1320:
1274:
1257:
1339:
73:
1305:
1291:
51:
502:. Growth is best in dry soils with very good drainage, and they are often grown successfully in loose wall mortar, hence the vernacular name. There is a wide range of flower color in the warm spectrum, including white, yellow, orange, red, pink, maroon, purple and russet. The flowers, appearing in spring, usually have a strong, pleasant fragrance. Wallflowers are often associated in spring
280:. Most species have stems erect, with a covering of bifid hairs, usually 25 ± 53cm × 2–3mm in size. The leaves are narrow and fixed. The lower leaves are broad and round with backwardly directed lobes, 50–80mm × 0.5–3mm. Stem leaves are linear, entire, growing whitish with 2-fid hairs; 21–43mm × 1.5–2mm.
1866:
Züst, Tobias; Strickler, Susan R; Powell, Adrian F; Mabry, Makenzie E; An, Hong; Mirzaei, Mahdieh; York, Thomas; Holland, Cynthia K; Kumar, Pavan; Erb, Matthias; Petschenka, Georg; Gómez, José-María; Perfectti, Francsco; Müller, Caroline; Pires, J Chris; Mueller, Lukas; Jander, Georg (2020-04-07).
1374:
Moazzeni, Hamid; Zarre, Shahin; Pfeil, Bernard E.; Bertrand, Yann J. K.; German, Dmitry A.; Al-Shebaz, Ihsan A.; Mummenhoff, Klaus; Oxelman, Bengt (2014). "Phylogenetic perspectives on diversification and character evolution in the species-rich genus
Erysimum (Erysimeae; Brassicaceae) based on a
2242:
Munkert, Jennifer; Ernst, Mona; Müller-Uri, Frieder; Kreis, Wolfgang (2014). "Identification and stress-induced expression of three 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases from
Erysimum crepidifolium Rchb. and their putative role in cardenolide biosynthesis".
607:
Most wallflowers are pollinator-generalists, their flowers being visited by many different species of bees, bee flies, hoverflies, butterflies, beetles, and ants. However, there are some specialist species. For example,
2337:
Huang, Chien-Hsun; Sun, Renran; Hu, Yi; Zeng, Liping; Zhang, Ning; Cai, Liming; Zhang, Qiang; Koch, Marcus A.; Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan; Edger, Patrick P.; Pires, J. Chris; Tan, Dun-Yan; Zhong, Yang; Ma, Hong (2015).
2115:"Interactions between cardiac glycosides and sodium ⁄ potassium-ATPase: three-dimensional structure)activity relationship models for ligand binding to the E2-Pi form of the enzyme versus activity inhibition"
2882:
NIELSEN, JENS KVIST (1978). "Host Plant
Discrimination within Cruciferae: Feeding Responses of Four Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to Glucosinolates, Cucurbitacins and Cardenolides".
774:
species indicate diversification in
Eurasia between 0.5 and 2 million years ago, and in North America between 0.7 and 1.65 million years ago.) This evolutionarily rapid expansion of the
2603:
Dimock, M. B.; Renwick, J. A. A.; Radke, C. D.; Sachdev-gupta, K. (1991). "Chemical constituents of an unacceptable crucifer,Erysimum cheiranthoides, deter feeding byPieris rapae".
2721:
Wiklund, Christer; Åhrberg, Carl; Ahrberg, Carl (1978). "Host Plants, Nectar Source Plants, and
Habitat Selection of Males and Females of Anthocharis cardamines (Lepidoptera)".
536:
is found in a range of habitats across the northern hemisphere, and has developed diverse morphology and growth habits (herbaceous annual or perennial, and woody perennial).
566:
770:
that were applied to their preferred food plants. Consistent with the hypothesis of enhanced speciation after escape from herbivory, phylogenetic studies involving 128
337:
2213:
Züst, Tobias; Strickler, Susan R.; Powell, Adrian F.; Mabry, Makenzie E.; An, Hong; Mirzaei, Mahdieh; York, Thomas; Holland, Cynthia K.; Kumar, Pavan (2019-09-08).
290:
1413:
Al-Shehbaz, Ihsan A.; Windham, Michael D.; Warwick, Suzanne I.; O'Kane, Steve L.; Mummenhoff, Klaus; Mayer, Michael; Koch, Marcus A.; Bailey, C. Donovan (2006).
1148:
1089:
1539:
Polatschek, A. (2013). "Revision der
Gattung Erysimum (Cruciferae): Teil 5. Nord-, West-, Zentraleuropa, Rumänien und westliche Balkan-Halbinsel bis Albanien".
2662:
Sachdev-Gupta, K.; Radke, Cd.; Renwick, J. A. A.; Dimock, M. B. (1993). "Cardenolides from
Erysimum cheiranthoides: Feeding deterrents toPieris rapae larvae".
1777:
Giftpflanzen, Pflanzengifte : Giftpflanzen von A-Z : Notfallhilfe : Vorkommen, Wirkung, Therapie : allergische und phototoxische
Reaktionen
1111:
940:
1216:
1078:
925:
1263:
1189:
1040:
1032:
917:
2493:
Renwick, J. A. A.; Radke, Celia D. (1987). "Chemical stimulants and deterrents regulating acceptance or rejection of crucifers by cabbage butterflies".
428:
2831:
Chew, Frances S. (1977). "Coevolution of Pierid
Butterflies and Their Cruciferous Foodplants. II. The Distribution of Eggs on Potential Foodplants".
2552:
Renwick, J. A. A.; Radke, Celia D. (1985). "Constituents of host- and non-host plants deterring oviposition by the cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae".
1823:
Fahey, Jed W.; Zalcmann, Amy T.; Talalay, Paul (2001). "The chemical diversity and distribution of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates among plants".
