1122:
to interpret the physical features and the geology of the region prior to making four expeditions into the field to check their observations. On
Expedition III they explored the entire Essequibo basin. They travelled separately in two outboard-powered canoes, each team comprising a geologist and five Amerindians. Starting at Kanashen, they canoed up all the major eastward flowing tributaries: the Kuyuwini, Kassikaityu, Kamoa and Sipu rivers, as well as the Chadikar River which on the basis of its north-south trend and a larger flow of water is considered to be the source of the Essiquibo rather than the eastward flowing Sipu River. In his memoirs Richard Johnson records how he had a line cut through the forest to a small hill near the Chodikar headwaters so that he could stand on the border defined by the watershed, and when he told his line-cutting team that they were looking south across the forest into Brazil his foreman disagreed on the basis that "there are lots of nightclubs in Brazil." After mapping the tributaries the two teams joined forces and travelled down the Essequibo to its confluence with the
1174:, thereby promoting sales of this British invention. The expedition team comprised Bob Saunders (BBC producer and team leader), Tommy Tomlinson (CC7 pilot), Jevan Berrangé (navigator and logistics consultant), Len Chrisophers (hovercraft engineer), Peter Smith (sound recordist), and Tony Morrison (cameraman). Fuel dumps for the hovercraft were laid down at intervals ahead of the expedition, by boat on the Rio Negro, by plane in the North Savannas and by float-plane on the Essequibo. As there were no reliable maps of the route, navigation in Guyana was done by 1:60,000 scale aerial photographs and by scouting rapids in a motorised inflatable dinghy ahead of the CC7. This was the first expedition to travel by river, land, and sea from Manaus to Georgetown, a total distance of about 1,000 miles (1,600 km).
1223:
1247:, two English, one Iranian, and one South African located the furthest source of the Essequibo River. They built upon information and experience from the above 2013 Guyanese German expedition alongside topographical maps, local Wai Wai knowledge, GPS, and machetes to follow the Sipu River to its source. The multinational team 'Running the Essequibo' followed the main channel and investigated tributaries until they reached the watershed. There, 20 metres away from the Brazilian border, they logged what is now acknowledged to be the furthest source of the Essequibo River.
1135:
1191:
2232:
1114:
1963:
48:
1231:
by calculation errors or other mistakes. Possibly he followed a different branch of the river more in the South of Guyana. To further investigate this, additional research is necessary, preferably in the original reports of Robert
Hermann Schomburgk from his expedition in 1837/38. For the accurate determination of the headwaters and their proper classification, further extensive geological and hydrological studies are necessary.
33:
1183:
2244:
1215:
1053:
claims that the
Essequibo is the true border between it and Guyana, claiming all territory west of it. The boundary was set between Venezuela and Guyana's then colonial power, Great Britain in 1899 through an arbitration proceeding. A letter written by Venezuela's legal counsel, named partner Severo
1230:
With the support of the Wai-Wai, satellite maps, topographic maps, GPS and a small drone, the source valley was discovered in 2013. The coordinate determined by expedition teams in 2013 deviates by approximately 40`, which corresponds to a distance of at least 80 km north. This could be caused
1121:
As part of a
British Technical Assistance project "Operation El Dorado", geologists Dr. Jevan P. Berrangé and Dr. Richard L. Johnson made the first topographic and geological maps of Guyana south of latitude 4 degrees north. They examined 1:60,000 scale panchromatic aerial photos with a stereoscope
1198:
A Guyanese-German expedition in Guyana in April and May 2013 followed the course of the Sipu River to detect the still unknown headwaters of the
Essequibo. It was sponsored by the French-German TV Company ARTE and was organized by Duane De Freitas (Rupununi Trails) and the film production team of
1253:
The team then began their world-first descent of the
Essequibo River. The team of nine paddled back to Kanashan, aka Gunns Strip, where the Wai Wai members returned home and Romel Shoni and Anthony Shushu joined the expedition. This team, accompanied later further downriver by Fay James
1096:
the German researcher Robert
Hermann Schomburgk (1804-1865) investigated the river Essequibo and followed its course to the south-west, while Sipu River flows to a westerly direction. He specified the coordinates of the source at 0°41`northern latitude, while not giving a longitude.
