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Svenska AB in 1987, organized by its founder Lars Olof
Kanngard. The tech team in Voicemail Svenska AB was granted the right to port the Voicemail from PDP systems to their own PC-board solution, which become known as the MiniVoice, later become ESSELTE VOICE AB. The VMA invited service providers, vendors and consultants to attend semi-annual conferences that included presentations, discussions and reporting of experiences. VMA membership was eventually expanded to include representatives from telecommunication organizations worldwide and became "The International Voice-mail Association". By the late 1980s, the Bell Operating companies, Tigon and other independent service providers in the US had joined the VMA. In 1992, VMA members conducted an "Information Week Tour of the U.S.", sharing ideas with major telecom operators. VMA working groups promoted collaboration and adoption of industry standards to the ITU and CCITT and at the 1999 CCITT conference in Geneva, Switzerland, demonstrated worldwide exchange of messages between the major voicemail vendors' platforms using the VPIM networking standard. Beusch and Finnigan led the VMA until 1998 and 1999 respectively and the organization continues to serve the voice services industry today.
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utilized voice recognition (rather than touch tone) to capture caller responses. Voice recognition technology had great difficulty with regional and ethnic differences and nuances which resulted in a high incidence of error. VRI discovered that hesitation (delayed response) signaled caller confusion or misunderstanding which often resulted in an inaccurate response. VRI developed proprietary techniques that measured user response times and used the data to make real-time changes to the application's dialog with the caller. VRI found that the confidence level of a "suspect" caller response could be increased by asking "Did you say (Chicago), Yes or No", a standard question heard in order taking or reservation making IVR applications today. VRI pioneering applications, including subscription fulfillment for
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was applied for by
Kolodny and Hughes in 1975, prior to the patent applications of both Elkins and Matthews and was issued in 1981 (US patent 4,260,854). The patent was assigned to Sudbury Systems of Sudbury Massachusetts who proceeded to market and sell such systems to corporations and hospitals. IBM, Sony and Lanier, as well as several smaller makers of voicemail systems, licensed the Sudbury patent for their voicemail systems. A patent suit, brought by Pitney Bowes, claiming prior art to the Sudbury patent, was denied by the US District Court, District of Connecticut on November 8, 2000. A similar suit brought byVDI Technologies against the Kolodny and Hughes patent claiming prior art was dismissed by the US District Court in New Hampshire on December 19, 1991.
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573:. The problem this solved was that emerging countries did not have many telephones. Wiring for telephones was very expensive, and many poorer citizens did not have homes to wire. The economies of emerging countries were held back partly because people could not communicate beyond the area where they could walk or ride a bicycle. Giving them phones was one way to help their economies, but there was not a practical way to do it. In some countries, the wait for a phone was several years and the cost was in the thousands of dollars. Cellular phones were not an option at the time because they were extremely expensive (thousands of dollars per handset) and the infrastructure to install cell sites was also costly.
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secretaries, real-time phone communications were hampered by callers being unable to reach people. Some early studies showed that only 1 in 4 phone calls resulted in a completed call and half the calls were one-way in nature (that is, they did not require a conversation). This happened because people were either not at work (due to time zone differences, being away on business, etc.), or if they were at work, they were on the phone, away from their desks in meetings, on breaks, etc. This bottleneck hindered the effectiveness of business activities and decreased both individual and group productivity. It also wasted the caller's time and created delays in resolving time-critical issues.
1318:"Toward Competitive Provision of Public Record Message Services", ETIP (Experimental Technology Incentives Program), National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC, October, 1981; "domestic Public Message Services", FCC publication 71FCC 2d 471; "Telecommunications Competition and Deregulation Act of 1981" (FCC Computer Inquiry II), Docket 20828, December 30, 1980; "Denial of AT&T Petition for Waiver of Section 64.702 of the Commission Rules and Regulations", October 7, 1981, Federal Communications Reports 88FCC 2d.
242:". A message center or "message desk" was a centralized, manual answering service inside a company staffed by a few operators who answered all incoming phone calls. Extensions that were busy or rang "no answer" would forward to the message center using a device called a "call director". The call director had a button for each extension in the company which would flash when that person's extension forwarded to the message center. A little label next to the button told the operator the person being called.
483:, a variety of companies popped up to market add-in boards to the AT. These companies aimed to use the PC as an inexpensive hardware platform for hosting add-in boards and software providing voice mail functionality for small businesses that wanted something more sophisticated than an answering machine but could not afford pricey conventional voice mail solutions. Among these was The Complete PC, founded in 1986 in Silicon Valley. The Complete PC was sold to publicly-listed Florida-based
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580:. If someone called the phone number, it never rang on an actual phone, but would be routed immediately to a central voicemail system. The voicemail system answered the call and the caller could leave a long, detailed message. As soon as the message was received, the voicemail system would trigger the citizen's pager. When the page was received, the citizen would find a pay phone and call in to pick up the message. This concept was used successfully in
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of the world's largest corporations, either. But once he patented his system, he figured he should protect it." Later, Elkins successfully licensed his patented technology to IBM, DEC, and WANG, among many others. Unfortunately, his patent did not address simultaneity of voice message access and storage and the application for patent was filed after the patent application of the system patented by
Kolodny and Hughes, as described below.
