to West Sumatra 6935: 6917: 6892: 6832: 6806: 6785: 6764: 6739: 6715: 6685: 6663: 6640: 6631: 6610: 6590: 6569: 6556: 6506: 6485: 6464: 6443: 6413: 6400: 6389:from the original on 2019-11-14 6375: 6362: 6339: 6326: 6301: 6290:from the original on 2021-02-01 6276: 6253:from the original on 2021-09-24 6238: 6144:Journal of Geophysical Research 6127: 6039: 5945: 5936: 5923: 5895: 5880: 5826: 5720: 5684: 5635: 5622: 5588:The Suma Oriental of Tomé Pires 5509: 5433: 5424: 5405: 5368: 5364:. Jakarta: Jajasan Pembangunan. 5353: 5338: 5327:from the original on 2012-10-25 5313: 5298: 5283: 5247:from the original on 2022-03-06 5225:. Singapore: World Scientific. 5039:price in Greater Jakarta area. 4512:Train services operate between 3844:is spoken by Tamils in Padang. 3708: 3693:People's Representative Council 2769:is now a thriving tourist city. 2520: 1652:Gouvernement Sumatra's Oostkust 1632:Gouvernement Sumatra's Westkust 1609:Gouvernement Sumatra's Westkust 1379: 1024:, which is then referred to as 947:Johannes Gijsbertus de Casparis 6541:Graves, Elizabeth E., (2007), 6474:, Cambridge University Press, 5812:. University of Hawaii Press. 5448:. University of Hawaii Press. 5212: 5180: 5112: 5075:List of rivers of West Sumatra 5006:Ikatan Warung Padang Indonesia 4812:, Minangkabau cuisine follows 4706:(Indonesia's premier league). 4589:in the downtown of Bukittinggi 4470:, the road between Padang and 4458:Significant roads include the 4297: 1845:province in the north-west to 1648:Residentie Sumatra's Westkust. 1644:Residentie Sumatra's Westkust, 1348:or Islam. In addition, in the 897:. On the other hand, the name 710:is the province's capital and 30:Province in Sumatra, Indonesia 13: 1: 7137: 7089: 6731:. 30 May 2011. Archived from 5601:Tambo Minangkabau dan Adatnya 5566:. Jakarta: PT Balai Pustaka. 5374: 5085: 4988:) is a treat in the evening. 2603: 2542:Köppen climate classification 1696:Residentie Sumatra's Westkust 1636:Residentie Sumatra's Westkust 1207:mentioned Ananggawarman as a 1080:According to the Minangkabau 917:departed from a place called 828:which comes from the phrase " 295:3,805 m (12,484 ft) 7543:Special Region of Yogyakarta 7112: 7104: 6746:Delmus Puneri Salim (2015). 5901:Nain, Sjafnir Aboe, (2004), 5690:SWK 1703 VOC 1664, f. 117-18 5411: 5304: 4722:Union Cycliste International 4649: 4422: 4326:Semen Padang headquarter in 4279: 3896:Grand Mosque of West Sumatra 3876:Grand Mosque of West Sumatra 3760: 3512: 3384:Very high human development 2598:Kerinci Seblat National Park 1820: 1153:. Dara Petak was married to 787: 764:named Sumatra's West Coast ( 717:West Sumatra is home to the 615:268.18 ha (662.7 acres) 7: 7739:Special Region of Surakarta 6532:(diakses pada 25 juli 2010) 6523:Sajian Tarian Khas Mentawai 6216:"Station 96163: Mia Padang" 5728:Naar midden Sumatra in 1684 5586:Cortesão, Armando, (1944), 5439: 5042: 4997:food stalls, a Minangkabau 4341: 3853: 3826: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3185: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3023: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2694:guardian was chosen by the 2635:, which had existed before 2538:tropical rainforest climate 2241:Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2101:Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 1650:After the breakdown of the 1455:Yang Dipertuan Puti Jamilan 852:is also used to refer to a 10: 7849: 6924:Harian Kompas, 25 May 2003 6647:Tularji (April 25, 2005). 5989:, Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 5471:Sanskrit in Southeast Asia 5375:Casparis, J.G. De (1956). 5344: 5289: 5231:10.1142/9789814504867_0033 5170:Badan Pembangunan Nasional 5080:Minangkabau businesspeople 4735: 4731: 4718:official tournament series 4642:The traditional dance is " 4527: 4439:The province is served by 4413: 4306:Rice fields in Pariangan, 4266: 4143: 3959: 3955: 3857: 3764: 2561:(world's largest flower), 2506: 2501: 1981: 1959: 1683: 1488:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 1111:in Cambodia, and then the 956: 925:) and the 5th line words ( 565:UNESCO World Heritage Site 254: • Vice Governor 7762: 7731: 7688: 7665: 7622: 7594: 7556: 7513: 7502: 7441: 7415: 7365: 7317: 7306: 7235: 7225: 7039: 6770:Marsden, William, (2009), 6495:, Ohio University Press, 6470:Phillips, Nigel, (1981), 5772:. Vol. I. J. Duncan. 5716:. Penerbit Sinar Harapan. 5603:, Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. 4361: 3559:Medium human development 3558: 3416: 3383: 3317: 3294: 3271: 3248: 3225: 3202: 3179: 2616: 2454: 2380: 2310: 2240: 2170: 2100: 2030: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1954:2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami 1708:Sumatora Nishi Kaigan Shu 1700:Sumatora Nishi Kaigan Shu 1247:Kertanegara of Singhasari 1101:Kedukan Bukit inscription 903:Kedukan Bukit inscription 723: 703: 627: 619: 611: 599: 589: 579: 571: 562: 558: 546: 524: 511: 482: 453: 445: 435: 418: 398: 372: 333: 328: 320: 312: 304: 299: 291: 283: 275: 270: 253: 238: 230: 225: 211: 203: 191: 181: 146: 137: 125: 103: 81: 63: 58: 49: 35: 6007:Thomas, Lynn L. (1985). 5905:, transl., Padang: PPIM. 5401:. Jakarta: Grafiti Pers. 5305:Brandes, J.L.A. (1902). 5265:Djamaris, Edwar (1991). 5109:(Katalog-BPS 1102001.13) 4672: 3659:Mentawai Islands Regency 2851:Mentawai Islands Regency 2702:Administrative divisions 1982:Climate data for Padang 1966:tropical monsoon climate 1706:area was separated from 1419:Dutch East India Company 1376:(priest), also appears. 1340:which contains the word 1072:A statue believed to be 1040:. During the era of the 1012:to the highlands called 978:From the stories of the 59:Province of West Sumatra 7456:Bangka Belitung Islands 7216:Regencies and cities of 6774:Sumatra, BiblioBazaar, 6513:http://www.indosiar.com 6073:McVey, Ruth T. (2006). 5850:10.3406/befeo.1985.1677 5619:, M.M. Cuvee, Den Haag. 5292:Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai 4930:, curried fish, stewed 4700:Haji Agus Salim Stadium 4466:and south-east towards 4354:Coal mines in Ombilin, 3926:Al-Hakim Mosque, Padang 3910:Tuo Kayu Jao Mosque in 3778:at the cultural parade. 3581:Lima Puluh Kota Regency 3568:Pesisir Selatan Regency 3550:Padang Pariaman Regency 3417:High human development 3361:Human Development Index 3355:Human Development Index 3042:Lima Puluh Kota Regency 2988:Padang Pariaman Regency 2880:Pesisir Selatan Regency 2637:Indonesian independence 2587:Bornean clouded leopard 1946:2009 Sumatra earthquake 1719:Indonesian independence 1475:Thomas Stamford Raffles 1205:Batusangkar inscription 1143:Padang Roco Inscription 871: 836:Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai 324:140/km (350/sq mi) 107: 85: 7828:Provinces of Indonesia 7409:Provinces of Indonesia 6659:on September 29, 2007. 6406:Giap, Tan Khee et al. 5985:Asnan, Gusti, (2007), 5953:Mededelingen...Kwantan 5632:, JSEAH 10, 3:453–479. 5345:Cœdès, George (1930). 