1323:(there is an effective procedure to determine whether φ is derivable or not), and the availability of practical reasoning algorithms. OWL DL includes all OWL language constructs, but they can be used only under certain restrictions (for example, number restrictions may not be placed upon properties which are declared to be transitive; and while a class may be a subclass of many classes, a class cannot be an instance of another class). OWL DL is so named due to its correspondence with
68:
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27:
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that the individual
Harriet is related via "hasMother" to the individual Sue, and that Harriet is a member of the "HasTypeOBlood" class, then it can be inferred that Sue is not a member of "HasTypeABBlood". This is, however, only true if the concepts of "Parent" and "Mother" only mean biological parent or mother and not social parent or mother.
480:
Similarly, ontologies are typically far more flexible as they are meant to represent information on the
Internet coming from all sorts of heterogeneous data sources. Class hierarchies on the other hand tend to be fairly static and rely on far less diverse and more structured sources of data such as corporate databases.
883:
Inclusion and equivalence between classes, definition of atomic classes, universe class, intersection between classes, definitions of classes formed by elements that take part in relationships or have a relationship of a certain type only with elements of a certain class, congruence operator between
828:
An ontology describing families might include axioms stating that a "hasMother" property is only present between two individuals when "hasParent" is also present, and that individuals of class "HasTypeOBlood" are never related via "hasParent" to members of the "HasTypeABBlood" class. If it is stated
812:
which place constraints on sets of individuals (called "classes") and the types of relationships permitted between them. These axioms provide semantics by allowing systems to infer additional information based on the data explicitly provided. A full introduction to the expressive power of the OWL is
1385:
OWL Full is based on a different semantics from OWL Lite or OWL DL, and was designed to preserve some compatibility with RDF Schema. For example, in OWL Full a class can be treated simultaneously as a collection of individuals and as an individual in its own right; this is not permitted in OWL DL.
775:
A 2006 survey of ontologies available on the web collected 688 OWL ontologies. Of these, 199 were OWL Lite, 149 were OWL DL and 337 OWL Full (by syntax). They found that 19 ontologies had in excess of 2,000 classes, and that 6 had more than 10,000. The same survey collected 587 RDFS vocabularies.
479:
but there are several critical differences. Class hierarchies are meant to represent structures used in source code that evolve fairly slowly (perhaps with monthly revisions) whereas ontologies are meant to represent information on the
Internet and are expected to be evolving almost constantly.
2278:
No direct language support for n-ary relationships. For example, modelers may wish to describe the qualities of a relation, to relate more than 2 individuals or to relate an individual to a list. This cannot be done within OWL. They may need to adopt a pattern instead which encodes the meaning
510:
The OWL family contains many species, serializations, syntaxes and specifications with similar names. OWL and OWL2 are used to refer to the 2004 and 2009 specifications, respectively. Full species names will be used, including specification version (for example, OWL2 EL). When referring more
1263:. In practice, however, most of the expressiveness constraints placed on OWL Lite amount to little more than syntactic inconveniences: most of the constructs available in OWL DL can be built using complex combinations of OWL Lite features, and is equally expressive as the description logic
729:
a consensus formed that recent advances in description logic would allow a more expressive revision to satisfy user requirements more comprehensively whilst retaining good computational properties. In
December 2006, the OWL1.1 Member Submission was made to the W3C. The W3C chartered the
498:
In
October 2007, a new W3C working group was started to extend OWL with several new features as proposed in the OWL 1.1 member submission. W3C announced the new version of OWL on 27 October 2009. This new version, called OWL 2, soon found its way into semantic editors such as
1970:
with attractive and well-understood computational properties. OWL DL and OWL Lite semantics are based on DLs. They combine a syntax for describing and exchanging ontologies, and formal semantics that gives them meaning. For example, OWL DL corresponds to the
468:. Ontologies are a formal way to describe taxonomies and classification networks, essentially defining the structure of knowledge for various domains: the nouns representing classes of objects and the verbs representing relations between the objects.
1394:
In OWL 2, there are three sublanguages of the language. OWL 2 EL is a fragment that has polynomial time reasoning complexity; OWL 2 QL is designed to enable easier access and query to data stored in databases; OWL 2 RL is a rule subset of OWL 2.
682:
replaced the
Metadata Activity. In 2004 (as part of a wider revision of RDF) RDFS became a W3C Recommendation. Though RDFS provides some support for ontology specification, the need for a more expressive ontology language had become clear.
1450:. Facts state data either about an individual or about a pair of individual identifiers (that the objects identified are distinct or the same). Axioms specify the characteristics of classes and properties. This style is similar to
1442:. Annotations carry machine and human oriented meta-data. Information about the classes, properties and individuals that compose the ontology is contained in axioms and facts only. Each class, property and individual is either
1223:
The W3C-endorsed OWL specification includes the definition of three variants of OWL, with different levels of expressiveness. These are OWL Lite, OWL DL and OWL Full (ordered by increasing expressiveness). Each of these
2300:
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constraints, it only permits cardinality values of 0 or 1. It was hoped that it would be simpler to provide tool support for OWL Lite than its more expressive relatives, allowing quick migration path for systems using
2097:
describes the formal semantics for RDF. This interpretation provides the meaning of RDF and RDFS vocabulary. So, the meaning of OWL Full ontologies are defined by extension of the RDFS meaning, and OWL Full is a
807:
The data described by an ontology in the OWL family is interpreted as a set of "individuals" and a set of "property assertions" which relate these individuals to each other. An ontology consists of a set of
1624:
The
Manchester Syntax is a compact, human readable syntax with a style close to frame languages. Variations are available for OWL and OWL2. Not all OWL and OWL2 ontologies can be expressed in this syntax.
4532:
2071:
2020:
2238:
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OWL Full allows an ontology to augment the meaning of the pre-defined (RDF or OWL) vocabulary. OWL Full is undecidable, so no reasoning software is able to perform complete reasoning for it.
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1305:
692:
As of Monday, the 31st of May, our working group will officially come to an end. We have achieved all that we were chartered to do, and I believe our work is being quite well appreciated.
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adds to AL the empty class, the complement classes, the union of classes and the classes of elements that are in a certain relationship with elements of a certain class
3035:
1939:
In the beginning, IS-A was quite simple. Today, however, there are almost as many meanings for this inheritance link as there are knowledge-representation systems.
2136:. Under the open world assumption, if a statement cannot be proven to be true with current knowledge, we cannot draw the conclusion that the statement is false.
