2075:
5519:
4773:
1836:
40:
5448:
4735:
3166:
1847:
5438:
4924:
4783:
4764:
4756:
1264:
5485:
4748:
3155:
410:. If a product is too durable, its replacement with more efficient technology is likely to be delayed. Therefore, extending an older machine's useful life may place a heavier burden on the environment than scrapping it, recycling its metal and buying a new model. Similarly, older vehicles consume more fuel and produce more emissions than their modern counterparts.
483:
Appropriate amounts and sizes can be chosen when purchasing goods; buying large containers of paint for a small decorating job or buying larger amounts of food than can be consumed create unnecessary waste. Also, if a pack or can is to be thrown away, any remaining contents must be removed before the
467:
reversed its policy, claiming "it was just a temporary bonus". In contrast, one study suggests that a bag tax is a more effective incentive than a similar discount. (Of note, the before/after study compared a circumstance in which some stores offered a discount vs. a circumstance in which all stores
517:
The amount of waste an individual produces is a small portion of all waste produced by society, and personal waste reduction can only make a small impact on overall waste volumes. Yet, influence on policy can be exerted in other areas. Increased consumer awareness of the impact and power of certain
498:
thoughtfully (e.g. turning off lights and equipment when it is not needed) and by reducing the number of car journeys made. Individuals can reduce the amount of waste they create by buying fewer products and by buying products which last longer. Mending broken or worn items of clothing or equipment
289:
This is a whole systems approach that aims to eliminate waste at the source and at all points down the supply chain, with the intention of producing no waste. It is a design philosophy which emphasizes waste prevention as opposed to end of pipe waste management. Since, globally speaking, waste as
243:
Steps can be taken to ensure that the number of reject batches is kept to a minimum. This is achieved by increasing the frequency of inspection and the number of points of inspection. For example, installing automated continuous monitoring equipment can help to identify production problems at an
428:
requires making them thicker and so heavier, which increases the resources required to transport them. Since transport has a large environmental impact, careful evaluation is required of the number of return journeys bottles make. If a refillable bottle is thrown away after being refilled only
569:
Waste minimisation can offer many opportunities to these establishments to use fewer resources, be less wasteful and generate less hazardous waste. Good management and control practices among health-care facilities can have a significant effect on the reduction of waste generated each day.
565:
establishments are massive producers of waste. The major sources of healthcare waste are: hospitals, laboratories and research centres, mortuary and autopsy centres, animal research and testing laboratories, blood banks and collection services, and nursing homes for the elderly.
371:, which should only be as durable as necessary to serve their intended purpose. On the other hand, it could be more wasteful if food, which has consumed resources and energy in its production, is damaged and spoiled because of extreme measures to reduce the use of
190:, using more efficient manufacturing processes and better materials generally reduces the production of waste. The application of waste minimisation techniques has led to the development of innovative and commercially successful replacement products.
1693:
77:
strategies. Proper waste treatment and disposal can require a significant amount of time and resources; therefore, the benefits of waste minimisation can be considerable if carried out in an effective, safe and sustainable manner.
193:
Waste minimisation efforts often require investment, which is usually compensated by the savings. However, waste reduction in one part of the production process may create waste production in another part.
310:
and environment pollution. When the endless consumption is reduced to minimum of only necessary consumption, the careless production towards the demand will be reduced. A minimal lifestyle can impact the
256:
This is where the waste product of one process becomes the raw material for a second process. Waste exchanges represent another way of reducing waste disposal volumes for waste that cannot be eliminated.
93:
conversion. Waste minimisation involves efforts to avoid creating the waste during manufacturing. To effectively implement waste minimisation the manager requires knowledge of the production process,
499:
also contributes to minimising household waste. Individuals can minimise their water usage, and walk or cycle to their destination rather than using their car to save fuel and cut down emissions.
413:
Most proponents of waste minimisation consider that the way forward may be to view any manufactured product at the end of its useful life as a resource for recycling and reuse rather than waste.
306:
Minimalism often refers to the concepts of art and music, even though a minimal lifestyle could make a huge impact for waste management and producing zero waste, can reduce which courses
947:
440:
Utilizing a charger port that can be used by any phone. The implementation of USB-C to reduce excess wires that end up in the waste that give off toxic chemicals that harm the planet.
4484:
2689:
2398:
171:– minimising or eliminating waste generation makes it easier to meet targets of environmental regulations, policies, and standards; the environmental impact of waste will be reduced.
4709:
4704:
273:
or components direct to the point where they are assembled or used in the manufacturing process to minimise handling and the use of protective wrappings or enclosures (example:
225:
Scraps can be immediately re-incorporated at the beginning of the manufacturing line so that they do not become a waste product. Many industries routinely do this; for example,
850:
116:
and quarrying, industry and commerce. Household waste constitutes a relatively small proportion of all waste. Industrial waste is often tied to requirements in the
229:
return any damaged rolls to the beginning of the production line, and in the manufacture of plastic items, off-cuts and scrap are re-incorporated into new products.
595:
468:
applying the tax.) While there is a minor inconvenience involved, this may remedy itself, as reusable bags are generally more convenient for carrying groceries.
2391:
2587:
1750:
2565:
2528:
1686:
1904:
2384:
155:– the environmental profile of a company is an important part of its overall reputation and waste minimisation reflects a proactive movement towards
578:
There are many examples of more efficient practices that can encourage waste minimisation in healthcare establishments and research facilities.
73:
way to manage waste often is to not have to address the problem in the first place. Managers see waste minimisation as a primary focus for most
4722:
2602:
2597:
2570:
1671:
165:
produced – innovations and technological practices can reduce waste generation and improve the quality of the inputs in the production phase.
120:. For example, a company handling a product may insist that it should be shipped using particular packing because it fits downstream needs.
54:
produced. By reducing or eliminating the generation of harmful and persistent wastes, waste minimisation supports efforts to promote a more
3217:
2555:
2503:
340:
used in a product or making the product easier to take apart can make it easier to be repaired or recycled at the end of its useful life.
