231:
197:
429:. The Wai-Wai people were given the formal title to this land in 2004, and has worked with Guyana's Environmental Protection Agency and the Ministry of Amerindian Affairs to develop COCA. The goal is that the area will bring economic benefit to the Wai Wai, and protect a large part of the rainforest. Because the Wai Wai have kept a deep cultural and spiritual relationship with the Earth, protecting natural resources and biodiversity in this region is a main objective.
73:
1012:
55:
27:
342:
authoritarian government run by Forbes
Burnham at the time. Many of the missionaries were well liked among much of the tribe. When the missions had to leave Guyana because their residence permits were not renewed, 700 Wai-Wai people followed them to Brazil. Some 150 Wai-Wai people left in Guyana fell under the influence of Christian Brethren Bible Outreach.
274:
Women play a crucial role in the Wai-Wai culture. In terms of Wai-Wai constructs, the men's success in terms of wealth and power are dependent on female labor and reproduction. The size and stability of a village are dependent on cultural values and how relationships are tied. For the Wai-Wai, the
187:
During the early 20th century, some of the Wai-Wai in Brazil moved further north. It is speculated that this is because of the influenza epidemic that nearly exterminated the Taruma tribe. From 1933 to 1938, the Wai-Wai people moved deeper in Guyana's interior to avoid the outsiders working with the
221:
There are about 2,000 Wai-wai in Brazil, and they mostly reside in Terra Indígena Wai-wai, Terra Indígena
Trombetas-Mapuera, and Terra Indígena Nhamundá-Mapuera. These are located mainly in the northern states of Roraima and Pará. Settlements include: Mapuera in Pará and Jatapu-zine, Catual, Cobra,
432:
The COCA community is open to visitors all over the world, and protecting the plants and animals are valuable to the Wai-Wai's everyday life. The Wai-Wai people have said that the rainforest produces the air they breathe, keeps soil in place as not to clog waterways, provides foods (nuts, fruit,
261:
Consuming primate meat is a source of pride for Waiwai, distinguishing them as “‘true’ forest people” and making them distinct from most other indigenous groups in Guyana. Primate hunting can be a way to demonstrate masculinity and improve chances of betrothal. Various primate body parts have
341:
Western influence has severely changed their traditional culture and religion. Many have converted to
Christianity. In 1949, many of the Wai-Wai people chose to migrate to Brazil following the heavy persecution, violent imprisonment and forceful extradition of Christian missionaries by the
433:
fresh fish), is a source for natural medicines, and many more. The
Konashen Indigenous District in Southern Guyana is the headwaters of the Essequibo River. This river remains Guyana's main source for water, and drains the Kassikaityu, Kamoa, Sipu and Chodikar rivers.
238:
Though the Wai Wai are great hunters, they are also farmers. However, the light, thin soil they have to work with and an annual rainfall of 4 meters can make it very challenging to produce enough food. Their traditional method of farming was the
180:
Of medium height, their skin lighter than that of
Tarumas, in their general appearance and language they resemble the Makuskis a good deal. The Woyawais are great hunters and celebrated for their dogs. In appearance they are generally
265:
The Wai Wai have an affinity for musical instruments such as guitars, flutes, and hand drums. Often the Wai Wai people will craft their flutes and drums out of natural materials found in the surrounding Amazon rainforest.
143:. Their society consists of different lowland forest peoples who have maintained much of their cultural identity with the exception of Christianity which was introduced to them in the late 1950s.
425:. This area is legally protected under regulations passed by the Guyana parliament. 625,000-hectare is a protected area that was developed with the technical and financial support of
230:
289:
is marriage. For women, marriage cannot take place until after women have reached their first menses at around age thirteen. Most women are married by the age of seventeen.
166:, may have been the first western to have contact with the Wai-Wai in December 1837. He found one village on a tributary of the Essequebo river, along with two others on the
2215:
407:
Trombetas/Mapuera
Indigenous territory (shared with Hixkaryana, Isolados Karapawyana, and Katuenayana peoples), with a land area of 3,970,898 ha. Population of 811.
1000:
933:
883:
410:
Nhamundá-Mapuera
Indigenous territory (shared with Hixkaryana, Katuenayana, and Kaxuyana peoples), with a land area of 1,049,520 ha. Population of 2,293.
258:
weaving. All the hammocks are woven on square hammock frames. Their other artistic skills include pottery, woven combs, bone flutes, and other crafts.
978:
2208:
961:
278:
A village size is the indication of the level of political strength and riches, and thus heavily reliant on the women in the community.