1058:
alleged that the
Russian and British judges on the tribunal had acted improperly and granted the lion's share of the disputed territory to Britain due to a political deal between Russia and the United Kingdom. As a result, Venezuela has revived its claim to the disputed territory.
1158:. After following the Ireng for a few tens of kilometers they hovered about 40 miles across the North Savannas of Guyana to the Rupununi River, which they followed to its confluence with the Essequibo River at Apoteri. The Essequibo was then traversed down to its mouth near
1048:
The
Independence war of Venezuela beginning in the 19th century ended the missionary settlements. At this time, Britain needed to have a colony, besides Trinidad, to serve the large trade sailboats on their large travel trading route around South America.
1268:(expedition leader), Ness Knight, Pip Stewart, Peiman Zekavat (film director), Jon Williams (cameraman), Nereus Chekema, Nigel Isaacs, Jackson (Elijah) Marawanaru, Aron Marawanaru, James Suse, Fay James, Romel Shoni, and Anthony Shushu.
1910:
Eigenmann, C. H.: "Reports on the expedition to
British Guiana of the Indiana University and the Carnegie Museum, 1908. Report no. 1. Some new genera and species of fishes from British Guiana". Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 6(1),
1437:
Colección de los viages y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los españoles desde fines del siglo XV: con varios documentos inéditos concernientes á la historia de la marina castellana y de los establecimientos españoles en
1944:
1536:
1802:
Robert Hermann Schomburgk's Reisen in Guiana und am Orinoko. Während der Jahre 1835-1839. Nach seinen Berichten und Mittheilungen an die geographische Gesellschaft in London
1045:
The Dutch deterred many attacks from the British, French and Spanish for nearly two centuries, though they would later cede their territory to the British in 1814.
1170:" with the episode "The Forbidden Route" broadcast in November 1971. The secondary purpose was to demonstrate the abilities of a new type of small hovercraft, the
1308:
1105:
In 1908 the German-American ichthyologist Carl H. Eigenmann traveled on river Essequibo and confluent Potaro. He described 336 fish species in these rivers.
1507:
1929:
174:
1079:
was released into the river causing much destruction. The spill was preceded by a smaller sodium cyanide spill in May that killed hundreds of fish.
1770:
1614:
1154:
is joined by the Rio Negro. They followed the Negro upstream to where it is joined by the Rio Ireng that forms the border between Brazil and
560:
Territory near the river is argued over by Venezuela and Guyana. The river is administered by Guyana after being previously colonized by the
1756:
Colección de los viages y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los españoles desde fines del siglo XV, 3: con varios documentos inéditos ...
1561:
1509:
Transboundary Waters: A Global Compendium (TWAP) - Water System Information Sheets: Southern America - Volume 6 - Annex C: Southern America
1951:
1817:
266:(Period: 1971–2000)5,136 m/s (181,400 cu ft/s) 5,650 m/s (200,000 cu ft/s) 178 km/a (5,600 m/s)
1540:
1892:
1888:
986:'s British expedition to Guiana, led a force inland along the banks of the Essequibo River, reaching what he wrongly believed to be
925:) and those of the Essequibo are connected, allowing a level of exchange in the aquatic fauna such as fish between the two systems.
635:
rivers. For over 30 kilometres (19 mi) from its mouth, the river's channel is divided by the large flat and fertile islands of
1659:"Mind the (information) gap: the importance of exploration and discovery for assessing conservation priorities for freshwater fish"
1924:
1055:
902:. This may be an underestimate of the true diversity, as parts of the basin are poorly known. For example, surveys of the upper
109:
1204:
958:
explored the mouths of the Orinoco and allegedly were the first Europeans to explore the Essequibo. Alonso de Ojeda called it
1738:
1699:
1520:
1350:
1003:
1315:
1207:(HTW Dresden). The expedition was only realizable with the support of the Guyanese government and the indigenous tribe of
1849:. Institute of Geological Sciences, Overseas Memoir No 4, 111 p. Tectonic-Geological and Geomorphological Maps. 1;500,000
1959:
1453:
1138:
CushionCraft CC7 hovercraft in North Savannas of Guyana during the filming of "The World About Us: The Forbidden Route".
