434:) and early concepts of special education. However, though he never supported forced sterilization, Fernald was an important figure in the eugenics movement, advocating for the segregation of mentally disabled children from society and coining the term “Defective Delinquent” to describe criminally-inclined mentally disabled children. It wasn’t until the end of his life that he had a reversal of many of these ideas, fighting against the segregation of most mentally disabled children, rejecting IQ tests, and supporting community education and out-patient clinics. However, by this time, many of his ideas about forced segregation and mass institutionalization had already entered the American mainstream. The school was renamed in his honor in 1925, following his death the previous year.
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community services or other state-operated programs. In 2014 the land was purchased by the city of
Waltham in two parcels, 139 acres for $ 2.7 million paid out of Community Preservation Act funds, and 40 acres for $ 800,000 of city funds. The CPA section may only be used for open space, recreation, or historic preservation. The 40 acre portion has no restrictions for future use. There was a period of discussion about building a new high school for Waltham on a section of the site, but eventually the proposal was discarded due to difficult topography, potential soil contamination, and a denial of approval from the Massachusetts Historical Commission related to the demolition of certain buildings on the site.
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Fernald residents. The administration's cost claims have been disputed by the
Fernald League for the Retarded, Inc., the Massachusetts Coalition of Families and Advocates for the Retarded, Inc. (COFAR) and other family-based organizations, which have continued to advocate for the preservation of Fernald as a site for ICF/MR-level care for its current residents. Those advocacy organizations proposed a "postage-stamp" plan under which Fernald would be scaled back in size and the remaining portion of the campus sold for development. The Patrick administration, however, declined to negotiate with those Fernald advocates, and pressed ahead with its appeal and closure plans.
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that any of the children who were used as subjects were harmed as a consequence. These studies remain morally troubling, however, for several reasons. First, although parents or guardians were asked for their permission to have their children involved in the research, the available evidence suggests that the information provided was, at best, incomplete. Second, there is the question of the fairness of selecting institutionalized children at all, children whose life circumstances were by any standard already heavily burdened.
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Waltham City
Council meeting in December 2023, members approved a $ 9.5 million loan authorization for the project. As of early 2024 construction on the project has begun with no completion date announced. Many residents have opposed the plan for its lack of transparency and for its perceived offensiveness to the disabled community.
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In 2022, an "amusement park" was approved by the City
Council for the Fernald, complete with an electric train, mini golf, open green space, tennis and pickleball courts, a massive athletic complex, eight parking lots, an amphitheater, and a universal playground for children with disabilities. At a
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announced in 2003 that the facility would be closed and the land sold by 2007. In 2003, a coalition of family advocates and state employee unions began a campaign to save
Fernald and asked Judge Tauro to resume his oversight of the "Ricci v. Okin" class action lawsuit that had led to improvements at
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In 1946, one study exposed seventeen subjects to radioactive iron. The second study, which involved a series of seventeen related subexperiments, exposed fifty-seven subjects to radioactive calcium between 1950 and 1953. It is clear that the doses involved were low and that it is extremely unlikely
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The buildings and grounds survived into the 2000s as a center for mentally disabled adults, operated by the
Massachusetts Department of Mental Retardation. In 2001, 320 adults resided at Fernald, with ages ranging from 27 to 96 years and an average age of 47 years. According to a December 13, 2004
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In
December 2021, the Waltham Recreation Department held an online meeting to collect public input for potential recreational development on the Fernald property. While many suggestions were made around walking paths, gardens, and other passive recreation facilities, the majority of the meeting
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appealed Tauro's ruling to the First
Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals in Boston. In a statement, the Patrick administration contended that Fernald had become too expensive to continue to operate and that equal or better care could be provided in private, community-based settings for the remaining
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The
Fernald Center's last resident was discharged on Thursday, November 13, 2014, after a protracted legal and political battle which cost the Commonwealth of Massachusetts over $ 40 million in additional costs over the projected closure date of 2010. Remaining residents were integrated into
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In an August 14, 2007 ruling, Judge Tauro ordered the
Department of Mental Retardation to consider the individual wishes of all 185 institution residents before closing the facility. However, in September 2007, the new administration of Governor
677:. Soon after the article's publication, the state removed the documents from the campus and admitted wrong-doing. The Civil Rights Division of the Department of Health and Human Services has formally launched an investigation. In April 2024,
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and doctors and politicians from across the country and the world would travel to Waltham to study the methods employed at the center. Fernald was instrumental in the establishment of the first independent farm colony for the disabled
414:. The school gradually moved to a new permanent location in Waltham between 1888 and 1891. It eventually encompassed 72 buildings across 196 acres (0.79 km). At its peak, the school confined some 2,500 people, most of them "
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School., Walter E. Fernald State. “Annual Report of the Trustees of the Walter E. Fernald State School at Waltham for the Year Ending November 30, 1925.” DSpace Home, Walter E. Fernald State School, 1 Jan. 1926,
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Molly Cole, who directs the disabilities council, pointed to an institution in Massachusetts, the Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center, that was finally shut by the Bay State last month.