3042:
Makarevich, I. F.; Zhernoklev, K. V.; Slyusarskaya, T. V.; Yarmolenko, G. N. (May 1994). "Cardenolide-containing plants of the family
Cruciferae".
1928:"Erysimum cheiranthoides, an ecological research system with potential as a genetic and genomic model for studying cardiac glycoside biosynthesis"
3351:
719:, is predicted to allow escape from herbivory by specialist herbivores and expansion into new ecological niches. The crucifer-feeding specialist
3390:
570:, live inside the fruits feeding on the developing seeds. Many species of beetles, bugs and grasshoppers eat the leaves and stalks. Some
3426:
2340:"Resolution of Brassicaceae Phylogeny Using Nuclear Genes Uncovers Nested Radiations and Supports Convergent Morphological Evolution"
3102:
1720:
344:
3299:
3107:
2019:
Dussourd, DE; Hoyle, AM (2000). "Poisoned plusiines: toxicity of milkweed latex and cardenolides to some generalist caterpillars".
1319:
3216:
3364:
3312:
703:(2.33–5.2 million years ago), suggesting relatively recent evolution of cardiac glycosides as a defensive trait in this genus.
665:
function in muscle cells. These chemicals are toxic enough to deter generalist, and even some specialist insect herbivores.
298:
to Morocco and Algeria, has white flowers. The flowering part of the stem ranges from 4 to 7mm. There are four pouch-shaped
3369:
3211:
2175:
Rassman, s; Johnson, MD; Agrawal, AA (2009). "Induced responses to herbivory and jasmonate in three milkweed species".
1704:
865:
324:
896:
as well as purified erysimin and erysimoside, have been applied more recently as Ukrainian ethnobotanical treatments.
1626:
3490:
1984:
Makarevich, FI; Zhernoklev, KV; Slyusarskaya, TB (1994). "Cardenolide-containing plants of the family Cruciferae".
3395:
1273:
3338:
2933:
NIELSEN, J. K. (1978). "Host Plant Selection of Monophagous and Oligophagous Flea Beetles Feeding on Crucifers".
1279:
474:
1467:
The 'Cruciferae' of continental North America : systematics of the mustard family from the Arctic to Panama
1256:
525:. It can become a bushy evergreen perennial in milder locations. It is strongly scented and attractive to bees.
3485:
1784:
1474:
3444:
3377:
653:
with an ecological importance in insect defense. Cardiac glycosides specifically function to prevent insect
2999:
Jaretzky, R.; Wilcke, M. (1932). "Die herzwirksamen Glykoside von Cheiranthus Cheiri und verwandten Arten".
1304:
490:), from southern Europe. They are often attacked by fungal and bacterial disease, so they are best grown as
3531:
2215:"Rapid and independent evolution of ancestral and novel defenses in a genus of toxic plants (Brassicaceae)"
1869:"Independent evolution of ancestral and novel defenses in a genus of toxic plants (Erysimum, Brassicaceae)"
1577:
Polatschek, A. (2013). "Revision der Gattung Erysimum (Cruciferae): Teil 4. Nordafrika, Malta und Zypern".
673:, with at least 48 species in the genus containing these compounds. Accumulation of cardiac glycosides in
3175:
1338:
518:
374:
31:
3281:
3255:
3439:
17:
3405:
3317:
284:
grow at intervals on short equal stalks along the stem, with bright yellow to red or pink bilateral
72:
778:
genus has resulted in several hundred known species distributed throughout the northern hemisphere.
1750:
1126:
905:
2152:
Karowe, DN; Golston, V (2006). "Effect of the cardenolide digitoxin on performance of gypsy moth (
1290:
3431:
3276:
1345:
997:
876:
794:
738:
727:
3536:
3250:
3118:
2772:
Chew, Frances S. (1975). "Coevolution of pierid butterflies and their cruciferous foodplants".
1024:
963:
675:
600:
503:
3356:
1663:
1619:
3467:
3418:
2307:
2114:
1239:
1071:
1056:
522:
456:
412:
331:
3224:
2942:
2891:
2781:
2730:
2671:
2612:
2561:
2502:
2400:
2252:
2184:
2071:
2028:
1939:
1832:
1611:
1232:
826:
358:
253:
growing from the stem, with yellow, red, pink or orange flowers and multiseeded seed pods.
1807:
8:
1728:
1640:
1501:
Polatschek, Adolf (1976). "Die Gattung Erysimum auf den Kapverden, Eanaren und Madeira".
1119:
979:
933:
576:
420:
3268:
2946:
2895:
2785:
2734:
2675:
2616:
2565:
2506:
2404:
2256:
2188:
2075:
2032:
1943:
1836:
3498:
3263:
3156:
3067:
3024:
2966:
2954:
2915:
2903:
2856:
2813:
2754:
2703:
2644:
2585:
2573:
2534:
2475:
2431:
2388:
2364:
2339:
2095:
2001:
1963:
1903:
1868:
1594:
1556:
1518:
1392:
1224:
1197:
1162:
1141:
984:
971:
948:
646:
610:
444:
436:
193:
67:
59:
3291:
1844:
725:(white cabbage butterfly) is deterred from feeding and oviposition by cardenolides in
3526:
3413:
3198:
3059:
3016:
2958:
2907:
2864:
2848:
2805:
2797:
2746:
2695:
2687:
2636:
2628:
2577:
2526:
2518:
2436:
2418:
2369:
2319:
2311:
2276:
2268:
2134:
2087:
2054:
Renwick, J. A. A.; Radke, C. D.; Sachdev-Gupta, K. (1989). "Chemical Constituents of
1955:
1908:
1890:
1848:
1790:
1780:
1700:
1622:
1586:
1548:
1510:
1480:
1470:
1444:
1436:
1209:
1170:
1155:
1104:
1097:
1017:
956:
821:
752:
666:
641:
as defensive compounds. However, unlike almost all other genera in the Brassicaceae,
392:
3071:
3028:
2970:
2919:
2817:
2648:
2589:
2538:
2264:
2099:
2005:
1967:
1396:
3503:
3203:
3051:
3008:
2950:
2899:
2840:
2789:
2738:
2679:
2620:
2569:
2510:
2467:
2426:
2408:
2359:
2351:
2303:
2260:
2222:
2192:
2126:
2079:
2036:
1993:
1947:
1898:
1880:
1840:
1426:
1384:
1182:
1048:
684:
400:
266:
3167:
2707:
880:
has been used to treat heart disease and other ailments. Although medical uses of
3180:
2455:
1064:
1004:
870:
857:
849:
815:
799:
594:
482:
311:
269:
234:
110:
3477:
3382:
379:), meaning "to ward off" or "to heal" in reference to its medicinal properties.