564:. Historically, Venezuela has claimed the Essequibo River as their most eastern border, though in practice it was under
1026:
1007:
1754:
1222:
2248:
1415:
565:
557:
of 156,828 km (60,552 sq mi) and an average discharge of 5,650 m/s (200,000 cu ft/s).
1800:
1435:
1258:
people), then paddled the remaining distance to the mouth of the Essequibo where it meets the Atlantic Ocean.
1455:
El Páxaro en La liga: epistola gratulatoria al traductor de La liga de la teologia moderna con la filosofia
1657:
Karen M. Alofs; Elford A. Liverpool; Donald C. Taphorn; Calvin R. Bernard; Hernán López-Fernández (2013).
1725:
365:(Period: 1971–2000)2,316.8 m/s (81,820 cu ft/s) 2,832 m/s (100,000 cu ft/s)
1487:
Northern South America: Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, northern Brazil, and eastern Venezuela (NT0125)
1093:
659:
is located on the island, and was the seat of government of the country during the Dutch colonial era.
2275:
2236:
1937:
2270:
1967:
1656:
546:
1884:
656:
1871:
The World About Us: The Forbidden Route; BBC film archives; First broadcast November 21st, 1971
1323:"Verkenning effecten Versnelde zeespiegelstijging op dynamiek Westerschelde estuariene systeem"
1018:
was founded in 1616 and located in the region of the Essequibo River that later became part of
600:
is dotted with numerous small islands. It enters the Atlantic 21 kilometres (13 mi) from
1075:. An estimated 4 million cubic metres (140,000,000 cu ft) of waste laced with
577:
1322:
947:
8:
2183:
1730:
894:
The river has a very rich fauna. More than 300 fish species are known from the Essequibo
652:
648:
644:
580:
ecoregion. The average annual rainfall in the catchment area is 2,174 mm. There are many
1167:
1159:
1015:
907:
601:
1199:
Marion Pöllmann and Rainer Bergomaz (Blue Paw Artists). The responsible scientist for
549:, the Essequibo flows to the north for 1,014 km (630 mi) through forest and
2088:
2018:
1734:
1695:
1516:
1411:
1346:
911:
842:
464:
227:
156,828 km (60,552 sq mi) 158,232.7 km (61,094.0 sq mi)
1589:
2033:
1905:
El Esequivo, frontera de Venezuela. Documentos histĂłricos y experiencias personales
1832:
Berrangé, J. P. & Johnson, R. L. 1972. A guide to the Essequibo River, Guyana.
1778:
1670:
1171:
967:
951:
939:
542:
512:
95:
2133:
2103:
2098:
1485:
1405:
1340:
955:
778:
628:
520:
480:
2038:
1726:
The Statesman's Yearbook 2017: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World
1371:
2193:
2168:
2163:
2138:
2118:
2108:
2083:
2063:
2043:
2028:
1988:
1860:
Operation El Dorado - A geological mapping project in Southern Guyana 1966–1971
1244:
1240:
1208:
1200:
1019:
983:
979:
943:
903:
895:
826:
810:
794:
624:
620:
616:
589:
561:
554:
476:
472:
468:
439:
249:
160:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1134:
295:(80 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 154,175 km (59,527 sq mi)
2264:
2208:
2128:
2123:
2073:
2048:
2013:
1993:
1640:
1265:
1190:
636:
189:
176:
124:
111:
1469:
Ince, Basil. "The Venezuela-Guyana Boundary Dispute in the United Nations".
2213:
2198:
2178:
2173:
2153:
2148:
2113:
2008:
2003:
1359:
1151:
1011:
922:
918:
762:
746:
660:
632:
605:
596:) along the route of the Essequibo, and its 20-kilometre (12 mi) wide
593:
538:
488:
484:
914:
in 2013. At least 24 fish species are restricted to Mazaruni River alone.
2203:
2143:
2068:
2053:
2023:
1998:
1983:
1277:
1226:
The team at the furthest source of the Essequibo River aka the Sipu River
1071:
there was an acid spill in the river by the Canadian gold mining company
994:, continued the exploration of the Guiana coast and the Essequibo River.