4417:
2577:
2550:
2523:
2498:
2134:
2108:
1518:
204:, reducing waste before it is generated by proper package design and practice. Use of minimised packaging is key to working toward
94:
2909:
2649:
3447:
3179:
3174:
2894:
2518:
149:– more efficient use of products means reduced costs of purchasing new materials, improving the financial performance of a company.
4656:
3169:
2513:
1780:
432:
Many choices involve trade-offs of environmental impact, and often there is insufficient information to make informed decisions.
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1897:
968:
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3158:
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1681:
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31:
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when the older products are still usable. Adults working full-time have little free time, and so may have to purchase more
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5094:
3987:
3799:
3009:
2857:
1795:
980:
4818:
3952:
3845:
3515:
2862:
2508:
2493:
1538:
97:(the tracking of materials from their extraction to their return to earth) and details of the composition of the waste.
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4694:
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2773:
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1513:
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722:
687:
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classification system to minimise waste. Where reuse schemes are available, consumers can be proactive and use them.
351:
of the waste created at the end of a product's life, or the environmental impact of the product's use. (See section
5471:
5192:
4686:
3381:
3210:
2840:
2654:
2545:
2535:
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692:
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are a visible form of re-use, and some stores offer a "bag credit" for re-usable shopping bags, although at least
5134:
4432:
4169:
3559:
3275:
3270:
2974:
2723:
2701:
2659:
2629:
2582:
2465:
2448:
2431:
2407:
2200:
2124:
2097:
1977:
1947:
1578:
1568:
1483:
1333:
1083:
618:
Monitoring the flow of chemicals within the health care facility from receipt as a raw material to disposal as a
181:
17:
922:
5461:
5146:
2679:
2674:
1676:
1553:
1508:
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several times, the resources wasted may be greater than if the bottle had been designed for a single journey..
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5456:
5358:
5139:
4767:
4742:
4047:
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2783:
1573:
1533:
1498:
58:
society. Waste minimisation involves redesigning products and processes and/or changing societal patterns of
403:'s useful life to 15 years instead of 12, can reduce waste and usually much improves resource optimisation.
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5119:
4218:
3967:
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3699:
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2441:
1871:
1866:
1661:
1598:
1588:
168:
2994:
5549:
5539:
5478:
5053:
4323:
3977:
3290:
3203:
2812:
2696:
2453:
1982:
1785:
1755:
1608:
1503:
1493:
1488:
1338:
1156:
1023:
5509:
5489:
5074:
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4751:
4651:
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3982:
3812:
3642:
3442:
3356:
2340:
2279:
1639:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1563:
1543:
1373:
625:
The careful separation of waste matter to help minimise the quantities of hazardous waste and disposal.
587:
Purchasing reductions which ensures the selection of supplies that are less wasteful or less hazardous.
522:. Consumers can influence manufacturers and distributors by avoiding buying products that do not have
491:, the practice of turning kitchen and garden waste into compost can be considered waste minimisation.
5038:
4454:
4412:
4374:
3939:
3733:
3245:
3082:
3034:
2929:
2822:
2706:
2335:
2320:
2053:
1937:
1656:
1583:
1548:
1523:
712:
2989:
526:, which is currently not mandatory, or choosing products that minimise the use of packaging. In the
4945:
4449:
3972:
3913:
3824:
3457:
3366:
3305:
3087:
3042:
2944:
2669:
2485:
2325:
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2038:
2023:
1997:
1913:
866:
156:
5383:
4893:
4811:
4661:
4427:
3957:
3508:
3472:
3462:
3401:
3396:
3341:
3134:
3072:
2475:
2048:
2033:
2018:
1698:
752:
495:
59:
514:
that require little preparation, or prefer disposable nappies if there is a baby in the family.
5423:
5267:
5222:
5079:
4987:
4620:
4010:
3310:
3285:
3077:
2904:
2315:
2043:
2012:
2002:
1927:
1408:
787:
767:
364:
129:
81:
Traditional waste management focuses on processing waste after it is created, concentrating on
880:
5212:
5207:
5114:
5109:
4848:
4835:
4590:
4422:
4298:
4206:
3896:
3789:
3589:
3386:
3300:
2460:
2227:
2194:
2063:
1208:
1188:
717:
682:
503:
460:
291:
205:
43:
Waste hierarchy. Refusing, reducing, reusing, recycling and composting allow to reduce waste.
5418:
5408:
4960:
4932:
4397:
4052:
3748:
3452:
3391:
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3320:
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2426:
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2295:
2285:
2222:
2158:
1972:
1942:
1810:
1558:
1403:
1308:
742:
677:
519:
449:
407:
638:
Frequent ordering of relatively small quantities rather than large quantities at one time.
8:
5368:
5232:
5182:
5129:
5099:
5089:
5084:
5048:
4940:
4843:
4464:
4402:
4369:
4308:
4240:
4105:
4100:
4078:
3652:
3361:
3124:
3117:
3057:
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2345:
2300:
2259:
2189:
1770:
1358:
1278:
1223:
1121:
1108:
1076:
1061:
612:
547:
535:
368:
132:
and often turns out to have positive economic benefits. Waste minimisation can improve:
66:
30:"waste prevention" redirects here. For the prevention of uncontrolled waste dumping, see
5523:
5451:
5441:
5291:
5257:
5202:
5104:
4967:
4853:
4804:
4777:
4738:
4646:
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4459:
4336:
4130:
4002:
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3637:
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3501:
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3421:
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3097:
3092:
3052:
3004:
2768:
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2540:
2168:
2150:
2139:
2103:
2058:
2028:
1840:
1760:
1666:
1455:
1425:
1141:
1008:
757:
667:
591:
543:
139:
practices – waste minimisation can achieve more output of product per unit of input of
5437:
5252:
5242:
5187:
5012:
5002:
4950:
4888:
4666:
4526:
4346:
4255:
4223:
4140:
4093:
4020:
3992:
3761:
3756:
3554:
3240:
3014:
2889:
2835:
2634:
2619:
2215:
2092:
1719:
1649:
1644:
1629:
1420:
1388:
1383:
1363:
1303:
1228:
948:"Common charger: EU ministers give final approval to one-size-fits-all charging port"
832:
702:
294:
even for recycled products and materials), a related goal is prevention of pollution.