1579:
Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B für Botanik und Zoologie
1541:
Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B für Botanik und Zoologie
736:(orange tip butterfly), which oviposits on almost all crucifer species, avoids
687:, endogenous elicitors of chemical defenses in many plant species. Molecular
650:
638:
588:
491:
277:
97:
2196:
1951:
598:) in the Iberian Peninsula, feed on wallflower flowering and fruiting stalks.
345:
3520:
3141:
3063:
3020:
3012:
2962:
2911:
2852:
2801:
2750:
2691:
2632:
2581:
2522:
2422:
2315:
2294:
Howe, Gregg A.; Jander, Georg (2008). "Plant Immunity to Insect Herbivores".
2272:
1959:
1894:
1794:
1590:
1552:
1514:
1484:
1440:
837:
680:
557:
511:
281:
173:
2413:
2355:
1431:
1414:
3457:
2868:
2809:
2699:
2640:
2530:
2440:
2373:
2323:
2280:
2138:
2091:
1912:
1852:
1668:
1448:
721:
696:
688:
630:
499:
295:
262:
238:
156:
3041:
3325:
3190:
3150:
889:
841:
767:
762:
712:
662:
549:
545:
388:
146:
3103:
Herbario del Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, CSIC (Jaca, Aragón, Spain)
1885:
1680:
1598:
1560:
1522:
3304:
3055:
2860:
2793:
2758:
2683:
2624:
2514:
2479:
2083:
2040:
1997:
1648:
658:
616:
582:
405:
3097:
2130:
1618:
Lily Y. Beck, trans. Third, revised edition. Georg Olms Verlag, 2017.
1388:
276:. The perennial species are short-lived and in cultivation treated as
3330:
3237:
1639:
654:
604:(pale wallflower) is toxic to some generalist vertebrate herbivores.
273:
250:
50:
3112:
2844:
2742:
2471:
3452:
3135:
2227:
2214:
700:
495:
470:
123:
3343:
3242:
1412:
1927:
242:
1983:
1664:
A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins
746:(western wallflower) is resistant to feeding and oviposition of
460:(endangered – inland sandhills of Santa Cruz County, California)
2988:. Harbin: Heilongjiang Science and Technology Publishing House.
2661:
2602:
885:
792:
species have a long history of use in traditional medicine. In
571:
285:
136:
3229:
844:
descriptions of medicinal herbs and their uses, including the
391:, and North America south to Costa Rica. Many wallflowers are
387:
Wallflowers are native to temperate Eurasia, North Africa and
679:, but not other tested species, is induced by treatment with
541:
507:
449:
372:
356:
322:
299:
230:
84:
1926:
Züst, Tobias; Mirzaei, Mahdieh; Jander, Georg (2018-03-20).
711:
The evolution of novel chemical defenses in plants, such as
699:
species that do not produce cardiac glycosides began in the
494:
and discarded after flowering. They are also susceptible to
2241:
756:, margined white butterfly). Two crucifer-feeding beetles,
553:
1699:. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136.
1373:
288:. Flowering occurs during spring and summer. One species,
3088:
2053:
2212:
1865:
813:
is classified as a medicinal rather than a food plant.
2720:
2174:
1822:
1756:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 45
1464:
2389:"Defense mutualisms enhance plant diversification"
781:
249:is characterised by star-shaped and/or two-sided)
245:, both popular garden plants and many wild forms.
1925:
30:"Wallflower" redirects here. For other uses, see
3518:
2058:Deterring Oviposition by the Cabbage Butterfly,
1801:
1637:
2393:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2387:Weber, Marjorie G.; Agrawal, Anurag A. (2014).
1415:"Toward a Global Phylogeny of the Brassicaceae"
2998:
2336:
2112:
1243:– Santa Cruz wallflower, Ben Lomond wallflower
836:), which was the predominant European medical
564:). In addition, some species of weevils, like
2986:Plantae Medicinales Chinae Boreali-Orientalis
2156:) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) caterpillars".
2151:
2018:
1727:. Royal Horticultural Society. Archived from
1503:Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien
517:The cultivar 'Bowles's Mauve' has gained the
2551:
2492:
2386:
3108:Botánica Sistemática, an open web on plants
1774:
2293:
1576:
1538:
1500:
49:
2430:
2412:
2363:
2226:
1902:
1884:
1430:
975:– sanddune wallflower, western wallflower
351:, the hedgenettle), itself from the word
2308:10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092825
1377:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
706:
2935:Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata
2932:
2884:Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata
2881:
2554:Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata
2460:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
540:species are used as food plants by the
14:
3519:
3098:Webpage of a UK collector of erysimums
2113:Paula, S; Tabet, MR; Ball, WJ (2005).