987:
155:
2078:
1034:
1675:
1658:
1113:
2158:
1692:
Earth's Landscape: An Encyclopedia of the World's Geographic Features
1068:
1050:
1030:
585:
1390:
355:
Plantain Island (Basin size: 66,563 km (25,700 sq mi)
47:
2188:
1903:
Vegamián, FĂ©lix MarĂa de (Father, Order of Friars Minor Capuchin).
1123:
899:
640:
612:
32:
1816:
Eigenmann, C. H.; Calvert, Philip P.; Carriker, M.A. Jr. (1910).
1255:
1076:
1072:
597:
550:
534:
411:
292:
1615:"Sloth Island Nature Resort – one of Guyana's best kept secrets"
1182:
307:(Period: 1971–2000)5,043.9 m/s (178,120 cu ft/s)
2093:
1962:
1332:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1142:
On February 26, 1971, an expedition set off by hovercraft from
950:
in 1498. The Essequibo River is named after Esquivel. In 1499,
581:
530:
253:
66:
38:
1407:
GEOGRAFĂŤA FĂŤSICA DEL TERRITORIO EN RECLAMACIĂ“N GUYANA ESEQUIBA
1214:
329:(Period: 1965–1998)8,700 m/s (310,000 cu ft/s)
309:(Period: 1965–1998)4,100 m/s (140,000 cu ft/s)
1822:. Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute: Holland, W.J.
1644:. Freshwater Ecoregions of the World. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
1590:"A brief history of Dutch forts in Guyana History This Week"
1203:, geodesy and mapping was Prof. Dr. Martin Oczipka from the
1162:. The primary purpose of the expedition was filming for the
424:(Period: 1971–2000)617.6 m/s (21,810 cu ft/s)
319:(Period: 1965–1998)1,850 m/s (65,000 cu ft/s)
1880:
1163:
1815:
1689:
1025:
The Dutch colonists remained on friendly terms with the
643:, about 44 square kilometres (17 sq mi), and
414:(Basin size: 22,679.1 km (8,756.4 sq mi)
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1117:
Hauling canoe up the headwaters of the Essequibo River
305:(Period: 1979–2015)156.24 km/a (4,951 m/s)
1907:. Madrid: Talleres Tipográficos Raycar S. A., 1968.
1290:
1010:along the lower part of the Essequibo in 1615. The
647:, about 60 square kilometres (23 sq mi).
639:, about 28 square kilometres (11 sq mi),
1819:Annals of the Carnegie Museum Volume VI. 1909-1910
938:The first European discovery was by the ships of
604:, the capital city of Guyana. The river features
2262:
1483:
906:found 36–39 species (variation in number due to
1925:Aerial view of the mouth of the Esequibo River.
1805:. Leipzig: Otto Alfred Schomburgk. p. 317.
1484:Schipper, Jan; Teunissen, Pieter; Lim, Burton,
1250:GPS co-ordinates: N1° 24.5243' , W59° 16.5107'
1194:The Expedition team at the source of Sipu river
608:, Pot Falls, Kumaka Falls, and Waraputa Falls.
1458:(in French). en la oficina de Don Benito Cano.
1945:
1847:The geology of Southern Guyana, South America
1239:In 2018, with the support of the First Lady,
524:
1652:
1650:
1587:
1373:Guyana Mangrove-Seawall Engineering Guidance
1261:This expedition lasted a total of 10 weeks.
1029:peoples of the area, establishing riverside
1836:, Vol. 138, Part 1, pp 41-52, map 1:700,00.
1383:
1952:
1938:
1798:
1186:Leaving Gunns to the unexplored wilderness
385:8,010 m/s (283,000 cu ft/s)
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1690:Quinn, J.A.; S.L. Woodward, eds. (2015).
1674:
1647:
1562:"Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas"
1433:
1054:Mallet-Prevost of New York City law firm
990:. The next year Kemys, in command of the
1403:
1221:
1213:
1189:
1181:
1133:
1112:
1056:Curtis, Mallet-Prevost, Colt & Mosle
553:into the Atlantic Ocean. It has a total
1434:Navarrete, MartĂn Fernández de (1829).
663:is an eco-tourism island in the river.
2263:
1708:
1338:
1218:close to the source area of Sipu river
1211:settling in the very south of Guyana.