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As of June 2013, Fernald remained open with 13 residents living on grounds, the oldest of whom was 84 years old and a resident since the age of 19. It was reported to cost approximately
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describing how, despite knowledge by the City of Waltham and the state, thousands of confidential patient records were left on the campus after its closure. This was in violation of
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AFTER-CARE STUDY OF THE PATIENTS DIS- CHARGED FROM WAVERLEY FOR A PERIOD OF TWENTY-FIVE YEARS By WALTER E. FERNALD, M.D. Reprinted from UNGRaDeD, Vol. V, No. &, November, 1919.
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It is clear that the doses involved were low and that it is extremely unlikely that any of the children who were used as subjects were harmed as a consequence.
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reported that in addition the Massachusetts State Police left decades’ worth of confidential case files at the school for years, removing them in 2017.
382:. Under its third superintendent, Walter Fernald, it became a model for state institutions for the developmentally disabled. It later was the scene of
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in 1994. Fernald was the subject of a 2005 documentary film "Front Wards, Back Wards" directed by W.C. Rogers, which has been shown on some
565:. A 1995 class-action suit resulted in a 1998 District court decision awarding the victims a $ 1.85 million settlement from MIT and Quaker.
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The Fernald Center, originally called the Experimental School for Teaching and Training Idiotic Children, was founded in Boston by reformer
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In May 2017 and 2018, the Waltham Lions Club held a fundraising carnival on the grounds with rides, games, prizes, a petting zoo and food.
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1989:
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The institution did serve a large population of children with cognitive disabilities (referred to as "mentally retarded children"), but
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483:. Part of the study involved adding radioactive iron and calcium into oatmeal and milk, then feeding the mixture to Fernald students.
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2007:
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AN OUT-PATIENT CLINIC IN CONNECTION WITH A STATE INSTITUTION FOR THE FEEBLE-MINDED.* BY WALTER E. FERNALD, M. D., WAVERLEY, Mass.
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A significant portion of the Waltham campus, encompassing its facilities established through Fernald's tenure, was listed on the
212:
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1956:
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737:, a similar state institution that existed from 1922 to 1992 and was built to alleviate overcrowding at Wrentham and Fernald.
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In November/December 2020 and 2021, the site became the home of the Greater Boston Lights Show, a fundraiser for the Waltham
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in the normal range. In the 20th century, living conditions were spartan or worse; approximately 36 children slept in each
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1,000,000 per client per year, or about four times the United States national average for a state-supported institution.
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In January 2024, Oliver Egger, a journalist and great-great-grandson of Walter Fernald, wrote an investigative piece in
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in the 20th century. Investigations into this research led to new regulations regarding human research in children.
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1673:"State Police left decades' worth of confidential case files at old Fernald school in Waltham - the Boston Globe"
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The boys were encouraged to join a "Science Club", which offered larger portions of food, parties, and trips to
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Fernald, Walter E. “The Imbecile with Criminal Instincts.” American Medico-Psychological Association, May 1908.
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chapter. The decision to host a holiday lights display at this location angered disability rights advocates.
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72:
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Ansberry, Clare (June 29–30, 2013). "At Nation's Oldest Institution For the Disabled, 13 Lives in Limbo".
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425:, Walter E. Fernald (1859–1924), the school was viewed as a model educational facility in the field of
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1167:"Radioisotope study of thyroid function in 21 mongoloid subjects, including observations in 7 parents"
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focused on the need to honor and respect the history of Fernald and the treatment of the residents.