1010:
disjunction of properties, reflexivity, asymmetry, irreflexivity, relations composed of other relations, definition of non-relationship between two individuals
1647:(http://www.example.org/tea.owl, say). This example provides a sense of the syntax. To save space below, preambles and prefix definitions have been skipped.
734:
as part of the
Semantic Web Activity in September 2007. In April 2008, this group decided to call this new language OWL2, indicating a substantial revision.
1250:
OWL Lite was originally intended to support those users primarily needing a classification hierarchy and simple constraints. For example, while it supports
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as part of their
Semantic Web Activity. It began work on November 1, 2001 with co-chairs James Hendler and Guus Schreiber. The first working drafts of the
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This syntax closely follows the structure of an OWL2 ontology. It is used by OWL2 to specify semantics, mappings to exchange syntaxes and profiles.
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2834:
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3318:
1307:. Development of OWL Lite tools has thus proven to be almost as difficult as development of tools for OWL DL, and OWL Lite is not widely used.
624:
The
Semantic Web provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries.
3806:
3347:
3108:
5845:
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5368:
4619:
2867:
Horrocks, Ian; Patel-Schneider, Peter F.; van Harmelen, Frank (2003). "From SHIQ and RDF to OWL: the making of a Web Ontology Language".
242:
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1643:
Consider an ontology for tea based on a Tea class. First, an ontology identifier is needed. Every OWL ontology must be identified by a
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cardinality restriction: number of elements participating in a certain relationship less than, greater than or equal to a value n
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OWL 2 became a W3C recommendation in October 2009. OWL 2 introduces profiles to improve scalability in typical applications.
111:
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development in philosophy and computer science. Since the 1990s, a number of research efforts have explored how the idea of
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5235:
4873:
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4269:
2697:"The Semantic Web A new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities"
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4851:
2025:
1974:
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as a web ontology language. This group was jointly funded by the DARPA (under the DAML program) and the European Union's
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1909:
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have been devised. Each leads to a syntax for languages in the OWL family through this mapping. RDF/XML is normative.
1333:
4962:
2077:(i.e. systems which are guaranteed to derive every consequence of the knowledge in an ontology) exist for these DLs.
1955:
Early attempts to build large ontologies were plagued by a lack of clear definitions. Members of the OWL family have
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54:
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OWL ontologies can import other ontologies, adding information from the imported ontology to the current ontology.
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is a syntactic extension of its simpler predecessor. The following set of relations hold. Their inverses do not.
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341:
180:
89:
5251:
3710:"OWL Web Ontology Language Semantics and Abstract Syntax Section 5. RDF-Compatible Model-Theoretic Semantics"
2599:
2840:
Mechanizing Mathematical Reasoning: Essays in Honor of Jörg H. Siekmann on the Occasion of His 60th Birthday
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571:
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46:
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OWL was chosen as an easily pronounced acronym that would yield good logos, suggest wisdom, and honor
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DAML+OIL is a particularly major influence on OWL; OWL's design was specifically based on DAML+OIL.
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argue that though this syntax is hard to parse, it is quite concrete. They conclude that the name
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OWL DL is designed to provide the maximum expressiveness possible while retaining computational
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Why not be inconsistent in at least one aspect of a language which is all about consistency?
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2334:
1320:
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in February 1999, and RDFS a Candidate Recommendation in March 2000. In February 2001, the
4073:
Description Logic: A Formal Foundation for Ontology Languages and Tools, Part 1: Languages
3844:
2716:
1327:, a field of research that has studied the logics that form the formal foundation of OWL.
841:
was used, increasing its power by adding logics represented by convention with acronyms:
8:
5655:
5522:
5514:
5014:
4841:
4799:
4244:
2295:
2145:
838:
495:(RDF). OWL and RDF have attracted significant academic, medical and commercial interest.
3743:
2826:
1403:
The OWL family of languages supports a variety of syntaxes. It is useful to distinguish
5665:
5538:
5530:
5453:
5323:
4908:
4340:
4229:
4219:
4053:
3652:
3648:
3565:
3243:
3207:
Wang, T. D.; Parsia, B.; Hendler, J. (2006). "A Survey of the Web Ontology Landscape".
2894:
2548:
1944:
1504:
1260:
649:
a declarative representation language influenced by ideas from knowledge representation
4087:
Description Logic: A Formal Foundation for Ontology Languages and Tools, Part 2: Tools
3514:
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2712:
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3220:
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2628:
2358:
2165:
1967:
1920:
1455:
1324:
760:
603:
504:
472:
2396:
2301:
Agris: International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology
5784:
5024:
4563:
4167:
3678:
3569:
3547:
3288:
3212:
3090:
2898:
2886:
2838:
2708:
2620:
2556:
2540:
1578:
546:(AI) could be made useful on the World Wide Web. These included languages based on
330:
4680:
3356:"OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Structural Specification and Functional-Style Syntax"
2552:
5635:
5302:
5189:
4777:
4439:
4418:
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4335:
4254:
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4224:
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710:
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3709:
3614:
3502:
3476:
3322:
3071:
2822:
2395:
Knublauch, Holger; Oberle, Daniel; Tetlow, Phil; Wallace, Evan (9 March 2006).
2319:
2057:
2006:
1543:
1451:
1427:
High level syntax is used to specify the OWL ontology structure and semantics.
3551:
558:), and various frame-based KR languages and knowledge acquisition approaches.
5834:
5789:
5779:
5672:
5618:
5101:
5029:
5019:
4945:
4752:
4491:
4446:
4264:
3708:
Patel-Schneider, Peter F.; Hayes, Patrick; Horrocks, Ian (10 February 2004).
1601:
714:
675:
575:
4023:
4553:
4507:
4128:
3584:
What IS-A is and isn't: An analysis of taxonomic links in semantic networks
3381:
3156:
3067:
2963:
2940:
2818:
2814:
2305:
2094:
1956:
618:
365:
3956:
3445:
Motik, Boris; Parsia, Bijan; Patel-Schneider, Peter F. (27 October 2009).
2648:
2314:
2115:, while the open world assumption states that everything we don't know is
1966:
Description logics are a family of logics that are decidable fragments of
1419:
These are close to the ontology structure of languages in the OWL family.
717:
on February 10, 2004 and the working group was disbanded on May 31, 2004.