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604:. Today, it is not only fostering the use of speech user interfaces for message management, but increasing the demand for retrieval of voice messages integrated with email. It also enables people to reply to both voice and email messages in voice rather than text. New services, such as GotVoice, SpinVox and YouMail, are helping to blur the boundaries between voicemail and text by delivering voicemails to mobile phones as
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1305:"Voice Store and Forward for the Automated Office", a presentation by Lawrence E. Bergeron, Dennis B. Howell and Dean Osborne, Wang Laboratories, Inc., Lowell, Mass., transcribed in "Computer Controlled Voice Message Systems and the Office of the Future", Professional Program Session Record (10), Wescon/81, Electronic Show and Convention, September 15–17 September 1981, section 2, pp. 1–8.
383:, was well featured for voice messaging, the result of IBM's considerable human-factors research plus observation of operational use. Using a 1980s computer requiring air conditioning, it was expensive and physically large. With further development it grew to handle up to 3000 users, 100 hours of messages, multiple languages, message notification to a host computer, and 16 simultaneous users.
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were not familiar with employees' names and "buzzwords" and how to spell or pronounce them. Messages were scribbled on pink slips and distributed by the internal mail system and messages, often arrived at people's desks after lengthy delays, contained little content other than the caller's name and number, and were often inaccurate, with misspelled names and wrong phone numbers.
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conversion devices had emerged and paging companies began handling client messages electronically. Operators recorded a short message (five to six seconds, e.g. "please call Mr. Smith") and the messages were delivered automatically when the client called the answering service. It would only take a short step for the first voicemail application to be born.
287:, a simple "pager" or "beeper" introduced in 1974 that was generally offered in conjunction with answering services that handled busy / no-answer overloads and after hours calls for businesses and professionals. Operators wrote down a caller's message, sent a page alert or "beep" and when the party called back, an operator dictated the message.
680:, which is now likely to catch on widely. The flexibility, manageability, lower costs, reliability, speed, and user convenience for messaging convergence is now possible where it was not before. This might include intra- and inter-enterprise contacts, mobile contacts, proactive application information delivery, and customer contact applications.
742:, one of the pioneer adopters of voicemail in all of its offices around the world, claimed that voicemail saved, on average, over US$ 1,100 per year per employee. Needless to say, the ability to tell someone something without talking to them, can be a powerful reason to choose voicemail for delivery of a particular message.
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voicemail from their email inbox and hear the message through their PC or a phone next to their desk. Voice messages could be sent using email or telephone addressing schemes, and the data networking infrastructure was used to send messages between locations rather than the public switched telephone network.
275:. In an article outlining his own ideas of the future usefulness of his machine Edison's list began with "Letter writing, and all kinds of dictation without the aid of a stenographer." In other words, "voice messages" or "Voice-mail". By 1914, Edison's phonograph business included a dictating machine (the
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Tape-based telephone answering machines had come into the residential telephone market, but they were not used much in the corporate environment due to physical limitations of the technology. One answering machine was needed for each telephone; messages could not be recorded if the user was using the
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VoIP telephony enables centralized, shared servers, with remote administration and usage management for corporate (enterprise) customers. In the past, carriers lost this business because it was far too expensive and inflexible to have remote managed facilities by the phone company. With VoIP, remote
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One of the first modern day voicemail applications was invented by Gerald M. Kolodny and Paul Hughes, which was described in an article in the medical journal, Radiology (Kolodny GM, Cohen HI, Kalisky A. Rapid-access system for radiology reports: a new concept. Radiology. 1974;111(3):717–9) A patent
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of voicemail, patent number 4,124,773 (Audio
Storage and Distribution System), is Robin Elkins. "Though Elkins received a patent in 1978, telecommunications giants began offering voicemail without paying Elkins a penny in royalties." "Elkins never expected to spend 10 years of his life battling some
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While it was an improvement over basic multi-line systems, the message center had many disadvantages. Many calls would come in simultaneously at peak periods, such as lunch time, and operators were often busy. This left message attendants with little time to take each message accurately. Often, they
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telecommunications, including IP-PBX and voicemail services. Because of the convergence of wired and wireless communications, such services may also include support of a variety of multi-modal handheld and desktop end user devices. This service, when offered for multiple extensions or phone numbers
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AT&T developed a system called 1A Voice
Storage System to support custom services including voicemail for the public telephone system. It worked in conjunction with the companies 1A ESS and 5ESS systems. Development started in mid-1976, with first deployment in early 1979. Friendly user service
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United States of
