767:, the Western Hemisphere's oldest publicly funded institution serving mentally disabled people. He founded the school in 1848 with a $ 2,500 (~$ 71,253 in 2023) appropriation from the Massachusetts Legislature. "Idiot" was at that time considered a polite term for individuals with mental and intellectual disabilities. Howe was successful in his attempt to educate mentally disabled people, but this led to other problems. Some commentators argued that those with disabilities did so well in schools such as Howe's that they should permanently reside there. Howe was opposed to this reasoning, arguing that mentally disabled people had rights and that segregating them from the rest of society would be detrimental.
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669:. Burns was going to be shipped back to his slave owner in Virginia in accordance with the Fugitive Slave Law. The abolitionists hoped to rescue Burns from that fate. Howe declared outside the hall that "No man's freedom is safe until all men are free." Shortly afterward the abolitionists stormed the hall, breaking through the door with a battering ram. A deputy officer was murdered in the ensuing fracas. Federal troops suppressed the attempted takeover, and Burns was returned to Virginia. The men did not abandon Burns, however. Within a year of his capture, they had raised enough money to purchase Burns's freedom from his slave owner.
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422:, and several other Americans living in the city. By that time, the Poles had been defeated by the Russians and Howe was to give money to the many, particularly officers, who did not want to return home. They were harassed by some people of neighboring countries, but were given political refuge and crossed over the Prussian border into Prussia. Howe undertook to distribute the supplies and funds personally. While in Berlin, he was arrested and imprisoned, but managed to destroy or hide the incriminating letters to Polish officers. After five weeks, he was released due to the intervention of the United States Minister at Paris.
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429:. In January 1833, the initial funds were spent, but so much progress had been shown that the legislature approved funding to the institution, later increased to $ 30,000 (~$ 1.01 million in 2023) a year. This was conditioned on its giving free education to twenty poor blind students from the state. Funds were also donated from supporters in Salem and Boston. Colonel
288:, future doctor and president of Brown University described Howe as the following: "he showed mental capabilities which would naturally fit him for fine scholarship. His mind was quick, versatile, and inventive. I do not think he was deficient in logical power, but the severer studies did not seem to be congenial to him." After graduating from Brown in 1821, Howe attended
433:, a prominent Boston trader in slaves, furs, and opium, donated his mansion and grounds in Pearl Street as a location for the school in perpetuity. This building was later found unsuitable, and Colonel Perkins agreed to its sale. In 1839 the institution was moved to the former Mount Washington House Hotel in South Boston. It was known as the
253:, was a ship-owner and rope manufacturer in Boston. The business was prosperous until he supplied the U.S. Government with ropes during the war of 1812 and was never paid. His mother Patty (Gridley) Howe was considered to be one of the most beautiful women of her day. Samuel Gridley Howe's grandfather,
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system, which he referred to as a "sliding scale of taxation proportionate to income." He said that the wealthy would resist this, but explained that the United States could not become a truly just society while the gap between rich and poor remained so cavernous. Emancipating the slaves and charity
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We should be cautious about establishing such artificial communities ... for any children and youth; but more especially should we avoid them for those who have natural infirmity ... Such persons spring up sporadically in the community, and they should be kept diffused among sound and normal persons
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At one point Samuel requested a legal separation, but Julia refused. Many of their arguments centered on Julia's desire to have a career apart from motherhood. While Howe was in many ways progressive by the standards of the day, he did not support the idea of married women having any work other than
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In
America, he met with supporters of the Polish Revolution and was chosen to take money to revolutionaries in Europe. Thus he had two missions: to learn about schools for the blind and, as chairman of the American-Polish Committee at Paris, to support the Polish revolutionaries. The Paris committee
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In Greece, his services were not confined to the duties of a surgeon but were of a more military nature. Howe's bravery, enthusiasm, and ability as a commander, as well as his humanity, won him the title "the
Lafayette of the Greek Revolution." Howe returned to the United States in 1827 to raise
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Howe was director, and the life and soul of the school; he opened a printing-office and organized a fund for printing for the blind — the first done in the United States. He was a ceaseless promoter of their work. Through him, the
Institution became one of the intellectual centers of American
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and women rewrote for the northern states as well as the South, but Howe found that their lives as free people were much improved. He noted that they were enfranchised and their rights protected by the government. They could earn a living, marry, and attend school and church out of reach of