624:
592:) in Central Europe, or Spanish ibex (
3117:
3116:
2456:"Defensive Ecology of the Cruciferae"
2453:
2208:
2206:
1979:
1977:
1697:RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants
1689:
868:(1588), also discuss applications of
3491:04df9fd9-fc74-427d-925a-5864593c605e
3406:0d8240e8-1f9a-4d39-ad64-b2ef78abdaff
2830:
2771:
1572:
1570:
1534:
1532:
1496:
1494:
1460:
1458:
1408:
1406:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
819:is described as a medicinal herb in
614:is pollinated almost exclusively by
2983:
899:
874:. In traditional Chinese medicine,
766:sp., were deterred from feeding by
574:herbivores, for example mule deer (
24:
2955:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1978.tb02817.x
2904:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1978.tb02755.x
2574:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1985.tb03538.x
2203:
1974:
1768:
866:Jacobus Theodorus Tabernaemontanus
317:is derived from the Ancient Greek
25:
3548:
3082:
1567:
1529:
1491:
1455:
1403:
1360:
840:for more than 1,500 years. Other
3445:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:329617-2
1337:
1318:
1303:
1289:
1272:
1255:
1093:– smallflower prairie wallflower
302:, light green, 5–7mm × 1.5–2mm.
71:
3035:
2992:
2977:
2926:
2875:
2824:
2765:
2714:
2655:
2596:
2545:
2486:
2447:
2380:
2344:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2330:
2287:
2265:10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.01.006
2235:
2168:
2145:
2106:
2047:
2012:
1919:
1859:
1816:
1743:
1713:
1673:
1419:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1375:densely sampled ITS approach".
382:
3044:Chemistry of Natural Compounds
2296:Annual Review of Plant Biology
1986:Chemistry of Natural Compounds
1655:
1631:
1605:
860:(1577), and Tabernaemontanus'
464:
13:
1:
1845:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00316-2
1469:. Stanford University Press.
1465:Rollins, Reed Clark. (1993).
1353:
830:
803:
256:
2158:The Great Lakes Entomologist
669:production is widespread in
580:) in North America, argali (
440:(the Sierra Nevada of Spain)
305:
241:. It includes more than 150
7:
2664:Journal of Chemical Ecology
2605:Journal of Chemical Ecology
2495:Journal of Chemical Ecology
2177:Journal of Chemical Ecology
2064:Journal of Chemical Ecology
695:diversification from other
519:Royal Horticultural Society
32:Wallflower (disambiguation)
10:
3553:
1248:
1174:– smelly wallflower (syn.
1166:– Sierra Nevada wallflower
903:
567:Ceutorhynchus chlorophanus
528:
373:
357:
323:
29:
3125:
2197:10.1007/s10886-009-9719-0
1952:10.1007/s11101-018-9562-4
1751:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
1686:. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
1642:De Materia Medica: Book 2
846:Dispensatorium des Cordus
748:Pieris napi macdunnoughii
586:) in Mongolia, red deer (
424:(Cyprus – nearly extinct)
416:(north Californian coast)
395:to small areas, such as:
199:
192:
185:
180:
68:Scientific classification
66:
57:
48:
41:
27:Genus of flowering plants
3013:10.1002/ardp.19322700202
1812:). In: giftpflanzen.com.
1661:Archibald William Smith
1127:Erysimum mediohispanicum
691:analysis indicates that
556:) species including the
3089:Evoflor, a web page on
2414:10.1073/pnas.1413253111
2056:Erysimum cheiranthoides
1346:Erysimum cheiranthoides
1084:Arabidopsis erysimoides
1060:– Franciscan wallflower
1052:– Mount Etna wallflower
998:Erysimum cheiranthoides
967:– Cabo Verde wallflower
877:Erysimum cheiranthoides
782:Ethnobotanical uses of
728:Erysimum cheiranthoides
633:, species in the genus
469:Most wallflower garden
338:Sisymbrium polyceratium
237:in the cabbage family,
1932:Phytochemistry Reviews
1810:Erysimum crepidifolium
1684:Flora of North America
1638:Pedanius Dioscorides.
1025:Erysimum crepidifolium
964:Erysimum caboverdeanum
734:Anthocharis cardamines
676:Erysimum crepidifolium
601:Erysimum crepidifolium
291:Erysimum semperflorens
2356:10.1093/molbev/msv226
1808:Bleicher Schöterich (
1679:Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz.
1432:10.1093/molbev/msl087
1240:Erysimum teretifolium
1149:Erysimum myriophyllum
1090:Erysimum inconspicuum
1072:Erysimum gomez-campoi
1057:Erysimum franciscanum
1001:– wormseed wallflower
988:Erysimum myriophyllum
921:– Siberian wallflower
707:Escape from herbivory
523:Award of Garden Merit
363:) meaning to drag or
332:Sisymbrium officinale
3001:Archiv der Pharmazie
2454:Feeny, Paul (1977).
1775:Roth, Lutz. (1994).
1612:Pedanius Dioscorides
1233:Erysimum siliculosum
1205:– Pallas' wallflower
1115:– Kotschy wallflower
1112:Erysimum kotschyanum
1044:– diffuse wallflower
952:– cascade wallflower
929:– Turkish wallflower
827:Pedanius Dioscorides
562:Xanthorhoe fluctuata
452:volcano on Tenerife)
3532:Brassicaceae genera
2947:1978EEApp..24..562N
2896:1978EEApp..24...41N
2786:1975Oecol..20..117C
2735:1978Oikos..31..169W
2676:1993JCEco..19.1355S
2617:1991JCEco..17..525D
2566:1985EEApp..39...21R
2507:1987JCEco..13.1771R
2405:2014PNAS..11116442W
2399:(46): 16442–16447.