713:, reference and synopsis were published in July 2002. OWL became a formal
5774:
5769:
5732:
5707:
5498:
5430:
5399:
5136:
4987:
4957:
4940:
4737:
4604:
4568:
4330:
4198:
4019:
4015:
3792:
3021:
2649:"Google Code Archive - Long-term storage for Google Code Project Hosting"
2329:
1559:
1251:
1225:
5587:
3216:
2624:
2485:
5805:
5483:
5009:
4967:
4930:
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4614:
4517:
4300:
4295:
4188:
3239:
2609:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 4130. pp. 292–297.
2423:
2086:
1516:
1204:
1041:
creation of classes via list of all and only the individuals contained
796:
442:
594:(IST) funding project. DAML+OIL was intended to be a thin layer above
5121:
5059:
4645:
4460:
4453:
4355:
4193:
4147:
3385:
1616:
serialization that closely models the structure of an OWL2 ontology.
1256:
587:
3970:
3501:
2524:
Sirin, E.; Parsia, B.; Grau, B. C.; Kalyanpur, A.; Katz, Y. (2007).
2502:
198:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
67:
5071:
5039:
4999:
4935:
4747:
4655:
4345:
4152:
4142:
3618:
2866:
2694:
2074:
4048:
Bechhofer, Sean; Horrocks, Ian; Patel-Schneider, Peter F. (2021).
3260:
3211:. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 4273. p. 682.
5645:
5458:
5214:
5064:
4826:
4665:
4660:
4432:
4425:
4360:
3881:"GBIF Community Site: Section 1: a review of the TDWG Ontologies"
3286:
3083:
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
2869:
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
2533:
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
2266:
2089:(RDFS), and to be capable of augmenting the meanings of existing
1207:) to which a relationship can lead (e.g. "Mario is n years old")
375:
4047:
3931:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3276:
2573:
2424:"OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Document Overview (Second Edition)"
1935:
are called the same way in both the OWL and the DL terminology.
791:
An ontology is an explicit specification of a conceptualization.
5794:
5752:
5742:
5737:
5488:
5409:
5277:
5199:
5081:
5034:
4972:
4925:
4836:
4578:
4481:
4097:
3975:
3906:
2827:"Description Logics as Ontology Languages for the Semantic Web"
2397:"A Semantic Web Primer for Object-Oriented Software Developers"
2161:
3990:
3143:
message sent to W3C webont-wg mailing list on 27 December 2001
2673:
2054:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2003:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1430:
The OWL abstract syntax presents an ontology as a sequence of
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1281:
1278:
1275:
903:
900:
866:
5720:
5682:
5204:
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5126:
5076:
5054:
5044:
4982:
4920:
4915:
4809:
4650:
4640:
4558:
4537:
4310:
3598:"Reducing OWL Entailment to Description Logic Satisfiability"
3273:
2991:
OWL: Representing Information Using the Web Ontology Language
2913:
2791:
OWL: Representing Information Using the Web Ontology Language
2460:
2374:
2368:
2160:
is a query and management language for relational databases.
2149:
1960:
1634:
The W3C OWL 2 Web Ontology Language provides syntax examples.
1241:
Every valid OWL DL conclusion is a valid OWL Full conclusion.
1238:
Every valid OWL Lite conclusion is a valid OWL DL conclusion.
950:
Adds the definition of the transitivity of a relation to ALC
809:
567:
355:
3740:"Closed World vs. Open World: the First Semantic Web Battle"
3707:
3313:
3244:"A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications"
2695:
Berners-Lee, Tim; James Hendler; Ora Lassila (17 May 2001).
2394:
5810:
5764:
5747:
5697:
5687:
5650:
5194:
5096:
4883:
4804:
4609:
4599:
4573:
4393:
3418:
Patel-Schneider, Peter F.; Motik, Boris (27 October 2009).
2759:
Segaran, Toby; Evans, Colin; Taylor, Jamie (24 July 2009).
2363:
2220:
1600:
are specified for languages in the OWL family. Several RDF
837:
To choose a subset of first-order logic that is decidable,
667:
643:
595:
547:
345:
3444:
3346:
2503:"W3C Standard Facilitates Data Management and Integration"
2486:"Submission Request to W3C: OWL 1.1 Web Ontology Language"
2126:
Closed World vs. Open World: the First Semantic Web Battle
2111:
world assumption implies that everything we don't know is
801:
A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications
584:
EU/US ad hoc Joint Working Group on Agent Markup Languages
5692:
5318:
5131:
5086:
4994:
4762:
4486:
3807:"The National Center for Biomedical Ontology - BioPortal"
3617:; Krötzsch, Markus; Rudolph, Sebastian (25 August 2009).
3293:"OWL Web Ontology Language Semantics and Abstract Syntax"
3265:
2961:
2938:
2911:
2428:
2401:
2157:
1644:
1613:
1447:
1235:
Every legal OWL DL ontology is a legal OWL Full ontology.
1232:
Every legal OWL Lite ontology is a legal OWL DL ontology.
3766:
2523:
3471:
3386:"application/rdf+xml Media Type Registration (RFC3870)"
3065:
3034:
2600:"FaCT++ Description Logic Reasoner: System Description"
699:
Web-Ontology Working Group: Conclusions and Future Work
662:
In the late 1990s, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
3971:"Elementary Multiperspective Material Ontology (EMMO)"
3643:
3613:
2250:
The following tools include public ontology browsers:
1496:
884:
individuals and an individual's membership in a class
3714:
W3C Recommendation for OWL, the Web Ontology Language
3657:
W3C Recommendation for OWL, the Web Ontology Language
2964:"RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema"
2905:
2813:
2028:
1977:
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Knowledge representation and reasoning § History
3417:
3323:"OWL Web Ontology Language Concrete Abstract Syntax"
2934:
2932:
2930:
2784:
2782:
2780:
4710:
3595:
3420:"OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Mapping to RDF Graphs"
3340:
2066:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {SROIQ}}^{\mathcal {(D)}}}
2051:
2015:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {SHOIN}}^{\mathcal {(D)}}}
2000:
92:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2758:
2731:
2350:, a featured allowed by OWL to represent knowledge
2065:
2022:description logic, while OWL 2 corresponds to the
2014:
1454:, and quite dissimilar to well known syntaxes for
1369:
1299:
1192:
1154:
1123:
1092:
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1030:
1000:
970:
940:
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873:
3206:
3070:; Motik, B.; Parsia, B.; Patel-Schneider, P. F.;
2927:
2862:
2860:
2777:
1914:
767:knowledge representation project from the 1970s.
582:decided that DAML should be merged with OIL. The
561:
5832:
3413:
3411:
2982:
1370:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {SHOIN}}(\mathbf {D} )}
705:The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created the
3477:"OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Manchester Syntax"
3475:; Patel-Schneider, Peter F. (27 October 2009).