835:, a longtime friend and ally of Howe's. In the end, the committee sided with Sumner in opposition to the proposed annexation. Grant was so enraged at having his plans thwarted that he arranged to have Sumner removed from his chairmanship as head of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
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girl who later became a teacher at the school. She became famous as the first known deaf-blind person to be successfully educated in the United States. Howe taught
Bridgman himself. Within a few years of attendance at Perkins Institution, she learned the
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Laura and
Florence were closest to their father and defended his opposition to Julia's activities outside the home. Florence later took up her mother's mantle as a committed suffragette, making public speeches on the subject and writing the book,
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so long as the labors and drudgery of the world is thrown actively upon one class, while another class is entirely exempt from it. There is a radical injustice in it. And injustice in society is like a rotten timber in the foundation of a
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Chev is one of the characters based upon opposition. While I always seem to work for an unseen friend, he always sees an armed adversary and nerves himself accordingly. So all our lives turn on what I may call moral or personal fiction
779:... Surround insane and excitable persons with sane people and ordinary influences; vicious children with virtuous people and virtuous influences; blind children with those who see; mute children with those who speak; and the like ...
402:. A committee organized by Fisher proposed to Howe that he direct establishing a New England Asylum for the Blind at Boston. He took up the project with characteristic ardor and set out at once for Europe to investigate the problem.
751:. This extended his work as an abolitionist. The Freedmen's Bureau was to help house, feed, clothe, educate, and provide medical care to newly-freed slaves in the South after the Civil War. In some instances, Bureau staff helped
214:. In 1824, he had gone to Greece to serve in the revolution as a surgeon; he also commanded troops. He arranged for support for refugees and brought many Greek children back to Boston with him for their education.
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in 1818. He engaged in many practical jokes and other high jinks and, years later, Howe told his children that he regretted that he hadn't more seriously applied himself to his studies. One of his classmates,
732:. Its goal was to raise funds to improve hygiene standards and prevent outbreaks of disease at Union camps. Because of the lack of sanitation, camps were breeding grounds for such illnesses as
268:, where he was cruelly treated and even beaten, according to his daughter. Laura (Howe) Richards later wrote: "So far as I can remember, my father had no pleasant memories of his school days."
460:. Besides acting as superintendent of the Perkins Institution to the end of his life, he was instrumental in establishing numerous institutions of a similar character throughout the country.
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and to Canada to investigate the condition of emancipated slaves. Freedmen in Canada had often reached it via the
Underground Railroad. Life in Canada wasn't free from the bigotry that
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and suffering in Greece. Howe's fervid appeals enabled him to collect about $ 60,000, which he spent on provisions, clothing, and the establishment of a relief depot for refugees near
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1945:
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712:(1864). He submitted his report to the Secretary of War, and it became part of the commission's material for Congress. It contributed to passage of the law establishing the
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Howe founded the State Board of
Charities of Massachusetts in 1863, the first board of the sort in the United States. He served as its chairman from that time until 1874.
1813:
653:, which required law enforcement even in free states to support efforts to catch fugitive slaves. Two incidents clearly demonstrate this. In May 1854, Howe, along with
320:
Howe did not remain in
Massachusetts for long after graduating. In 1824, shortly after Howe was certified to practice medicine, he became fired by enthusiasm for the
425:
Returning to Boston in July 1832, Howe began receiving a few blind children at his father's house in
Pleasant Street. He gradually developed what became the noted
398:, a Boston physician who had started a movement there as early as 1826 to establish a school for the blind, he had learned of a similar school founded in Paris by
1501:
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1938:
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237:), where thousands of former slaves had escaped to freedom and established new lives. He interviewed freedmen as well as government officials in Canada.
1918:
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philanthropy, and by degrees obtained more and more financial support. He started the first circulating library in
Braille. In 1837, Howe admitted
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Samuel Gridley Howe brought many Greek refugee children back with him to the United States to educate them. Two who later gained prominence were
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356:, which was published in 1828. He brought back with him Lord Byron's helmet, which he later had on display in his house in Boston.