4946:, intestines, or foot 4913: 4759:is the cuisine of the 4753: 4691: 4551: 4539: 4460:Trans-Sumatran Highway 4436: 4358: 4330: 4310: 4238: 4165: 4155: 4063: 3972: 3790: 3779: 3730:sub-ethnic group, and 2717:Cities of West Sumatra 2626: 2509:Deutscher Wetterdienst 1662:regions were given to 1580: 1410: 1392: 1332:(holy) as the seat of 1288:Abd al-Rauf al-Sinkili 1260: 1077: 975: 858:(village), namely the 834: 769: 672:to the southeast, and 641: 429:Indonesia Western Time 399: • Languages 292:Highest elevation 41: 6616:Schefold R., (1991), 6245:Azizi, Ahmad Naufal. 5929:Teitler, G., (2004), 5726:Haan, F. de, (1896), 5666:Dobbin, C.E. (1983). 5440:Andaya, L.Y. (2008). 5379:. Bandung: Masa Baru. 5377:Prasasti Indonesia II 5152:Badan Pusat Statistik 5134:Badan Pusat Statistik 4966:, a spicy meat stew. 4906: 4793:cuisine, demonstrate 4745: 4680: 4545: 4535: 4481:In January 2012, the 4430: 4408:Tanah Datar Regencies 4353: 4325: 4305: 4236: 4161: 4153: 4057: 3969: 3860:Islam in West Sumatra 3785: 3774: 3743:Minangkabau Highlands 3716:Badan Pusat Statistik 2624: 2594:Siberut National Park 1938:Indo-Australian Plate 1807:Minangkabau Highlands 1575: 1398: 1387: 1344:is an influence from 1255: 1071: 1038:Luhak Limopuluah Koto 969: 460:285.4 trillion ( 373: • Religion 239: • Governor 27:Province of Indonesia 7833:West Sumatra culture 7596:Lesser Sunda Islands 6929:15 June 2009 at the 6900:"A Unique of Padang" 6791:Arif Mahmud, (2008), 6620:, PT Balai Pustaka, 6599:, PT Niaga Swadaya, 6358:on January 25, 2008. 6165:10.1029/2000JB900120 6150:(B12): 28295–28326. 5887:Francis, E. (1859). 5747:. PT Balai Pustaka. 5615:Kepper, G., (1900), 5430:Graves (1981). pg 4. 4681:Participants of the 4546:Surfers explore the 3880:Ganting Grand Mosque 3833:Minangkabau language 3795:Minangkabau language 3620:West Pasaman Regency 3365:Statistics Indonesia 3152:West Pasaman Regency 2854:(Kepulauan Mentawai) 2651:village government. 2031:Record high °C (°F) 1942:Great Sumatran fault 1803:Hadji Abdullah Ahmad 1717:At the beginning of 1698:changed its name to 1578:Westkust van Sumatra 1028:, which consists of 949:, which proves that 844:changed to the name 321: • Density 243:Mahyeldi Ansharullah 7428:) • 6991:on October 28, 2005 6410:. World Scientific. 6370:UU No. 7 Tahun 2017 6156:2000JGR...10528295S 6111:Stoler, Ann Laura. 5290:Hill, A.H. (1960). 4318:Processing industry 4136:(snake) and so on. 3962:Minangkabau culture 3888:Tuo Kayu Jao Mosque 3607:South Solok Regency 3537:Dharmasraya Regency 3524:Tanah Datar Regency 3125:Dharmasraya Regency 3096:South Solok Regency 2961:Tanah Datar Regency 2311:Record low °C (°F) 2171:Daily mean °C (°F) 1865:(14.0 km) and 1692:Japanese occupation 1621:Residentie Tapanuli 1613:Residentie Bengkulu 1201:Dharmasraya Regency 991:Alexander the Great 864:Tanah Datar Regency 489:50.6 million ( 474:60.0 billion ( 162: / 98:Land of Minangkabau 7690:Western New Guinea 7652:Southeast Sulawesi 7614:East Nusa Tenggara 7609:West Nusa Tenggara 7566:Central Kalimantan 7434:under construction 6976:Government website 6750:. Cham: Springer. 6699:. August 4, 2011. 6528:2010-06-26 at the 6518:2018-08-16 at the 6491:Pauka K., (1998), 6455:2019-03-14 at the 6322:on April 27, 2011. 6190:"Indonesia–Padang" 6119:2020-07-11 at the 4984:sauce served with 4914: 4787:Indonesian cuisine 4761:Minangkabau people 4754: 4692: 4667:Andalas University 4552: 4540: 4437: 4359: 4331: 4311: 4239: 4229:Traditional weapon 4170:Minangkabau people 4166: 4156: 4073:Minangkabau people 4064: 4020:saluang jo dendang 3973: 3813:Chinese Indonesian 3809:Mentawai languages 3797:and predominantly 3791: 3780: 3776:Minangkabau people 3767:Minangkabau people 3720:Minangkabau people 2677:, then during the 2627: 2558:Rafflesia arnoldii 1964:This region has a 1796:national communist 1581: 1411: 1400:Tuanku Imam Bonjol 1393: 1261: 1171:Pagaruyung Kingdom 1078: 976: 943:Kampar Kanan River 860:Nagari Minangkabau 798:Minangkabau people 770:Sumatra's Westkust 746:Pagaruyung Kingdom 719:Minangkabau people 668:to the northeast, 572:Official name 483: - Per capita 305: • Total 276: • Total 82:Nickname(s): 7810: 7809: 7771:Current governors 7375: 7374: 7182: 7181: 7177: 7176: 6813:detikSport, Tim. 6801:978-979-1283-40-3 6780:978-0-559-09304-3 6757:978-3-319-15413-8 6551:978-979-461-661-1 6501:978-0-89680-205-6 6480:978-0-521-23737-6 6286:(in Indonesian). 6136:Danny Natawidjaja 6086:978-979-3780-36-8 6059:978-0-295-97618-1 6020:978-0-89680-127-1 5995:978-979-461-640-6 5955:. TBG 36: 325–42. 5455:978-0-8248-3189-9 5362:Riwajat Indonesia 5276:978-979-1477-09-3 5267:Tambo Minangkabau 5240:978-981-4504-85-0 5014:restaurant chains 4958:, and of course, 4716:since 2009 is an 4714:road cycling race 4710:Tour de Singkarak 4684:Tour de Singkarak 4660:Dutch East Indies 4605:Pagaruyung Palace 4573:Tour de Singkarak 4522:airport rail link 4287:Unemployment Rate 4163:Pagaruyung Palace 4140:Traditional house 4067:Traditional dance 3976:Traditional music 3838:Mentawai language 3667: 3666: 3633:Sijunjung Regency 3379:HDI Score (2020) 3337: 3336: 2934:Sijunjung Regency 2679:Dutch East Indies 2641:government reform 2515: 2514: 2511:(sun, 1961–1990) 1871:Strait of Malacca 1857:(130.1 km), 1634:, was demoted to 1517:Dutch East Indies 1483:a peace agreement 1225:messenger to the 1199:(now part of the 1197:Batang Hari River 1133:Singasari Kingdom 1109:Grahi inscription 1097:Batang Hari River 1042:Dutch East Indies 939:Kampar Kiri River 656:and includes the 631: 630: 469:19.2 billion 316:11th in Indonesia 313: • Rank 287:16th in Indonesia 284: • Rank 231: • Body 166:1.000°S 100.500°E 16:(Redirected from 7840: 7732:Former provinces 7632:Central Sulawesi 7581:South Kalimantan 7576:North Kalimantan 7508: 7402: 7395: 7388: 7379: 7378: 7312: 7260:Mentawai Islands 7209: 7202: 7195: 7186: 7185: 7170: 7168: 7167: 7157: 7155: 7154: 7140: 7139: 7126: 7124: 7123: 7115: 7114: 7107: 7106: 7092: 7091: 7078: 7076: 7075: 7065: 7063: 7062: 7052: 7050: 7049: 7042: 7028: 7021: 7014: 7005: 7004: 7000: 6998: 6996: 6987:. Archived from 6980: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6958: 6939: 6933: 6921: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6911: 6896: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6874:The Jakarta Post 6865: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6855: 6846:. Archived from 6844:The Jakarta Post 6836: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6826: 6810: 6804: 6789: 6783: 6768: 6762: 6761: 6743: 6737: 6736: 6735:on June 2, 2011. 6719: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6689: 6683: 6682: 6681:on May 22, 2013. 6675:The Jakarta Post 6667: 6661: 6660: 6655:. Archived from 6653:Bisnis Indonesia 6644: 6638: 6635: 6629: 6614: 6608: 6594: 6588: 6573: 6567: 6560: 6554: 6539: 6533: 6510: 6504: 6489: 6483: 6468: 6462: 6447: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6417: 6411: 6404: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6394: 6379: 6373: 6368:Law No. 7/2017 ( 6366: 6360: 6359: 6354:. Archived from 6352:The Jakarta Post 6343: 6337: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6318:. Archived from 6315:The Jakarta Post 6305: 6299: 6298: 6296: 6295: 6280: 6274: 6271: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6258: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6167: 6131: 6125: 6109: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6043: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6004: 5998: 5983: 5974: 5973: 5972:. Balai Pustaka. 