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art of roadside showmanship through thematic architectural design and elaborate signage that employed porcelain-enameled panels of steel and used a myriad of lamps and neon. The thematic and imaginative sign of the Wagon Wheel and its "B" movie ranch architecture served not only as a style statement of a particular time in motel history, but has served as a visual place marker along
Highway 101 for more than 50 years. On approaching the Wagon Wheel, the roadside traveler knew immediately "We are in Oxnard", as there was nothing like it anywhere else. In much the same way, the Madonna Inn and the Apple Farm notifies the traveler that one has nearly reached San Luis Obispo. These thematic roadside motels and hotels are the story of California's love of the automobile, written in their architecture and lending identity to the cities they occupy along the monotonous threads of numbing highway that string those cities and towns together throughout the state.
427:, a local non-profit preservation advocacy group filed suit in Ventura County Superior Court against the City of Oxnard, claiming that the City's approval of the Oxnard Village Specific Plan project violated the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). The project, as approved, requires the demolition of the Wagon Wheel Motel, restaurant, El Ranchito and bowling alley along with everything built on the 64-acre (26 ha) site. The Conservancy case argues that the project can be feasibly accomplished without demolition of the Wagon Wheel, and CEQA therefore does not allow the Class 1 impact. The lawsuit requested issuance of a peremptory writ ordering the City to set aside its approval of the project pending compliance with CEQA.
415:, a local preservation organization, commented at all the public meetings, and then filed an appeal to the Planning Commission decision certifying the EIR; claiming that there was no cause for a Statement of Overriding conditions that would allow the demolition. The Oxnard City Council voted for EIR certification at the appeal. The City Council Vote approving the Project came on January 27, 2009. In January 2009, the EIR was certified and the Project was approved by the Oxnard City Council, demolition was scheduled to begin as soon as documentary mitigations were completed.
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431:(CEQA) (Case: B220512 2nd District, Division 6.) On Wednesday December 15, 2010 a three judge panel at the California 2nd district Court of Appeal in Ventura heard arguments. They rendered a decision finding the CEQA process sufficient and affirming the Superior court decision on March 17, 2011. Demolition of the Wagon Wheel began a week later, and was completed in May 2011. The Wagon Wheel neon sign will be integrated into a small interpretive display about Martin V. Smith in the project.
411:
Wheel
Bowling Alley to their recommended landmark recommendation. In June 2008 the City of Oxnard began circulation of a Draft Environmental Impact Report (EIR) for the proposed development. The Oxnard City Council, voted that the Motel and buildings not be listed as an Oxnard City Landmark. Preservationists and architects from the community and as far away as Los Angeles were on hand at Planning Commission and City Council Meetings. The
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completed. The completed project will have over 200 units set aside for families that earn up to 110% of the area median income besides the original family apartments. A restored sign with stagecoach driver and galloping horses was placed over the entrance to a business facing Oxnard
Boulevard in 2023. The developer plans to restore the Wagon Wheel neon sign and integrate it in the development such as at the transit center.
25:
101:
464:. The site also included industrial buildings, a trailer park an ice skating rink, a former roller skating rink, a bowling alley and a shopping center, all of which were demolished for redevelopment as a development with retail, for sale residential, condos and two high-rise towers totaling 1500 residential units.