2257:2014PChem.100...26M
2189:2009JCEco..35.1326R
2076:1989JCEco..15.2161R
2033:2000Checo..10...11D
1944:2018PChRv..17.1239Z
1886:10.7554/eLife.51712
1837:2001PChem..56....5F
1297:Erysimum helveticum
1176:Erysimum pannonicum
1120:Erysimum kykkoticum
980:Erysimum cazorlense
944:– Dawson wallflower
941:Erysimum angustatum
934:Erysimum ammophilum
884:became uncommon in
649:, another class of
625:Defensive compounds
577:Odocoileus hemionus
480:) are derived from
187:Over 180, see text
3056:10.1007/bf00629957
2794:10.1007/bf00369024
2684:10.1007/bf00984881
2625:10.1007/bf00982123
2515:10.1007/bf00980217
2084:10.1007/BF01014106
2041:10.1007/PL00001810
1998:10.1007/BF00629957
1731:on 6 November 2011
1616:De materia medica.
1228:– Teide wallflower
1225:Erysimum scoparium
1220:– Swiss wallflower
1217:Erysimum rhaeticum
1198:Erysimum redowskii
1193:– Crete wallflower
1163:Erysimum nevadense
1142:Erysimum menziesii
1132:Erysimum nevadense
1079:Erysimum hedgeanum
1036:– Crete wallflower
972:Erysimum capitatum
949:Erysimum arenicola
926:Erysimum amasianum
894:Erysimum diffusum,
795:Naturalis Historia
647:cardiac glycosides
611:Erysimum scoparium
538:Different Erysimum
432:(Guadalupe Island)
60:Erysimum scoparium
3514:
3513:
3414:Open Tree of Life
3119:Taxon identifiers
2131:10.1021/bi048680w
1725:'Bowles's Mauve'"
1425:(11): 2142–2160.
1389:10.1111/boj.12184
1311:Erysimum allionii
1264:Erysimum witmanii
1210:Erysimum repandum
1203:Erysimum pallasii
1190:Erysimum raulinii
1171:Erysimum odoratum
1156:Erysimum nervosum
1105:Erysimum jugicola
1098:Erysimum insulare
1041:Erysimum diffusum
1033:Erysimum creticum
1028:– pale wallflower
1018:Erysimum collinum
957:Erysimum baeticum
918:Erysimum allionii
854:Bocks Kräuterbuch
822:De Materia Medica
753:Pieris marginalis
739:E. cheiranthoides
667:Cardiac glycoside
645:also accumulates
486:(often placed in
218:
217:
176:
16:(Redirected from
3544:
3507:
3506:
3494:
3493:
3481:
3480:
3471:
3470:
3461:
3460:
3448:
3447:
3435:
3434:
3422:
3421:
3409:
3408:
3399:
3398:
3386:
3385:
3383:NHMSYS0000458601
3373:
3372:
3360:
3359:
3347:
3346:
3334:
3333:
3321:
3320:
3308:
3307:
3295:
3294:
3285:
3284:
3272:
3271:
3259:
3258:
3246:
3245:
3233:
3232:
3220:
3219:
3207:
3206:
3194:
3193:
3184:
3183:
3171:
3170:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3114:
3113:
3093:floral evolution
3076:
3075:
3039:
3033:
3032:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2984:Zhu, YC (1989).
2981:
2975:
2974:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2670:(7): 1355–1369.
2659:
2653:
2652:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2501:(7): 1771–1776.
2490:
2484:
2483:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2434:
2416:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2367:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2154:Lymantria dispar
2149:
2143:
2142:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2021:Chemical Ecology
2016:
2010:
2009:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1938:(6): 1239–1251.
1923:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1888:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1820:
1814:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1693:
1687:
1677:
1671:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1646:
1635:
1629:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1462:
1453:
1452:
1434:
1410:
1401:
1400:
1371:
1341:
1332:'Bowles's Mauve'
1322:
1307:
1293:
1283:'Chelsea Jacket'
1276:
1259:
1183:Erysimum popovii
1049:Erysimum etnense
900:Selected species
862:Neuw Kreuterbuch
835:
832:
808:
805:
744:Erysimum asperum
685:methyl jasmonate
478:'Chelsea Jacket'
378:
377:
362:
361:
350:
347:
328:
327:
261:Wallflowers are
235:flowering plants
207:
172:
76:
75:
53:
39:
38:
21:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3502:
3497:
3489:
3484:
3476:
3474:
3466:
3464:
3456:
3451:
3443:
3438:
3430:
3425:
3417:
3412:
3404:
3402:
3394:
3389:
3381:
3376:
3368:
3363:
3355:
3350:
3342:
3337:
3329:
3324:
3316:
3311:
3303:
3298:
3290:
3288:
3280:
3275:
3267:
3262:
3254:
3249:
3241:
3236:
3228:
3223:
3215:
3210:
3202:
3197:
3189:
3187:
3179:
3174:
3166:
3164:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3121:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3040:
3036:
2997:
2993:
2982:
2978:
2931:
2927:
2880:
2876:
2845:10.2307/2407522
2829:
2825:
2770:
2766:
2743:10.2307/3543560
2719:
2715:
2660:
2656:
2601:
2597:
2550:
2546:
2491:
2487:
2472:10.2307/2395334
2452:
2448:
2385:
2381:
2335:
2331:
2292:
2288:
2240:
2236:
2211:
2204:
2173:
2169:
2150:
2146:
2111:
2107:
2052:
2048:
2017:
2013:
1982:
1975:
1924:
1920:
1864:
1860:
1821:
1817:
1806:
1802:
1787:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1678:
1674:
1660:
1656:
1636:
1632:
1610:
1606:
1575:
1568:
1537:
1530:
1499:
1492:
1477:
1463:
1456:
1411:
1404:
1372:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1333:
1323:
1314:
1308:
1299:
1294:
1285:
1277:
1268:
1260:
1251:
1246:
1136:mediohispanicum
1065:Erysimum fitzii
912:
902:
858:Hieronymus Bock
850:Valerius Cordus
833:
816:Erysimum cheiri
806:
800:Pliny the Elder
787:
709:
627:
595:Capra pyrenaica
531:
498:, a disease of
467:
457:E. teretifolium
413:E. franciscanum
385:
342:
308:
282:Flower clusters
259:
205:
171:
70:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3550:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3504:wfo-4000013961
3495:
3482:
3472:
3462:
3449:
3436:
3423:
3410:
3400:
3387:
3374:
3361:
3348:
3335:
3322:
3309:
3296:
3286:
3273:
3260:
3247:
3234:
3221:
3208:
3195:
3185:
3172:
3162:
3147:
3131:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3084:
3083:External links
3081:
3078:
3077:
3050:(3): 275–289.