1205:University of Applied Sciences Dresden
375:145 m/s (5,100 cu ft/s)
1933:
1451:
671:The main tributaries from the mouth:
2243:
1505:
1429:
1427:
917:During floods the headwaters of the
533:, and the largest river between the
1799:Schomburgk, Robert Hermann (1841).
1771:"Cyanide spill taints water source"
1632:
52:Map of the Essequibo drainage basin
13:
1759:(in Spanish). Imprenta Real. 1829.
982:, serving as second-in-command of
14:
2287:
1915:
1733:. 28 February 2017. p. 566.
1452:Rojas, Juan Fernández de (1828).
1424:
611:Its many tributaries include the
2242:
2231:
2230:
1961:
1862:. Self published, 67 p., 2 maps.
1468:
1342:Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters
46:
31:
1874:
1865:
1852:
1839:
1826:
1809:
1792:
1763:
1747:
1683:
1607:
1581:
1554:
1529:
1499:
1477:
1410:. Fondo Editorial Humanidades.
1339:Likens, Gene E. (20 May 2010).
1062:
1040:
997:
973:
933:
1462:
1445:
1397:
1082:
910:), of which 13–25% still were
666:
168: • coordinates
103: • coordinates
1:
1283:
1243:, a group consisting of five
73:Physical characteristics
1694:. Vol. 1. p. 142.
1441:(in Spanish). Imprenta real.
571:
207: • elevation
142: • elevation
125:1.417237000°N 58.998299000°W
7:
2249:Rivers of Guyana on Commons
1663:Diversity and Distributions
1271:
1006:in Guyana was built by the
651:is off the eastern side of
576:The river runs through the
407: • location
351: • location
288: • location
245: • location
219:1,014 km (630 mi)
91: • location
10:
2292:
1404:Faustino, Morales (1999).
1094:Royal Geographical Society
1087:
928:
529:) is the largest river in
420: • average
381: • maximum
371: • minimum
361: • average
325: • maximum
315: • minimum
301: • average
262: • average
130:1.417237000; -58.998299000
2237:Rivers of Guyana Category
2226:
1979:
1975:
1638:Hales, J., and P. Petry:
733:
708:
495:
457:
449:
437:
432:
428:
418:
405:
397:
393:
389:
379:
369:
359:
349:
341:
337:
333:
323:
313:
299:
286:
278:
274:
270:
260:
243:
235:
231:
223:
215:
205:
166:
154:
150:
140:
101:
89:
81:
77:
72:
62:
57:
45:
30:
21:
1968:River systems and rivers
889:
497: • right
146:250 m (820 ft)
1234:
1177:
1129:
1108:
1100:
519:; originally called by
459: • left
37:The Essequibo River in
1858:Berrangé, J. P. 2015,
1845:Berrangé, J. P. 1977.
1309:"Atlantic North Coast"
1227:
1219:
1195:
1187:
1139:
1118:
898:, including almost 60
525:
516:
1569:naturalhistory.si.edu
1225:
1217:
1193:
1185:
1137:
1116:
578:Guianan moist forests
16:Major river in Guyana
1834:Geographical Journal
1619:Kaieteur News Online
948:Christopher Columbus
547:Brazil–Guyana border
211:0 ft (0 m)
1893:The express article
1885:Sidetracked article
1775:Santa Cruz Sentinel
1731:Springer Publishing
1067:In August 1995, at
1004:European settlement
433:Basin features
186: /
121: /
1881:Expedition website
1594:Land of Six People
1588:Lloyd Kandasammy.
1345:. Academic Press.
1228:
1220:
1209:Wai-Wai-Amerindian
1196:
1188:
1168:The World About Us
1140:
1126:river at Apoteri.
1119:
944:Don Diego Columbus
701:Average discharge
2258:
2257:
2222:
2221:
2089:Kassikaityu River
2019:Burro-Burro River
1889:The times article
1740:978-1-349-68398-7
1701:978-1-61069-445-2
1676:10.1111/ddi.12127
1522:978-92-807-3531-4
1506:UNEP (Jan 2016).