2381:
993:
2201:
1710:
2376:
2371:
986:
657:
567:
922:. Nationalmuseets skrifter, Etnografisk Række (Ethnographical series), VIII. Copenhagen: The National Museum of Denmark.
320:
flying to the sky to consult cosmological beings (the moon or the brother of the moon) to get a name for a new-born baby
132:
863:
275:
relationship between a father and daughter lends a sense of control to the father over his daughter and son-in-law.
2366:
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617:
542:
1008:
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636:
Shaffer, Christopher A.; Milstein, Marissa S.; Suse, Phillip; Marawanaru, Elisha; Yukuma, Charakura (2019-02-28),
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399:
972:
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1016:
447:
442:
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354:, though the Carib-speaking Wai Wai Indians have close affinities to another Amazonian group known as the
1775:
246:
The Wai Wai are known for their weaving. They twist cotton into yarn for weaving, but they (along with
1127:
426:
361:
The Wai Wai have a history of intermarriage with other indigenous groups who speak similar languages.
1384:
163:
2064:
1624:
1305:
758:
Palacio, Joseph (1992). "The
Sojourn Toward Self Discovery Among Caribbean Indigenous Peoples".
2122:
1478:
939:
965:
793:
Callegari-Jacques, S.M. (1996). "The Wai Wai
Indians of South America: History and Genetics".
1690:
1394:
338:
Thus, a yaskomo is believed to be able to reach sky, earth, water, in short, every element.
2315:
2310:
2060:
1034:
2140:
1107:
8:
2340:
1853:
1467:
1998:
1848:
775:
703:
663:
606:
531:
210:
The Wai-wai in Guyana live in the far south of the country, near the headwaters of the
151:
2112:
1948:
1943:
1878:
1399:
2084:
1913:
1843:
1705:
1404:
810:
667:
653:
563:
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2011:
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1933:
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The Wai-Wai people in the
Konashen District of Guyana created the nation's first
351:
214:. There are approximately 200 Wai-wai in Guyana, region of the country known as
211:
93:
2031:
2026:
2016:
1858:
1795:
1358:
470:
355:
2325:
2240:
2021:
1973:
1893:
1833:
1527:
1504:
1255:
947:
738:
637:
404:
WaiWái Indigenous territory, with a land area of 405,698 ha. Population of 365.
240:
1938:
1235:
1210:
806:
649:
2355:
2330:
2262:
2257:
2158:
2036:
1958:
1953:
1918:
1898:
1868:
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1751:
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1672:
1662:
1348:
1310:
1280:
1200:
1102:
1097:
1069:
801:(3). Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil: 189–201.
251:
167:
1175:
694:(3). Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland: 511–527.
2294:
2094:
1968:
1494:
1180:
1170:
1046:
302:
107:
1059:
814:
2058:
1810:
1557:
1473:
1245:
1230:
1190:
1160:
310:
196:
1682:
1590:
1449:
1419:
1285:
1079:
1064:
884:"Biodiversity in the Konashen Community-Owned Conservation Area, Guyana"
779:
1978:
1743:
934:
Biodiversity in the Konashen Community-Owned Conservation Area, Guyana
707:
686:
Mentore, George (1987). "Waiwai Women: The Basis of Wealth and Power".
391:, with an officially titled land area of 648,860 ha. Population of 201.
147:
1908:
1725:
1595:
1439:
1364:
1338:
1320:
1140:
1054:
610:
535:
262:
different non-game uses, from saki tail dusters to bone arrow points.
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2006:
1700:
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1509:
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1389:
1225:
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2107:
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1800:
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1353:
1220:
1145:
699:
1552:
1315:
1265:
1185:
1155:
1135:
527:
422:
388:
215:
1983:
1787:
1654:
1585:
1484:
1409:
1260:
1089:
851:
638:"Comanagement of Primate Hunting in Amazonian Indigenous Reserves"
2269:
2130:
1963:
1773:
1600:
1532:
1519:
1462:
1429:
1295:
1250:
1165:
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1112:
378:
334:
flying deep down in a river, to achieve the help of other beings.
255:
111:
1988:
1330:
514:
Edwards, W. (1979). "An Ethnohistory of Amerindians in Guyana".
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1838:
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1032:
26:
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948:"Native American Indian Cultures — the Wai Wai Indians"
154:, takes its name from the Wai-Wai for "meeting place".