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1962. The building had planer wall surfaces, an over-scaled wing wall and plate glass windows; the bowling alley included a restaurant and banquet room and was an example of the type of reductive
Modernism that enjoyed great popularity in the mid-century. The bowling alley was known as Hoberg's after
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The project proponent hired a consultant to do a historic resource assessment in
November 2005 of the entire 64-acre (26 ha) property, including the Wagon Wheel Motel, Restaurant and Bowling Alley and all other buildings on site. The results of this assessment concluded that these structures did
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planted the seeds of motel identification with its debut of the "Official
Automobile Blue Book". In the 1950s, independent motel owners began competing with the cookie cutter Holiday Inns of the time with their gargantuan, green-and-yellow signage. Independents, such as the Wagon Wheel, developed the
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and restaurant were originally built on the side of
Highway 101 and Highway 101A (Alternate) in 1947. The office/restaurant complex incorporated a variety of roof lines, primarily low to medium pitched gables covered with wood shingles and punctuated by several decorative cupolas with weather vanes,
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waited until completion in 2014 of the first phase of the apartments that has five rent levels based on income and family size. Over 200 apartment units were finished in 2018. Five hundred condominium units were constructed next. By August 2022, 1,000 apartments, condominiums and townhouses had been
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of the neighborhood will include 1,500 housing units and 50,000-square-foot square feet of commercial space (4,600 m) where 450,000 square feet of old industrial buildings were demolished. The Wagon Wheel Family
Apartments, a 120-unit complex managed by the Cabrillo Economic Development Corp.,
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On March 26, 2007, the
Ventura County Cultural Heritage Board, acting as the Oxnard Cultural Heritage Board ruled on the Wagon Wheel. The Board concluded that the Wagon Wheel Motel, Restaurant, and El Ranchito Restaurant were historically significant on the local level because of their association
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and as an example of themed roadside architecture of the 1940s and 1950s. By unanimous vote, the seven-member board forwarded a recommendation of landmark designation for the motel buildings, office, and restaurant buildings, to the Oxnard City
Council. Then in June 2008 the board added the Wagon
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A Peer Review of the original historic assessment in the EIR concluded that the Wagon Wheel Motel did in fact meet criteria for landmark eligibility, so a second Peer Review was commissioned. Both the initial Peer Review by San Buenaventura Research Associates (of Santa Paula) and the second Peer
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The original Ventura County Superior Court case was presented July 10, 2009. The Judge sided with the city of Oxnard. The San Buenaventura Conservancy appealed the ruling and received a stay of demolition until the outcome of the appeal case: San Buenaventura Conservancy v. City of Oxnard et al.
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and neon lighting. A free-standing 12-unit, two-story motel addition was completed in 1953. One of the most recognizable features of the motel was the giant neon sign that included an animated stagecoach driver and galloping horses. The Wagon Wheel was alongside the
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Review by Applied Earthworks (of Fresno) contradicted the first assessment, and stated that the Wagon Wheel Motel, and Restaurant were eligible for landmark status, and in addition the El Ranchito restaurant and Wagon Wheel Bowling Alley may be eligible as well.
394:(CEQA) would not compel mitigations, however for some reason the report still listed significant mitigations. The mitigations proposed a memorial to Martin V. Smith in a coffee kiosk on-site, prominently displaying the iconic features of the Wagon Wheel, the
309:, which he relocated in the typical sweeping U shape of period motels. It was the pre-pool era so the rooms all faced a grassy play area with picnic tables. He transformed others into a restaurant and office with a western ranch style.
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The Wagon Wheel Motel and Restaurant were part of a 40-acre (16 ha) mid-century real estate development in north Oxnard called the Wagon Wheel Junction. Constructed in 1947, it was the first development by Oxnard developer
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During excavation of the site, Smith uncovered branding irons from the Hobson Brothers' feedlot operations in the area in the 1920s, and he used this as the basis for his western theme. He began with the repurposing of surplus
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its proprietor, Ed Hoberg. The building was in continuous operation as a bowling alley from 1953 until May 2015. Demolition of the building began in October, 2015 as part of the Wagon Wheel area redevelopment.
398:, a photo-documentary of the architectural qualities of the structures, and the creation a video and two 30 minute TV programs about Wagon Wheel Junction and Martin V. Smith to be run on local cable channels.
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In August 2009 FEMA released new flood maps for the Wagon Wheel Area, and it was noted that Wagon Wheel is directly across the street from a gap in the levee, and the new project would be in the flood zone.
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When Bud Smith shifted into semi-retirement in the mid 1990s, his company, Martin V. Smith and Associates was the biggest developer and landlord in Oxnard with some 4500 tenants and over 200 properties from
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Smith had 40 acres (16 ha) to develop, and the area soon had a bowling alley, shopping center, roller skating rink, industrial units, and a row of restaurants. These were all located on streets with
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and Oxnard Boulevard. The neighborhood was originally developed as an office, motel, and restaurant complex named Wagon Wheel Junction with a convenient roadside location near the historic community of
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names like Winchester Dr., Petticoat Lane, Saddle Ave., and Buckaroo Dr. His restaurant row included the Wagon Wheel Steakhouse, the El Ranchito and the Trade Winds Polynesian restaurant.