187:
5413:
5403:
5287:
5262:
5162:
4982:
4955:
4903:
4878:
4868:
4863:
4610:
4511:
4469:
4437:
4331:
4285:
4245:
4152:
4120:
4088:
4073:
4057:
4032:
3817:
3771:
3482:
3336:
2969:
2964:
2939:
2738:
2711:
2310:
2264:
2231:
2205:
2179:
2129:
2113:
1967:
1962:
1932:
1703:
1634:
1475:
1445:
1435:
1393:
1368:
1348:
1343:
1183:
1151:
1146:
1126:
1100:
992:
802:
782:
762:
630:
511:
201:
146:
101:
74:
2376:
2074:
601:
Preventing the unnecessary wastage of products in nursing and cleaning activities.
5398:
5363:
5307:
5302:
5282:
5043:
4992:
4913:
4883:
4873:
4474:
4384:
4350:
4235:
4189:
4115:
4042:
3962:
3865:
3807:
3662:
3467:
3411:
3102:
3019:
2999:
2979:
2879:
2728:
2330:
2305:
2173:
2163:
1805:
1729:
1465:
1460:
1430:
1328:
1313:
1218:
1213:
1173:
797:
777:
642:
619:
506:. Some people may view it as wasteful to purchase new products solely to follow
316:
312:
235:
162:
90:
5343:
5237:
5217:
5007:
4972:
4787:
4521:
4407:
4364:
4358:
4354:
4199:
4184:
4135:
4125:
4037:
3891:
3647:
3618:
3351:
3129:
3024:
2924:
2852:
2639:
2254:
2236:
2007:
1987:
1952:
1851:
1724:
1398:
1378:
1288:
1248:
1136:
1069:
662:
527:
425:
400:
367:
are optimally designed to meet their intended use. This applies especially to
249:
70:
337:
5533:
5518:
5388:
5378:
5247:
5197:
5058:
5028:
4997:
4908:
4772:
4541:
4442:
4228:
4157:
3929:
3677:
3541:
3477:
3112:
3067:
3047:
2869:
2644:
1992:
1957:
1835:
1790:
1450:
1198:
737:
707:
523:
507:
502:
In a domestic situation, the potential for minimisation is often dictated by
396:
333:
197:
1048:
5348:
5317:
5177:
4562:
4536:
4516:
4340:
4303:
4267:
3903:
3850:
3726:
3682:
3667:
3596:
2805:
2800:
2788:
2748:
2733:
2421:
2355:
2274:
1882:
1734:
1440:
1318:
1298:
1243:
344:
274:
270:
262:
140:
117:
39:
5322:
5272:
5172:
4858:
4499:
4494:
4179:
4174:
4145:
4110:
4083:
3613:
2919:
2874:
2743:
2716:
2290:
1765:
1415:
1253:
1168:
1131:
518:
purchasing decisions allows industry and individuals to change the total
55:
897:
5373:
5327:
5227:
4676:
4293:
3608:
3601:
3584:
3569:
3315:
2984:
1820:
1178:
1163:
807:
697:
672:
562:
488:
448:
Various aspects of business practices affect waste, such as the use of
299:
290:
such, however minimal, can never be prevented (there will always be an
282:
226:
152:
136:
109:
27:
Process that involves reducing the amount of waste produced in society
5297:
4827:
4605:
4557:
4531:
4479:
4313:
4275:
4025:
4015:
3687:
3549:
3524:
3295:
3195:
3107:
2753:
2360:
2083:
1800:
1353:
1092:
792:
747:
732:
551:
531:
477:
86:
50:
is a set of processes and practices intended to reduce the amount of
336:
can most easily be done at the design stage. Reducing the number of
5033:
4923:
4250:
4194:
3855:
3704:
3672:
3255:
1323:
1283:
1203:
539:
421:
348:
307:
590:
The use of physical rather than chemical cleaning methods such as
5353:
4211:
3714:
3692:
3579:
3574:
3280:
2934:
2884:
2184:
1293:
651:
Checking the expiry date of all products at the time of delivery.
648:
Using all the contents of a container containing hazardous waste.
494:
The resources that households use can be reduced considerably by
384:
1263:
4615:
4595:
4489:
4164:
3657:
3376:
2758:
1238:
1193:
727:
464:
417:
113:
82:
867:
ROYAL COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: Urban
Environment
323:
that showcased the idea of minimal living in the modern world.
5393:
5277:
4898:
4625:
4567:
3908:
3840:
3738:
3630:
3250:
1233:
1096:
772:
380:
376:
372:
217:
51:
4796:
3493:
476:
This section details some waste minimisation techniques for
343:
In some cases, it may be best not to minimise the volume of
4600:
3721:
3709:
3625:
1091:
1043:
347:
used to make a product, but instead reduce the volume or
420:
strong enough to withstand several journeys between the
878:
835:. United States Environmental Protection Agency (2012).
105:
5507:
1009:"Waste from Health Care facilities Fact Sheet No 253"
981:
Why a Bag Tax Works Better Than a
Reusable Bag Bonus
2406:
641:Using the oldest batch of a product first to avoid
200:is excess packaging. Eliminating it can result in
1751:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
606:Management and control measures at hospital level
332:Waste minimisation and resource maximisation for
5531:
851:"Waste Management Practices: Literature Review"
4812:
3509:
3211:
2392:
1898:
1077:
1053:
108:, most waste comes from the construction and
1912:
848:
269:This involves making deliveries of incoming
1044:The EU Pre-waste project website, homepage.