5962: 5956: 5949: 5943: 5940: 5934: 5927: 5921: 5920: 5912: 5906: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5868: 5862: 5861: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5802: 5796: 5795: 5787:Marsden, William 5783: 5774: 5773: 5765: 5759: 5758: 5737: 5731: 5724: 5718: 5717: 5706: 5691: 5688: 5682: 5681: 5670:. Curzon Press. 5663: 5648: 5647: 5639: 5633: 5626: 5620: 5613: 5604: 5597: 5591: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5559: 5553: 5552: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5491: 5485: 5484: 5466: 5460: 5459: 5447: 5437: 5431: 5428: 5422: 5420: 5409: 5403: 5402: 5391: 5382: 5380: 5372: 5366: 5365: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5342: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5332: 5317: 5311: 5310: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5262: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5252: 5216: 5210: 5207: 5196: 5195: 5194:(in Indonesian). 5184: 5178: 5177: 5166: 5160: 5159: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5130: 5124: 5123: 5116: 5110: 5103: 5059: 5057:Indonesia portal 5054: 5053: 5052: 4548:Mentawai islands 4497:and horse cart ( 4028:, also known as 4018:There is also a 3947: 3935: 3923: 3907: 3869:Mentawai Islands 3840:is widely used. 3370: 3369: 2797: 2796: 2780: 2762: 2745: 2727: 2583:Malayan sun bear 2530: 2524: 1979: 1978: 1861:(31.5 km), 1853:(99.5 km), 1839:Mentawai Islands 1756:Kuantan Singingi 1660:Kuantan Singingi 1640:Mentawai Islands 1638:, and added the 1630:. Then in 1914, 1611:, including the 1597:Pax Nederlandica 1449:and the king of 1227:Emperor of China 1088:and Pagaruyung. 1030:Luhak Tanah Data 911:Srivijaya Empire 876: 839: 822:Majapahit Empire 794:Bumi Minangkabau 728: 727: 708: 707: 658:Mentawai Islands 620:Buffer zone 554: 552:sumbarprov.go.id 542: 534: 533: 519: 518: 337: 266: 216: 215:and largest city 177: 176: 174: 173: 172: 167: 163: 160: 159: 158: 155: 130: 118: 110: 96: 88: 71: 44: 33: 32: 21: 7848: 7847: 7843: 7842: 7841: 7839: 7838: 7837: 7813: 7812: 7811: 7806: 7805: 7758: 7744:Central Sumatra 7727: 7718:Southwest Papua 7684: 7661: 7618: 7590: 7586:West Kalimantan 7571:East Kalimantan 7552: 7509: 7500: 7437: 7411: 7406: 7376: 7371: 7361: 7313: 7304: 7265:Padang Pariaman 7255:Lima Puluh Kota 7231: 7221: 7213: 7183: 7178: 7165: 7163: 7152: 7150: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7073: 7071: 7060: 7058: 7047: 7045: 7035: 7032: 6994: 6992: 6983: 6979:(in Indonesian) 6978: 6972: 6967: 6966: 6956: 6954: 6941: 6940: 6936: 6931:Wayback Machine 6922: 6918: 6909: 6907: 6898: 6897: 6893: 6883: 6881: 6866: 6862: 6853: 6851: 6838: 6837: 6833: 6824: 6822: 6821:(in Indonesian) 6811: 6807: 6790: 6786: 6772:The History of 6769: 6765: 6758: 6744: 6740: 6728:Media Indonesia 6721: 6720: 6716: 6706: 6704: 6691: 6690: 6686: 6669: 6668: 6664: 6645: 6641: 6636: 6632: 6615: 6611: 6595: 6591: 6574: 6570: 6561: 6557: 6540: 6536: 6530:Wayback Machine 6520:Wayback Machine 6511: 6507: 6490: 6486: 6469: 6465: 6457:Wayback Machine 6448: 6444: 6434: 6432: 6419: 6418: 6414: 6405: 6401: 6392: 6390: 6381: 6380: 6376: 6367: 6363: 6344: 6340: 6331: 6327: 6306: 6302: 6293: 6291: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6272: 6265: 6256: 6254: 6243: 6239: 6229: 6227: 6214: 6213: 6209: 6199: 6197: 6196:on 19 June 2015 6188: 6187: 6183: 6132: 6128: 6121:Wayback Machine 6110: 6106: 6096: 6094: 6087: 6071: 6067: 6060: 6044: 6040: 6030: 6028: 6021: 6005: 6001: 5984: 5977: 5963: 5959: 5950: 5946: 5941: 5937: 5928: 5924: 5913: 5909: 5900: 5896: 5885: 5881: 5869: 5865: 5834:Miksic, John N. 5831: 5827: 5820: 5803: 5799: 5784: 5777: 5766: 5762: 5755: 5738: 5734: 5725: 5721: 5707: 5694: 5689: 5685: 5678: 5664: 5651: 5640: 5636: 5627: 5623: 5614: 5607: 5598: 5594: 5585: 5581: 5574: 5560: 5556: 5549: 5532: 5528: 5514: 5510: 5492: 5488: 5481: 5467: 5463: 5456: 5438: 5434: 5429: 5425: 5410: 5406: 5392: 5385: 5373: 5369: 5358: 5354: 5343: 5339: 5330: 5328: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5303: 5299: 5288: 5284: 5277: 5263: 5259: 5250: 5248: 5241: 5217: 5213: 5208: 5199: 5186: 5185: 5181: 5167: 5163: 5149: 5145: 5131: 5127: 5118: 5117: 5113: 5104: 5093: 5088: 5055: 5050: 5048: 5045: 4938:, curried beef 4740: 4734: 4675: 4652: 4598:Padang mountain 4556:Mentawai people 4530: 4449:Padang Pariaman 4431:A train passes 4425: 4416: 4364: 4344: 4320: 4300: 4282: 4273:2009 earthquake 4269: 4231: 4216:Mentawai people 4205:rumag Bagonjong 4148: 4142: 4077:Mentawai people 4069: 3978: 3964: 3958: 3951: 3948: 3939: 3936: 3927: 3924: 3915: 3908: 3862: 3856: 3829: 3787:Mentawai people 3769: 3763: 3736:Mentawai people 3711: 3646:Pasaman Regency 3376:City / Regency 3357: 3155:(Pasaman Barat) 3154: 3099:(Solok Selatan) 3098: 3069:Pasaman Regency 2993:Parit Malintang 2939:Muaro Sijunjung 2853: 2841: 2839: 2834: 2832: 2827: 2825: 2820: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2806: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2793: 2792: 2791: 2781: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2763: 2754: 2753: 2752: 2746: 2737: 2736: 2735: 2728: 2719: 2718: 2704: 2619: 2606: 2553: 2551:Flora and Fauna 2534: 2533: 2525: 2521: 2516: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 1962: 1823: 1731:Central Sumatra 1688: 1682: 1561:Negeri Sembilan 1557:Malay Peninsula 1512:the Netherlands 1471:Napoleonic Wars 1382: 1265:spread of Islam 1211:performing the 1114:Negarakertagama 1099:. Based on the 1066: 1064:Precolonial era 964: 962:Prehistoric era 959: 873:Nagarakretagama 790: 778:Kerinci Regency 754:Jean Parmentier 735:Mentawai people 725:Negeri Sembilan 585:Cultural: 567: 550: 540: 499: 494: 470: 465: 411: 406: 390: 385: 380: 359: 349: 344: 335: 260: 214: 213: 204:Province status 171:-1.000; 100.500 170: 168: 164: 161: 156: 153: 151: 149: 148: 142: 141: 133: 121: 119: 112: 104:Motto(s): 99: 97: 90: 77: 76: 75: 74: 54: 45: 38: 31: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7846: 7836: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7808: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7781:GRP per capita 7778: 7773: 7767: 7763: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7756: 7746: 7741: 7735: 7733: 7729: 7728: 7726: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7703:Highland Papua 7700: 7694: 7692: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7682: 7677: 7671: 7669: 7667:Maluku Islands 7663: 7662: 7660: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7647:South Sulawesi 7644: 7642:North Sulawesi 7639: 7634: 7628: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7617: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7600: 7598: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7562: 7560: 7554: 7553: 7551: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7519: 7517: 7511: 7510: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7447: 7445: 7439: 7438: 7416: 7413: 7412: 7405: 7404: 7397: 7390: 7382: 7373: 7372: 7366: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7337:Padang Panjang 7334: 7329: 7323: 