1471:Caribbean Studies
1352:978-0-12-381997-0
1092:Sponsored by the
887:
886:
505:
504:
2283:
2276:Rivers of Guyana
2246:
2245:
2234:
2233:
2034:Courantyne River
1977:
1976:
1966:
1965:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1931:
1930:
1923:
1896:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1856:
1850:
1843:
1837:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1779:Associated Press
1767:
1761:
1760:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1729:(153 ed.).
1721:
1706:
1705:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1654:
1645:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1566:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1539:. Archived from
1533:
1527:
1526:
1514:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1431:
1422:
1421:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1368:
1357:
1356:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1172:Cushioncraft CC7
952:Amerigo Vespucci
940:Juan de Esquivel
674:
673:
543:Acarai Mountains
541:. Rising in the
528:
498:
460:
442:
421:
408:
382:
372:
362:
352:
326:
316:
302:
289:
263:
246:
201:
200:
198:
197:
196:
191:
190:7.033°N 58.450°W
187:
184:
183:
182:
179:
143:
136:
135:
133:
132:
131:
126:
122:
119:
118:
117:
114:
104:
96:Acarai Mountains
92:
50:
35:
19:
18:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2271:Essequibo River
2261:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2218:
2134:Mahaicony River
2104:Kuribrong River
2099:Konawaruk River
2059:Essequibo River
1971:
1960:
1958:
1921:
1918:
1900:
1899:
1879:
1875:
1870:
1866:
1857:
1853:
1844:
1840:
1831:
1827:
1814:
1810:
1797:
1793:
1784:
1782:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1723:
1722:
1709:
1702:
1688:
1684:
1655:
1648:
1637:
1633:
1623:
1621:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1598:
1596:
1586:
1582:
1573:
1571:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1467:
1463:
1450:
1446:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1360:
1353:
1337:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1307:
1306:
1291:
1286:
1274:
1237:
1180:
1132:
1111:
1103:
1090:
1085:
1065:
1043:
1027:Native American
1000:
976:
956:Alonso de Ojeda
936:
931:
921:(a part of the
892:
669:
574:
521:Alonso de Ojeda
509:Essequibo River
496:
458:
445:Essequibo River
438:
419:
406:
380:
370:
360:
350:
324:
314:
300:
287:
261:
244:
208:
194:
192:
188:
185:
180:
177:
175:
173:
172:
169:
141:
129:
127:
123:
120:
116:58°59′53.8764″W
115:
112:
110:
108:
107:
102:
90:
53:
41:
26:
23:
22:Essequibo River
17:
12:
11:
5:
2289:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2240:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2194:Siparuni River
2191:
2189:Rupununi River
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2169:Pomeroon River
2166:
2164:Oronoque River
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2139:Mazaruni River
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2119:Kuyuwini River
2116:
2111:
2109:Kurupung River
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2084:Kamarang River
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2064:Haianari Creek
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2044:Demerara River
2041:
2036:
2031:
2029:Coeroeni River
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1989:Akaiwang River
1986:
1980:
1973:
1972:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1916:External links
1914:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1897:
1873:
1864:
1851:
1838:
1825:
1808:
1791:
1762:
1746:
1739:
1707:
1700:
1682:
1646:
1631:
1606:
1580:
1553:
1528:
1521:
1498:
1476:
1461:
1444:
1423:
1416:
1396:
1391:"River Basins"
1382:
1358:
1351:
1331:
1328:. 18 Jun 1998.