3447:"OWL 2 Web Ontology Language XML Serialization"
2597:
2371:: Simple Semantic Web Architecture and Protocol
1300:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {SHIF}}(\mathbf {D} )}
580:Joint EU/US Committee on Agent Markup Languages
4024:"Defining N-ary Relations on the Semantic Web"
3022:"Web-Ontology (WebOnt) Working Group (Closed)"
2857:
2436:
2139:
1165:like N, but the relationship can be qualified
5603:
4696:
4113:
3438:
3408:
2912:World Wide Web Consortium (6 February 2010).
2444:"XML and Semantic Web W3C Standards Timeline"
686:
507:such as Pellet, RacerPro, FaCT++ and HermiT.
3764:
3509:; Parsia, Bijan; Patel-Schneider, Peter F.;
3155:
3061:
3059:
3057:
2962:World Wide Web Consortium (23 August 2002).
2939:World Wide Web Consortium (23 August 2002).
2729:
980:Inclusion and equivalence between relations
16:Family of knowledge representation languages
3586:, IEEE Computer, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 30-36
3546:. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
3495:
2807:
2085:OWL Full is intended to be compatible with
523:
55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5610:
5596:
4703:
4689:
4120:
4106:
3543:Description Logics in Multimedia Reasoning
3287:Patel-Schneider, Peter F.; Horrocks, Ian;
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
1731:"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
5617:
4014:
3734:
3596:Horrocks, Ian; Patel-Schneider, Peter F.
3380:
3161:"Ontologe Reasoning: The Why and The How"
3054:
2989:Lacy, Lee W. (2005). "Chapter 9 - RDFS".
2880:
2614:
2377:: Shapes and Constraints Language for RDF
1476:
674:vocabulary sharing. The RDF became a W3C
612:
491:'s (W3C) standard for objects called the
282:Learn how and when to remove this message
264:Learn how and when to remove this message
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
152:Learn how and when to remove this message
5822:Comparison of data-serialization formats
4083:
4069:
4060:
3620:Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies
2497:
2495:
2132:The languages in the OWL family use the
2105:
1522:application/owl+xml, application/rdf+xml
1411:syntaxes more suitable for general use.
5562:International World Wide Web Conference
3465:
3007:
2968:RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0
727:OWL Experiences And Directions Workshop
483:The OWL languages are characterized by
5833:
4326:Knowledge representation and reasoning
4260:Semantic service-oriented architecture
3865:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3396:from the original on 17 September 2013
3028:
1710:"http://example.org/tea.owl"
1422:
5591:
4684:
4101:
3677:
3539:
3253:
3233:
3117:Tutorial on Semantic Web Technologies
2993:. Victoria, BC: Trafford Publishing.
2793:. Victoria, BC: Trafford Publishing.
2526:"Pellet: A practical OWL-DL reasoner"
2492:
2239:European Materials Modelling Ontology
1959:formal semantics, and so have strong
1407:syntaxes aimed at specification from
5236:Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
4063:"Introduction to Description Logics"
3653:"OWL Web Ontology Language Overview"
3515:"OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Primer"
3038:; Horrocks, Ian (19 December 2006).
2988:
2788:
2225:PROV-O, the ontology version of the
2175:
2073:logic. Sound, complete, terminating
1619:
1484:
1103:definition of functional properties
720:
426:Resource Description Framework, RDFS
248:Please help consolidate the article.
225:
163:
90:adding citations to reliable sources
61:
20:
5846:World Wide Web Consortium standards
2843:. Heidelberg, DE: Springer Berlin.
2789:Lacy, Lee W. (2005). "Chapter 10".
2080:
554:), based on XML (called XOL, later
13:
4387:Syntax and supporting technologies
4041:
3107:
2598:Tsarkov, D.; Horrocks, I. (2006).
2032:
1981:
1910:Semantics of programming languages
1848:<http://example.org/tea.owl>
1775:<http://example.org/tea.owl>
1663:<http://example.org/tea.owl>
1607:
1339:
1272:
1193:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {D}}_{n}}
1179:
1147:
1116:
1085:
1054:
1023:
993:
963:
933:
897:
863:
697:James Hendler and Guus Schreiber,
14:
5882:
5861:Declarative programming languages
3261:"OWL Web Ontology Language Guide"
2713:10.1038/scientificamerican0501-34
1377:, using the letters logic above.
36:This article has multiple issues.
4127:
2354:Multimedia Web Ontology Language
1495:
1389:
1360:
1290:
911:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {ALC}}}
592:Information Society Technologies
230:
168:
66:
25:
5459:Multimodal Interaction Activity
5419:Community & business groups
4008:
3983:
3963:
3949:
3924:
3899:
3873:
3829:
3799:
3781:
3758:
3728:
3701:
3671:
3637:
3607:
3589:
3576:
3533:
3481:W3C OWL 2 Web Ontology Language
3374:
3307:
3200:
3178:
3149:
3131:
3101:
3040:"OWL 1.1 Web Ontology Language"
2955:
2752:
2723:
2688:
2666:
2641:
2339:Unified Modeling Language (UML)
2337:, a different standard for the
2215:Suggested Upper Merged Ontology
1638:
1591:
1218:
1072:definition of inverse property
874:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {AL}}}
77:needs additional citations for
44:or discuss these issues on the
5851:Resource Description Framework
3932:"PROV-DM: The PROV Data Model"
3687:Resource Description Framework
3076:"OWL 2: The next step for OWL"
2730:John Hebeler (13 April 2009).
2591:
2566:
2517:
2478:
2453:
2416:
2388:
2272:
2204:Enterprise Vocabulary Services
2091:Resource Description Framework
1915:Relation to description logics
1460:Resource Description Framework
1364:
1356:
1294:
1286:
1155:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {Q}}}
1124:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {N}}}
1093:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {F}}}
1062:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {I}}}
1031:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {O}}}
1001:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}}
971:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}}
941:{\displaystyle {\mathcal {S}}}
786:Ontology (information science)
566:In 2000 in the United States,
562:Ontology languages for the web
493:Resource Description Framework
342:Resource Description Framework
1:
4501:Schemas, ontologies and rules
4065:. Free University of Bolzano.
3350:; Patel-Schneider, Peter F.;
3317:; Patel-Schneider, Peter F.;
2941:"Metadata Activity Statement"
2382:
2343:Object Management Group (OMG)
2279:outside the formal semantics.
