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78:. It historically served as a major trade and transportation route between Syria and Arabia. From antiquity until the early 20th century, control of Wadi Sirhan was often contested by various Arab tribes. The valley is named after the Sirhan tribe which migrated there in the mid-17th century.
141:
province with the
Arabian Peninsula. Though its strategic value emanated from its role as a gateway for trans-Arabian trade and transportation, Wadi Sirhan was also a significant source of salt. At its northern end, it was guarded by the
277:, the precursors of modern-day Jordan and Saudi Arabia, respectively. The treaty resulted in most of Wadi Sirhan becoming part of Saudi Arabia, while Jordan retained the basin's northwestern corner around Azraq.
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reigon in Saudi (elevation 525 m) and runs 140 kilometers (87 mi) northeast into jordan, ending in the wells of Maybuʿ. Its breadth varies 5–18 kilometers (3.1–11.2 mi). According to the historian
258:, "We found the Sirhan not a valley, but a long fault draining the country on each side of it and collecting the waters into the successive depressions of its bed."
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235:
222:
Following the Muslim conquest in 634 CE, the basin became an often fought over frontier between the Banu Kalb and their distant kinsmen from the
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which is a Saudi tribe were the predominant
Bedouin tribe of Wadi Sirhan. The emir of the tribe, Nuri Shalan, was a signatory of the
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214:, a poet of the latter tribe passed through Wadi Sirhan to meet with Arethas to lobby for his brother's release from captivity.
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490:
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101:, which suggests a narrow passageway, might seem misapplied" to Wadi Sirhan, a "broad lowland". The Czech explorer
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People, Land and Water in the Arab Middle East: Environments and
Landscapes in the Bilad ash-Sham
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270:
181:. The Ghassanids were charged by the Byzantines with supervision over the region after Emperor
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431:
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at the beginning of the 6th century, Wadi Sirhan became dominated by the latter's allies, the
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launched a campaign against the Bazu and Khazu tribes in Wadi Sirhan in the 7th century BCE.
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8:
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248:. Before their migration, Wadi Sirhan was known as Wadi al-Azraq after the Azraq oasis.
189:, a series of garrisoned fortifications guarding the empire's eastern desert frontiers,
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The basin continued to serve as an important route during the Roman era, connecting the
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tribe, purported descendants of the Banu Kalb, to the Dumat al-Jandal region from the
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150:. At both forts inscriptions were found indicating the presence of troops from the
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Wadi Sirhan historically served as an important trade route between Arabia and
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throughout the 5th century CE. When the
Salihids were succeeded by the
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126:
485:. Washington, D. C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
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The lowland gained its current name following the migration of the
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Arethas passed through the depression on his way to defeating the
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27:
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Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth
Century, Volume 2, Part 2
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Wadi Sirhan is a wide, enclosed depression that starts in the
430:. Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc. pp.
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196:. The Ghassanids and the Kalb essentially supplanted the
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described it as a "sandy, marshy lowland" with scattered
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146:, while its southern end was guarded by the fortress of
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449:Lancaster, William; Lancaster, Fidelity (1999).
161:Wadi Sirhan was the home region from which the
58:; translation: "Valley of Sirhan") is a wide
23:Location of Wadi Sirhan (indicated in Arabic)
165:entered Syria and became the principal Arab
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409:
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523:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
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31:Road sign for Wadi Sirhan in Saudi Arabia
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26:
18:
580:
478:
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531:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 673.
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474:. Miami: University of Miami Press.
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13:
472:A History of Jordan and its Tribes
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254:referred to the Wadi, during the
16:Valley in Jordan and Saudi Arabia
455:. Harwood Academic Publishers.
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306:Lancaster & Lancaster 1999
261:By the late 19th century, the
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470:Peake Pasha, F. G. (1958).
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614:
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133:Roman and Byzantine eras
593:Valleys of Saudi Arabia
500:van Donzel, E. (1997).
426:Seven Pillars of Wisdom
422:Lawrence, T.E. (1935).
287:Al Harrah, Saudi Arabia
479:Shahid, Irfan (2009).
271:Emirate of Transjordan
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24:
598:Depressions of Jordan
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62:in the northwestern
564:31.0000°N 37.7500°E
560: /
400:, pp. 219–220.
156:Legio III Cyrenaica
74:northwestward into
66:. It runs from the
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25:
538:978-90-04-10422-8
492:978-0-88402-347-0
275:Sultanate of Nejd
218:Early Islamic era
144:fortress of Azraq
64:Arabian Peninsula
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514:Heinrichs, W. P.
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386:van Donzel 1997
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323:van Donzel 1997
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267:Hadda Agreement
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185:dismantled the
148:Dumat al-Jandal
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44:وَادِي سِرْحَان
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510:van Donzel, E.
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187:Limes Arabicus
139:Arabia Petraea
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269:between the
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224:Banu al-Qayn
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210:. Likewise,
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96:
95:, "the term
93:Irfan Shahid
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72:Saudi Arabia
35:
34:
588:Wadi Sirhan
567: /
518:Lecomte, G.
367:Shahid 2009
350:Shahid 2009
256:Arab Revolt
246: 1650
183:Justinian I
103:Alois Musil
55:Wādī Sirḥān
36:Wadi Sirhan
582:Categories
555:37°45′00″E
552:31°00′00″N
527:Volume IX:
293:References
230:Modern era
208:Banu Tamim
194: 530
175:Ghassanids
127:Esarhaddon
60:depression
179:Banu Kalb
167:federates
82:Geography
70:Oasis in
49:romanized
520:(eds.).
502:"Sirhan"
281:See also
273:and the
204:phylarch
163:Salihids
123:Assyrian
107:hillocks
529:San–Sze
263:Ruwalla
169:of the
154:-based
113:History
51::
535:
516:&
489:
459:
240:Hauran
236:Sirhan
212:Alqama
121:. The
88:aljouf
76:Jordan
68:Aljouf
40:Arabic
504:. In
199:limes
152:Bosra
125:king
119:Syria
533:ISBN
487:ISBN
457:ISBN
98:wādī
432:258
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525:.
512:;
508:;
374:^
357:^
330:^
313:^
243:c.
226:.
191:c.
158:.
109:.
46:,
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495:.
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38:(
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