3034:
2991:
2976:
2941:(3): 562–569.
2925:
2874:
2839:(3): 568–579.
2823:
2780:(2): 117–127.
2764:
2713:
2654:
2611:(3): 525–533.
2595:
2544:
2485:
2466:(2): 221–234.
2446:
2379:
2350:(2): 394–412.
2329:
2286:
2245:Phytochemistry
2234:
2228:10.1101/761569
2202:
2167:
2144:
2125:(2): 498–510.
2105:
2046:
2011:
1992:(3): 275–289.
1973:
1918:
1858:
1825:Phytochemistry
1815:
1800:
1785:
1767:
1742:
1712:
1706:978-1405332965
1705:
1688:
1672:
1654:
1630:
1604:
1566:
1528:
1490:
1475:
1454:
1402:
1383:(4): 497–522.
1358:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1334:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1309:
1302:
1300:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1261:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1229:
1221:
1213:
1206:
1194:
1186:
1179:
1167:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1123:
1116:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1053:
1045:
1037:
1029:
1021:
1014:
1002:
994:
976:
968:
960:
953:
945:
937:
930:
922:
913:
904:Main article:
901:
898:
786:
780:
708:
705:
651:phytochemicals
639:glucosinolates
626:
623:
589:Cervus elaphus
530:
527:
512:forget-me-nots
466:
463:
462:
461:
453:
441:
433:
425:
417:
409:
384:
381:
307:
304:
258:
255:
216:
215:
214:
213:
209:
208:
197:
196:
190:
189:
183:
182:
178:
177:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
127:
126:
121:
114:
113:
108:
101:
100:
95:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
64:
63:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3549:
3538:
3537:Garden plants
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3283:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3163:
3158:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2987:
2980:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2929:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2878:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2238:
2229:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2207:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2070:(8): 2161–9.
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1978:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1862:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1813:
1811:
1804:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1771:
1752:
1746:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1685:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1667:, p. 148, at
1666:
1665:
1658:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1634:
1628:
1627:9783487155715
1624:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1573:
1571:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1535:
1533:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1495:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1407:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1313:inflorescence
1312:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1275:
1270:
1267:inflorescence
1266:
1265:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1000:
999:
995:
993:
989:
986:
982:
981:
977:
974:
973:
969:
966:
965:
961:
959:
958:
954:
951:
950:
946:
943:
942:
938:
936:
935:
931:
928:
927:
923:
920:
919:
915:
914:
911:
909:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
878:
873:
872:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
828:
824:
823:
818:
817:
812:
801:
797:
796:
791:
785:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:
759:
755:
754:
749:
745:
742:
740:
735:
731:
729:
724:
723:
722:Pieries rapae
718:
715:in the genus
714:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
681:jasmonic acid
678:
677:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
622:
620:
618:
613:
612:
605:
603:
602:
597:
596:
591:
590:
585:
584:
579:
578:
573:
569:
568:
563:
559:
558:garden carpet
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
526:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
506:schemes with
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
484:
479:
477:
472:
459:
458:
454:
451:
447:
446:
442:
439:
438:
434:
431:
430:
426:
423:
422:
421:E. kykkoticum
418:
415:
414:
410:
407:
403:
402:
398:
397:
396:
394:
390:
380:
376:
370:
366:
360:
354:
348:
341:
339:
334:
333:
326:
320:
316:
313:
303:
301:
297:
293:
292:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:
264:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:
211:
210:
204:
201:
200:
198:
195:
191:
188:
184:
179:
175:
170:
169:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:Tracheophytes
96:
93:
90:
89:
86:
83:
80:
79:
74:
69:
65:
62:
61:
56:
52:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3126:
3090:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3007:(2): 81–94.
3004:
3000:
2994:
2985:
2979:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2890:(1): 41–54.
2887:
2883:
2877:
2836:
2832:
2826:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2726:
2722:
2716:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2560:(1): 21–26.
2557:
2553:
2547:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2347:
2343:
2332:
2302:(1): 41–66.
2299:
2295:
2289:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2218:
2183:(11): 1326.
2180:
2176:
2170:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2122:
2119:Biochemistry
2118:
2108:
2067:
2063:
2060:Pieris rapae
2059:
2055:
2049:
2024:
2020:
2014:
1989:
1985:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1876:
1872:
1861:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1809:
1803:
1776:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1745:
1733:. Retrieved
1729:the original
1722:
1715:
1696:
1691:
1683:
1675:
1669:Google Books
1662:
1657:
1647:– via
1641:
1633:
1615:
1607:
1582:
1578:
1544:
1540:
1506:
1502:
1466:
1422:
1418:
1380:
1376:
1344:
1329:
1325:
1310:
1296:
1280:
1262:
1238:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1188:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1118:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1039:
1031:
1023:
1016:
1013:– wallflower
1009:
1005:
996:
991:
987:
978:
970:
962:
955:
947:
939:
932:
924:
916:
907:
893:
881:
875:
869:
861:
853:
845:
838:pharmacopeia
820:
814:
810:
793:
789:
788:
783:
775:
771:
768:cardenolides
761:
757:
751:
747:
743:
737:
733:
726:
720:
716:
713:cardenolides
710:
697:Brassicaceae
692:
689:phylogenetic
674:
670:
661:by blocking
642:
634:
631:Brassicaceae
628:
615:
609:
606:
599:
593:
587:
581:
575:
565:
561:
537:
533:
532:
516:
500:Brassicaceae
487:
481:
475:
468:
455:
445:E. scoparium
443:
437:E. nevadense
435:
427:
419:
411:
399:
386:
383:Distribution
368:
367:, a form of
364:
352:
336:
330:
318:
314:
309:
289:
260:
246:
239:Brassicaceae
226:
221:
220:
219:
202:
186:
167:
166:
157:Brassicaceae
130:
117:
104:
91:
58:
42:
36:
3326:iNaturalist
3151:Wikispecies
1831:(1): 5–51.