2185:
1414:
1330:This one can be expressed as
779:
637:
5257:Web Accessibility Initiative
3582:Brachman, Ronald J. (1983);
3209:The Semantic Web - ISWC 2006
3095:10.1016/j.websem.2008.05.001
2891:10.1016/j.websem.2003.07.001
2761:Programming the Semantic Web
2545:10.1016/j.websem.2007.03.004
2208:
2180:
1903:
1473:may be somewhat misleading.
7:
5542:(browser/editor, 1996–2012)
4026:. World Wide Web Consortium
3907:"PROV-O: The PROV Ontology"
3716:. World Wide Web Consortium
3689:. World Wide Web Consortium
3659:. World Wide Web Consortium
3521:. World Wide Web Consortium
3519:OWL 2 Web Ontology Language
3483:. World Wide Web Consortium
3453:. World Wide Web Consortium
3451:OWL 2 Web Ontology Language
3426:. World Wide Web Consortium
3424:OWL 2 Web Ontology Language
3362:. World Wide Web Consortium
3360:OWL 2 Web Ontology Language
3295:. World Wide Web Consortium
3139:"Re: NAME: SWOL versus WOL"
3119:. World Wide Web Consortium
3042:. World Wide Web Consortium
2970:. World Wide Web Consortium
2943:. World Wide Web Consortium
2914:"W3C Semantic Web Activity"
2283:
2245:
2140:Contrast to other languages
1628:
1380:
1245:
770:
654:World Wide Web Consortium,
629:World Wide Web Consortium,
534:There is a long history of
477:object-oriented programming
386:OWL 2 Web Ontology Language
194:the claims made and adding
10:
5887:
4528:Semantic Web Rule Language
2335:Meta-Object Facility (MOF)
1919:OWL classes correspond to
1907:
1213:
847:Letter or symbol of logic
823:
783:
740:
707:Web-Ontology Working Group
687:Web-Ontology Working Group
641:
616:
527:
518:
487:. They are built upon the
5819:
5706:
5626:
5554:
5497:
5479:
5472:
5440:
5418:
5382:
5356:
5348:World Wide Web Foundation
5343:
5336:
5311:
5270:
5252:Markup Validation Service
5244:
5228:
5150:
5114:
4832:Linked Data Notifications
4728:
4719:
4712:World Wide Web Consortium
4633:
4592:
4546:
4500:
4386:
4379:
4278:
4212:
4181:
4135:
4061:Franconi, Enrico (2002).
3552:10.1007/978-3-319-54066-5
3540:Sikos, Leslie F. (2017).
3036:Patel-Schneider, Peter F.
2505:. W3.org. 27 October 2009
2260:
1576:
1537:
1532:World Wide Web Consortium
1527:
1515:
1503:
1494:
1490:OWL RDF/XML Serialization
1398:
1310:
631:W3C Semantic Web Activity
489:World Wide Web Consortium
438:
430:
422:
414:
406:
398:
390:
371:
361:
351:
337:
325:
317:
309:
301:
297:OWL Web Ontology Language
4634:Microformat vocabularies
4306:Information architecture
3327:University of Manchester
2734:Semantic Web Programming
2488:. W3C. 19 December 2006.
2348:Metaclass (Semantic Web)
1845:
1795:
1766:
1701:
1654:
1596:Syntactic mappings into
1517:Internet media type
1319:(either φ or ¬φ holds),
832:
586:was convened to develop
540:knowledge representation
524:Early ontology languages
464:languages for authoring
462:knowledge representation
243:too many section headers
4523:Rule Interchange Format
4286:Collective intelligence
2170:closed world assumption
2168:language. Both use the
1927:, OWL properties to DL
1544:OWL 2 XML Serialization
1203:definition of domains (
670:(RDFS), a language for
570:started development of
544:artificial intelligence
101:"Web Ontology Language"
4084:Horrocks, Ian (2010).
4070:Horrocks, Ian (2010).
3957:"Iso/Iec 21838-2:2021"
3841:www.ontologyportal.org
3113:"Why OWL and not WOL?"
2130:
2067:
2016:
1953:
1949:What IS-A is and isn't
1651:OWL2 Functional Syntax
1564:; 20 years ago
1562:February 10, 2004
1548:; 14 years ago
1477:OWL2 functional syntax
1371:
1301:
1194:
1156:
1125:
1094:
1063:
1032:
1002:
972:
942:
912:
875:
813:provided in the W3C's
805:
757:
703:
660:
635:
613:Semantic web standards
5841:Web Ontology Language
3789:"OBO Download Matrix"
3248:Knowledge Acquisition
2325:Geopolitical ontology
2233:Basic Formal Ontology
2134:open world assumption
2109:
2106:Open world assumption
2068:
2017:
1937:
1602:serialization formats
1546:October 27, 2009
1372:
1302:
1195:
1157:
1126:
1095:
1064:
1033:
1003:
973:
943:
913:
876:
789:
744:
690:
680:Semantic Web Activity
647:
642:Further information:
622:
617:Further information:
578:. In March 2001, the
528:Further information:
454:Web Ontology Language
418:W3C OWL Working Group
4321:Knowledge management
4316:Knowledge extraction
3995:Protege.stanford.edu
3795:on 22 February 2007.
3681:(10 February 2004).
3651:(10 February 2004).
3321:(10 December 2003).
3291:(10 February 2004).
2148:consists of sets of
2093:(RDF) vocabulary. A
2026:
1975:
1752:</Declaration>
1446:or identified by an
1334:
1267:
1173:
1142:
1111:
1080:
1049:
1018:
988:
958:
928:
892:
858:
753:Why OWL and not WOL?
471:Ontologies resemble
86:improve this article
5856:XML-based standards
4593:Common vocabularies
4547:Semantic annotation
4245:Semantic publishing
3811:www.bioontology.org
3649:van Harmelen, Frank
3645:McGuinness, Deborah
3513:(27 October 2009).
3392:. IETF. p. 2.
3354:(27 October 2009).
3217:10.1007/11926078_49
3186:"OWL: the original"
2701:Scientific American
2625:10.1007/11814771_26
2607:Automated Reasoning
2432:. 11 December 2012.
2296:Semantic technology
2166:logical programming
2146:relational database
2124:Stefano Mazzocchi,
1737:<Declaration>
1491:
1423:OWL abstract syntax
1200:(Countable domain)
839:propositional logic
387:
298:
5866:Ontology languages
5568:Steering Committee
5448:Device Description
5426:Web Advertising BG
4341:Digital humanities
4230:Semantic computing
4220:Semantic analytics
4204:Rule-based systems
3979:. 28 January 2022.