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and their parents. This study showed that their iodine metabolism was similar to normal controls.
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812:
1659:"Feds launch civil rights investigation into patient privacy breach at abandoned Fernald School"
957:"Studies in calcium metabolism. the fate of intravenously injected radiocalcium in human beings"
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MIT Professor of Nutrition Robert S. Harris led the experiment, which studied the absorption of
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1946:
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It has been claimed that the highest dose of radiation that any subject was exposed to was 330
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In another study, 17 subjects received iron supplement shots containing radioisotopes of iron.
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2017:
731:, Massachusetts' last remaining large scale institution for developmentally disabled people
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Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
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1905:
1281:"Opposing Sides Clash As Debate Resumes Over Closing Southbury Training School"
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Radiation levels in stool and blood samples would serve as dependent variables.
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On Thursday, November 13, 2014, Fernald Developmental School closed its doors.
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1621:"The shameful afterlife of the Fernald School in Waltham - the Boston Globe"
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The experiment was conducted in part by a research fellow sponsored by the
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1411:"Waltham officials grapple with challenges of Fernald as high school site"
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The school occupies a 186 acres (75 ha) property off Trapelo Road in
1228:
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1007:"OT-19. Radioisotope Studies at the Fernald State School, Massachusetts"
718:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Waltham, Massachusetts
655:
1504:
974:
714:, another state facility originally established under Fernald's tenure
2087:
1607:"'Amusement park' plan for Waltham's Fernald draws criticism, praise"
1556:"Virtual Public Input Meeting regarding Fernald Property | walthamma"
1505:"Greater Boston Light Show, Waltham, MA - 200 Trapelo Rd. Waltham MA"
448:
1725:
Closure of Tufts dental clinic leaves disabled patients without care
1641:"HIPAA Breach Notification: The Former Fernald Developmental Center"
512:-enriched milk for breakfast. In order to track absorption, several
459:
The Fernald School was the site of the 1946–53 joint experiments by
1530:"In Waltham, A Holiday Light Show For Charity Stirs Up Controversy"
554:
725:, the state hospital located across the street at 475 Trapelo Road
1065:"The effect of phytate and other food factors on iron absorption"
755:
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516:
509:
487:
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KURLAND GS, FISHMAN J, HAMOLSKY MW, FREEDBERG AS (April 1957).
1164:
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Fernald and the other state facilities beginning in the 1970s.
584:
This situation changed in the 1970s, when a class action suit,
562:
3362:
National Register of Historic Places in Waltham, Massachusetts
325:
Greek Revival, Queen Anne, Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals
271:
246:
955:
BRONNER F, HARRIS RS, MALETSKOS CJ, BENDA CE (January 1956).
674:
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room. There were also reports of physical and sexual abuse.
1136:"MIT to pay $ 1.85 million in Fernald radiation settlement"
1034:"A Spoonful of Sugar Helps the Radioactive Oatmeal Go Down"
954:
505:
491:
2804:
U.S. National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
528:
Neither the children nor their parents ever gave adequate
443:
estimates that upwards of half of the inmates tested with
378:'s oldest publicly funded institution serving people with
629:
1429:"State commission urges city to avoid school at Fernald"
1062:
454:
1063:
SHARPE LM, PEACOCK WC, COOKE R, HARRIS RS (July 1950).
444:
1207:"MACRIS inventory record for Walter E. Fernald School"
3357:
Historic districts in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
1392:"Bill allows Waltham to buy Fernald site for $ 3.7m"
1172:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
688:
467:
that exposed young male children to tracer doses of
2833:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
1342:"Fernald Closes Doors after 126 years of Operation"
335:
Massachusetts State Hospitals And State Schools MPS
3372:Buildings and structures in Waltham, Massachusetts
2330:VA Central Western Massachusetts Healthcare System
1967:VA Central Western Massachusetts Healthcare System
1924:VA Central Western Massachusetts Healthcare System
1832:VA Central Western Massachusetts Healthcare System
916:http://archives.lib.state.ma.us/handle/2452/782009
538:Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments
3338:
1031:
3314:National Register of Historic Places portal
1710:Excerpts from the writings of Walter E. Fernald
1579:
1454:"Waltham Lions Family Carnival Roars Into Town"
1032:Magazine, Smithsonian; Boissoneault, Lorraine.