7321: 7315: 7314: 7307: 7305: 7303: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7241: 7239: 7233: 7232: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7212: 7211: 7204: 7197: 7189: 7180: 7179: 7175: 7174: 7161: 7148: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7134: 7131: 7130: 7117: 7102: 7100: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7086: 7083: 7082: 7069: 7056: 7040: 7037: 7036: 7031: 7030: 7023: 7016: 7008: 7002: 7001: 6981: 6971: 6970:External links 6968: 6965: 6964: 6934: 6916: 6891: 6860: 6831: 6805: 6784: 6763: 6756: 6738: 6714: 6684: 6662: 6639: 6630: 6609: 6589: 6568: 6555: 6534: 6505: 6484: 6463: 6442: 6421:"West Sumatra" 6412: 6399: 6374: 6361: 6338: 6325: 6300: 6275: 6263: 6237: 6207: 6181: 6126: 6104: 6085: 6065: 6058: 6038: 6019: 5999: 5975: 5957: 5951:Anon, (1893), 5944: 5935: 5922: 5907: 5894: 5879: 5874:Correspondence 5863: 5825: 5818: 5797: 5775: 5760: 5753: 5741:Kato, Tsuyoshi 5732: 5719: 5692: 5683: 5676: 5649: 5634: 5621: 5605: 5592: 5579: 5572: 5554: 5547: 5526: 5508: 5499:Tamadun Melayu 5495:Casparis, J.G. 5486: 5479: 5461: 5454: 5432: 5423: 5404: 5383: 5367: 5352: 5337: 5312: 5297: 5282: 5275: 5257: 5239: 5211: 5197: 5179: 5161: 5143: 5125: 5111: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5061: 5060: 5044: 5041: 5031:uang lauk pauk 4799:Middle Eastern 4738:Padang cuisine 4736:Main article: 4733: 4730: 4726:lake Singkarak 4689:Lake Singkarak 4674: 4671: 4651: 4648: 4636: 4635: 4630: 4621: 4619:Lake Singkarak 4616: 4611: 4608: 4607:in Batusangkar 4602: 4601:Caroline beach 4599: 4596: 4593: 4590: 4550:, West Sumatra 4529: 4526: 4483:Kelok Sembilan 4433:Lake Singkarak 4424: 4421: 4415: 4412: 4400:Limapuluh Koto 4363: 4360: 4343: 4340: 4319: 4316: 4299: 4296: 4281: 4278: 4268: 4265: 4230: 4227: 4144:Main article: 4141: 4138: 4068: 4065: 4013:gandang tabuik 3977: 3974: 3960:Main article: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3952: 3949: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3918: 3916: 3909: 3902: 3858:Main article: 3855: 3852: 3828: 3825: 3765:Main article: 3762: 3759: 3726:, mainly from 3710: 3707: 3665: 3664: 3661: 3656: 3652: 3651: 3648: 3643: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3622: 3617: 3613: 3612: 3609: 3604: 3600: 3599: 3596: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3583: 3578: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3565: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3552: 3547: 3543: 3542: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3529: 3526: 3521: 3517: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3493: 3489: 3488: 3485: 3479: 3475: 3474: 3471: 3465: 3461: 3460: 3457: 3454:Padang Panjang 3451: 3447: 3446: 3443: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3429: 3423: 3419: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3410: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3396: 3390: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3356: 3353: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3316: 3312: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3293: 3289: 3288: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3270: 3266: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250:Padang Panjang 3247: 3243: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3224: 3220: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3201: 3197: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3178: 3174: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3156: 3149: 3145: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3100: 3093: 3089: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3074:Lubuk Sikaping 3071: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3035: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3008: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2927: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2855: 2848: 2844: 2843: 2836: 2829: 2822: 2815: 2810: 2803: 2788:Lake Singkarak 2782: 2775: 2774: 2773: 2764: 2757: 2756: 2755: 2747: 2740: 2739: 2738: 2729: 2722: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2703: 2700: 2618: 2615: 2605: 2602: 2575:Sumatran serow 2563:Sumatran tiger 2552: 2549: 2532: 2531: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2504: 2503: 2499: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2459: 2457:sunshine hours 2452: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2378: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2308: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2168: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2098: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1984: 1983: 1977: 1961: 1958: 1934:Eurasian Plate 1925:(2,438 m) and 1822: 1819: 1787:Alahan Panjang 1684:Main article: 1681: 1678: 1566:cultuurstelsel 1525:Diponegoro War 1507:Tuanku Pasaman 1415:Aceh Sultanate 1381: 1378: 1193:Maharajadiraja 1157:, the king of 1141:carved on the 1093:Malayu Kingdom 1065: 1062: 1026:Luhak Nan Tigo 1006:Southern China 963: 960: 958: 955: 891:Yongle Emperor 789: 786: 774:Kampar Regency 664:to the north, 642:Sumatera Barat 629: 628: 625: 624: 621: 617: 616: 613: 609: 608: 601: 597: 596: 591: 587: 586: 583: 577: 576: 573: 569: 568: 563: 560: 559: 556: 555: 548: 544: 543: 528: 522: 521: 513: 512: - Growth 509: 508: 484: 480: 479: 455: 451: 450: 447: 443: 442: 439: 433: 432: 422: 416: 415: 400: 396: 395: 374: 370: 369: 338: 331: 330: 326: 325: 322: 318: 317: 314: 310: 309: 306: 302: 301: 297: 296: 293: 289: 288: 285: 281: 280: 277: 273: 272: 268: 267: 255: 251: 250: 240: 236: 235: 232: 228: 227: 223: 222: 217: 209: 208: 207:10 August 1957 205: 201: 200: 195: 189: 188: 183: 179: 178: 144: 143: 139: 138: 135: 134: 131: 123: 122: 105: 101: 100: 83: 79: 78: 72: 66: 65: 64: 61: 60: 56: 55: 50: 47: 46: 42:Sumatera Barat 39: 36: 29: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7845: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7820: 7818: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7791:Highest point 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7761: 7754: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7698:Central Papua 7696: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7687: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7664: 7658: 7657:West Sulawesi 7655: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7621: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7601: 7599: 7597: 7593: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7563: 7561: 7559: 7555: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7516: 7512: 7507: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7491:South Sumatra 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7476:North Sumatra 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7448: 7446: 7444: 7440: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7414: 7410: 7403: 7398: 7396: 7391: 7389: 7384: 7383: 7380: 7370: 7364: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7324: 7322: 7320: 7316: 7311: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7275:South Pesisir 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7242: 7240: 7238: 