3887:. 12 February 2013
3885:Community.gbif.org
3765:OBO Technical WG.
3736:Mazzocchi, Stefano
3511:Rudolph, Sebastian
3384:(September 2004).
2763:. O'Reilly Media.
2100:semantic extension
2063:
2012:
1945:Ronald J. Brachman
1612:OWL2 specifies an
1505:Filename extension
1489:
1367:
1297:
1190:
1152:
1121:
1090:
1059:
1028:
998:
968:
938:
908:
871:
765:One World Language
715:W3C recommendation
505:semantic reasoners
385:
296:
179:possibly contains
5828:
5827:
5585:
5584:
5550:
5549:
5468:
5467:
5332:
5331:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4584:Facebook Platform
4471:
4470:(no W3C standard)
4463:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4407:
4371:Web Science Trust
4291:Description logic
4250:Semantic reasoner
4240:Semantic matching
4168:Semantic networks
4050:"Tutorial on OWL"
4022:(12 April 2006).
3769:. The OBO Foundry
3767:"The OBO Foundry"
3630:978-1-4200-9050-5
3561:978-3-319-54066-5
3473:Horridge, Matthew
3289:Patrick J., Hayes
3226:978-3-540-49029-6
3000:978-1-4120-3448-7
2850:978-3-540-25051-7
2800:978-1-4120-3448-7
2770:978-0-596-15381-6
2745:978-0-470-41801-7
2719:on 24 April 2013.
2676:. HermiT Reasoner
2634:978-3-540-37187-8
2578:Racer-systems.com
2359:Semantic reasoner
2176:Public ontologies
1968:first-order logic
1921:description logic
1763:Manchester Syntax
1755:</Ontology>
1620:Manchester Syntax
1589:
1588:
1528:Developed by
1485:Exchange syntaxes
1325:description logic
1211:
1210:
761:William A. Martin
732:OWL Working Group
721:OWL Working Group
664:Metadata Activity
656:Metadata Activity
604:description logic
473:class hierarchies
460:) is a family of
448:
447:
381:
380:
352:Related standards
333:), Guus Schreiber
292:
291:
284:
274:
273:
266:
224:
223:
216:
181:original research
162:
161:
154:
136:
59:
5878:
5785:Protocol Buffers
5612:
5605:
5598:
5589:
5588:
5574:First conference
5543:
5535:
5527:
5519:
5511:
5477:
5476:
5341:
5340:
5324:XHTML+MathML+SVG
4743:Activity Streams
4726:
4725:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4682:
4681:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4403:
4384:
4383:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4092:
4080:
4078:
4066:
4057:
4056:on 15 July 2017.
4052:. Archived from
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4012:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3967:
3961:
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3953:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3864:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3843:. Archived from
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3813:. Archived from
3803:
3797:
3796:
3791:. Archived from
3785:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3742:. Archived from
3738:(16 June 2005).
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3593:
3587:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3507:Krötzsch, Markus
3499:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3415:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3390:Ietf Datatracker
3378:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3311:
3305:
3304:
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3284:
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3270:
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3237:
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3052:
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3032:
3026:
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2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2936:
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2920:
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2903:
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2864:
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2854:
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2805:
2804:
2786:
2775:
2774:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2737:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2715:. Archived from
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2645:
2639:
2638:
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2604:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2562:on 27 June 2007.
2561:
2555:. Archived from
2530:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2499:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
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2450:
2448:
2440:
2434:
2433:
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2413:
2411:
2409:
2392:
2128:
2081:Relation to RDFS
2072:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2048:
2047:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2011:
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1996:
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1864:
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1858:
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1852:
1849:
1832:
1831:</rdf:RDF>
1829:
1826:
1825:"#Tea"
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1807:<owl:Ontology
1805:
1802:
1799:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
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1729:
1726:
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1685:
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1572:
1570:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1510:.owx, .owl, .rdf
1499:
1492:
1488:
1465:Sean Bechhofer,
1376:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1355:
1354:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1298:
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909:
907:
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877:
872:
870:
869:
844:
843:
803:
755:
751:Guus Schreiber,
725:In 2005, at the
701:
666:started work on
658:
633:
600:formal semantics
485:formal semantics
388:
384:
331:BBN Technologies
299:
295:
287:
280:
269:
262:
258:
255:
249:
234:
233:
226:
219:
212:
208:
205:
199:
196:inline citations
172:
171:
164:
157:
150:
146:
143:
137:
135:
94:
70:
62:
51:
29:
28:
21:
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5875:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5815:
5702:
5622:
5616:
5586:
5581:
5546:
5541:
5533:
5525:
5517:
5509:
5493:
5464:
5436:
5414:
5378:
5352:
5328:
5307:
5266:
5240:
5224:
5190:SMIL Timesheets
5146:
5110:
5015:Information Set
4800:Geolocation API
4730:Recommendations
4721:
4715:
4709:
4679:
4670:
4629:
4588:
4542:
4496:
4375:
4366:Web engineering
4336:Digital library
4274:
4255:Semantic search
4235:Semantic mapper
4225:Semantic broker
4208:
4177:
4131:
4126:
4093:. SemTech 2010.
4090:
4079:. SemTech 2010.