328:, with windows made from wagon wheels, and cowhide chairs in the restaurant. Along the highway real wagon wheels were placed in the median next to a rustic wooden sign that read:
235:, particularly during its heyday in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. The entire site was demolished in 2011 to begin the development of the community with 1,500 residential units. The
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in 1945 situated four miles (6 km) north of Oxnard and six miles (10 km) south of Ventura, it was prone to flooding. After its completion, it became mid-century a
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lamps from branding irons and spurs, and furnish the original rooms with rustic wood beds, chairs and lamps. The theme for the property was typical of the then popular
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367:. Rather than retire and vacate his office on the 21st story of the Financial Plaza tower, he divested himself of most of his properties, but he kept the Wagon Wheel.
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The Wagon Wheel Bowling Alley was a 32-lane bowling alley built in the Wagon Wheel Junction across the street from the Wagon Wheel Motel in 1953. Designed by the
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U.S. Highway 101 Improvement Project, Vineyard Avenue to Johnson Drive, Cities of Oxnard and San Buenaventura, Ventura County: Environmental Impact Statement
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was the first new building on the site. The units were first offered to the residents of the Wagon Wheel Trailer Lodge. The demolition of the
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The demolition of the Colonial House, in 1988, left the Wagon Wheel as the only remaining early example of Bud Smith's vision.
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Hadley, Scott, Ventura County Star Newspaper, "Affordable housing project moves forward at Wagon Wheel", February 17, 2010,
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Hadley, Scott, Ventura County Star Newspaper, "Oxnard Wagon Wheel Development to be taken up by council", January 27, 2009,
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Klampe, Michelle, Ventura County Star Newspaper, "Wagon Wheel developer presents proposals for area", March 13, 2008,
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Hadley, Scott, Ventura County Star Newspaper, "Judge Blocks Demolition of Wagon Wheel Buildings", October 31, 2009,
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Hadley, Scott, Ventura County Star Newspaper, "Final arguments presented in Wagon Wheel case", December 15, 2010
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Hadley, Scott, Ventura County Star Newspaper, "Judge Clears way for Wagon Wheel Demolition", November 17, 2009,
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and Restaurant was an example of American roadside architecture from the mid-century. The ranch-style office,
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not meet criteria for designation as a landmark. Since this first report found no significant resources, the
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Varela, Rob, Ventura County Star Newspaper, "Lease Agreement Keeps Wagon Wheel Bowl Open", March 3, 2008,
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Sanchez, Jose, Ventura County Star Newspaper, "Wagon Wheel Project Linked to Measure V", October 4, 2008,
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The Wagon Wheel Junction was a part of a fast disappearing piece of Americana architecture. In 1910, the
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Hadley, Scott, Ventura County Star Newspaper, "Teal Club project to be considered", October 12, 2009,
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Hadley, Scott, Ventura County Star Newspaper, "Wagon Wheel redevelopment approved", January 29, 2009,
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The Wagon Wheel's Office and Restaurant as viewed from the 101 freeway before being closed in 2005.
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The Wagon Wheel Restaurant closed in 2005. The Wagon Wheel Motel was closed in November 2006.
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shopping center located farther along Oxnard Boulevard on the other side of the 101 freeway.
929:"Close To 2,000 People Collect Applications for Wagon Wheel's Affordable Housing Apartments"
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Roadside Attractions: Cool Cafes, Souvenir Stands, Route 66 Relics, and Other Road Trip Fun
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In 1952 this 12 unit addition was built to keep up with demand at the popular Motel
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721:"Wagon Wheel development in north Oxnard exceeds 1,000 units. Here's what's next"
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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
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669:"Wagon Wheel development in Oxnard rolls toward completion with new apartments"
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Wagon Wheel included San Buenaventura Conservancy's 11 most endangered list,
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1260:. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 7, 19, 28, 58, 63, 66, 68, 70, 78, 79, 81.
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Here's Proof Outer Highway Increases Both Business and Property Values
475:, known for his mid-century supermarkets and racetracks including the
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1104:"Oxnard, Ca - Drought vs New Real Estate Development - Realty Times"
1045:"Historic Wagon Wheel Motel and Restaurant Demolished in Oxnard, Ca"
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1239:
Hoad, Patricia; et al. (Spring–Summer 2002). "Oxnard at 100".