7234: 7230: 7224: 7220: 7217: 7210: 7205: 7203: 7198: 7196: 7191: 7190: 7187: 7173: 7162: 7160: 7149: 7146: 7145: 7142: 7135: 7133: 7132: 7129: 7118: 7110: 7101: 7098: 7097: 7094: 7087: 7085: 7084: 7081: 7070: 7068: 7067:North Sumatra 7057: 7055: 7054:North Sumatra 7044: 7043: 7038: 7029: 7024: 7022: 7017: 7015: 7010: 7009: 7006: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6977: 6974: 6973: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6938: 6932: 6928: 6925: 6920: 6906:on 2010-12-14 6905: 6901: 6895: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6864: 6850:on 2010-09-14 6849: 6845: 6841: 6835: 6820: 6816: 6809: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6788: 6781: 6777: 6773: 6767: 6759: 6753: 6749: 6742: 6734: 6730: 6729: 6724: 6718: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6688: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6666: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6643: 6634: 6627: 6626:979-407-274-5 6623: 6619: 6613: 6606: 6605:979-788-145-8 6602: 6598: 6593: 6586: 6585:979-759-551-X 6582: 6578: 6575:Navis, A.A., 6572: 6565: 6559: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6538: 6531: 6527: 6524: 6521: 6517: 6514: 6509: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6488: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6458: 6454: 6451: 6446: 6430: 6426: 6425:Lonely Planet 6422: 6416: 6409: 6403: 6388: 6384: 6378: 6371: 6365: 6357: 6353: 6349: 6342: 6335: 6329: 6321: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6304: 6289: 6285: 6279: 6270: 6268: 6252: 6248: 6241: 6226:on 2017-10-17 6225: 6221: 6217: 6211: 6195: 6191: 6185: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6134:Sieh, Kerry; 6130: 6123: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6108: 6092: 6088: 6082: 6078: 6077: 6069: 6061: 6055: 6051: 6050: 6042: 6026: 6022: 6016: 6012: 6011: 6003: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5982: 5980: 5971: 5967: 5961: 5954: 5948: 5939: 5932: 5926: 5918: 5911: 5904: 5898: 5890: 5883: 5875: 5867: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5829: 5821: 5819:0-8248-1489-4 5815: 5811: 5807: 5801: 5793: 5788: 5782: 5780: 5771: 5764: 5756: 5754:979-690-360-1 5750: 5746: 5742: 5736: 5729: 5723: 5715: 5711: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5687: 5679: 5677:0-7007-0155-9 5673: 5669: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5645: 5638: 5631: 5625: 5618: 5612: 5610: 5602: 5596: 5589: 5583: 5575: 5573:979-407-408-X 5569: 5565: 5558: 5550: 5548:9789798451164 5544: 5540: 5536: 5530: 5522: 5518: 5512: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5490: 5482: 5480:974-641-045-8 5476: 5472: 5465: 5457: 5451: 5446: 5445: 5436: 5427: 5418: 5414: 5413:Raffles, T.S. 5408: 5400: 5396: 5390: 5388: 5378: 5371: 5363: 5356: 5348: 5341: 5326: 5322: 5316: 5308: 5301: 5293: 5286: 5278: 5272: 5268: 5261: 5246: 5242: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5223: 5215: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5193: 5189: 5183: 5175: 5171: 5165: 5157: 5153: 5147: 5139: 5135: 5129: 5121: 5115: 5108: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5091: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5047: 5040: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5023: 5017: 5015: 5011: 5007: 5002: 5000: 4996: 4995: 4989: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4970: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4950:, fried beef 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4920: 4912: 4911: 4905: 4901: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4882: 4881:or cabbages. 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4815: 4811: 4806: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4751: 4750: 4744: 4739: 4729: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4690: 4687:passing over 4686: 4685: 4679: 4670: 4668: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4640: 4634: 4633:Sikuai Island 4631: 4629: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4614:Lake Maninjau 4612: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4570: 4565: 4559: 4557: 4549: 4544: 4538: 4537:Lake Maninjau 4534: 4525: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4508: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4492: 4487: 4484: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4456: 4454: 4450: 4447:in Ketaping, 4446: 4442: 4434: 4429: 4420: 4411: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4339: 4335: 4329: 4324: 4315: 4309: 4304: 4295: 4291: 4288: 4277: 4274: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4245: 4235: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4197: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4183: 4182: 4177: 4176: 4171: 4164: 4160: 4152: 4147: 4137: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4110: 4108: 4107: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4087: 4082: 4081:tari pasambah 4078: 4074: 4061: 4056: 4052: 4050: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 4001: 3996: 3995: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3968: 3963: 3946: 3941: 3934: 3929: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3906: 3901: 3900: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3892:Solok Regency 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3872: 3870: 3866: 3861: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3834: 3824: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3800: 3796: 3788: 3784: 3777: 3773: 3768: 3758: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3706: 3703: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3687: 3683: 3682: 3677: 3676: 3670: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3614: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3595: 3594:Solok Regency 3592: 3589: 3588: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3575: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3562: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3544: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3518: 3515: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3490: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3462: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3415: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3362: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3274: 3268: 3267: 3251: 3245: 3244: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3160: 3159:Simpang Empak 3157: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3146: 3131: 3130:Pulau Punjung 3128: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3119: 3104: 3101: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3090: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3010: 3009: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2955: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2928: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2907:Solok Regency 2905: 2902: 2901: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2874: 2859: 2856: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2837: 2830: 2823: 2816: 2811: 2804: 2799: 2798: 2789: 2785: 2779: 2768: 2761: 2750: 