974:
358:
4819:
4805:
3516:
3502:
3218:
3204:
2399:
2385:
1905:
1891:
1084:
1070:
844:
842:
833:"Waste-Hazardous Waste-Waste Minimisation"
2910:Environmental issues in the United States
1024:"Waste minimization, recycling and reuse"
455:
317:Joshua Fields Millburn and Ryan Nicodemus
3448:Earth systems engineering and management
2895:Effects of climate change on agriculture
1998:Environmentally healthy community design
557:
38:
4657:Pollutant release and transfer register
1781:High-level radioactive waste management
923:"Waste Prevention | WasteWise | US EPA"
879:Dickinson, J. & Snow, W.K. (2001).
839:
826:
824:
633:of chemical and pharmaceutical products
435:
14:
5532:
3225:
2900:Effects of climate change on livestock
1002:
1000:
881:"The end of waste: Zero Waste by 2020"
65:The most environmentally resourceful,
4800:
3497:
3199:
2380:
1886:
1065:
1052:
993:Removing food remains to reduce waste
319:directed and produced a movie called
5484:
4747:
3988:Electromagnetic radiation and health
3154:
3010:Tropical cyclones and climate change
1796:Sewage regulation and administration
950:(Press release). EU. 24 October 2022
821:
406:But in some cases it has a negative
4763:
4755:
3846:Radium and radon in the environment
3043:Alternative fuel vehicle propulsion
1021:
1006:
997:
24:
3266:Environmental full-cost accounting
2135:waste-water treatment technologies
25:
5561:
2690:pharmaceuticals and personal care
2120:agricultural wastewater treatment
1037:
969:Kroger ends reusable bag discount
723:List of waste management acronyms
688:European Week for Waste Reduction
327:
5517:
5483:
5447:
5446:
5436:
5193:Extended producer responsibility
4922:
4781:
4771:
4762:
4754:
4746:
4734:
4733:
3382:Extended producer responsibility
3165:
3164:
3153:
2841:decline in amphibian populations
2546:Deforestation and climate change
2073:
1846:
1845:
1834:
1776:Extended producer responsibility
1262:
693:Extended producer responsibility
315:in a way by reducing the waste.
3560:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
3276:Environmental management system
3271:Environmental impact assessment
2975:Land surface effects on climate
2432:Environmental impact assessment
2408:Human impact on the environment
2201:List of energy storage projects
2125:industrial wastewater treatment
1978:Environmental impact assessment
1948:Environmental impact assessment
1334:Mechanical biological treatment
1015:
986:
363:In this strategy, products and
352:
182:Environmental impact assessment
962:
940:
915:
890:
872:
860:
13:
1:
5359:Container-deposit legislation
4826:
4048:Electrical resistance heating
3523:
2846:decline in insect populations
983:, Brookings Inst., 8-Jan-2014
814:
471:
390:
175:
3700:Persistent organic pollutant
573:
211:
169:Environmental responsibility
102:vary from country to country
7:
5054:Materials recovery facility
4710:Least polluted cities by PM
3291:Integrated chain management
1983:Environmental impact design
1786:History of waste management
655:
484:container can be recycled.
123:
10:
5566:
4652:Pollution haven hypothesis
4575:Brain health and pollution
3813:Ecological light pollution
3643:Internal combustion engine
3357:Eco-industrial development
2341:High-performance buildings
1374:fluorescent lamp recycling
898:"Films by The Minimalists"
611:Centralized purchasing of
179:
112:of buildings, followed by
100:The main sources of waste
29:
5545:Waste management concepts
5432:
5336:
5155:
5067:
5021:
4931:
4920:
4834:
4731:
4685:
4634:
4583:
4550:
4455:Nonpoint source pollution
4383:
4375:War and environmental law
4322:
4284:
4266:
4066:
4001:
3938:
3864:
3833:
3798:
3782:
3747:
3734:Volatile organic compound
3540:
3531:
3430:
3329:
3233:
3148:
3083:Environmental engineering
3033:
2930:Environmental degradation
2821:
2707:fishing down the food web
2484:
2414:
2336:Heat recovery ventilation
2321:Environmental remediation
2246:
2149:
2082:
2071:
1938:Climate smart agriculture
1920:
1829:
1743:
1712:
1622:
1474:
1271:
1260:
1107:
1059:
1054:Links to related articles
713:Household hazardous waste
443:
321:Minimalism: A Documentary
3914:Marine mammals and sonar
3825:Radio spectrum pollution
3458:Ecological modernization
3367:Ecological modernization
3306:Life-cycle cost analysis
3088:Environmental mitigation
2945:Greenhouse gas emissions
2905:Environmental insecurity
2326:Glass in green buildings
2270:sustainable architecture
1914:Environmental technology
1756:China's waste import ban
416:Making refillable glass
359:Fitting the intended use
157:environmental protection
95:cradle-to-grave analysis
5384:Reverse vending machine
4760:WikiProject Environment
4718:Most polluted countries
4662:Polluter pays principle
4393:Agricultural wastewater
3473:Sustainable development
3463:Environmental economics
3402:Precautionary principle
3397:Polluter pays principle
3342:Cradle-to-cradle design
3135:Sustainable consumption
2476:Social ecology (ethics)
1117:Agricultural wastewater
753:Reusable launch vehicle
130:protect the environment
128:Waste minimisation can
5424:Water recycling shower
5268:Reuse of human excreta
5238:Recycling (ecological)
5223:Material flow analysis
4778:Environment portal
4011:Agricultural pollution
3443:Design for environment
3311:Material flow analysis
3078:Ecological engineering
2858:runaway climate change
2316:Environmental movement
2013:Sustainability science
2003:Public interest design
1928:Appropriate technology
1841:Environment portal
1519:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1409:water recycling shower
788:Sustainable sanitation
768:Reuse of human excreta
645:and unnecessary waste.
456:Reusable shopping bags
399:, such as extending a
238:and process monitoring
67:economically efficient
44:
5213:Interchangeable parts
5208:Industrial metabolism
4433:Industrial wastewater
4299:Clutter (advertising)
4207:Municipal solid waste
4053:Soil guideline values
3897:Sustainable transport
3790:Information pollution
3590:Open burning of waste
3387:Industrial metabolism
3301:Life-cycle assessment
3246:Cost–benefit analysis
2461:List of global issues
2195:hydrogen technologies
2109:Solid waste treatment
1209:Municipal solid waste
1189:Industrial wastewater
971:, WCPO TV, Cincinnati
849:Davidson, G. (2011).