4076:
4044:
4042:Further reading
4039:
4029:
4027:
4013:
4009:
3999:
3997:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3940:
3938:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3890:
3888:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3858:
3857:
3850:
3848:
3847:on 26 July 2004
3837:"Archived copy"
3835:
3834:
3830:
3820:
3818:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3787:
3786:
3782:
3772:
3770:
3763:
3759:
3749:
3747:
3746:on 24 June 2009
3733:
3729:
3719:
3717:
3706:
3702:
3692:
3690:
3683:"RDF Semantics"
3676:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3642:
3638:
3631:
3615:Hitzler, Pascal
3612:
3608:
3600:
3594:
3590:
3581:
3577:
3562:
3538:
3534:
3524:
3522:
3503:Hitzler, Pascal
3500:
3496:
3486:
3484:
3470:
3466:
3456:
3454:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3416:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3379:
3375:
3365:
3363:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3315:Bechhofer, Sean
3312:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3285:
3274:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3238:
3234:
3227:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3154:
3150:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3122:
3120:
3106:
3102:
3078:
3064:
3055:
3045:
3043:
3033:
3029:
3020:
3019:
3008:
3001:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2971:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2937:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2910:
2906:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2835:Stephan, Werner
2823:Sattler, Ulrike
2812:
2808:
2801:
2787:
2778:
2771:
2757:
2753:
2746:
2728:
2724:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2653:Code.google.com
2647:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2602:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2572:
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2567:
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2500:
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2211:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2142:
2129:
2123:
2108:
2083:
2050:
2049:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
1999:
1998:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1957:model theoretic
1952:
1943:
1917:
1912:
1906:
1899:
1898:
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1892:
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1886:
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1880:
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1797:
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1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1746:"Tea"
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1725:"owl"
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1698:OWL2 XML Syntax
1693:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1641:
1631:
1622:
1610:
1608:OWL2 XML syntax
1594:
1577:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1523:
1511:
1487:
1479:
1471:abstract syntax
1452:frame languages
1425:
1417:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1359:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1313:
1289:
1271:
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1268:
1265:
1264:
1248:
1221:
1216:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1146:
1145:
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1140:
1139:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1109:
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1084:
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1077:
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1046:
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1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
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989:
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896:
895:
893:
890:
889:
862:
861:
859:
856:
855:
835:
826:
804:
795:
788:
782:
773:
756:
750:
743:
723:
711:abstract syntax
702:
696:
689:
659:
653:
646:
640:
634:
628:
621:
615:
564:
532:
526:
521:
450:
449:
382:
288:
277:
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259:
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235:
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185:
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147:
141:
138:
95:
93:
83:
71:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5884:
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5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5826:
5825:
5820:
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5816:
5814:
5813:
5808:
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5787:
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5767:
5762:
5757:
5756:
5755:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5718:
5712:
5710:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5656:Web Encryption
5648:
5643:
5638:
5632:
5630:
5628:Human readable
5624:
5623:
5615:
5614:
5607:
5600:
5592:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5577:
5576:("WWW1", 1994)
5571:
5558:
5556:
5552:
5551:
5548:
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5545:
5544:
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5528:
5520:
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5451:
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5442:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5428:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5386:
5384:
5383:Working groups
5380:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5360:
5358:
5357:Elected groups
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5344:
5338:
5334:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5315:
5313:
5309:
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5300:
5295:
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5285:
5280:
5274:
5272:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5262:Web Components
5259:
5254:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5220:XMLHttpRequest
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5156:
5154:
5152:Working drafts
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5111:
5109:
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5094:
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5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
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5027:
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5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4992:
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4990:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4912:
4911:
4909:Filter Effects
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
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4819:
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4775:
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4755:
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4745:
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4734:
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4693:
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4631:
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4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4282:
4280:
4279:Related topics
4276:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4173:World Wide Web
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4125:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4081:
4067:
4058:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4007:
3982:
3962:
3948:
3923:
3898:
3872:
3828:
3817:on 3 July 2007
3798:
3780:
3757:
3727:
3700:
3679:Hayes, Patrick
3670:
3636:
3629:
3606:
3588:
3575:
3560:
3532:
3494:
3464:
3437:
3407:
3373:
3339:
3306:
3272:
3252:
3232:
3225:
3199:
3177:
3148:
3130:
3100:
3089:(4): 309–322.
3053:
3027:
3006:
2999:
2981:
2954:
2926:
2904:
2856:
2849:
2831:Hutter, Dieter
2806:
2799:
2776:
2769:
2751:
2744:
2722:
2687:
2665:
2640:
2633:
2616:10.1.1.65.2672
2590:
2574:"RACER - Home"
2565:
2516:
2491:
2477:
2452:
2435:
2415:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2345:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2320:Frame language
2317:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2223:
2218:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2199:
2197:NCBO BioPortal
2194:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2152:with the same
2141:
2138:
2121:
2107:
2104:
2082:
2079:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1941:
1916:
1913:
1908:Main article:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1846:
1843:
1836:
1835:
1796:
1793:
1792:RDF/XML syntax
1789:
1788:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1655:
1652:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1609:
1606:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1486:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1424:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1312:
1309:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1187:
1181:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1149:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1118:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1087:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1056:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1025:
1012:
1011:
1008:
995:
982:
981:
978:
965:
952:
951:
948:
935:
922:
921:
918:
905:
902:
899:
886:
885:
881:
868:
865:
852:
851:
848:
834:
831:
825:
822:
793:
784:Main article:
781:
778:
772:
769:
748:
742:
739:
722:
719:
694:
688:
685:
676:Recommendation
651:
639:
636:
626:
614:
611:
563:
560:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:will be used.
446:
445:
443:OWL 2 Overview
440:
436:
435:
432:
428:
427:
424:
423:Base standards
420:
419:
416:
412:
411:
408:
404:
403:
400:
396:
395:
392:
383:
379:
378:
373:
369:
368:
363:
359:
358:
353:
349:
348:
339:
338:Base standards
335:
334:
327:
323:
322:
319:
315:
314:
311:
307:
306:
303:
294:
293:
290:
289:
272:
271:
238:
236:
229:
222:
221:
176:
174:
167:
160:
159:
74:
72:
65:
60:
34:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5883:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5823:
5818:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5780:Property list
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5673:Property list
5671:
5667:
5666:Web Signature
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5625:
5620:
5619:Data exchange
5613:
5608:
5606:
5601:
5599:
5594:
5593:
5590:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5553:
5540:
5537:
5532:
5529:
5524:
5521:
5516:
5513:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5471:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5441:Closed groups
5439:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5381:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5339:
5337:Organizations
5335:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5310:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5263:
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3188:. 7 July 2003
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3066:Grau, B. C.;
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2819:Horrocks, Ian
2816:
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1963:foundations.
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1560:OWL Reference
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1448:URI reference
1445:
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1390:OWL2 profiles
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576:James Hendler
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376:OWL Reference
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254:February 2024
245:
244:
239:This article
237:
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218:
215:
207:
204:February 2024
197:
193:
189:
183:
182:
177:This article
175:
166:
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156:
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145:
142:February 2024
134:
131:
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124:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103: –
102:
98:
97:Find sources:
91:
87:
81:
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75:This article
73:
69:
64:
63:
58:
56:
49:
48:
43:
42:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
5871:Semantic Web
4846:
4720:Products and
4569:Microformats
4512:
4508:Common Logic
4213:Applications
4129:Semantic Web
4086:
4072:
4054:the original
4028:. Retrieved
4020:Rector, Alan
4016:Noy, Natasha
4010:
3998:. Retrieved
3994:
3985:
3974:
3965:
3951:
3939:. Retrieved
3935:
3926:
3914:. Retrieved
3910:
3901:
3889:. Retrieved
3884:
3875:
3849:. Retrieved
3845:the original
3840:
3831:
3819:. Retrieved
3815:the original
3810:
3801:
3793:the original
3783:
3771:. Retrieved
3760:
3748:. Retrieved
3744:the original
3730:
3718:. Retrieved
3713:
3703:
3691:. Retrieved
3686:
3673:
3661:. Retrieved
3656:
3639:
3623:. CRCPress.