642:
Primate Research and Conservation in the Anthropocene
460:
2223:
962:"General table of the Indigenous peoples in Brazil"
309:in literature, is believed to be able to perform a
920:Waiwai. Religion and society of an Amazonian tribe
829:"Wai Wai, Katawian of Guyana Ethic People Profile"
721:
498:WaiWai: Religion and Society of an Amazonian Tribe
218:. It is also a community-owned conservation area.
792:
739:"Wai-Wai:through the forests north of the Amazon"
2353:
313:. The soul flight can serve several functions:
500:. Copenhagen: The National Museum. p. 115.
644:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 74–98,
2209:
994:
889:. Conservation International. Archived from
369:Wai-wai people are split between modern day
973:Wai Wai language dictionary online from IDS
350:There are several thousand speakers of the
2216:
2202:
1001:
987:
555:
417:Konashen Community Owned Conservation Area
25:
600:
509:
507:
423:Community Owned Conservation Area (COCA)
229:
195:
174:. Schomburgk describes the Wai-Wai as:
757:
685:
513:
385:In Guyana they reside in one community
2354:
504:
2197:
2057:
1772:
1621:
1031:
982:
736:
522:(2). Duke University Press: 161–175.
975:(select simple or advanced browsing)
917:
631:
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627:
582:
495:
47:Regions with significant populations
13:
14:
2393:
2382:Indigenous peoples of the Guianas
940:"Mongabay.com Guyana — Geography"
927:
624:
2225:Ancestry and ethnicity in Guyana
1010:
595:(3). Blackwell Publishing: 560.
398:In Brazil, they reside in three
269:
157:
71:
53:
876:
856:
852:https://terrasindigenas.org.br/
845:
821:
786:
751:
772:10.1080/00086495.1992.11671762
730:
679:
576:
562:. W. W. Norton & Company.
549:
489:
364:
1:
911:
602:10.1525/aa.1929.31.3.02a00300
389:Konashen Amerindian Community
301:of the Waiwai, also called a
2377:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
2372:Indigenous peoples in Guyana
864:"Conservation International"
556:Schoenauer, Norbert (2000).
448:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
443:Indigenous peoples in Guyana
254:people) are known for their
222:Pequeno Paraíso in Roraima.
191:
7:
436:
345:
292:
281:
10:
2398:
2059:Indigenous peoples of the
1774:Indigenous peoples of the
1623:Indigenous peoples of the
1033:Indigenous peoples of the
585:"Weaving in South America"
427:Conservation International
225:
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1997:
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650:10.1017/9781316662021.006
106:
101:
92:
87:
69:
51:
46:
41:
36:
24:
737:Guppy, Nicholas (1958).
453:
2367:Ethnic groups in Guyana
2362:Ethnic groups in Brazil
795:Annals of Human Biology
589:American Anthropologist
131:) are a Carib-speaking
97:Various local languages
559:6,000 Years of Housing
400:Indigenous territories
323:flying to the cave of
235:
234:The Wai-Wai Headdress.
207:
715:registration required
618:registration required
583:Roth, Walter (1929).
543:registration required
331:for abundance of game
233:
199:
188:Boundary Commission.
164:Sir Robert Schomburgk
968:on October 13, 2008.
918:Fock, Niels (1963).
496:Fock, Neils (1963).
325:peccaries' mountains
1776:Central-West Region
760:Caribbean Quarterly
329:father of peccaries
21:
1999:Mato Grosso do Sul
1017:Indigenous peoples
833:The Joshua Project
236:
208:
152:Georgetown, Guyana
19:
2349:
2348:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2186:
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2182:
2065:Southeast Regions
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2048:
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1760:
1759:
1613:
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1608:
659:978-1-316-66202-1
569:978-0-393-73120-0
133:Indigenous people
117:
116:
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2204:
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2194:
2073:
2072:
2055:
2054:
1784:
1783:
1770:
1769:
1633:
1632:
1625:Northeast Region
1619:
1618:
1043:
1042:
1029:
1028:
1015:
1014:
1003:
996:
989:
980:
979:
969:
964:. Archived from
957:
955:
954:
943:
923:
905:
904:
902:
901:
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880:
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873:
871:
870:
860:
854:
849:
843:
842:
840:
839:
825:
819:
818:
790:
784:
783:
755:
749:
748:
746:
745:
734:
728:
725:
719:
718:
711:
683:
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622:
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486:
484:
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467:
352:Wai Wai language
94:Wai Wai language
77:
75:
74:
59:
57:
56:
37:Total population
29:
22:
18:
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1993:
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1720:
1677:
1649:
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1605:
1562:
1514:
1444:
1325:
1122:
1084:
1037:
1023:
1009:
1007:
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952:
950:
946:
938:
930:
914:
909:
908:
899:
897:
893:
886:
882:
881:
877:
868:
866:
862:
861:
857:
850:
846:
837:
835:
827:
826:
822:
791:
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756:
752:
743:
741:
735:
731:
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722:
712:
700:10.2307/2802503
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672:
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577:
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550:
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512:
505:
494:
490:
480:
478:
477:(in Portuguese)
475:Socio Ambiental
469:
468:
461:
456:
439:
419:
367:
348:
295:
284:
272:
228:
212:Essequibo River
194:
160:
96:
72:
70:
54:
52:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2395:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2305:
2304:Non-Indigenous
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2123:Santa Catarina
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2099:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2077:Espírito Santo
2069:
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2012:Guarani-Kaiowá
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2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
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1951:
1946:
1941:
1939:Kĩsêdjê (Suyá)
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1780:
1779:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1722:
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1718:
1716:Gavião-Pykobjê
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
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1505:Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau
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1471:
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1460:
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1407:
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766:(2/3): 55–72.