2744: 2733: 2726: 2712: 2709: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2633: 2623: 2614: 2610: 2601: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2571:Malayan tapir 2568: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2510: 2505: 2500: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455:Mean monthly 2453: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2384: 2383:precipitation 2379: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2318: 2313: 2309: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2239: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2099: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2029: 1985: 1980: 1976: 1973: 1969: 1967: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1843:North Sumatra 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1797: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1761:Communism in 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1735:South Sumatra 1732: 1728: 1727:North Sumatra 1724: 1720: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1687: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1668: 1667: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1628: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1568: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1518: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1391: 1386: 1377: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1272: 1271:Suma Oriental 1266: 1259: 1254: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1189:Ananggawarman 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1116: 1115: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1075: 1070: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 985: 981: 973: 968: 954: 952: 948: 944: 940: 937:, namely the 936: 932: 931:mināngatāmvan 928: 924: 920: 916: 915:Dapunta Hyang 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 887:Mi-nang-ge-bu 884: 880: 875: 874: 867: 865: 861: 857: 856: 851: 847: 843: 838: 837: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 785: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 760:and became a 759: 755: 751: 748:, founded by 747: 742: 740: 736: 732: 726: 720: 715: 713: 709: 706: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 662:North Sumatra 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 595: 592: 588: 584: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 561: 557: 553: 549: 545: 538: 529: 527: 523: 514: 510: 506: 503:10,632 ( 502: 497: 492: 488: 485: 481: 477: 473: 468: 463: 459: 456: 454: - Total 452: 448: 446:GDP (nominal) 444: 440: 438: 437:ISO 3166 code 434: 430: 426: 423: 421: 417: 414: 409: 404: 401: 397: 394: 389: 384: 379: 375: 371: 367: 363: 357: 353: 348: 343: 339: 336:Ethnic groups 334: • 332: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 269: 264: 259: 258:Audy Joinaldy 256: 252: 248: 244: 241: 237: 233: 229: 224: 221: 218: 210: 206: 202: 199: 196: 194: 190: 187: 184: 180: 175: 147:Coordinates: 145: 140:OpenStreetMap 136: 129: 124: 116: 109: 102: 94: 87: 80: 70: 62: 57: 53: 48: 43: 34: 19: 18:West Sumatera 7823:West Sumatra 7796:Poverty rate 7764: 7752: 7680:North Maluku 7528:Central Java 7496:West Sumatra 7495: 7486:Riau Islands 7433: 7425: 7300:West Pasaman 7219:West Sumatra 7218: 7147:Indian Ocean 7109:West Sumatra 7108: 7099:Indian Ocean 6995:December 26, 6993:. Retrieved 6989:the original 6955:. Retrieved 6946: 6937: 6919: 6908:. Retrieved 6904:the original 6894: 6882:. Retrieved 6873: 6863: 6852:. Retrieved 6848:the original 6843: 6834: 6823:. Retrieved 6818: 6808: 6792: 6787: 6771: 6766: 6747: 6741: 6733:the original 6726: 6717: 6707:February 28, 6705:. Retrieved 6687: 6679:the original 6674: 6665: 6657:the original 6652: 6642: 6633: 6617: 6612: 6596: 6592: 6579:, Grasindo, 6576: 6571: 6563: 6558: 6542: 6537: 6508: 6492: 6487: 6471: 6466: 6445: 6435:February 28, 6433:. Retrieved 6415: 6407: 6402: 6391:. Retrieved 6377: 6369: 6364: 6356:the original 6351: 6341: 6333: 6328: 6320:the original 6313: 6303: 6292:. Retrieved 6278: 6255:. Retrieved 6240: 6228:. Retrieved 6224:the original 6219: 6210: 6198:. Retrieved 6194:the original 6184: 6147: 6143: 6129: 6112: 6107: 6095:. Retrieved 6075: 6068: 6048: 6041: 6029:. Retrieved 6009: 6002: 5986: 5969: 5960: 5952: 5947: 5938: 5930: 5925: 5916: 5910: 5902: 5897: 5888: 5882: 5872: 5866: 5841: 5837: 5828: 5809: 5806:Andaya, B.W. 5800: 5790: 5769: 5763: 5744: 5735: 5727: 5722: 5713: 5710:Amran, Rusli 5686: 5667: 5643: 5637: 5629: 5624: 5616: 5600: 5595: 5587: 5582: 5563: 5557: 5538: 5529: 5520: 5517:Suleiman, S. 5511: 5502: 5498: 5489: 5470: 5464: 5443: 5435: 5426: 5417:Malay Annals 5416: 5407: 5398: 5376: 5370: 5361: 5355: 5346: 5340: 5329:. Retrieved 5315: 5306: 5300: 5291: 5285: 5266: 5260: 5249:. Retrieved 5221: 5214: 5191: 5182: 5164: 5146: 5128: 5119: 5114: 5106: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5020: 5018: 5005: 5003: 4992: 4990: 4973: 4967: 4923: 4917: 4915: 4908: 4885: 4883: 4862: 4807: 4782: 4779:chili pepper 4774: 4768: 4765:coconut milk 4755: 4747: 4746:An array of 4712:, an annual 4708: 4696:Semen Padang 4693: 4682: 4664: 4653: 4641: 4637: 4628:Lake Dibawah 4610:Harau valley 4577: 4560: 4553: 4511: 4505: 4498: 4488: 4480: 4457: 4453:Kuala Lumpur 4438: 4417: 4365: 4345: 4336: 4332: 4312: 4308:Agam Regency 4292: 4283: 4270: 4257: 4253: 4242: 4240: 4222: 4219: 4213: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196:rumah gadang 4195: 4189: 4186:rumah gadang 4185: 4181:rumah Gadang 4179: 4175:Rumah Gadang 4173: 4172:, is called 4167: 4146:Rumah Gadang 4133: 4129: 4125: 4121: 4118:Turuk Langai 4117: 4114:Turuk Laggai 4113: 4111: 4104: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4084: 4080: 4070: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4029: 4023: 4019: 4017: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3999: 3992: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3873: 3863: 3846: 3830: 3821:Tamil people 3803: 3792: 3740: 3724:Batak people 3712: 3709:Demographics 3701: 3696: 3690: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3513: 3509:West Sumatra 3508: 3496:Agam Regency 3358: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3338: 3020:Lubuk Basung 3015:Agam Regency 2730:The city of 2705: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2644: 2630: 2628: 2611: 2607: 2591: 2556: 2554: 2544: 2535: 2522: 2385:mm (inches) 1974: 1970: 1963: 1931: 1824: 1760: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1670: 1663: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1635: 1631: 1624: 1620: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1584: 1582: 1577: 1564: 1522: 1502: 1498: 1496: 1460: 1454: 1451:Sungai Tarab 1450: 1446: 1439: 1412: 1380:Colonial era 1373: 1369: 1365: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1323: 1314: 1298: 1296: 1269: 1262: 1230: 1220: 1192: 1175: 1167:Adityawarman 1163:Adwayawarman 1155:Raden Wijaya 1137: 1118: 1112: 1090: 1081: 1079: 1074:Adityawarman 1053: 1049: 1045: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1010:Kampar River 1003: 999:Sang Sapurba 995:Malay Annals 979: 977: 972:Mount Marapi 950: 935:Kampar River 930: 926: 922: 918: 898: 886: 878: 868: 859: 854: 849: 845: 841: 830:Manang kabau 829: 826:Minangkabau, 825: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 793: 791: 782:Riau Islands 776:in Riau and 758:Dutch Empire 750:Adityawarman 743: 716: 712:largest city 701: 688:into twelve 634:West Sumatra 633: 632: 383:Christianity 329:Demographics 86:Ranah Minang 73:Coat of arms 37:West Sumatra 7713:South Papua 7327:Bukittinggi 7295:Tanah Datar 7290:South Solok 7250:Dharmasraya 6947:Metro Batam 5891:. van Dorp. 5844:: 423–467. 