718:Life-cycle assessment
683:Ecological sanitation
596:chemical disinfection
558:Healthcare facilities
334:manufactured products
206:sustainable packaging
42:
5419:Water heat recycling
5409:Waste management law
4705:Most polluted cities
4398:Biological pollution
4309:Overhead power lines
3453:Ecological economics
3392:Industrial symbiosis
3372:Efficient energy use
3321:Stakeholder analysis
3261:Ecological footprint
3063:Community resilience
2863:in the United States
2831:Biodiversity threats
2504:cannabis cultivation
2471:Planetary boundaries
2437:Environmental issues
2427:Ecological footprint
2366:Water heat recycling
2296:Efficient energy use
2286:Conservation biology
2223:Sustainable lighting
2159:Efficient energy use
1973:Environmental Design
1943:Environmental design
1404:water heat recycling
1309:Garden waste dumping
743:Planned obsolescence
678:Ecological economics
520:resource consumption
450:disposable tableware
436:Universal connectors
408:environmental impact
137:Efficient production
5369:Ethical consumerism
5303:Urban lumberjacking
5233:Product stewardship
5183:Eco-industrial park
4768:WikiProject Ecology
4465:Ocean acidification
4370:Unexploded ordnance
4241:Post-consumer waste
4101:Foam food container
4079:Biodegradable waste
3653:Global distillation
3362:Eco-industrial park
3125:Restoration ecology
3058:Climate engineering
2995:Ocean acidification
2985:Loss of green belts
2955:Holocene extinction
2950:Habitat destruction
2625:Environmental crime
2351:Nature conservation
2346:Land rehabilitation
2301:Energy conservation
2190:carbon-neutral fuel
2098:dispersion modeling
1771:Eco-industrial park
1359:appliance recycling
1279:Anaerobic digestion
1224:Post-consumer waste
1122:Biodegradable waste
613:hazardous chemicals
369:packaging materials
163:Quality of products
5550:Industrial ecology
5540:Waste minimisation
5442:Environment portal
5313:Waste minimisation
5258:Reusable packaging
5203:Industrial ecology
4788:Ecology portal
4672:Waste minimisation
4647:Industrial ecology
4642:Cleaner production
4460:Nutrient pollution
4337:Herbicidal warfare
4131:Construction waste
3767:Introduced species
3638:Indoor air quality
3565:Chlorofluorocarbon
3438:Cleaner production
3422:Waste valorization
3417:Waste minimisation
3286:Input–output model
3227:Industrial ecology
3140:Waste minimization
3098:Mitigation banking
3093:Industrial ecology
3053:Cleaner production
3005:Resource depletion
2541:Corporate behavior
2499:animal agriculture
2169:Energy development
2151:Sustainable energy
2140:water purification
2104:Industrial ecology
1816:Waste minimisation
1761:Cleaner production
1426:Reusable packaging
1339:Mechanical sorting
1142:Construction waste
758:Reusable packaging
668:Cleaner production
592:steam disinfection
397:product durability
387:in its packaging.
48:Waste minimisation
45:
5505:
5504:
5499:
5498:
5253:Resource recovery
5243:Refill (campaign)
5188:Ecological design
5168:Dematerialization
4978:Fluorescent lamps
4794:
4793:
4667:Pollution control
4347:Nuclear holocaust
4256:Thermal treatment
4224:Plastic pollution
4141:Mercury poisoning
4094:Battery recycling
3993:Radioactive waste
3762:Genetic pollution
3757:Biological hazard
3555:Air quality index
3491:
3490:
3347:Dematerialization
3241:Agent-based model
3193:
3192:
3015:Water degradation
2890:Ecological crisis
2836:biodiversity loss
2635:Industrialisation
2620:Genetic pollution
2466:Impact assessment
2374:
2373:
2211:commercialization
1880:
1879:
1811:Waste legislation
1720:Sanitation worker
1694:London Convention
1630:Bamako Convention
1421:Resource recovery
1389:textile recycling
1384:plastic recycling
1364:battery recycling
1304:Ecological design
1229:Radioactive waste
703:Green consumption
496:using electricity
220:of scrap material
16:(Redirected from
5557:
5522:
5521:
5513:
5487:
5486:
5450:
5449:
5440:
5414:Waste management
5404:Waste collection
5263:Reuse of bottles
5163:Circular economy
5140:Northern Ireland
4926:
4821:
4814:
4807:
4798:
4797:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4776:
4775:
4766:
4765:
4758:
4757:
4750:
4749:
4737:
4736:
4611:Legacy pollution
4470:Oil exploitation
4332:Chemical warfare
4246:Waste management
4153:Industrial waste
4121:Biomedical waste
4089:Electronic waste
4074:Advertising mail
4058:Phytoremediation
4033:Land degradation
3818:Overillumination
3772:Invasive species
3518:
3511:
3504:
3495:
3494:
3483:Urban metabolism
3337:Circular economy
3220:
3213:
3206:
3197:
3196:
3168:
3167:
3157:
3156:
2990:Phosphorus cycle
2970:Land consumption
2965:Land degradation
2940:Freshwater cycle
2739:Overexploitation
2712:marine pollution
2519:cocoa production
2401:
2394:
2387:
2378:
2377:
2311:Energy recycling
2232:electric vehicle
2206:Renewable energy
2180:alternative fuel
2130:sewage treatment
2114:Waste management
2077:
1968:Energy recycling
1963:Electric vehicle
1933:Clean technology
1907:
1900:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1849:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1704:OSPAR Convention
1635:Basel Convention
1446:Waste collection
1436:Sewage treatment
1394:timber recycling
1369:bottle recycling
1349:Reclaimed lumber
1344:Photodegradation
1266:
1184:Industrial waste
1152:Electronic waste
1147:Demolition waste
1127:Biomedical waste
1101:waste management
1086:
1079:
1072:
1063:
1062:
1050:
1049:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1004:
995:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
959:
957:
955:
944:
938:
937:
935:
933:
919:
913:
912:
910:
908:
894:
888:
887:
885:
876:
870:
864:
858:
857:
855:
846:
837:
836:
828:
803:Waste management
783:Source reduction
763:Reuse of bottles
643:expiration dates
631:Stock management
582:Source reduction
512:convenient foods
452:in restaurants.