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241:slash and burn
227:
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162:The explorer,
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123:(also written
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1309:
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1306:White Indians
1304:
1302:
1299:
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1287:
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916:
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896:on 2010-12-06
892:
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865:
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824:
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804:
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769:
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733:
727:Fock 1963: 16
724:
716:
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705:
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689:
682:
669:
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619:
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326:
322:
319:
316:
315:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
290:
288:
279:
276:
270:Wai-Wai Women
267:
263:
259:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
232:
223:
219:
217:
213:
205:
204:
198:
189:
182:
177:
176:
175:
173:
169:
168:Mapuera River
165:
158:Early contact
155:
153:
149:
144:
142:
139:and northern
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
113:
109:
105:
100:
95:
91:
86:
82:
80:
68:
64:
62:
50:
45:
40:
35:
28:
23:
2284:
2095:Minas Gerais
1854:Enawene Nawe
1796:Avá-Canoeiro
1424:
1405:Suruí (Pará)
1290:
1035:North Region
966:the original
951:. Retrieved
919:
898:. Retrieved
891:the original
878:
867:. Retrieved
858:
847:
836:. Retrieved
832:
823:
798:
794:
788:
763:
759:
753:
742:. Retrieved
732:
723:
691:
687:
681:
671:, retrieved
641:
592:
588:
578:
558:
551:
519:
516:Ethnohistory
515:
497:
491:
479:. Retrieved
474:
431:
420:
368:
360:
349:
340:
337:
328:
324:
303:medicine man
298:
296:
286:
285:
277:
273:
264:
260:
245:
237:
220:
209:
201:
186:
179:
161:
145:
128:
124:
120:
118:
108:Christianity
65:2,502 (2014)
16:Ethnic group
1849:Cinta Larga
1811:Mato Grosso
1474:Cinta Larga
1246:Pira-tapuya
1236:Parintintín
481:28 February
365:Settlements
327:to ask the
311:soul flight
200:Regions in
31:Wai-wai man
2356:Categories
2341:Portuguese
2233:Indigenous
2168:Widespread
2085:Tupiniquim
1979:Yawalapiti
1914:Nambikwara
1844:Chiquitano
1744:Pernambuco
1481:(Rondônia)
1470:(Rondônia)
953:2012-05-16
912:References
900:2012-05-16
869:2012-05-16
838:2012-05-16
744:2012-05-16
673:2021-04-07
243:' method.