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In ceremonies on laying the corner-stone of the New York State institution for the blind, at Batavia, Genesee County, New York
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and recommend how they could be aided in their transition to freedom. In addition to traveling to the South, Howe traveled to
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Boston in the early nineteenth century was a hotbed of political foment. Howe's father was a Democrat who considered
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Samuel Howe remained active and politically involved until the end of his life. In 1865, Howe openly advocated a
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and Julia Rush (Cutler) Ward. Julia was an ardent supporter of abolitionism and was later active in the cause of
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According to later accounts by Howe's daughter, Florence Hall, the Howes' South Boston home was a stop on the
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They had a passionate and stormy marriage. Julia wrote in her diary of Howe (whom she referred to as "Chev"):
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Harrison, Robert. "Welfare and Employment Policies of the Freedmen's Bureau in the District of Columbia,"
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In 1866, Howe gave the keynote address at the opening of the New York State Institution for the Blind at
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to locate and reunite with relatives who had either fled north or who had been sold away during slavery.
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685:
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567:, an English muralist and illustrator; and Samuel Gridley Howe, Jr. (1858–1863), who died at age five.
543:-winning author, who wrote a well-known treatise on manners and married David Prescott Hall, a lawyer;
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Howe originated many improvements in teaching methods, as well as in the process of printing books in
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From Abolition to Rights for All: The Making of a Reform Community in the Nineteenth Century,
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The Greek Exile, Or, a Narrative of the Captivity and Escape of Christophorus Plato Castanis
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The Greek Exile, Or, a Narrative of the Captivity and Escape of Christophorus Plato Castanis
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774:. He shocked the audience by warning about the dangers of segregation based on disability:
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Howe entered publicly into the antislavery struggle for the first time in 1846 when, as a "
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831:. President Grant wished to annex the island. He was opposed in this effort by Sen.
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An abolitionist, Howe was one of three men appointed by the Secretary of War to the
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and his brother, Howe rescued an escaped slave who had entered Boston Harbor from
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744:. In addition, the Commission provided supplies and medical services to troops.
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that of wife and mother. He believed that Julia's proper place was in the home.
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Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum (since 1877, School for the Blind).
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642:. After Brown's arrest, Howe temporarily fled to Canada to escape prosecution.
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2017:
2012:
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Howe Biography on "Leaders & Legends of the Blindness Field Hall of Fame"
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379:
375:(1851). He mentioned both Dr. Howe and John Celivergos Zachos in this book.
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Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, Augusta County, Virginia.
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Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, Augusta County, Virginia.
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slave-catchers. He published an account of his interviews and experiences,
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535:, a Greek scholar who succeeded Howe as director of the Perkins Institute;
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1913:
1613:
Doctors in Blue: The Medical History of the Union Army in the Civil War.
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1639:
http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/HIUS403/freedmen/fb-socialservices.html
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Samuel Gridley Howe died on January 9, 1876. His remains are buried in
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595:. Howe was one of the founders of an antislavery newspaper, the Boston
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1751:
https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1909/07/17/101029589.pdf
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The Secret Six. The True Tale of the Men Who Conspired with John Brown
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The Secret Six. The True Tale of the Men Who Conspired with John Brown
649:. This is uncertain, but it is known that Howe vehemently opposed the
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1439:
Diva Julia: The Public Romance and Private Agony of Julia Ward Howe,
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Diva Julia: The Public Romance and Private Agony of Julia Ward Howe,
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Diva Julia: The Public Romance and Private Agony of Julia Ward Howe,
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Diva Julia: The Public Romance and Private Agony of Julia Ward Howe,
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Diva Julia: The Public Romance and Private Agony of Julia Ward Howe,
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Diva Julia: The Public Romance and Private Agony of Julia Ward Howe,
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Diva Julia: The Public Romance and Private Agony of Julia Ward Howe,
1903:
1328:
Neither Ballots Nor Bullets: Women Abolitionists and the Civil War,
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work alone were not enough, he insisted, to bridge the inequities,
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Between 1863 and 1866, Samuel Gridley and Julia Ward Howe lived at
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1480:, Graduate Student, Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University.