817:
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at the northern edge of a 64-acre (26 ha) site between the
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Wagon Wheel information on San Buenaventura Conservancy website
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631:"Long-stalled Oxnard Wagon Wheel project starts down new path"
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1450:"Wagon Wheel Motel and Restaurant Closes Pending Demolition"
1313:
Bud' Smith Called 'Mr. Oxnard' but has feel for whole county
1308:, PC The Weekly Magazine of Ventura County, November 6, 1965
695:"Work Progressing on the Wagon Wheel Development, in Oxnard"
79:
Neighborhood of Oxnard in Ventura, California, United States
1501:
Plans for high-rises in Oxnard stand a chance, experts say
1402:
Economic Development Corp. of Oxnard (November 27, 2006).
1464:
San Buenaventura Conservancy Website (January 11, 2007).
1301:
California Highways and Public Works, July–August 1949.
547:"Demolition begins on Wagon Wheel Motel and Restaurant"
1737:
Chandler Vintage Museum of Transportation and Wildlife
1572:
Court Appeal Possible in Wagon Wheel Preservation Case
1334:
Plan to Demolish Motel Evokes Memories of Bygone Glory
651:"Camping, for days, for a chance at affordable living"
1447:
1404:"Development Wagon Wheel Hitches Up Towers in Oxnard"
1243:. Ventura County Museum of History & Art: 6–49.
581:"Oxnard's Esplanade Shopping Center sells for $ 90M"
273:. Before Smith purchased the land in unincorporated
1574:, VC Reporter Newspaper article, November 19, 2009,
1564:, VC Reporter Newspaper article, November 12, 2009,
1493:, VC Reporter Newspaper article, January 25, 2007,
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977:"Wagon Wheel changes will fix levee gap in Oxnard"
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773:"Wagon Wheel changes will fix levee gap in Oxnard"
105:The Wagon Wheel neon sign visible from Highway 101
1922:Demolished buildings and structures in California
16:Neighborhood in Oxnard, California, United States
1883:
1536:, VC Reporter Newspaper article, June 12, 2008,
1499:Levin, Charles, Ventura County Star Newspaper,
1479:Levin, Charles, Ventura County Star Newspaper,
1434:, VC Reporter Newspaper article, Dec 21, 2006,
1420:Cason, Colleen, Ventura County Star Newspaper,
1391:Levin, Charles, Ventura County Star Newspaper,
1367:Levin, Charles, Ventura County Star Newspaper,
1360:Levin, Charles, Ventura County Star Newspaper,
858:
797:
608:"Wagon Wheel, A New Destination for a Lifetime"
1897:Buildings and structures in Oxnard, California
1432:Considering the past, contemplating the future
1378:, VC Reporter Newspaper article, May 18, 2006
1353:Wolcott, Holly J., Ventura County Obituaries,
1121:Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (December 19, 2017).
994:Maulhardt, Jeffrey Wayne (December 19, 2017).
876:"Trying to keep Oxnard's Wagon Wheel in place"
832:
1617:
1320:Influential developer Martin 'Bud' Smith dies
959:"San Buenaventura Conservancy - action items"
1393:Landmark motel in Oxnard gets ready to close
540:
538:
227:became a popular stop for travelers between
1947:Neighborhoods in Ventura County, California
1917:Buildings and structures demolished in 2011
1448:Roadside Peek Website (December 31, 2006).
1327:Oxnard Calif.: A Bumper Crop of Development
1148:Butko, Brian; Butko, Sarah (July 3, 2007).
1067:"2017 Vent Multifamily Construction Report"
1624:
1610:
1147:
1369:Builder Daly pushing for Wagon Wheel plan
1350:, The Oxnard Press Courier, June 30, 1993
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239:is directly across Oxnard Boulevard with
65:Learn how and when to remove this message
1322:, Ventura County Star, November 20, 2001
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1192:"Oxnard Flood zone is likely to expand"
1055:from the original on December 14, 2021.
1033:from the original on December 14, 2021.
811:Griggs, Gregory W. (January 13, 2007).
606:Oakwood Communities (August 12, 2020).
544:
263:
246:
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1357:, Los Angeles Times, November 20, 2001
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1210:"Shedding light on Oxnard icon's fate"
1021:Ventura County Star (March 23, 2011).