1730:History of the Fernald Center, City of Waltham
805:
803:
801:
410:in 1848 with a $ 2,500 appropriation from the
43:Massachusetts Department of Mental Retardation
2788:
1750:
1309:
858:"Letters and Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe"
3352:Hospitals in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
1158:
948:
930:"Apology sought for abuse at Fernald School"
196:Walter E. Fernald State School, Waltham, MA.
3392:Tuberculosis sanatoria in the United States
3347:Human subject research in the United States
2692:New England Hospital for Women and Children
1990:Northampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center
1764:
1278:
1142:. Vol. 11, no. 65. Archived from
798:
723:Metropolitan State Hospital (Massachusetts)
568:The school also participated in studies of
519:tracers were given orally or intravenously.
2795:
2781:
1799:Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Cape Cod
1757:
1743:
1107:"Chapter 7: The Studies at Fernald School"
707:Human experimentation in the United States
224:
2441:Benjamin Stickney Cable Memorial Hospital
1720:Fernald through the years (photo gallery)
1480:"Waltham Lions Club Carnival | walthamma"
1384:
1367:"Waltham closes deal on Fernald purchase"
1312:"Closing of Fernald Developmental Center"
1082:
982:
557:, the equivalent of less than one year's
204:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
3377:Queen Anne architecture in Massachusetts
828:"Fernald State School - Asylum Projects"
809:
544:in 1994, reported on these experiments:
532:for participation in a scientific study.
32:Hospital in Massachusetts, United States
2147:Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital-Plymouth
2008:Bedford Veterans Affairs Medical Center
1699:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004.
1133:
927:
597:
14:
3387:Psychiatric hospitals in Massachusetts
3339:
2677:Dimock Community Health Center Complex
2569:Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center
2362:551st United States Air Force Hospital
2335:Worcester Recovery Center and Hospital
1509:Greater Boston Light Show, Waltham, MA
1129:
1127:
756:"National Register Information System"
372:Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center
38:Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center
2776:
2657:Boston Emergency and General Hospital
2195:Brigham and Women's Faulkner Hospital
1957:Providence Behavioral Health Hospital
1738:
962:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
455:Nuclear medicine research in children
3402:1888 establishments in Massachusetts
3382:Hospital buildings completed in 1888
2180:Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
1580:ClockerResident (December 8, 2021).
1199:
1134:Hussain, Zareena (January 7, 1998).
1056:
761:National Register of Historic Places
626:National Register of Historic Places
471:. Documents obtained in 1994 by the
27:Historical hospital in Massachusetts
2028:Lahey Hospital & Medical Center
1310:Ralph Edwards (November 19, 2014).
1124:
780:"The Walter E. Fernald Association"
748:
24:
2682:Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital
1855:Morton Hospital and Medical Center
1689:
1408:
928:Johnson, Glen (October 12, 2009).
542:United States Department of Energy
473:United States Department of Energy
25:
3413:
2250:Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital
1703:
646:
579:
3367:Special schools in Massachusetts
3319:
3307:
3297:
3296:
2851:
2503:Westover Air Force Base Hospital
1279:Josh Kovner (December 3, 2014).