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Howe continued his medical studies in Paris. His enthusiasm for a
363:, who became an abolitionist and activist for women's rights, and
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457:
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202:(November 10, 1801 – January 9, 1876) was an American physician,
716:, considered needed to aid the Southern freedmen in transition.
555:-winning author, who married Henry Richards and lived in Maine;
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In 1831, Howe returned to the United States. Through his friend
328:. Howe fled the memory of an unhappy love affair and sailed for
1953:
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Samuel Gridley Howe painted in the dress of a Greek soldier by
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Samuel Gridley Howe Collection at Perkins School for the Blind
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http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-15007364_ITM
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http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/HIUS403/freedmen/fs-intro.html
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599:, which he edited (1851–1853) with the assistance of his wife
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On April 23, 1843, at the age of 41, Howe married the younger
348:. He later formed another colony for exiles on the Isthmus of
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Howe made a last trip to Greece in 1866, to carry relief to
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At the close of the Civil War, Howe began to work with the
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page 103. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003
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page 141. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003
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page 107. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003
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to inquire into the practicability of the annexation of
1785:"Charles Sumner | United States statesman | Britannica"
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p. 138, Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 2008
1745:
Spofford, Harriet Prescott. "In the Greek Revolution,"
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page 11. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003
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page 27. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003
1314:
page 31. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003
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helped the man evade slave-catchers and reach freedom.
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American philhellenes in the Greek War of Independence
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page 8. Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003
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Massachusetts School for Idiot and Feeble-Minded Youth
1685:
Samuel Gridley Howe and 'Schools for the Feebleminded
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1516:, Page 10. New York: Courier Dover Publications, 1995
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Brennan, Elizabeth A.; Clarage, Elizabeth C. (1999).
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1845:
A Light in the Dark: The Life of Samuel Gridley Howe
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1628:, page 479. Boston: Dana Estes & Company, 1909.
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Page 24-29. Boston: Dana Estes & Company, 1911.
823:In 1870, he was a member of the commission sent by
547:(1848–1922), a metallurgist who lived in New York;
1166:
1163:, p. 38. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1956.
995:, page 14. Boston: Dana Estes & Company, 1909.
665:in order to try to free a captured refugee slave,
352:. Afterward, Howe wrote an account of the revolt,
1779:
1777:
1775:
1587:The Underground Railroad in the Adirondack Region
962:, Boston: Little, Brown, And Company, 1923: p. 35
626:, he was interested in the plans of abolitionist
210:. He organized and was the first director of the
2646:
1689:http://www.ragged-edge-mag.com/0103/0103ft2.html
1569:The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom
1452:Julia Ward Howe and the Woman Suffrage Movement.
1279:Page 32. Boston: Dana Estes & Company, 1911.
1217:Page 23. Boston: Dana Estes & Company, 1911.
975:, p. 14. Boston: Dana Estes & Company, 1909.
1835:Samuel Gridley Howe, Social Reformer, 1801–1876
1553:, Page 184. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1973
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1467:pp. 269–270. New York: Harper & Bros., 1918
1161:Samuel Gridley Howe, Social Reformer, 1801–1876
944:, p. 13. Boston: Dana Estes & Company, 1909
719:
573:Julia Ward Howe and the Woman Suffrage Movement
382:form of government led him to take part in the
371:. He later wrote a memoir about these events,
1866:Fall 05: "The man who would change everything"
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1482:http://learningtogive.org/papers/paper105.html
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1939:
630:. Although he disapproved of the attack upon
1571:, Page 81. London: MacMillan & Co., 1898
1487:
1179:"Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe | Learning to Give"
1107:
869:wrote a "stirring lyric" about Howe, as did
1919:History of the Order of AHEPA Pages 29 – 31
1880:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
1626:Letters and Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe
1538:, Page 47-48 Rowman & Littlefield, 2004
1330:page 95. University of Virginia Press, 1991
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1093:Letters and Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe
1080:Letters and Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe
1048:Letters and Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe
1035:Letters and Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe
1022:Letters and Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe
1009:Letters and Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe
993:Letters and Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe
973:Letters and Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe
942:Letters and Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe
909:
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2695:Americans who served in foreign militaries
1946:
1932:
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510:in the Beacon Hill neighborhood of Boston
483:, the daughter of wealthy New York banker
31:
2249:B & O Railroad Potomac River Crossing
1600:The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West.