810:
785:from the original on December 22, 2017
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747:"Iconic Wagon Wheel sign shines again"
744:
718:
692:
666:
628:
577:
1907:History of Ventura County, California
1657:Ocean View Elementary School District
1605:
1355:Oxnard Developer Martin V. Smith Dies
1343:, Los Angeles Times, February 8, 1991
1241:The Journal of Ventura County History
1207:
1101:
745:Varela, Brian J. (January 29, 2023).
1942:2011 disestablishments in California
1481:Old motel might be declared landmark
1362:Wagon Wheel plans include condos now
1238:
392:California Environmental Quality Act
18:
927:Gerckens, Kelsey (April 11, 2014).
839:Shepherd, Dirk (January 10, 2007).
719:Varela, Brian J. (August 9, 2022).
667:Hersko, Tyler (November 30, 2018).
629:Wenner, Gretchen (March 20, 2013).
578:Varela, Brian J. (April 18, 2024).
13:
1927:Roadside attractions in California
1864:St. John's Regional Medical Center
1336:, Los Angeles Times, July 14, 1998
1329:, The New York Times, May 25, 1986
1315:, Forecast Magazine, June 11, 1964
1275:Witzel, Michael K. (August 2000).
1231:
874:Chawkins, Steve (April 10, 2009).
813:"End of the trail for Wagon Wheel"
771:Wenner, Gretchen (July 29, 2015).
649:Wenner, Gretchen (April 17, 2014)
376:
14:
1958:
1937:1947 establishments in California
1912:Hotel buildings completed in 1947
1802:Henry T. Oxnard Historic District
1667:Oxnard Union High School District
1647:Oxnard Elementary School District
1585:
545:Clerici, Kevin (March 23, 2011).
383:Automobile Association of America
305:barracks purchased at auction in
1562:Wagon Wheel Headed Back To Court
1208:Cason, Colleen (July 20, 2019).
1180:. 2001 – via Google Books.
693:Hedman, Stefany (July 5, 2021).
99:
23:
1201:
1190:Hadley, Scott (August 7, 2009)
1184:
1168:
1141:
1114:
1095:
1059:
1037:
1023:"Wagon Wheel demolition begins"
1014:
987:
969:
951:
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764:
738:
335:BREAKFAST SERVICE DAY AND NIGHT
281:at the intersection of the 101
1422:Landmark's salad days are over
1348:Smith Pioneers Oxnard's Future
1256:Maulhardt, Jeffrey W. (2005).
712:
686:
660:
643:
622:
599:
571:
510:
1:
503:
1902:Defunct hotels in California
1781:2015 Oxnard train derailment
1592:Wagon Wheel Photos on Flickr
425:San Buenaventura Conservancy
413:San Buenaventura Conservancy
7:
1892:Motels in the United States
1672:Channel Islands High School
1441:September 27, 2007, at the
491:
316:set designer and carpenter
241:The Collection at RiverPark
10:
1963:
1932:Hotels established in 1947
1124:Legendary Locals of Oxnard
418:
1872:
1856:
1815:
1789:
1762:
1753:Naval Base Ventura County
1724:
1709:Colleges and universities
1708:
1639:
1385:October 17, 2006, at the
1341:Fearless Developer Growth
1164:– via Google Books.
1137:– via Google Books.
1010:– via Google Books.
462:Esplanade Shopping Center
237:Esplanade Shopping Center
191:
179:
167:
155:
145:
110:
98:
91:
84:
1874:This list is incomplete.
1748:Mullin Automotive Museum
618:– via PR Newswire.
477:Hollywood Park Racetrack
206:is a densely populated,
1848:Ventura County Railroad
1700:Santa Clara High School
1652:Hueneme School District
1526:March 18, 2008, at the
1376:Preemptive Preservation
408:Martin V. ("Bud") Smith
271:Martin V. ("Bud") Smith
214:at the intersection of
1823:Channel Islands Harbor
1491:Looking for a landmark
1127:. Arcadia Publishing.
1000:. Arcadia Publishing.