890:Middle Ages
763:Phyllotreta
732:Similarly,
663:ion channel
659:oviposition
550:butterflies
546:Lepidoptera
488:Cheiranthus
465:Cultivation
389:Macaronesia
343: [
203:Cheiranthus
147:Brassicales
111:Angiosperms
3521:Categories
2729:(2): 169.
1879:: e51712.
1786:3609648104
1779:. Ecomed.
1681:"Erysimum"
1649:Wikisource
1547:: 75–218.
1509:: 93–103.
1476:0804720649
1354:References
1330:linifolium
992:cazorlense
888:after the
629:Like most
617:Anthophora
583:Ovis ammon
429:E. moranii
406:Mount Etna
401:E. etnense
312:genus name
274:sub-shrubs
270:perennials
267:herbaceous
257:Morphology
227:wallflower
212:and others
18:Wallflower
3064:0009-3130
3021:0365-6233
2963:0013-8703
2912:0013-8703
2853:0014-3820
2833:Evolution
2802:0029-8549
2774:Oecologia
2751:0030-1299
2692:0098-0331
2633:0098-0331
2582:0013-8703
2523:0098-0331
2423:0027-8424
2316:1543-5008
2273:0031-9422
2251:: 26–33.
2027:(1): 11.
1960:1568-7767
1895:2050-084X
1795:891791701
1591:0255-0105
1585:: 57–74.
1553:0255-0105
1515:0083-6133
1485:610871656
1441:0737-4038
871:E. cheiri
834: 70
807: 77
750:(synonym
655:herbivory
572:mammalian
492:biennials
483:E. cheiri
471:cultivars
306:Etymology
278:biennials
251:trichomes
81:Kingdom:
3527:Erysimum
3486:VicFlora
3475:VASCAN:
3458:40005873
3453:Tropicos
3344:329617-2
3292:erysimum
3269:Erysimum
3217:Erysimum
3212:eFloraSA
3188:BioLib:
3157:Erysimum
3136:Wikidata
3127:Erysimum
3091:Erysimum
3072:13763922
3029:93704423
2971:85648914
2920:84602063
2869:28563490
2818:29074343
2810:28308818
2700:24249167
2649:32639023
2641:24258803
2590:86713452
2539:24473740
2531:24302344
2441:25349406
2374:26516094
2324:18031220
2281:24512841
2139:15641774
2100:20866270
2092:24272377
2006:13763922
1968:53857970
1913:32252891
1853:11198818
1723:Erysimum
1599:43922110
1561:43922111
1523:41769598
1449:16916944
1397:82972738
1326:Erysimum
1281:Erysimum
1006:Erysimum
908:Erysimum
906:List of
882:Erysimum
852:(1542),
842:medieval
811:Erysimum
790:Erysimum
784:Erysimum
776:Erysimum
772:Erysimum
760:sp. and
717:Erysimum
701:Pliocene
693:Erysimum
671:Erysimum
643:Erysimum
637:produce
635:Erysimum
619:alluadii
544:of some
534:Erysimum
496:clubroot
476:Erysimum
325:ἐρύσιμον
319:erysimon
315:Erysimum
247:Erysimum
222:Erysimum
194:Synonyms
181:Species
168:Erysimum
153:Family:
124:Eudicots
43:Erysimum
3468:5871355
3419:1037337
3357:1264501
3305:3048056
3142:Q165206
2943:Bibcode
2892:Bibcode
2861:2407522
2782:Bibcode
2759:3543560
2731:Bibcode
2672:Bibcode
2613:Bibcode
2562:Bibcode
2503:Bibcode
2480:2395334
2432:4246327
2401:Bibcode
2365:4866547
2253:Bibcode
2219:bioRxiv
2185:Bibcode
2072:Bibcode
2029:Bibcode
1940:Bibcode
1904:7180059
1833:Bibcode
1735:26 July
1620:p. 158.
1249:Gallery
1201:, syn.
1134:subsp.
1130:, syn.
1082:– syn.
990:subsp.
910:species
758:Phaedon
657:and/or
529:Ecology
504:bedding
393:endemic
369:rhyomai
340:
286:flowers
263:annuals
243:species
229:, is a
163:Genus:
143:Order:
85:Plantae
3465:uBio:
3427:PLANTS
3403:NZOR:
3289:FoIO:
3282:112142
3256:112142
3168:190624
3165:APDB:
3070:
3062:
3027:
3019:
2969:
2961:
2918:
2910:
2867:
2859:
2851:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2757:
2749:
2708:258932
2706:
2698:
2690:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2588:
2580:
2537:
2529:
2521:
2478:
2439:
2429:
2421:
2372:
2362:
2322:
2314:
2279:
2271:
2137:
2098:
2090:
2004:
1966:
1958:
1911:
1901:
1893:
1851:
1793:
1783:
1703:
1644:
1625:
1597:
1589:
1559:
1551:
1521:
1513:
1483:
1473:
1447:
1439:
1395:
1010:cheiri
886:Europe
542:larvae
508:tulips
473:(e.g.