1255:"Front Wards, Back Wards | ITVS"
691:
475:revealed the following details:
401:
270:
263:
245:
238:
2303:Milford Regional Medical Center
1665:
1651:
1633:
1613:
1599:
1573:
1548:
1522:
1497:
1472:
1446:
1421:
1402:
1359:
1334:
1303:
1272:
1247:
1221:
1209:. Commonwealth of Massachusetts
1099:
1025:
999:
921:
412:Massachusetts State Legislature
2738:Templeton Developmental Center
2728:Rutland Heights State Hospital
2519:Boston Regional Medical Center
2425:Penikese Island Leper Hospital
2399:Lovering Colony State Hospital
2288:Federal Medical Center, Devens
2245:St. Elizabeth's Medical Center
2235:Massachusetts General Hospital
2210:Floating Hospital for Children
907:
898:
889:
880:
850:
820:
772:
712:Templeton Developmental Center
368:Walter E. Fernald State School
341:
151:Walter E. Fernald State School
18:Walter E. Fernald State School
13:
1:
2564:Nashoba Valley Medical Center
2544:Lovell General Hospital South
2539:Lovell General Hospital North
2383:North Adams Regional Hospital
741:
279:Show map of the United States
2733:State Reform School for Boys
2662:Boston Psychopathic Hospital
2652:Boston Consumptives Hospital
2621:Cranberry Specialty Hospital
2534:Lovell General Hospital East
2446:Children's Island Sanitarium
2240:New England Baptist Hospital
2205:Dana–Farber Cancer Institute
2200:Brigham and Women's Hospital
7:
3277:National Historic Landmarks
2549:Metropolitan State Hospital
2524:Community Memorial Hospital
2477:Monson Developmental Center
2260:VA Boston Healthcare System
2162:VA Boston Healthcare System
1346:myemail.constantcontact.com
1233:Georgia Public Broadcasting
684:
10:
3418:
3272:Cape Cod National Seashore
2743:Westborough State Hospital
2595:New England Sinai Hospital
2498:Northampton State Hospital
2404:Paul A. Dever State School
2367:Barnstable County Hospital
2325:UMass Memorial Health Care
2185:Boston Children's Hospital
2152:Bridgewater State Hospital
2096:Nantucket Cottage Hospital
1883:Martha's Vineyard Hospital
572:function in patients with
396:
380:developmental disabilities
181:Hospitals in Massachusetts
3292:
3259:
3212:
3184:
3158:
3062:
3046:
3000:
2974:
2953:
2946:
2860:
2849:
2810:
2753:Worcester County Hospital
2700:
2634:
2613:
2585:Foxborough State Hospital
2577:
2554:Middlesex County Hospital
2529:Gaebler Children's Center
2511:
2485:
2469:
2433:
2417:
2391:
2375:
2354:
2347:
2268:
2230:Massachusetts Eye and Ear
2170:
2137:
2104:
2086:
2058:Newton-Wellesley Hospital
2043:MelroseWakefield Hospital
1998:
1985:Cooley Dickinson Hospital
1975:
1962:Soldiers' Home in Holyoke
1932:
1914:
1901:Lawrence General Hospital
1891:
1873:
1840:
1807:
1779:
1772:
1229:"Front Wards, Back Wards"
816:(paper). pp. A1, A6.
607:, Massachusetts Governor
360:
352:
340:NRHP reference
339:
329:
321:
307:
299:
288:
254:Show map of Massachusetts
232:
223:
219:
210:
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147:
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132:
127:
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37:
3326:United States portal
2758:Worcester State Hospital
2600:Pondville State Hospital
2493:Belchertown State School
2298:Jewish Healthcare Center
2225:Lemuel Shattuck Hospital
2048:MetroWest Medical Center
1822:Berkshire Medical Center
1697:The State Boys Rebellion
1070:The Journal of Nutrition
862:www.disabilitymuseum.org
735:Belchertown State School
504:The 57 club members ate
322:Architectural style
2748:Worcester City Hospital
2590:Medfield State Hospital
2461:Saugus General Hospital
2283:Athol Memorial Hospital
2033:Lowell General Hospital
1766:Massachusetts hospitals
813:The Wall Street Journal
2823:Keeper of the Register
2718:Grafton State Hospital
2713:Gardner State Hospital
2451:Danvers State Hospital
2313:Saint Vincent Hospital
2220:Joslin Diabetes Center
1947:Holyoke Medical Center
1865:Taunton State Hospital
1850:Arbour-Fuller Hospital
1560:www.city.waltham.ma.us
1484:www.city.waltham.ma.us
934:The Daily News Tribune
864:. 1909. Archived from
832:www.asylumprojects.org
551:
508:-enriched cereals and
391:Waltham, Massachusetts
294:Waltham, Massachusetts
213:U.S. Historic district
2838:National Park Service
2818:Contributing property
2723:Lyman School for Boys
2708:Dale General Hospital
2687:Naval Hospital Boston
2667:Boston State Hospital
2605:Quincy Medical Center
2215:Franciscan Children's
2190:Boston Medical Center
2129:Wrentham State School
2063:Saints Medical Center
2053:Mount Auburn Hospital
1715:In the swim of things
1185:10.1210/jcem-17-4-552
936:. Gatehouse Media Inc
766:National Park Service
729:Wrentham State School
632:television stations.