5535:Muljana, S. 5395:Navis, A.A. 5036:Nasi Padang 5027:rumah makan 4999:Bukittinggi 4969:Soto Padang 4919:Nasi Padang 4843:bone marrow 4757:Padang food 4644:Tari Piring 4624:Lake Diatas 4564:Bukittinggi 4507:Teluk Bayur 4472:Bukittinggi 4396:South Solok 4388:Dharmasraya 4298:Agriculture 4132:(chicken), 4126:tari monyet 4122:tari burung 4095:tari indang 4091:tari payung 4086:Tari Piring 4049:Bukittinggi 3805:Mentawaians 3755:Bukittinggi 3407:Bukittinggi 3273:Bukittinggi 2966:Batusangkar 2749:Bukittinggi 2696:anak nagari 1929:(2,271 m). 1921:(2,572 m), 1917:(2,877 m), 1913:(2,891 m), 1909:(2,912 m), 1905:(3,805 m), 1873:, include: 1799:Murba Party 1783:Sawah Lunto 1723:Bukittinggi 1690:During the 1671:Residentie 1664:Residentie 1625:Residentie 1545:Batusangkar 1352:, the term 1334:Rajo Ibadat 1258:Jawi script 1243:Kublai Khan 1239:Muara Takus 1237:temple and 1235:Padanglawas 1231:San-fo-ts'i 1222:San-fo-ts'i 1185:Kertanagara 1151:Dara Jingga 1125:Dharmasraya 1054:Tuan Luhak. 879:Minangkabwa 850:Minangkabau 846:Minangkabau 816:. From the 802:Minangkabau 682:2020 census 678:Switzerland 603:2019 (43rd 600:Inscription 408:Minangkabau 360:3% others ( 342:Minangkabau 261: [ 169: / 115:Minangkabau 108:Tuah Sakato 93:Minangkabau 7817:Categories 7749:East Timor 7723:West Papua 7558:Kalimantan 7367:See also: 7352:Sawahlunto 7347:Payakumbuh 6910:2010-09-22 6854:2010-09-22 6825:2024-05-07 6819:detiksumut 6393:2017-12-28 6294:2020-12-27 6257:2019-03-23 6175:10220/8470 5966:Radjab, M. 5505:: 918–943. 5331:2022-03-02 5251:2022-03-02 5086:References 4994:Nasi Kapau 4749:Nasi kapau 4704:BRI Liga 1 4587:clocktower 4583:Jam Gadang 4368:Sawahlunto 4356:Sawahlunto 4252:called it 4214:While the 4128:(monkey), 4093:, and the 3848:Indonesian 3751:Payakumbuh 3728:Mandailing 3482:Sawahlunto 3426:Payakumbuh 3296:Payakumbuh 3227:Sawahlunto 3103:Padang Aro 2767:Sawahlunto 2604:Government 2507:Source 2: 1915:Singgalang 1875:Batanghari 1779:Silungkang 1752:Rokan Hulu 1656:Rokan Hulu 1593:Inderapura 1492:Inderapura 1147:Dara Petak 1138:Amoghapasa 1034:Luhak Agam 987:Zulkarnain 808:(win) and 692:and seven 686:subdivided 638:Indonesian 405:(official) 403:Indonesian 356:Mandailing 300:Population 226:Government 7801:ISO codes 7637:Gorontalo 7548:West Java 7533:East Java 7430:Nusantara 7280:Sijunjung 7237:Regencies 7227:Capital: 6793:Education 5192:bpk.go.id 4879:jackfruit 4877:of young 4855:cartilage 4851:intestine 4841:, brain, 4773:(curry), 4650:Education 4476:Pekanbaru 4423:Transport 4384:Sijunjung 4380:iron sand 4280:Workforce 4134:tari ular 4130:tari ayam 4058:Photo of 3994:talempong 3761:Ethnicity 3345:kelurahan 3341:kecamatan 3047:Sarilamak 2858:Tua Pejat 2842:Estimate 2840:mid 2023 2708:regencies 2579:rusa deer 1855:Singkarak 1821:Geography 1569:problem. 1479:Padri War 1404:Padri War 1390:Padri War 1368:(Bilal), 1338:Limo Kaum 1326:Tuan Kadi 1307:Padri War 1292:sultanate 1245:and king 1159:Majapahit 1120:Pararaton 1105:Srivijaya 842:Pariangan 788:Etymology 762:residency 690:regencies 650:Indonesia 590:Reference 420:Time zone 308:5,757,210 186:Indonesia 7765:Lists by 7753:de facto 7624:Sulawesi 7461:Bengkulu 7342:Pariaman 7159:Bengkulu 6957:23 March 6951:Archived 6927:Archived 6884:23 March 6878:Archived 6701:Archived 6526:Archived 6516:Archived 6453:Archived 6429:Archived 6387:Archived 6288:Archived 6251:Archived 6138:(2000). 6117:Archived 6097:7 August 6091:Archived 6031:7 August 6025:Archived 5968:(1964). 5858:43731220 5808:(1993). 5789:(1784). 5743:(2005). 5712:(1981). 5537:(2005). 5519:(1977). 5415:(1821). 5397:(1984). 5349:. BEFEO. 5325:Archived 5245:Archived 5172:(2023). 5154:(2023). 5136:(2023). 5043:See also 4954:, fried 4936:eggplant 4934:, chili 4886:kabasuah 4791:Sumatran 4518:Pariaman 4342:Services 4249:Kerambit 4124:(bird), 4075:and the 4062:festival 4030:sijobang 3971:Sumatra. 3886:and the 3854:Religion 3827:Language 3732:Javanese 3468:Pariaman 3319:Pariaman 3310:144,830 3287:124,050 3195:942,938 3172:450,050 3163:3,852.99 3143:239,918 3134:2,920.93 3116:191,540 3107:3,282.14 3087:313,199 3078:3,902.44 3060:396,427 3051:3,273.41 3033:530,123 3024:2,226.27 3006:451,388 2997:1,342.27 2979:383,676 2970:1,377.19 2952:243,709 2943:3,150.58 2925:405,375 2916:3,590.40 2912:Aro Suka 2898:525,355 2889:6,045.65 2862:5,983.22 2807:City or 2450:(164.3) 2381:Average 1948:and the 1923:Tandikat 1907:Talakmau 1851:Maninjau 1847:Bengkulu 1815:Sarbupri 1775:Pariaman 1712:Rhio Shu 1603:and the 1541:Moluccas 1539:and the 1501:and the 1442:Bengkulu 1429:and the 1313:and the 1209:yuvaraja 1181:Buddhist 1129:Pamalayu 1050:afdeling 984:Iskandar 941:and the 907:Sanskrit 731:Malaysia 674:Bengkulu 646:province 581:Criteria 413:Mentawai 410:(native) 393:Buddhism 388:Hinduism 362:Mentawai 354:(mainly 347:Javanese 157:100°30′E 52:Province 7471:Lampung 7443:Sumatra 7426:current 7422:Jakarta 7418:Capital 7270:Pasaman 6230:18 June 6200:18 June 6152:Bibcode 5010:Jakarta 4986:ketupat 4964:rendang 4956:chicken 4948:tendons 4928:rendang 4910:ketupat 4871:cassava 4867:ketupat 4863:katupek 4810:Muslims 4732:Cuisine 4528:Tourism 4468:Jakarta 4414:Banking 4404:Pasaman 4372:mercury 4267:Economy 4254:baralek 4201:Gonjong 4116:. This 4025:saluang 4009:serunai 3984:saluang 3956:Culture 3333:97,206 3307:139,576 3304:116,825 3284:121,028 3281:111,312 3264:58,627 3241:67,760 3218:77,842 3192:909,040 3189:833,562 3169:431,672 3166:365,129 3140:228,591 3137:191,422 3113:182,077 3110:144,281 3084:299,851 3081:253,299 3057:383,525 3054:348,555 3030:529,138 3027:454,853 3003:430,626 3000:391,056 2976:371,704 2973:338,494 2949:235,045 2946:201,823 2922:391,497 2919:348,566 2895:504,418 2892:429,246 2871:91,427 2814:Capital 2812:Regency 2809:Regency 2805:Name of 2802:Wilayah 2690:. This 2673:in the 2567:siamang 2445:(18.9) 2440:(20.4) 2435:(19.5) 2430:(13.9) 2425:(13.7) 2420:(10.9) 2415:(12.1) 2410:(12.4) 2405:(14.3) 2400:(12.1) 2395:(10.2) 2390:(13.8) 2376:(68.0) 2371:(70.0) 2366:(70.0) 2361:(70.0) 2356:(70.0) 2351:(69.1) 2346:(70.0) 2341:(68.0) 2336:(71.1) 2331:(71.1) 2326:(70.0) 2321:(69.1) 2316:(70.0) 2306:(74.8) 2301:(75.0) 2296:(75.0) 2291:(75.0) 2286:(75.0) 2281:(73.9) 2276:(73.9) 2271:(75.0) 2266:(75.0) 2261:(75.0) 2256:(75.0) 2251:(75.9) 2246:(73.9) 2236:(79.9) 2231:(80.1) 2226:(80.1) 2221:(80.1) 2216:(80.1) 2211:(77.0) 2206:(77.0) 2201:(80.6) 2196:(81.5) 2191:(81.0) 2186:(80.6) 2181:(80.6) 2176:(80.6) 2166:(88.9) 2161:(87.1) 2156:(88.0) 2151:(89.1) 2146:(90.0) 2141:(90.0) 2136:(89.1) 2131:(90.0) 2126:(90.0) 2121:(89.1) 2116:(89.1) 2111:(89.1) 2106:(87.1) 2096:(93.9) 2091:(91.0) 2086:(91.0) 2081:(91.9) 2076:(91.0) 2071:(91.9) 2066:(91.9) 2061:(93.0) 2056:(93.0) 