1227:The manliest man Samuel Howe, pages 55–57
578:
354:Historical Sketch of the Greek Revolution
340:funds and supplies to help alleviate the
2715:United States Sanitary Commission people
1722:"Samuel Gridley Howe | Encyclopedia.com"
900:
804:
792:
710:The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West
684:. Violating the Fugitive Slave Act, the
672:In October 1854, with the help of Capt.
587:", he was an unsuccessful candidate for
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467:
404:
298:
2418:Remarks After the Hanging of John Brown
1498:The Trial of John Brown: The Secret Six
1454:Boston: Dana Estes & Company, 1913.
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1098:
952:
950:
790:refugees during the Cretan Revolution.
728:, Howe was one of the directors of the
2765:American politicians with disabilities
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2360:John Brown Museum (Osawatomie, Kansas)
2327:Harpers Ferry National Historical Park
1870:
1615:Louisiana State University Press, 1996
1058:
1056:
697:American Freedmen's Inquiry Commission
463:
332:, where he joined the Greek army as a
219:American Freedmen's Inquiry Commission
148:
2391:John Brown's Provisional Constitution
2350:John Brown Farm, Tannery & Museum
2322:Burning of Winchester Medical College
1927:
1589:, Page 121. New York: McFarland, 2004
389:
1126:
960:Three Generations with Illustrations
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845:
603:. He was a prominent member of the
249:, on November 10, 1801. His father,
206:, and advocate of education for the
2345:John Brown Farm State Historic Site
1398:Who's who of Pulitzer Prize Winners
1053:
661:, and other abolitionists, stormed
315:
13:
1955:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry
1827:
1711:, Batavia, N.Y.: Henry Todd, 1866
307:. Elliott married Howe's daughter
16:American educator and abolitionist
14:
2776:
2735:19th-century American politicians
2559:Origins of the American Civil War
2449:Abolitionism in the United States
1851:
1551:Wendell Phillips, Brahmin Radical
1148:Castanis, Christophorus P. , 2018
257:, was one of the patriots at the
245:Howe was born on Pearl Street in
2725:Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery
1108:Renahan, Jr., Edward J. (1995).
797:Grave of Samuel Gridley Howe in
680:, as a stowaway aboard the brig
2634:Winchester and Potomac Railroad
1871:Cabell, Isa Carrington (1892).
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1251:Renehan Jr., Edward J. (1995).
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763:Howe also helped establish the
221:, to investigate conditions of
144:
2740:American educational theorists
2404:The Last Moments of John Brown
2355:John Brown House (Akron, Ohio)
1401:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1255:. New York: Crowb Publishers.
1112:. New York: Crown Publishers.
1064:New International Encyclopedia
1040:
1027:
1014:
965:
1:
2675:Harvard Medical School alumni
2411:A Plea for Captain John Brown
1812:
1147:
1133:"Biography of John C. Zachos"
928:". Accessed January 24, 2009.
893:
842:in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
563:-winning author, who married
527:The couple had six children:
409:Perkins School, prior to 1915
324:and the example of his idol,
2745:Blind scholars and academics
2680:American non-fiction writers
2665:19th-century American people
2274:Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
1890:"Howe, Samuel Gridley"
1874:"Howe, Samuel Gridley"
1663:Journal of Southern History.
720:Civil War and Reconstruction
695:, Howe was appointed to the
7:
2397:The Last Days of John Brown
2317:Battle Hymn of the Republic
2259:Charles Town, West Virginia
2244:Allstadt House and Ordinary
1837:(Harvard Univ. Press, 1956)
1624:Richards, Laura E. (Howe).
1611:Adams, George Worthington.
1536:The Shattering of the Union
1138:25(April 1898): p. 381-382.