1314:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1264:Team members:
1241:Sandra Granger
1236:
1233:
1201:remote sensing
1179:
1176:
1131:
1128:
1110:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1064:
1061:
1042:
1039:
1020:British Guiana
999:
996:
984:Walter Raleigh
980:Lawrence Kemys
975:
972:
935:
932:
930:
927:
904:Mazaruni River
891:
888:
885:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
868:
865:
862:
859:
855:
854:
851:
848:
845:
839:
838:
835:
832:
829:
823:
822:
819:
816:
813:
807:
806:
803:
800:
797:
791:
790:
787:
784:
781:
775:
774:
771:
768:
765:
759:
758:
755:
752:
749:
743:
742:
739:
736:
734:
732:
728:
727:
722:
717:
712:
706:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
668:
665:
657:Fort Zeelandia
590:Kaieteur Falls
573:
570:
555:drainage basin
503:
502:
499:
493:
492:
461:
455:
454:
451:
447:
446:
443:
435:
434:
430:
429:
426:
425:
422:
416:
415:
409:
403:
402:
399:
395:
394:
391:
390:
387:
386:
383:
377:
376:
373:
367:
366:
363:
357:
356:
353:
347:
346:
343:
339:
338:
335:
334:
331:
330:
327:
321:
320:
317:
311:
310:
303:
297:
296:
290:
284:
283:
280:
276:
275:
272:
271:
268:
267:
264:
258:
257:
250:Atlantic Ocean
247:
241:
240:
237:
233:
232:
229:
228:
225:
221:
220:
217:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
195:7.033; -58.450
170:
167:
164:
163:
161:Atlantic Ocean
158:
152:
151:
148:
147:
144:
138:
137:
105:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
75:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2288:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2251:
2250:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2209:Wakapau River
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2129:Mahaica River
2127:
2125:
2124:Kwitaro River
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2074:Kaituma River
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:Ekereku River
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:Berbice River
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:Amacuro River
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1868:
1861:
1855:
1848:
1842:
1835:
1829:
1821:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1803:
1795:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1758:
1757:
1750:
1742:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1703:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1651:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1570:
1563:
1557:
1543:on 2012-02-18
1542:
1538:
1532:
1524:
1518:
1511:
1510:
1502:
1489:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1439:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1417:980-00-1617-1
1413:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1386:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1324:
1318:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1289:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1266:Laura Bingham
1262:
1259:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1184:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1125:
1115:
1106:
1098:
1095:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1060:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
995:
993:
989:
985:
981:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
926:
924:
920:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
882:
879:
876:
873:
871:
870:
866:
863:
860:
857:
856:
852:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
836:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
820:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
804:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
788:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
772:
769:
766:
764:
761:
760:
756:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
740:
737:
735:
730:
729:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
707:
704:
700:
698:
694:
692:
688:
686:
682:
680:
676:
675:
672:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
569:
567:
566:Dutch control
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
522:
518:
514:
510:
500:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
456:
452:
448:
444:
441:
436:
431:
427:
423:
417:
413:
410:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
378:
374:
368:
364:
358:
354:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
322:
318:
312:
308:
304:
298:
294:
291:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
259:
255:
251:
248:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
204:
199:
171:
165:
162:
159:
157:
153:
149:
145:
139:
134:
113:1°25′2.0532″N
106:
100:
97:
94:
88:
84:
80:
76:
71:
68:
65:
61:
56:
49:
44:
40:
34:
29:
20:
2247:
2235:
2214:Wenamu River
2199:Takutu River
2179:Puruni River
2174:Potaro River
2154:Moruka River
2149:Merume River
2114:Kutari River
2094:Koatse River
2058:
2039:CuyunĂ River
2009:Barima River
2004:Barama River
1922:(in Spanish)
1904:
1876:
1867:
1859:
1854:
1846:
1841:
1833:
1828:
1818:
1811:
1801:
1794:
1783:. Retrieved
1781:. 1995-08-23
1774:
1765:
1755:
1749:
1724:
1691:
1685:
1666:
1662:
1639:
1634:
1622:. Retrieved
1618:
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:
1583:
1572:. Retrieved
1568:
1556:
1545:. Retrieved
1541:the original
1531:
1508:
1501:
1491:, retrieved
1486:
1479:
1470:
1464:
1454:
1447:
1436:
1406:
1399:
1385:
1372:
1341:
1334:
1317:
1263:
1260:
1252:
1249:
1238:
1229:
1197:
1152:Amazon River
1141:
1120:
1104:
1091:
1066:
1063:20th century
1047:
1044:
1041:19th century
1033:and tobacco
1024:
1012:Dutch colony
1001:
998:17th century
991:
977:
974:16th century
963:
962:which means
959:
942:, deputy of
937:
934:15th century
923:Amazon basin
919:Branco River
916:
893:
724:
719:
714:
709:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
670:
661:Sloth Island
610:
606:Murrays Fall
594:Potaro River
575:
559:
517:RĂo Esequibo
508:
506:
440:River system
306:
256:(near mouth)
25:RĂo Esequibo
2204:Waini River
2144:Meamu River
2069:Ireng River
2054:Eping River
2024:Canje River
1999:Arnik River
1984:Abary River
1624:12 December
1599:26 November
1278:Rappu Falls
1083:Expeditions
1035:plantations
988:Lake Parime
964:Sweet River
960:"Rio Dulce"
912:undescribed
843:Kassikaityu
695:Basin size
667:Tributaries
653:Hogg Island
649:Fort Island
645:Hogg Island
465:Kassikaityu
450:Tributaries
193: /
128: /
2265:Categories
2184:Rewa River
2079:Kako River
1785:2020-12-19
1669:(1): 1–7.