3619:
3609:
3591:
3583:
3578:
3542:
3535:
3523:. Retrieved
3518:
3497:
3485:. Retrieved
3480:
3467:
3455:. Retrieved
3450:
3440:
3428:. Retrieved
3423:
3398:. Retrieved
3389:
3376:
3364:. Retrieved
3359:
3348:Motik, Boris
3342:
3330:. Retrieved
3309:
3297:. Retrieved
3264:
3255:
3250:, 5: 199-199
3247:
3235:
3208:
3202:
3190:. Retrieved
3180:
3168:. Retrieved
3157:Ian Horrocks
3151:
3142:
3133:
3121:. Retrieved
3116:
3109:Herman, Ivan
3103:
3086:
3082:
3068:Horrocks, I.
3044:. Retrieved
3030:
2990:
2984:
2972:. Retrieved
2967:
2957:
2945:. Retrieved
2917:. Retrieved
2907:
2872:
2868:
2839:
2809:
2790:
2760:
2754:
2733:
2725:
2717:the original
2707:(5): 34–43.
2704:
2700:
2690:
2678:. Retrieved
2668:
2656:. Retrieved
2652:
2643:
2606:
2593:
2581:. Retrieved
2577:
2568:
2557:the original
2539:(2): 51–53.
2536:
2532:
2519:
2507:. Retrieved
2480:
2468:. Retrieved
2464:
2455:
2438:
2427:
2418:
2406:. Retrieved
2400:
2390:
2306:Common Logic
2249:
2143:
2131:
2125:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2095:model theory
2084:
1965:
1954:
1948:
1938:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1813:""
1707:ontologyIRI=
1704:<Ontology
1642:
1639:Tea ontology
1623:
1611:
1595:
1592:RDF syntaxes
1480:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1418:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1329:
1321:decidability
1317:completeness
1314:
1249:
1226:sublanguages
1222:
1219:OWL dialects
1162:(Qualified)
850:Description
836:
827:
819:
814:
806:
800:
790:
774:
764:
758:
752:
745:
736:
731:
726:
724:
706:
704:
698:
691:
679:
663:
661:
655:
648:
630:
623:
619:Semantic Web
608:
583:
579:
565:
533:
512:
509:
497:
482:
470:
457:
453:
451:
434:Semantic Web
407:Year started
391:Abbreviation
366:Semantic Web
318:Year started
302:Abbreviation
278:
260:
251:
240:
210:
201:
178:
148:
139:
129:
122:
115:
108:
96:
84:Please help
79:verification
76:
52:
45:
39:
38:Please help
35:
18:
5775:MessagePack
5770:FlatBuffers
5760:Cap'n Proto
5555:Conferences
5431:WebAssembly
5400:WebAssembly
5303:WebPlatform
4958:Web storage
4941:WebAssembly
4738:ActivityPub
4605:Dublin Core
4331:Library 2.0
4199:Linked data
4000:23 February
3941:23 February
3916:23 February
3891:23 February
3773:23 February
3240:Gruber, Tom
3166:. p. 7
3072:Sattler, U.
2875:(1): 7–26.
2680:23 February
2658:23 February
2583:23 February
2470:23 February
2408:19 November
2330:IDEAS Group
2273:Limitations
2255:Protégé OWL
2192:OBO Foundry
1933:individuals
1798:<rdf:RDF
1666:Declaration
1579:Open format
1432:annotations
1252:cardinality
602:based on a
536:ontological
511:generally,
329:Mike Dean (
5835:Categories
5484:CERN httpd
5271:Deprecated
5245:Initiative
5229:Guidelines
5137:XHTML+SMIL
5005:Encryption
4968:Webmention
4931:Timed text
4768:Animations
4615:Schema.org
4351:References
4301:Geotagging
4296:Folksonomy
4189:Dataspaces
4182:Sub-topics
4158:Ontologies
4136:Background
3851:17 January
3821:17 January
3525:15 October
3400:15 October
3170:28 January
2509:15 October
2383:References
2186:Biomedical
2154:attributes
2087:RDF Schema
1822:rdf:about=
1810:rdf:about=
1719:<Prefix
1569:2004-02-10
1553:2009-10-27
1415:High level
1405:high level
1261:taxonomies
1259:and other
1205:data types
1100:(Feature)
1069:(Reverse)
797:Tom Gruber
780:Ontologies
668:RDF Schema
638:RDF schema
542:(KR) from
513:OWL Family
466:ontologies
188:improve it
112:newspapers
41:improve it
5661:Web Token
5534:(1994–97)
5526:(1994–97)
5518:(1993–98)
5507:Line Mode
5312:Obsoleted
5122:IndieAuth
5030:Signature
5020:Namespace
4817:IndexedDB
4795:EmotionML
4722:standards
4646:hCalendar
4564:Microdata
4461:N-Triples
4454:Notation3
4380:Standards
4356:Topic map
4194:Hyperdata
4163:Semantics
4148:Hypertext
4143:Databases
3991:"protégé"
3382:A. Swartz
2877:CiteSeerX
2738:. Wiley.
2611:CiteSeerX
2209:Standards
2181:Libraries
2117:undefined
2075:reasoners
1904:Semantics
1740:<Class
1444:anonymous
1131:(Number)
1038:(One of)
815:OWL Guide
402:Published
313:Published
241:may have
192:verifying
47:talk page
5806:uuencode
5499:Browsers
5473:Software
5405:WebAuthn
5102:elements
5072:XPointer
5040:XInclude
4936:VoiceXML
4842:Micropub
4656:hProduct
4346:Metadata
4153:Internet
4030:17 April
3861:cite web
3750:27 April
3720:18 April
3693:18 April
3663:18 April
3487:18 April
3457:18 April
3430:18 April
3394:Archived
3366:18 April
3332:18 April
3299:18 April
3242:(1993);
3192:22 March
3159:(2012).
3123:18 April
3074:(2008).
3046:26 April
2974:20 April
2947:20 April
2919:18 April
2837:(eds.).
2825:(2005).
2284:See also
2246:Browsers
2122:—
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