991:Richards, Laura E. (Howe).
971:Richards, Laura E. (Howe).
940:Richards, Laura E. (Howe).
876:
699:, and traveled both to the
493:Battle Hymn of the Republic
472:Julia Ward Howe painted by
10:
2781:
2066:Thomas Wentworth Higginson
1814:Kastanes, Christophoros P.
1753:Accessed January 24, 2009.
1698:Accessed January 24, 2009.
1669:Accessed January 25, 2009.
1503:Accessed January 24, 2009.
1484:Accessed January 24, 2008.
686:Boston Vigilance Committee
655:Thomas Wentworth Higginson
651:Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
2705:Abolitionists from Boston
2441:
2332:Heyward Shepherd monument
2309:
2236:
2099:
2081:Franklin Benjamin Sanborn
2056:
2003:John Anthony Copeland Jr.
1961:
1914:Trent's biography of Howe
1203:The manliest man pg 55–57
867:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
612:Franklin Benjamin Sanborn
531:(1844–1886), who married
367:. Castanis survived the
365:Christophorus P. Castanis
227:Emancipation Proclamation
158:
129:
118:
87:
77:
61:
39:
30:
23:
2690:American philanthropists
2386:John Brown's last speech
1290:"Perkins Annual Reports"
915:Encyclopedia Brunoniana
863:was named in his honor.
759:Philanthropic activities
638:work as a member of the
241:Early life and education
2710:Brown University alumni
1896:Encyclopædia Britannica
1694:April 27, 2017, at the
1478:Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe
1465:Memories Grave and Gay,
871:John Greenleaf Whittier
431:Thomas Handasyd Perkins
225:in the South since the
2670:19th century in Boston
2432:Virginia v. John Brown
2138:John E.P. Daingerfield
2038:Francis Jackson Meriam
1971:Osborne Perry Anderson
1899:(11th ed.). 1911.
1864:Brown Alumni Magazine,
1514:Songs of the Civil War
1183:www.learningtogive.org
821:
801:
781:
579:Antislavery activities
521:
511:
476:
414:had been organized by
410:
361:John Celivergos Zachos
312:
290:Harvard Medical School
2579:Pottawatomie massacre
2091:George Luther Stearns
1463:Hall, Florence Howe.
1450:Hall, Florence Howe.
1326:Venet, Wendy Hamand.
924:May 17, 2020, at the
840:Mount Auburn Cemetery
816:
805:Final years and death
799:Mount Auburn Cemetery
796:
776:
678:Jacksonville, Florida
616:George Luther Stearns
516:
505:
471:
408:
302:
264:Howe was educated at
247:Boston, Massachusetts
82:Mount Auburn Cemetery
54:Boston, Massachusetts
2564:Battle of Osawatomie
2509:Fire on the Mountain
2461:Battle of Black Jack
2301:Winchester, Virginia
2296:Sandy Hook, Maryland
2269:Harpers Ferry Armory
2048:Aaron Dwight Stevens
2033:Lewis Sheridan Leary
1963:John Brown's raiders
1726:www.encyclopedia.com
1437:Ziegler, Valarie H.
1424:Ziegler, Valarie H.
1381:Ziegler, Valarie H.
1368:Ziegler, Valarie H.
1355:Ziegler, Valarie H.
1339:Ziegler, Valarie H.
1310:Ziegler, Valarie H.
919:Howe, Samuel Gridley
647:Underground Railroad
551:(1850–1943), also a
549:Laura Elizabeth Howe
537:Florence Marion Howe
491:. She composed the "
2730:Massachusetts Whigs
2720:Writers from Boston
2700:American Unitarians
2604:Henry David Thoreau
2503:Ralph Waldo Emerson
2466:Battle of the Spurs
2118:Owen Brown (father)
2071:Samuel Gridley Howe
1904:Samuel Gridley Howe
1665:(February 1, 2006)
1548:Bartlett, Irving H.
1292:. 1839. p. 131
1275:Richards, Laura E.
1237:Richards, Laura E.
1213:Richards, Laura E.