148:Umana Yana
83:170 (2006)
2316:Brazilian
2290:Wapishana
2141:São Paulo
2007:Chamacoco
1934:Rikbaktsa
1904:Munduruku
1734:Potiguara
1701:Guajajara
1691:Awá-Guajá
1568:Tocantins
1548:Wapishana
1490:Karitiana
1395:Parkatêjê
1390:Munduruku
1385:Kỳikatêjê
1226:Munduruku
1075:Machinere
1060:Asháninka
668:134999758
192:Geography
88:Languages
2275:Patamona
2175:Kaingang
2154:Kaingang
2113:Xakriabá
1949:Tapirapé
1944:Tapayúna
1879:Kamayurá
1874:Kalapalo
1683:Maranhão
1668:Tabajara
1591:Tapirapé
1558:Ye'kuana
1553:Yanomami
1538:Patamona
1450:Rondônia
1420:Turiwára
1400:Parakanã
1316:Yanomami
1286:Turiwára
1266:Tenharim
1186:Jamamadi
1156:Barasana
1136:Amahuaca
1128:Amazonas
1108:Karipuna
1080:Yaminawá
1065:Kaxinawá
780:40654180
471:"Waiwai"
437:See also
346:Language
293:Religion
282:Marriage
216:Kanashen
102:Religion
2321:Chinese
2311:African
2285:Wai-Wai
2270:Macushi
2241:Akawaio
2131:Xokleng
2022:Kadiweu
1974:Xavante
1964:Umutina
1909:Nahukuá
1894:Kuikuro
1834:Bakairi
1726:Paraíba
1711:Krĩkatí
1706:Ka'apor
1601:Xerente
1596:Xambioá
1576:Apinajé
1533:Macushi
1528:Akawaio
1520:Roraima
1463:Akuntsu
1430:Wayampi
1425:Wai-wai
1365:Araweté
1339:Amanayé
1321:Zuruahã
1296:Wayampi
1291:Wai-wai
1256:Tariana
1251:Siriano
1166:Cambeba
1141:Apurinã
1118:Wayampi
1113:Palikur
1055:Apurinã
815:8807037
708:2802503
379:Roraima
317:healing
299:yaskomo
287:Mansiya
256:hammock
226:Culture
129:Wai Wai
121:Wai-wai
112:Animism
20:Wai-wai
2336:Jewish
2331:Indian
2263:Taruma
2251:Lokono
2246:Arawak
2159:Terena
2149:Aimoré
2108:Kaxixó
2103:Aimoré
2037:Terena
1959:Trumai
1954:Terena
1929:Paresi
1924:Panará
1919:Paiter
1899:Matipu
1889:Kayapo
1884:Karajá
1869:Kaiabi
1864:Ikpeng
1839:Bororo
1824:Apiacá
1819:Aimoré
1801:Karajá
1752:Xukuru
1696:Canela
1673:Tapeba
1663:Kiriri
1645:Pataxó
1581:Karajá
1500:Paiter
1479:Gavião
1458:Aikanã
1435:Wayana
1415:Tiriyó
1380:Kayapo
1375:Karajá
1370:Atikum
1361:(Pará)
1354:Apiacá
1349:Aparai
1344:Anambé
1311:Witoto
1301:Wayana
1281:Tucano
1276:Tiriyó
1271:Ticuna
1241:Pirahã
1221:Matsés
1206:Macuna
1201:Kulina
1196:Korubo
1151:Baniwa
1146:Banawá
1103:Kalina
1098:Aparai
1070:Kulina
1021:Brazil
813:
778:
706:
666:
656:
611:661291
609:
566:
536:481091
534:
375:Brazil
371:Guyana
307:shaman
248:Arawak
203:Guyana
181:dirty.
172:Brazil
141:Brazil
137:Guyana
125:Waiwai
79:Guyana
76:
61:Brazil
58:
2326:Dutch
2295:Warao
2280:Pemon
2258:Carib
2061:South
2032:Ofayé
2027:Mbayá
2017:Guató
1984:Yudjá
1969:Wauja
1859:Guató
1829:Aweti
1788:Goiás
1655:Ceará
1637:Bahia
1586:Krahô
1543:Pemon
1510:Wari’
1495:Kwaza
1485:Kanoê
1468:Arara
1410:Tembé
1359:Arara
1261:Tembé
1216:Matis
1181:Hupda
1171:Cubeo
1090:Amapá
894:(PDF)
887:(PDF)
776:JSTOR
704:JSTOR
664:S2CID
607:JSTOR
532:JSTOR
454:Notes
356:Arara
252:Carib
42:2,672
2063:and
1989:Zoró
1440:Zo'é
1331:Pará
1231:Mura
1211:Mawé
1191:Juma
1161:Bora
1047:Acre
811:PMID
654:ISBN
564:ISBN
483:2021
381:).
373:and
297:The
250:and
146:The
119:The
1176:Dâw
1019:of
803:doi
768:doi
696:doi
688:Man
646:doi
597:doi
524:doi
305:or
170:in
150:in
135:of
127:or
2358::
831:.
809:.
799:23
797:.
774:.
764:38
762:.
702:.
692:22
662:,
652:,
640:,
626:^
605:.
593:31
591:.
587:.
530:.
520:26
518:.
506:^
473:.
462:^
358:.
110:,
2217:e
2210:t
2203:v
1002:e
995:t
988:v
956:.
942:.
903:.
872:.
841:.
817:.
805::
782:.
770::
747:.
717:)
713:(
710:.
698::
648::
620:)
616:(
613:.
599::
572:.
545:)
541:(
538:.
526::
485:.
377:(
239:'
206:.
183:"
178:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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