2051:(91.9) 2046:(93.0) 2041:(93.9) 2036:(93.0) 1960:Climate 1903:Kerinci 1891:Kuranji 1887:Sinamar 1883:Ombilin 1863:Dibawah 1835:Barisan 1827:Sumatra 1767:Sumatra 1763:Sumatra 1744:Kerinci 1617:Singkil 1553:Kuantan 1549:Batavia 1537:Celebes 1469:in the 1463:British 1447:Suruaso 1435:Malacca 1431:British 1408:Celebes 1374:Pandito 1284:Malacca 1217:hevajra 1213:Tantris 1203:). The 957:History 923:minānga 919:Minānga 895:Nanjing 654:Sumatra 644:) is a 605:Session 547:Website 535:0.737 ( 368:, etc.) 366:Chinese 212:Capital 198:Sumatra 182:Country 7675:Maluku 7523:Banten 7332:Padang 7319:Cities 7229:Padang 7169: 7156: 7125: 7077: 7064: 7051: 6799: 6778: 6754: 6697:Antara 6624: 6603: 6583: 6549: 6499: 6478: 6083: 6056: 6017: 5993: 5856: 5816: 5792:island 5751: 5674: 5570: 5545: 5477: 5452: 5273: 5237: 5022:warung 4976:(beef 4960:sambal 4932:greens 4924:hidang 4859:tendon 4847:spleen 4827:tongue 4795:Indian 4781:) and 4585:– the 4569:Tabuik 4514:Padang 4445:Padang 4406:, and 4376:sulfur 4362:Mining 4328:Padang 4178:. The 4106:Randai 4060:Tabuik 4045:Padang 4011:, and 4005:pupuik 3884:Padang 3799:Muslim 3747:Padang 3695:. The 3681:nagari 3663:0.610 3650:0.666 3637:0.677 3624:0.684 3611:0.690 3598:0.690 3585:0.694 3572:0.699 3554:0.706 3541:0.715 3528:0.723 3500:0.724 3487:0.726 3473:0.769 3459:0.779 3445:0.782 3431:0.789 3412:0.805 3398:0.828 3393:Padang 3330:94,224 3327:79,043 3261:56,311 3258:47,008 3238:65,138 3235:56,866 3232:231.95 3215:73,438 3212:59,396 3186:694.34 3181:Padang 2885:Painan 2868:87,623 2865:76,173 2838:Pop'n 2835:Census 2831:Pop'n 2828:Census 2824:Pop'n 2732:Padang 2692:nagari 2688:nagari 2684:nagari 2675:nagari 2667:Nagari 2645:nagari 2632:nagari 2617:Nagari 2497:2,116 1987:Month 1940:) and 1919:Talang 1911:Marapi 1879:Kampar 1867:Talang 1859:Diatas 1831:plains 1791:Suliki 1771:Padang 1748:Kampar 1733:, and 1704:Kampar 1673:Djambi 1669:, and 1654:, the 1533:Madura 1467:French 1423:Padang 1362:Khatib 1346:Arabic 1330:Quduus 1311:ulamas 1303:Qur'an 1086:Malayu 1058:Malays 1044:, the 1036:, and 951:tāmvan 927:tāmvan 913:named 899:Minang 855:nagari 806:Minang 800:. The 705:Padang 694:cities 391:0.06% 386:0.35% 381:2.20% 376:97.4% 220:Padang 193:Region 154:1°00′S 111: 89: 7708:Papua 7466:Jambi 7357:Solok 7285:Solok 7172:Jambi 5854:JSTOR 4982:curry 4978:satay 4944:tripe 4940:liver 4894:spoon 4875:gulai 4839:tripe 4835:liver 4819:offal 4814:halal 4803:curry 4783:bareh 4770:gulai 4673:Sport 4656:Islam 4500:bendi 4491:oplet 4464:Medan 4392:Solok 4259:silat 4244:Keris 4209:Tambo 4191:surau 4100:silek 4000:rabab 3989:bansi 3912:Solok 3865:Islam 3842:Tamil 3514:0.723 3484:City 3470:City 3456:City 3442:City 3440:Solok 3428:City 3409:City 3395:City 3373:Rank 3324:64.77 3315:13.77 3301:74.55 3292:13.76 3278:24.17 3269:13.75 3255:23.56 3246:13.74 3223:13.73 3209:58.72 3204:Solok 3200:13.72 3177:13.71 3148:13.12 3121:13.11 3092:13.10 3065:13.09 3038:13.08 3011:13.07 2984:13.06 2957:13.05 2930:13.04 2903:13.03 2876:13.02 2847:13.01 2833:2020 2826:2010 2817:Area 2800:Kode 2784:Solok 2671:datuk 2448:4,172 2026:Year 1666:Riouw 1627:Atjeh 1589:Barus 1499:Padri 1427:Dutch 1370:Malin 1358:Katik 1319:Dutch 1315:Adats 1276:Islam 1177:Hindu 1082:Tambo 1046:luhak 1022:luhak 1018:darek 1014:darek 980:tambo 818:Tambo 814:Tambo 810:Kabau 766:Dutch 739:Islam 670:Jambi 520:4.36% 501:Int$ 498:3,407 472:Int$ 441:ID-SB 425:UTC+7 378:Islam 352:Batak 265:] 7604:Bali 7515:Java 7481:Riau 7451:Aceh 7245:Agam 7128:Riau 7080:Riau 6997:2005 6959:2019 6886:2019 6797:ISBN 6776:ISBN 6752:ISBN 6709:2017 6622:ISBN 6601:ISBN 6581:ISBN 6547:ISBN 6497:ISBN 6476:ISBN 6437:2017 6232:2015 6202:2015 6099:2012 6081:ISBN 6054:ISBN 6033:2012 6015:ISBN 5991:ISBN 5814:ISBN 5749:ISBN 5672:ISBN 5568:ISBN 5543:ISBN 5475:ISBN 5450:ISBN 5271:ISBN 5235:ISBN 4974:sate 4952:lung 4898:fork 4896:and 4890:lime 4831:tail 4823:ribs 4797:and 4775:lado 4626:and 4516:and 4495:taxi 4247:and 4220:uma. 3819:and 3817:Nias 3753:and 3686:desa 3675:desa 3349:desa 3347:and 3321:City 3298:City 3275:City 3252:City 3229:City 3206:City 3183:City 2596:and 2494:167 2491:167 2488:135 2485:136 2482:186 2479:200 2476:206 2473:200 2470:188 2467:175 2464:181 2461:175 2374:20.0 2369:21.1 2364:21.1 2359:21.1 2354:21.1 2349:20.6 2344:21.1 2339:20.0 2334:21.7 2329:21.7 2324:21.1 2319:20.6 2314:21.1 2304:23.8 2299:23.9 2294:23.9 2289:23.9 2284:23.9 2279:23.3 2274:23.3 2269:23.9 2264:23.9 2259:23.9 2254:23.9 2249:24.4 2244:23.3 2234:26.6 2229:26.7 2224:26.7 2219:26.7 2214:26.7 2209:25.0 2204:25.0 2199:27.0 2194:27.5 2189:27.2 2184:27.0 2179:27.0 2174:27.0 2164:31.6 2159:30.6 2154:31.1 2149:31.7 2144:32.2 2139:32.2 2134:31.7 2129:32.2 2124:32.2 2119:31.7 2114:31.7 2109:31.7 2104:30.6 2094:34.4 2089:32.8 2084:32.8 2079:33.3 2074:32.8 2069:33.3 2064:33.3 2059:33.9 2054:33.9 2049:33.3 2044:33.9 2039:34.4 2034:33.9 2023:Dec 2020:Nov 2017:Oct 2014:Sep 2011:Aug 2008:Jul 2005:Jun 2002:May 1999:Apr 1996:Mar 1993:Feb 1990:Jan 1936:and 1927:Sago 1899:Arau 1897:and 1895:Anai 1885:and 1789:and 1754:and 1739:PRRI 1658:and 1529:Java 1503:Adat 1465:and 1366:Bila 1354:Imam 1350:adat 1342:qaum 1336:and 1282:and 1280:Aceh 1263:The 1149:and 1117:and 1091:The 883:Ming 698:Java 666:Riau 612:Area 594:1610 541:high 539:) – 496:US$ 491:22nd 467:US$ 462:13th 449:2022 340:88% 271:Area 7786:HDI 7776:GDP 6170:hdl 6160:doi 6148:105 5846:doi 5227:doi 5025:or 4980:in 4720:of 4503:). 4223:Uma 3890:in 3882:in 3718:as 3655:19 3642:18 3629:17 3616:16 3603:14 3590:14 3577:13 3564:12 3546:11 3533:10 2819:in 2443:480 2438:518 2433:495 2428:352 2423:348 2418:277 2413:307 2408:315 2403:363 2398:307 2393:259 2388:351 1591:to 1364:), 893:in 729:in 648:of 537:9th 526:HDI 505:PPP 476:PPP 350:4% 345:4% 247:PKS 7819:: 7420:: 6945:. 6876:. 6872:. 6842:. 6817:. 6725:. 6695:. 6673:. 6651:. 6427:. 6423:. 6385:. 6350:. 6312:. 6266:^ 6249:. 6218:. 6168:. 6158:. 6146:. 6142:. 6089:. 6023:. 5978:^ 5852:. 5842:74 5840:. 5778:^ 5695:^ 5652:^ 5608:^ 5501:. 5386:^ 5243:. 5233:. 5200:^ 5190:. 5094:^ 4942:, 4900:. 4857:, 4853:, 4849:, 4845:, 4837:, 4833:, 4829:, 4825:, 4558:. 4493:, 4402:, 4398:, 4394:, 4390:, 4386:, 4378:, 4374:, 4109:. 4089:, 4083:, 4051:. 4032:. 4015:. 4007:, 4003:, 3997:, 3991:, 3987:, 3823:. 3722:. 3688:. 3520:9 3505:– 3492:8 3478:7 3464:6 3450:5 3436:4 3422:3 3403:2 3389:1 3367:. 2821:km 2585:, 2581:, 2577:, 2573:, 2569:, 2565:, 2545:Af 1956:. 1893:, 1881:, 1877:, 1785:, 1781:, 1777:, 1773:, 1769:. 1750:, 1729:, 1714:. 1694:, 1535:, 1531:, 1437:. 1356:, 1249:. 1173:. 1032:, 866:. 784:. 768:: 714:. 640:: 487:Rp 458:Rp 364:, 263:id 7755:) 7751:( 7436:) 7432:( 7424:( 7401:e 7394:t 7387:v 7208:e 7201:t 7194:v 7027:e 7020:t 7013:v 6999:. 6961:. 6913:. 6888:. 6857:. 6828:. 6803:. 6782:. 6760:. 6711:. 6628:. 6607:. 6587:. 6553:. 6503:. 6482:. 6439:. 6396:. 6297:. 6260:. 6234:. 6204:. 6178:. 6172:: 6162:: 6154:: 6101:. 6062:. 6035:. 5997:. 5860:. 5848:: 5822:. 5794:. 5757:. 5680:. 5576:. 5551:. 5503:3 5483:. 5458:. 5419:. 5334:. 5309:. 5279:. 5254:. 5229:: 4865:( 4777:( 4435:. 2790:. 2540:( 1360:( 1179:- 989:( 636:( 607:) 507:) 493:) 478:) 464:) 431:) 427:( 358:) 249:) 245:( 117:) 113:( 95:) 91:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.