957:"Maud Howe Elliott"
730:Sanitary Commission
691:In 1863 during the
464:Marriage and family
427:Perkins Institution
396:Dr. John Dix Fisher
266:Boston Latin School
255:Edward Compton Howe
212:Perkins Institution
200:Samuel Gridley Howe
72:Massachusetts, U.S.
25:Samuel Gridley Howe
2531:Haitian Revolution
2521:The Good Lord Bird
2515:Wm. Lloyd Garrison
2498:Frederick Douglass
2471:James Madison Bell
2112:Mary Ann Day Brown
1789:www.britannica.com
1749:, (July 17, 1909)
1566:Siebert, Wilbur H.
1159:Schwartz, Harold.
913:Mitchell, Martha.
888:John Dennison Russ
802:
693:American Civil War
634:, Howe had funded
607:in Massachusetts.
597:Daily Commonwealth
593:Robert C. Winthrop
512:
508:13 Chestnut Street
497:American Civil War
477:
453:and how to write.
416:J. Fenimore Cooper
411:
390:Work for the blind
313:
273:Harvard University
105:Harvard University
2760:Blind politicians
2685:American surgeons
2642:
2641:
2569:Quindaro Townsite
2541:Elijah P. Lovejoy
2493:George DeBaptiste
2488:John Stuart Curry
2379:John Brown's Body
2371:John Brown's Body
2365:John Brown's body
2286:John Brown's Fort
2279:Historic District
2264:Gibson-Todd House
2208:George H. Steuart
2158:Stonewall Jackson
2148:George Henry Hoyt
2107:John Wilkes Booth
2100:Other individuals
2043:Dangerfield Newby
1833:Harold Schwartz,
1765:Cumbler, John T.
1683:Pfeiffer, David.
1534:Walther, Eric H.
1496:Linder, Douglas.
1091:Richards (1909),
1078:Richards (1909),
1046:Richards (1909),
1033:Richards (1909),
1020:Richards (1909),
1007:Richards (1909),
846:Legacy and honors
772:Batavia, New York
749:Freedmen's Bureau
714:Freedmen's Bureau
545:Henry Marion Howe
529:Julia Romana Howe
251:Joseph Neals Howe
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50:November 10, 1801
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2218:Lewis Washington
2203:Lysander Spooner
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1993:Owen Brown (son)
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2008:Barclay Coppock
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585:Conscience Whig
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1285:
1278:
1272:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1223:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1199:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1144:
1137:
1136:Beta Theta Pi
1134:
1129:
1121:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1102:
1094:
1088:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1066:
1065:
1059:
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1049:
1043:
1036:
1030:
1023:
1017:
1010:
1004:
1002:
994:
988:
986:
984:
982:
974:
968:
961:
958:
953:
951:
943:
937:
935:
927:
923:
920:
916:
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904:
899:
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884:
881:
880:
874:
872:
868:
864:
862:
861:
856:
853:
843:
841:
836:
834:
830:
829:Santo Domingo
826:
820:
815:
812:
800:
795:
791:
789:
784:
780:
775:
773:
768:
766:
756:
754:
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
717:
715:
711:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:Austin Bearse
670:
668:
667:Anthony Burns
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
643:
641:
637:
633:
632:Harpers Ferry
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
576:
574:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
520:
515:
509:
504:
500:
498:
495:" during the
494:
490:
486:
482:
475:
470:
461:
459:
454:
452:
447:
443:
437:
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
407:
403:
401:
400:Valentin Haüy
397:
387:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
310:
306:
301:
297:
295:
292:, taking his
291:
287:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
248:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
161:
157:
137:
132:
128:
125:
121:
119:Occupation(s)
117:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
92:
90:
86:
83:
80:
78:Resting place
76:
64:
60:
55:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2629:Walt Whitman
2624:Wakarusa War
2591:
2584:
2546:
2520:
2507:
2480:
2453:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2378:
2370:
2337:
2291:Kennedy Farm
2223:Walt Whitman
2086:Gerrit Smith
2070:
1998:Watson Brown
1988:Oliver Brown
1894:
1878:
1863:
1844:
1834:
1818:
1807:Bibliography
1792:. Retrieved
1788:
1766:
1746:
1741:
1729:. Retrieved
1725:
1716:
1708:
1703:
1684:
1662:
1657:
1645:
1633:
1625:
1620:
1612:
1607:
1599:
1594:
1586:
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1550:
1543:
1535:
1513:
1508:
1497:
1477:
1472:
1464:
1459:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1433:
1425:
1397:
1390:
1382:
1377:
1369:
1364:
1356:
1340:
1335:
1327:
1311:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1284:
1276:
1271:
1252:
1246:
1238:
1233:
1222:
1214:
1209:
1198:
1186:. Retrieved
1182:
1160:
1155:
1143:
1135:
1128:
1109:
1092:
1087:
1079:
1062:
1047:
1042:
1034:
1029:
1021:
1016:
1008:
992:
972:
967:
959:
941:
914:
865:
859:
855:Liberty Ship
852:World War II
849:
837:
822:
817:
808:
785:
782:
777:
769:
764:
762:
746:
723:
709:
690:
681:
671:
663:Faneuil Hall
644:
636:John Brown's
624:Gerrit Smith
609:
596:
582:
572:
569:
565:John Elliott
526:
522:
517:
513:
478:
474:John Elliott
455:
438:
434:
424:
412:
393:
377:
372:
358:
353:
338:
319:
305:John Elliott
270:
263:
244:
216:
204:abolitionist
199:
198:
124:abolitionist
67:(1876-01-09)
18:
2660:1876 deaths
2655:1801 births
2536:Victor Hugo
2526:miniseries)
2340:(biography)
1037:, pp. 19–20
724:During the
485:Samuel Ward
277:Federalists
231:Canada West
122:Physician,
2750:Secret Six
2649:Categories
2614:Nat Turner
2455:La Amistad
2338:John Brown
2310:Afterwards
2058:Secret Six
1976:John Brown
1262:051759028X
1119:051759028X
894:References
701:Deep South
640:Secret Six
628:John Brown
481:Julia Ward
446:deaf-blind
444:, a young
380:republican
326:Lord Byron
190:Samuel Jr.
136:Julia Ward
46:1801-11-10
2254:Beall-Air
2237:Locations
1794:March 11,
1731:March 11,
1188:March 11,
1011:, page 15
734:dysentery
726:Civil War
557:Maud Howe
309:Maud Howe
296:in 1824.
275:a den of
88:Education
1816:(1851).
1692:Archived
1150:, p. 109
1095:, p. 278
1082:, p. 279
922:Archived
877:See also
858:SS
753:freedmen
705:Freedmen
591:against
589:Congress
575:(1913).
223:freedmen
171:Florence
159:Children
2523:(book,
2442:Related
1296:May 28,
1024:, p. 17
742:malaria
738:typhoid
458:Braille
350:Corinth
334:surgeon
153:
141:
2587:(film)
2549:(play)
2381:(song)
2373:(poem)
2114:(wife)
1405:
1259:
1116:
819:house.
788:Cretan
740:, and
622:, and
346:Aegina
342:famine
330:Greece
294:degree
147:
130:Spouse
56:, U.S.
682:Cameo
610:With
233:(now
208:blind
181:Laura
176:Henry
166:Julia
151:)
143:(
139:
1981:body
1796:2023
1733:2023
1403:ISBN
1298:2014
1257:ISBN
1190:2023
1114:ISBN
850:The
186:Maud
149:1843
62:Died
40:Born
917:, "
519:...
2651::
1893:.
1877:.
1843:,
1787:.
1774:^
1758:^
1724:.
1687:,
1674:^
1576:^
1558:^
1521:^
1500:,
1489:^
1417:^
1348:^
1319:^
1181:.
1168:^
1100:^
1071:^
1055:^
1000:^
980:^
949:^
933:^
902:^
736:,
657:,
618:,
614:,
499:.
418:,
386:.
336:.
261:.
145:m.
109:MD
99:AB
1947:e
1940:t
1933:v
1883:.
1822:.
1798:.
1735:.
1411:.
1300:.
1265:.
1192:.
1122:.
311:.
111:)
107:(
101:)
97:(
48:)
44:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