202:source reduction
147:Economic returns
75:waste management
62:and production.
21:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5516:
5508:
5506:
5501:
5500:
5495:
5428:
5399:Waste-to-energy
5364:Dumpster diving
5332:
5308:Waste hierarchy
5283:Right to repair
5151:
5120:The Netherlands
5075:Rate by country
5063:
5017:
4927:
4918:
4830:
4825:
4795:
4790:
4782:
4780:
4770:
4727:
4713:
4681:
4630:
4579:
4546:
4485:Pharmaceuticals
4475:Oil exploration
4379:
4351:Nuclear fallout
4318:
4280:
4262:
4236:Packaging waste
4190:Deep sea mining
4116:Hazardous waste
4062:
4043:Open defecation
3997:
3963:Nuclear fallout
3958:Nuclear fission
3934:
3860:
3829:
3800:Electromagnetic
3794:
3778:
3743:
3663:Ozone depletion
3536:
3527:
3522:
3492:
3487:
3468:Green chemistry
3426:
3412:Waste hierarchy
3325:
3229:
3224:
3194:
3189:
3144:
3103:Organic farming
3029:
3020:Water pollution
3000:Ozone depletion
2980:Loss and damage
2880:Desertification
2817:
2729:Overconsumption
2650:cleaning agents
2551:Energy industry
2514:meat production
2480:
2410:
2405:
2375:
2370:
2331:Green computing
2306:Energy recovery
2242:
2174:Energy recovery
2164:Electrification
2145:
2091:Air pollution (
2078:
2069:
1916:
1911:
1881:
1876:
1852:Category: Waste
1833:
1825:
1806:Waste hierarchy
1739:
1730:Waste collector
1708:
1699:Oslo Convention
1618:
1470:
1466:Waste-to-energy
1461:Waste treatment
1431:Right to repair
1329:Landfill mining
1314:Illegal dumping
1267:
1258:
1219:Packaging waste
1214:Open defecation
1174:Hazardous waste
1103:
1090:
1055:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1020:
1016:
1005:
998:
991:
987:
979:
975:
967:
963:
953:
951:
946:
945:
941:
931:
929:
927:archive.epa.gov
921:
920:
916:
906:
904:
902:The Minimalists
896:
895:
891:
883:
877:
873:
865:
861:
853:
847:
840:
831:
829:
822:
817:
812:
798:Waste hierarchy
778:Right to repair
658:
620:hazardous waste
576:
560:
474:
458:
446:
438:
393:
361:
330:
313:climate justice
250:Waste exchanges
236:quality control
214:
184:
178:
126:
91:waste-to-energy
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Waste reduction
15:
12:
11:
5:
5563:
5553:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5527:
5526:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5481:
5476:
5475:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5444:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5344:Bottle cutting
5340:
5338:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5218:Land recycling
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5159:
5157:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5135:United Kingdom
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4953:
4948:
4946:Automotive oil
4943:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4840:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4824:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4801:
4792:
4791:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4702:
4700:Law by country
4697:
4691:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4522:Surface runoff
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4408:Eutrophication
4405:
4400:
4395:
4389:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4365:Scorched earth
4362:
4359:nuclear winter
4355:nuclear famine
4344:
4334:
4328:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4290:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4272:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4200:Uranium mining
4197:
4192:
4187:
4185:Surface mining
4182:
4177:
4167:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4136:Lead poisoning
4133:
4128:
4126:Chemical waste
4123:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4038:Bioremediation
4035:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4007:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3953:Bioremediation
3950:
3944:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3906:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:Transportation
3870:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3804:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3719:
3718:
3717:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3648:Global dimming
3645:
3640:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3619:Diesel exhaust
3611:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3521:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3498:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3434:
3432:
3431:Related fields
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3407:Rebound effect
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3352:Eco-efficiency
3349:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3161:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3130:Sustainability
3127:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3025:Water scarcity
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2960:Nitrogen cycle
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2925:Forest dieback
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2853:Climate change
2850:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2827:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2670:nanotechnology
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2454:on marine life
2446:
2445:
2444:
2442:list of issues
2434:
2429:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2237:hybrid vehicle
2234:
2228:Transportation
2225:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2010:
2008:Sustainability
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1988:Green building
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1953:Eco-innovation
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1887:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1843:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1725:Street sweeper
1722:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1609:United Kingdom
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1399:tire recycling
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1379:land recycling
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1289:Biodegradation
1286:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1249:Surface runoff
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1137:Chemical waste
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1038:External links
1036:
1033:
1032:
1014:
996:
985:
973:
961:
939:
914:
889:
871:
859:
838:
819:
818:
816:
813:
811:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
663:Bottle cutting
659:
657:
654:
653:
652:
649:
646:
639:
627:
626:
623:
616:
603:
602:
599:
588:
575:
572:
559:
556:
534:combines both
508:fashion trends
473:
470:
457:
454:
445:
442:
437:
434:
426:bottling plant
401:vacuum cleaner
392:
389:
360:
357:
329:
328:Product design
326:
325:
324:
303:
302:
296:
295:
286:
285:
279:
278:
266:
265:
258:
257:
253:
252:
246:
245:
240:
239:
231:
230:
222:
221:
213:
210:
177:
174:
173:
172:
166:
160:
150:
144:
125:
122:
71:cost effective
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5562:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5492:
5491:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5473:
5472:organizations
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5434:
5431:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5389:Simple living
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5379:Pallet crafts
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5318:Waste picking
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5248:Repairability
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5198:Green economy
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5148:
5147:United States
5145:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5060:
5059:Waste sorting
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4988:Mobile phones
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4925:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4822:
4817:
4815:
4810:
4808:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4789:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4761:
4753:
4744:
4740:
4730:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4543:
4542:Water quality
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4304:Traffic signs
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4229:Microplastics
4227:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4219:Nanomaterials
4217:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4158:Lead smelting
4156:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3978:Radioactivity
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3930:Noise control
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3773:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3678:Metal working
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3526:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3478:Urban ecology
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3221:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3162:
3160:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3113:Reforestation
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3068:Cultured meat
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3048:Birth control
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2870:Deforestation
2868:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2645:Manufacturing
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2593:nuclear power
2591:
2589:
2588:fracking (US)
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
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2527:
2525:
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2500:
2497:
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2428:
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2419:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2390:
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2379:
2367:
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2329:
2327:
2324:
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2319:
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2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2280:New Classical
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2054:refurbishment
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:Sustainable (
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1993:Green vehicle
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:Ecotechnology
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1885:
1873:
1872:Organizations
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1791:Landfill fire
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
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1752:
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1736:
1733:
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1700:
1697:
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1640:EU directives
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1621:
1615:
1614:United States
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1607:
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1602:
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1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
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1582:
1580:
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1570:
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1522:
1520:
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1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
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1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1451:Waste sorting
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
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1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
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1387:
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1382:
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1377:
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1327:
1325:
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1317:
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1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:Marine debris
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1025:
1018:
1010:
1003:
1001:
994:
989:
982:
977:
970:
965:
949:
943:
928:
924:
918:
903:
899:
893:
882:
875:
868:
863:
852:
845:
843:
834:
827:
825:
820:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
738:Pallet crafts
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
708:Green economy
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
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624:
621:
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609:
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589:
586:
585:
584:
583:
579:
571:
567:
564:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
536:environmental
533:
529:
525:
524:eco-labelling
521:
515:
513:
509:
505:
500:
497:
492:
490:
485:
481:
479:
469:
466:
462:
461:Reusable bags
453:
451:
441:
433:
430:
427:
423:
419:
414:
411:
409:
404:
402:
398:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
356:
354:
350:
346:
345:raw materials
341:
339:
335:
322:
318:
314:
309:
305:
304:
301:
298:
297:
293:
288:
287:
284:
281:
280:
276:
272:
271:raw materials
268:
267:
264:
260:
259:
255:
254:
251:
248:
247:
242:
241:
237:
233:
232:
228:
224:
223:
219:
216:
215:
209:
207:
203:
199:
198:Overpackaging
195:
191:
189:
183:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:raw materials
138:
135:
134:
133:
131:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
98:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
76:
72:
68:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5488:
5349:Cogeneration
5312:
5178:Durable good
4671:
4621:Point source
4563:Heavy metals
4537:Urban runoff
4517:Sulfur water
4495:Septic tanks
4341:Agent Orange
4195:Mining waste
4021:Manure waste
3851:Volcanic ash
3727:Black carbon
3683:Oil refining
3668:Particulates
3597:Construction
3416:
3139:
2806:urban sprawl
2801:Urbanization
2749:Particulates
2734:Overdrafting
2449:Human impact
2422:Anthropocene
2356:Permaculture
2275:New Urbanism
2247:Conservation
2039:food systems
2024:architecture
1815:
1744:Other topics
1735:Waste picker
1662:incineration
1441:Urban mining
1319:Incineration
1299:Durable good
1244:Sharps waste
1204:Mining waste
1022:WHO (2014).
1017:
1007:WHO (2011).
988:
976:
964:
952:. Retrieved
942:
930:. Retrieved
926:
917:
905:. Retrieved
901:
892:
874:
862:
629:
628:
605:
604:
581:
580:
577:
568:
561:
516:
501:
493:
486:
482:
478:householders
475:
459:
447:
439:
431:
415:
412:
405:
394:
362:
342:
331:
320:
275:Fish-booking
263:point of use
244:early stage.
196:
192:
185:
153:Public image
127:
118:supply chain
99:
80:
64:
47:
46:
36:
5524:Environment
5462:by material
5323:Wishcycling
5273:Repurposing
5173:Downcycling
5125:Switzerland
4961:PET bottles
4909:Cooking oil
4894:Refrigerant
4591:Area source
4500:Pit latrine
4423:Groundwater
4180:Gold mining
4175:Coal mining
4146:Toxic waste
4111:Green waste
4084:Brown waste
4067:Solid waste
3614:Exhaust gas
2920:Externality
2915:Coral reefs
2875:Defaunation
2744:Overgrazing
2717:overfishing
2697:Marine life
2571:electricity
2494:Agriculture
2291:Ecoforestry
2049:procurement
2034:development
2019:agriculture
1766:Downcycling
1713:Occupations
1682:waste water
1579:Switzerland
1569:South Korea
1559:New Zealand
1484:Afghanistan
1456:Waste trade
1416:Repurposing
1254:Toxic waste
1234:Scrap metal
1169:Green waste
1132:Brown waste
1109:Major types
594:instead of
292:end-of-life
227:paper mills
60:consumption
56:sustainable
5534:Categories
5467:by product
5457:by country
5374:Freeganism
5354:Composting
5328:Zero waste
5228:Precycling
5049:Collection
5039:Blue boxes
4941:Appliances
4743:by country
4739:Categories
4677:Zero waste
4558:Pollutants
4512:Stagnation
4450:Monitoring
4418:Freshwater
4294:Air travel
4106:Food waste
4026:Pesticides
4016:Herbicides
3920:Industrial
3749:Biological
3609:Demolition
3602:Renovation
3585:Joss paper
3570:Combustion
3316:MET Matrix
3185:mitigation
3180:assessment
3175:by country
3073:Decoupling
3035:Mitigation
2764:Reservoirs
2685:pesticides
2630:Explosives
2608:reservoirs
2509:irrigation
2260:insulation
2253:Building (
2216:transition
2059:technology
2044:industries
1821:Zero waste
1623:Agreements
1554:Kazakhstan
1509:Bangladesh
1294:Composting
1179:Heat waste
1164:Food waste
1157:by country
815:References
808:Zero waste
698:Food waste
673:Eco-action
563:Healthcare
550:packaging
542:packaging
489:composting
472:Households
395:Improving
391:Durability
353:Durability
338:components
300:Minimalism
283:Zero waste
180:See also:
176:Industries
110:demolition
5298:Upcycling
5292:Green Dot
5080:Australia
5068:Countries
5034:Blue bags
5022:Apparatus
4968:Computers
4951:Batteries
4844:Aluminium
4836:Materials
4828:Recycling
4635:Responses
4606:Garbology
4532:Turbidity
4480:Oil spill
4413:Firewater
4314:Vandalism
4276:Satellite
3973:Poisoning
3968:Plutonium
3948:Actinides
3940:Radiation
3688:Wood dust
3550:Acid rain
3525:Pollution
3296:ISO 14000
3108:Recycling
2774:Transport
2759:Quarrying
2754:Pollution
2613:transport
2603:petroleum
2598:oil shale
2561:biodiesel
2361:Recycling
2084:Pollution
2064:transport
1801:Upcycling
1667:landfills
1657:framework
1650:Recycling
1645:batteries
1574:Sri Lanka
1534:Hong Kong
1499:Australia
1476:Countries
1354:Recycling
1272:Processes
1093:Biosolids
793:Upcycling
748:Recycling
733:Miniwaste
574:Practices
552:recycling
532:PullApart
504:lifestyle
465:one chain
234:Improved
212:Processes
104:. In the
87:recycling
32:Pollution
5452:Category
5337:See also
5156:Concepts
5115:Mongolia
5110:Malaysia
5013:Vehicles
5003:Textiles
4933:Products
4854:Concrete
4723:Treaties
4695:Diseases
4507:Shipping
4403:Diseases
4251:Landfill
3926:Abstract
3923:Military
3856:Wildfire
3705:Smelting
3673:Asbestos
3330:Concepts
3256:Ecolabel
3170:Category
2794:shipping
2779:aviation
2665:plastics
2655:concrete
2640:Land use
2556:biofuels
2524:palm oil
1862:Journals
1677:vehicles
1599:Thailand
1589:Tanzania
1324:Landfill
1284:Balefill
954:27 April
656:See also
548:curbside
540:consumer
424:and the
422:consumer
385:plastics
365:packages
349:toxicity
308:landfill
261:Ship to
188:industry
124:Benefits
5490:Commons
5095:Ireland
4956:Bottles
4889:Plastic
4849:Asphalt
4752:Commons
4527:Thermal
4428:Hypoxia
4212:Garbage
3983:Uranium
3834:Natural
3783:Digital
3715:Aerosol
3693:Welding
3580:Biomass
3575:Biofuel
3534:History
3281:EIO-LCA
3159:Commons
2935:Erosion
2885:Ecocide
2823:Effects
2769:Tourism
2702:fishing
2660:fashion
2583:fashion
2536:Bitcoin
2415:General
2265:natural
2185:biofuel
2118:Water (
2093:control
1921:General
1529:Georgia
1504:Belgium
1494:Armenia
1489:Albania
932:14 June
907:9 April
546:, in a
544:surveys
418:bottles
89:, and
5510:Portal
5288:Symbol
5130:Taiwan
5100:Israel
5090:Canada
5085:Brazil
4983:Lumber
4904:Timber
4879:Gypsum
4869:Energy
4864:Cotton
4859:Copper
4616:Midden
4596:Debris
4551:Topics
4490:Sewage
4443:debris
4438:Marine
4286:Visual
4170:Mining
4165:Litter
3658:Mining
3377:Exergy
3163:
3152:
2724:Mining
2578:energy
2486:Causes
2178:Fuel (
2029:design
1850:
1604:Turkey
1594:Taiwan
1564:Russia
1544:Israel
1514:Brazil
1239:Sewage
1194:Litter
1099:, and
728:Litter
444:Retail
377:metals
114:mining
83:re-use
69:, and
5479:Index
5394:Waste
5278:Reuse
5105:Japan
5044:Codes
5008:Tires
4998:Ships
4993:Paint
4973:Drugs
4914:Water
4899:Scrap
4884:Paper
4874:Glass
4687:Lists
4626:Waste
4568:Paint
4385:Water
4268:Space
3909:Sonar
3904:Urban
3882:Water
3866:Noise
3841:Ozone
3808:Light
3739:Waste
3631:Smoke
3251:DPSIR
3234:Tools
3118:urban
2789:roads
2680:paper
2675:paint
2255:green
1867:Lists
1857:Index
1584:Syria
1549:Japan
1539:India
1524:Egypt
1097:waste
1027:(PDF)
884:(PDF)
854:(PDF)
773:Reuse
487:Home
381:glass
373:paper
218:Reuse
52:waste
5029:Bins
4601:Dust
4584:Misc
4003:Soil
3892:Rail
3878:Land
3722:Soot
3710:Smog
3626:Haze
2784:rail
2566:coal
2529:(US)
1687:WEEE
1672:RoHS
956:2023
934:2019
909:2019
869:2007
538:and
383:and
4712:2.5
4324:War
3887:Air
3542:Air
2813:War
355:).
186:In
5536::
4745:)
4357:-
4353:-
1095:,
999:^
925:.
900:.
841:^
823:^
530:,
528:UK
480:.
379:,
375:,
277:).
208:.
106:UK
85:,
5512::
5294:)
5290:(
4820:e
4813:t
4806:v
4741:(
4361:)
4349:(
4343:)
4339:(
3517:e
3510:t
3503:v
3219:e
3212:t
3205:v
2400:e
2393:t
2386:v
2282:)
2239:)
2230:(
2197:)
2142:)
2100:)
2066:)
1906:e
1899:t
1892:v
1085:e
1078:t
1071:v
1029:.
1011:.
958:.
936:.
911:.
886:.
856:.
830:.
622:.
615:.
598:.
159:.
143:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