546:
95:42.39111°N 71.21056°W
2647:Boston City Hospital
2642:Adams-Nervine Asylum
2559:Murphy Army Hospital
2255:Tufts Medical Center
2124:South Shore Hospital
2018:CHA Everett Hospital
1952:Mercy Medical Center
1695:D'Antonio, Michael.
1415:Wicked Local Waltham
1038:Smithsonian Magazine
868:on February 28, 2023
699:United States portal
598:Twenty-first century
559:background radiation
469:radioactive isotopes
432:The Templeton Colony
134:Emergency department
2078:Winchester Hospital
2068:Somerville Hospital
1860:St. Luke's Hospital
1817:Austen Riggs Center
1536:. November 19, 2020
1117:on August 2, 2010.
1084:10.1093/jn/41.3.433
786:on January 17, 2010
540:, reporting to the
481:Quaker Oats Company
408:Samuel Gridley Howe
384:medical experiments
122:Government hospital
100:42.39111; -71.21056
91: /
2626:Lakeville Hospital
2409:Truesdale Hospital
2293:Hahnemann Hospital
2073:Tewksbury Hospital
2013:Cambridge Hospital
1044:on August 17, 2024
592:Joseph Louis Tauro
461:Harvard University
427:mental retardation
376:Western hemisphere
312:William G. Preston
3334:
3333:
3255:
3254:
2954:Barnstable County
2828:Historic district
2770:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2355:Barnstable County
2343:
2342:
2308:Memorial Hospital
2157:Brockton Hospital
1827:Fairview Hospital
1794:Falmouth Hospital
1789:Cape Cod Hospital
1781:Barnstable County
1647:. March 11, 2024.
1458:Waltham, MA Patch
1409:Patkin, Abigail.
1398:. August 6, 2014.
975:10.1172/JCI103254
768:. March 13, 2009.
364:
363:
292:200 Trapelo Rd.,
16:(Redirected from
3409:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3300:
3299:
3213:Worcester County
3063:Middlesex County
2951:
2950:
2855:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2701:Worcester County
2512:Middlesex County
2486:Hampshire County
2376:Berkshire County
2352:
2351:
2270:Worcester County
2119:Norwood Hospital
2088:Nantucket County
2023:Emerson Hospital
2000:Middlesex County
1977:Hampshire County
1809:Berkshire County
1777:
1776:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1683:
1682:
1678:The Boston Globe
1669:
1663:
1662:
1661:. April 4, 2024.
1655:
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1637:
1631:
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1626:The Boston Globe
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1396:The Boston Globe
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1286:Hartford Courant
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1235:. April 28, 2009
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1219:
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1197:
1196:
1162:
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1146:on June 21, 2009
1131:
1122:
1121:
1113:. Archived from
1103:
1097:
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1086:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1040:. Archived from
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1013:on June 23, 2024
1009:. Archived from
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997:
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843:
834:. Archived from
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795:
793:
791:
782:. Archived from
776:
770:
769:
752:
701:
696:
695:
694:
671:The Boston Globe
530:informed consent
440:The Boston Globe
421:Under its third
356:January 21, 1994
343:
316:Clarence P. Hoyt
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2996:
2970:
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2861:Lists by county
2856:
2847:
2806:
2801:
2771:
2762:
2696:
2672:Carney Hospital
2630:
2614:Plymouth County
2609:
2573:
2507:
2481:
2465:
2429:
2413:
2387:
2371:
2339:
2278:Adcare Hospital
2264:
2166:
2139:Plymouth County
2133:
2114:Milton Hospital
2100:
2082:
2038:McLean Hospital
1994:
1971:
1942:Baystate Health
1928:
1916:Franklin County
1910:
1887:
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1690:Further reading
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1582:"Fernald Reuse"
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953:
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903:
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871:
869:
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855:
851:
841:
839:
838:on July 8, 2024
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697:
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690:
687:
649:
603:article in the
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582:
501:baseball games.