841:"Save the Wagon Wheel"
347:
297:
130:34.23917°N 119.18278°W
93:Neighborhood of Oxnard
1838:Oxnard Transit Center
1770:Oxnard strike of 1903
1424:, November 28, 2006,
439:Roadside architecture
423:On March 2, 2009 the
345:
337:SINGLE $ 3 DOUBLE $ 4
320:to design and create
295:
287:Pacific Coast Highway
1775:Murder of Larry King
1692:Rio Mesa High School
1687:Pacifica High School
1513:May 9, 2008, at the
1483:, January 23, 2007,
1466:"Wagon Wheel Update"
1395:, November 22, 2006,
1083:on December 22, 2017
939:on December 22, 2017
264:Wagon Wheel Junction
247:Modern redevelopment
208:planned neighborhood
197:Wagon Wheel Junction
135:34.23917; -119.18278
1743:McGrath State Beach
1732:Carnegie Art Museum
1677:Hueneme High School
1662:Rio School District
1534:Endangered Heritage
1214:Ventura County Star
1196:Ventura County Star
1154:. Stackpole Books.
981:Ventura County Star
778:Ventura County Star
751:Ventura County Star
725:Ventura County Star
673:Ventura County Star
655:Ventura County Star
636:Ventura County Star
586:Ventura County Star
552:Ventura County Star
279:roadside attraction
126: /
1828:Gold Coast Transit
1682:Oxnard High School
1633:Oxnard, California
1325:Kennedy Shawn G.,
1283:. MBI Publishing.
1279:The American Motel
1051:. March 24, 2011.
348:
298:
212:Oxnard, California
1879:
1878:
1489:Singer, Matthew,
1430:Singer, Matthew,
1374:Singer, Matthew,
1346:Reynolds, Helen,
1267:978-0-7385-2953-0
1102:Thorngren, Mark.
963:Sbconservancy.org
881:Los Angeles Times
559:on March 26, 2011
458:Santa Clara River
331:WAGON WHEEL MOTEL
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75:
74:
67:
1954:
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1503:, April 22, 2007
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1417:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1364:, March 16, 2006
1318:Mitchell, John,
1304:Martin, Don W.,
1297:Cook, Harry N.,
1294:
1282:
1271:
1258:Oxnard 1941-2004
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1076:. Archived from
1074:2.naicapital.com
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935:. Archived from
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111:Coordinates:
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32:This article
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943:December 19,
941:. Retrieved
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257:trailer park
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1807:Wagon Wheel
1471:January 12,
1412:January 12,
907:Google Maps
887:December 3,
845:VC Reporter
824:December 3,
527:December 7,
485:Los Angeles
471:architect,
454:101 freeway
365:Santa Maria
229:Los Angeles
204:Wagon Wheel
133: /
121:119°10′58″W
86:Wagon Wheel
1886:Categories
1857:Healthcare
1455:January 5,
1219:August 19,
730:August 19,
704:January 7,
614:August 17,
504:References
483:Studio in
479:, and the
318:Roy Beatty
162:California
118:34°14′21″N
55:March 2015
47:footnoting
1725:Landmarks
1407:(website)
1249:0042-3491
1087:April 24,
912:April 24,
850:April 24,
678:March 11,
591:April 21,
396:neon sign
361:Calabasas
353:wild west
314:Hollywood
312:He hired
193:Named for
1739:(former)
1524:Archived
1511:Archived
1439:Archived
1383:Archived
1053:Archived
1031:Archived
818:LA Times
783:Archived
756:April 7,
699:LA YIMBY
563:July 19,
522:Nextdoor
492:See also
460:and the
43:citation
1797:Colonia
1763:History
1640:Schools
1049:YouTube
1027:YouTube
419:Lawsuit
174:Ventura
147:Country
1777:(2008)
1287:
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1247:
1158:
1131:
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997:Oxnard
303:Seabee
221:El Rio
186:Oxnard
169:County
1081:(PDF)
1070:(PDF)
449:motel
445:Motel
406:with
157:State
1473:2007
1457:2007
1414:2007
1285:ISBN
1262:ISBN
1245:ISSN
1221:2022
1156:ISBN
1129:ISBN
1089:2018
1002:ISBN
945:2017
933:KEYT
914:2018
889:2017
852:2018
826:2017
791:2017
758:2023
732:2022
706:2023
680:2021
616:2021
593:2024
565:2011
529:2017
285:and
231:and
181:City
45:and
363:to
210:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