1574:2021-01-01
1547:2012-01-20
1493:2017-04-03
1284:References
1160:Georgetown
1150:where the
1002:The first
685:tributary
679:tributary
615:, Potaro,
602:Georgetown
586:waterfalls
491:, Supenaam
224:Basin size
2159:Oko River
1970:of Guyana
1641:Essequibo
1537:"Natural"
1069:Omai mine
1051:Venezuela
1031:sugarcane
1016:Essequibo
946:, son of
818:23,684.3
779:Konawaruk
731:Supenaam
710:Essequibo
629:Konawaruk
572:Geography
545:near the
526:RĂo Dulce
481:Konawaruk
398:Discharge
342:Discharge
279:Discharge
236:Discharge
1272:See also
1166:series "
1124:Rupununi
978:In 1596
908:taxonomy
900:endemics
880:1,720.4
850:3,668.5
834:4,391.2
827:Kuyuwini
811:Rupununi
802:6,762.4
795:Siparuni
770:6,842.4
757:2,719.1
738:1,041.9
641:Wakenaam
625:Kuyuwini
621:Siparuni
617:Mazaruni
613:Rupununi
501:Chodikar
477:Siparuni
473:Rupununi
469:Kuyuwini
58:Location
1379:. 2022.
1256:Macushi
1245:Wai-wai
1088:1837-38
1077:cyanide
1073:Cambior
992:Darling
968:Spanish
929:History
754:85,209
720:156,828
689:Length
598:estuary
592:on the
588:(e.g.,
562:British
551:savanna
535:Orinoco
513:Spanish
463:Kamoa,
412:Apoteri
293:Bartica
181:58°27′W
63:Country
1737:
1698:
1519:
1438:Indias
1414:
1349:
1156:Guyana
1148:Brazil
1144:Manaus
864:923.1
858:Kamoa
853:109.1
837:123.4
821:537.7
805:256.3
786:873.5
763:Potaro
747:Cuyuni
703:(m/s)
683:Right
637:Leguan
633:Cuyuni
582:rapids
539:Amazon
531:Guyana
489:Cuyuni
485:Potaro
453:
401:
345:
282:
254:Guyana
239:
216:Length
178:7°02′N
85:
82:Source
67:Guyana
39:Guyana
1911:1909.
1565:(PDF)
1513:(PDF)
1377:(PDF)
1326:(PDF)
1008:Dutch
896:basin
890:Fauna
874:Sipu
867:27.4
789:57.1
741:31.6
725:5,600
715:1,014
697:(km)
691:(km)
677:Left
156:Mouth
1735:ISBN
1696:ISBN
1626:2021
1601:2021
1517:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1347:ISBN
1235:2018
1178:2013
1130:1971
1109:1969
1101:1908
954:and
831:185
815:315
799:127
773:521
767:255
751:618
631:and
584:and
537:and
507:The
1891:.
1671:doi
1164:BBC
1146:in
1014:of
966:in
883:51
877:57
861:69
847:95
783:97
2267::
1887:.
1883:.
1777:.
1773:.
1710:^
1667:20
1665:.
1661:.
1649:^
1617:.
1592:.
1567:.
1515:.
1426:^
1361:^
1292:^
1037:.
1022:.
970:.
655:.
627:,
623:,
619:,
568:.
523:;
515::
487:,
483:,
479:,
475:,
471:,
467:,
252:,
1953:e
1946:t
1939:v
1895:.
1788:.
1743:.
1704:.
1679:.
1673::
1628:.
1603:.
1577:.
1550:.
1525:.
1473:.
1420:.
1393:.
1355:.
1311:.
1254:(
511:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