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404:
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67:, United States
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3415:
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3394:
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3205:
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3199:
3188:
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3185:Suffolk County
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3162:
3160:
3159:Norfolk County
3156:
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3142:
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3127:
3122:
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3082:
3077:
3072:
3066:
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3059:
3057:
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3050:
3048:
3047:Hampden County
3044:
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3041:
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3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2975:Bristol County
2972:
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2843:Property types
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2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
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2654:
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2644:
2638:
2636:
2635:Suffolk County
2632:
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2629:
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2623:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2578:Norfolk County
2575:
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2572:
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2566:
2561:
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2505:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2470:Hampden County
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2456:Essex Hospital
2453:
2448:
2443:
2437:
2435:
2431:
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2427:
2421:
2419:
2415:
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2411:
2406:
2401:
2395:
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2392:Bristol County
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2222:
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2192:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2172:Suffolk County
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
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2110:
2108:
2106:Norfolk County
2102:
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2075:
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1987:
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1934:Hampden County
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1906:Salem Hospital
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1842:Bristol County
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1704:External links
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1460:. May 16, 2017
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647:Current status
645:
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580:Reform lawsuit
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499:Boston Red Sox
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423:superintendent
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2432:
2426:
2423:
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2416:
2410:
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2400:
2397:
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2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2316:
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2311:
2309:
2306:
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2301:
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2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
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2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
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2213:
2211:
2208:
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2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
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1878:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1863:
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1853:
1851:
1848:
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1843:
1839:
1833:
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1825:
1823:
1820:
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1812:
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1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1660:
1654:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1616:
1608:
1602:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1330:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1288:
1287:
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1275:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1208:
1202:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1179:(4): 552–60.
1178:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1161:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1077:(3): 433–46.
1076:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1059:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1012:
1008:
1002:
994:
990:
985:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
963:
958:
951:
935:
931:
924:
917:
910:
901:
892:
883:
867:
863:
859:
853:
837:
833:
829:
823:
815:
814:
806:
804:
802:
785:
781:
775:
767:
763:
762:
757:
751:
747:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
719:
716:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
700:
689:
682:
680:
676:
672:
667:
663:
659:
657:
652:
644:
640:
638:
633:
631:
627:
622:
619:
618:Deval Patrick
613:
610:
606:
595:
593:
589:
588:
587:Ricci v. Okin
577:
575:
574:Down Syndrome
571:
566:
564:
560:
556:
550:
545:
543:
539:
531:
527:
524:
521:
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515:
511:
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496:
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489:
485:
482:
478:
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470:
466:
462:
452:
450:
446:
442:
441:
435:
433:
428:
424:
419:
417:
416:feeble-minded
413:
409:
402:Early history
394:
392:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
359:
355:
353:Added to NRHP
351:
348:
345:
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
317:
313:
310:
306:
302:
298:
295:
291:
287:
266:
241:
231:
227:
222:
218:
214:
209:
205:
200:
193:
189:
185:
182:
179:
175:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
141:
137:
135:
131:
126:
123:
120:
118:
114:
109:
104:
76:
74:
70:
66:
65:Massachusetts
62:
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:
36:
30:
19:
3245:southwestern
3240:northwestern
3001:Essex County
2568:
2434:Essex County
2418:Dukes County
1893:Essex County
1875:Dukes County
1696:
1676:
1667:
1653:
1645:www.mass.gov
1644:
1635:
1624:
1615:
1601:
1591:December 23,
1589:. Retrieved
1585:
1575:
1565:December 23,
1563:. Retrieved
1559:
1550:
1540:December 19,
1538:. Retrieved
1533:
1524:
1514:December 19,
1512:. Retrieved
1508:
1499:
1489:December 23,
1487:. Retrieved
1483:
1474:
1464:December 23,
1462:. Retrieved
1457:
1448:
1438:December 23,
1436:. Retrieved
1433:Wicked Local
1432:
1423:
1414:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1376:December 23,
1374:. Retrieved
1371:Wicked Local
1370:
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1345:
1336:
1328:
1321:. Retrieved
1315:
1305:
1297:
1290:. Retrieved
1284:
1274:
1262:. Retrieved
1258:
1249:
1237:. Retrieved
1232:
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1201:
1176:
1170:
1160:
1148:. Retrieved
1144:the original
1139:
1118:
1115:the original
1111:ACHRE Report
1110:
1101:
1074:
1068:
1058:
1046:. Retrieved
1042:the original
1037:
1027:
1015:. Retrieved
1011:the original
1001:
969:(1): 78–88.