375:ῥύομαι
300:sepals
296:native
137:Rosids
3432:ERYSI
3396:65352
3370:22926
3352:IRMNG
3331:50630
3264:FoAO2
3243:1ERYG
3230:38314
3204:63445
3191:39027
3181:74948
3068:S2CID
3025:S2CID
2967:S2CID
2916:S2CID
2857:JSTOR
2814:S2CID
2755:JSTOR
2723:Oikos
2704:S2CID
2645:S2CID
2586:S2CID
2535:S2CID
2476:JSTOR
2096:S2CID
2002:S2CID
1964:S2CID
1873:eLife
1760:2 May
1754:(PDF)
1595:JSTOR
1557:JSTOR
1519:JSTOR
1393:S2CID
554:moths
450:Teide
448:(the
365:eryso
349:]
231:genus
225:, or
131:Clade
118:Clade
105:Clade
92:Clade
3478:1159
3440:POWO
3391:NCBI
3365:ITIS
3339:IPNI
3318:4440
3313:GRIN
3300:GBIF
3238:EPPO
3176:APNI
3060:ISSN
3017:ISSN
2959:ISSN
2908:ISSN
2865:PMID
2849:ISSN
2806:PMID
2798:ISSN
2747:ISSN
2696:PMID
2688:ISSN
2637:PMID
2629:ISSN
2578:ISSN
2527:PMID
2519:ISSN
2437:PMID
2419:ISSN
2370:PMID
2320:PMID
2312:ISSN
2277:PMID
2269:ISSN
2135:PMID
2088:PMID
1956:ISSN
1909:PMID
1891:ISSN
1849:PMID
1791:OCLC
1781:ISBN
1762:2018
1737:2013
1701:ISBN
1623:ISBN
1587:ISSN
1549:ISSN
1511:ISSN
1481:OCLC
1471:ISBN
1445:PMID
1437:ISSN
985:syn.
683:and
552:and
510:and
359:ἐρύω
353:eryo
310:The
3499:WFO
3378:NBN
3277:FoC
3251:FNA
3225:EoL
3199:CoL
3052:doi
3009:doi
3005:270
2951:doi
2900:doi
2841:doi
2790:doi
2739:doi
2680:doi
2621:doi
2570:doi
2511:doi
2468:doi
2427:PMC
2409:doi
2397:111
2360:PMC
2352:doi
2304:doi
2261:doi
2249:100
2223:doi
2193:doi
2127:doi
2080:doi
2062:".
2037:doi
1994:doi
1948:doi
1899:PMC
1881:doi
1841:doi
1583:115
1545:115
1427:doi
1385:doi
1381:175
864:by
856:by
848:by
825:by
809:),
798:by
521:'s
335:or
272:or
233:of
3523::
3501::
3488::
3455::
3442::
3429::
3416::
3393::
3380::
3367::
3354::
3341::
3328::
3315::
3302::
3279::
3266::
3253::
3240::
3227::
3214::
3201::
3178::
3153::
3138::
3066:.
3058:.
3048:30
3046:.
3023:.
3015:.
3003:.
2965:.
2957:.
2949:.
2939:24
2937:.
2914:.
2906:.
2898:.
2888:24
2886:.
2863:.
2855:.
2847:.
2837:31
2835:.
2812:.
2804:.
2796:.
2788:.
2778:20
2776:.
2753:.
2745:.
2737:.
2727:31
2725:.
2702:.
2694:.
2686:.
2678:.
2668:19
2666:.
2643:.
2635:.
2627:.
2619:.
2609:17
2607:.
2584:.
2576:.
2568:.
2558:39
2556:.
2533:.
2525:.
2517:.
2509:.
2499:13
2497:.
2474:.
2464:64
2462:.
2458:.
2435:.
2425:.
2417:.
2407:.
2395:.
2391:.
2368:.
2358:.
2348:33
2346:.
2342:.
2318:.
2310:.
2300:59
2298:.
2275:.
2267:.
2259:.
2247:.
2221:.
2217:.
2205:^
2191:.
2181:35
2179:.
2162:39
2160:.
2133:.
2123:44
2121:.
2117:.
2094:.
2086:.
2078:.
2068:15
2066:.
2035:.
2025:10
2023:.
2000:.
1990:30
1988:.
1976:^
1962:.
1954:.
1946:.
1936:17
1934:.
1930:.
1907:.
1897:.
1889:.
1875:.
1871:.
1847:.
1839:.
1829:56
1827:.
1789:.
1614:.
1593:.
1581:.
1569:^
1555:.
1543:.
1531:^
1517:.
1507:80
1505:.
1493:^
1479:.
1457:^
1443:.
1435:.
1423:23
1421:.
1417:.
1405:^
1391:.
1379:.
1362:^
1328:×
1008:×
983:,
892:,
831:c.
804:c.
621:.
514:.
329:,
294:,
265:,
206:L.
174:L.
133::
120::
107::
94::
3074:.
3054::
3031:.
3011::
2973:.
2953::
2945::
2922:.
2902::
2894::
2871:.
2843::
2820:.
2792::
2784::
2761:.
2741::
2733::
2710:.
2682::
2674::
2651:.
2623::
2615::
2592:.
2572::
2564::
2541:.
2513::
2505::
2482:.
2470::
2443:.
2411::
2403::
2376:.
2354::
2326:.
2306::
2283:.
2263::
2255::
2231:.
2225::
2199:.
2195::
2187::
2164:.
2141:.
2129::
2102:.
2082::
2074::
2043:.
2039::
2031::
2008:.
1996::
1970:.
1950::
1942::
1915:.
1883::
1877:9
1855:.
1843::
1835::
1797:.
1764:.
1739:.
1721:"
1709:.
1651:.
1601:.
1563:.
1525:.
1487:.
1451:.
1429::
1399:.
1387::
1178:)
829:(
802:(
741:.
730:.
560:(
548:(
408:)
404:(
371:(
355:(
346:d
321:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