966:
960:
950:
938:. Retrieved
933:
923:
909:
900:
891:
882:
870:. Retrieved
866:the original
861:
852:
840:. Retrieved
836:the original
831:
822:
811:
788:. Retrieved
784:the original
774:
759:
750:
678:
670:
668:
664:
660:
653:
650:
641:
634:
623:
614:
605:Boston Globe
604:
601:
585:
583:
567:
552:
547:
535:
458:
438:
436:
420:
405:
388:
371:
370:, later the
367:
365:
111:Organization
29:
3260:Other lists
3220:Southbridge
3100:Marlborough
3054:Springfield
2987:New Bedford
2318:2021 strike
1323:January 18,
1292:January 18,
1264:January 31,
1239:January 31,
940:November 2,
872:January 31,
842:January 31,
609:Mitt Romney
514:radioactive
98: /
73:Coordinates
3341:Categories
3150:Winchester
3125:Somerville
3085:Framingham
3013:Gloucester
2982:Fall River
2961:Barnstable
2868:Barnstable
742:References
656:Lions Club
374:, was the
86:71°12′38″W
83:42°23′28″N
3230:Worcester
3166:Brookline
3135:Wakefield
3090:Lexington
3075:Cambridge
3070:Arlington
2933:Worcester
2913:Nantucket
2908:Middlesex
2903:Hampshire
2873:Berkshire
1586:r/Waltham
1213:April 25,
679:The Globe
449:dormitory
308:Architect
52:Geography
3302:Category
3225:Uxbridge
3202:southern
3197:northern
3130:Stoneham
3120:Sherborn
3023:Lawrence
2937:northern
2923:Plymouth
2893:Franklin
1259:itvs.org
1193:13406017
1140:The Tech
1093:15428911
1017:June 24,
993:13278403
685:See also
555:millirem
418:" boys.
347:93001487
289:Location
128:Services
57:Location
3267:Bridges
3235:eastern
3140:Waltham
3115:Reading
3105:Medford
3080:Concord
3033:Methuen
3018:Ipswich
3008:Andover
2992:Taunton
2966:Harwich
2928:Suffolk
2918:Norfolk
2898:Hampden
2878:Bristol
2348:Defunct
1351:May 27,
1150:June 9,
1048:May 11,
790:June 9,
570:thyroid
517:calcium
510:calcium
488:calcium
397:History
143:History
117:Funding
61:Waltham
3282:Boston
3192:Boston
3176:Quincy
3171:Milton
3145:Weston
3110:Newton
3095:Lowell
2811:Topics
1773:Active
1191:
1091:
991:
984:438780
981:
563:Denver
164:Closed
156:Opened
3038:Salem
2888:Essex
2883:Dukes
675:HIPAA
300:Built
177:Lists
172:Links
3028:Lynn
1593:2021
1567:2021
1542:2020
1534:News
1516:2020
1491:2021
1466:2021
1440:2021
1378:2021
1353:2019
1325:2015
1317:TASH
1294:2015
1266:2017
1241:2017
1215:2014
1189:PMID
1152:2009
1089:PMID
1050:2024
1019:2017
989:PMID
942:2009
874:2017
844:2017
792:2009
637:US$
536:The
506:iron
492:iron
490:and
463:and
366:The
303:1888
167:2014
159:1848
1181:doi
1079:doi
979:PMC
971:doi
630:PBS
561:in
465:MIT
445:IQs
342:No.
331:MPS
3343::
1675:.
1643:.
1623:.
1584:.
1558:.
1532:.
1507:.
1482:.
1456:.
1431:.
1413:.
1394:.
1369:.
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1327:.
1314:.
1296:.
1283:.
1257:.
1231:.
1187:.
1177:17
1175:.
1169:.
1138:.
1126:^
1109:.
1087:.
1075:41
1073:.
1067:.
1036:.
987:.
977:.
967:35
965:.
959:.
932:.
860:.
830:.
800:^
764:.
758:.
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314:;
138:No
63:,
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2935:(
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1468:.
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1417:.
1380:.
1355:.
1268:.
1243:.
1217:.
1195:.
1183::
1154:.
1095:.
1081::
1052:.
1021:.
995:.
973::
944:.
918:.
876:.
846:.
794:.
494:.
430:(
20:)
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