America (Plaintiff) v. Western Electric Company, Inc., et al. (Defendants). Civil action no. 82–0192, Section VII pp. 51–65: "The judge on review considers the threat to possible competition in the voice-mail and storage business to be less real than the opportunities lost to
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In the US, the Bell
Operating Companies and their cellular divisions had been prohibited by the FCC from offering voicemail and other enhanced services such as paging and telephone answering services (no such prohibition existed in foreign countries). A ruling by Judge Harold H. Greene on March 7,
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called ECS Communications (the name was later changed to VMX, for Voice
Message exchange). VMX developed a 3000-user voice messaging system called the VMX/64. Matthews, a prolific entrepreneur and patentor, applied for and was granted a patent on voicemail (patent number 4,371,752) which issued in
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Computer manufacturers, telephone equipment manufacturers, and software firms began developing more sophisticated solutions as more powerful and less expensive computer processors and storage devices became available. This set the stage for a creation of a broad spectrum of computer based
Central
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In the 1970s and early 1980s, the cost of long-distance calling decreased and more business communications were conducted by telephone. As corporations grew and labor rates increased, the ratio of secretaries to employees decreased. With more communication by phone, multiple time zones, and fewer
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By the year 2000, voicemail had become a ubiquitous feature on phone systems serving companies, cellular and residential subscribers. Cellular and residential voicemail continue today in their previous form, primarily simple telephone answering. Email became the prevalent messaging system, email
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In 1987, voicemail service providers in the US and Europe joined to form the Voice Mail
Association of Europe (VMA) with René Beusch, Radio-Suisse and Paul Finnigan, Finnigan USA serving as VMA Chairman and President respectively. The first VMA meeting was held in Stockholm Huddinge by Voicemail
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message. Most systems use phone networks, either cellular- or landline-based, as the conduit for all of these functions. Some systems may use multiple telecommunications methods, permitting recipients and callers to retrieve or leave messages through multiple methods such as PCs or smartphones.
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Unified Messaging allowed users to access voicemail and email messages using either the graphical user interface (GUI) on their PC, or using the telephone user interface (TUI). For voicemail, they'd see the "header information" (sender, date sent, size, and subject). Users could double-click a
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In 1985, Voice Response Inc. (formerly Call-It Co) a subsidiary of Lee Enterprises, Davenport IA, entered the fast-growing Interactive Voice (IVR) response market under the direction of Bob Ross, President. About a year later, VRI introduced one of the first "successful" IVR applications that
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operators could transmit a voice message directly to the pager and the user could hear the message. However, messages arrival was often untimely and privacy issues, as well as the high cost, eventually caused the demise of these services. By the mid 1970s digital storage and analog to digital
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Voicemail systems are designed to convey a caller's recorded audio message to a recipient. To do so they contain a user interface to select, play, and manage messages; a delivery method to either play or otherwise deliver the message; and a notification ability to inform the user of a waiting
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had announced the invention of his "phonograph" saying "the object was to record telephone messages and transmit them again by telephone." Edison applied for a US patent in December 1877 and shortly thereafter demonstrated the machine to publishers, the US Congress and President
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that picked up and coming calls directly from the telephone company. Delphi presented the concept publicly to the association of Telephone Answering Services around 1973 and the prototype system was launched in San Francisco in 1976 by a Delphi company called VoiceBank. A
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magazines, proved faster and less expensive than call centers using live operators and although VRI did not survive, their voice recognition processes became industry standards and VRI's patent USPTO – patent RE34,587 was eventually licensed by Intel/Dialogic and Nuance.
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For nearly one hundred years, there were few innovations or advances in telephone services. Voicemail was the result of innovations in telephone products and services made possible by developments in computer technology during the 1970s. These innovations began with the
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Voicemail's introduction enabled people to leave lengthy, secure and detailed messages in natural voice, working hand-in-hand with corporate phone systems. The adoption of voicemail in corporations improved the flow of communications and saved huge amounts of money.
1295:"Human Factors Challenges In Creating A Principal Support Office System: The Speech Filing System Approach", by John D. Gould and Stephen J. Boies, IBM Tomas J. Watson Research Center, as quoted in a paper presented to the Association for Computing Machinery. See
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were quick to address the BOC and PTT marketplace. Octel, who had high capacity systems in use internally by all seven Regional Bell Operating companies, launched a new generation of its large system specifically designed for carriers and was compliant with
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Voicemail can be used for personal calls and more complex systems exist for companies and services to handle customer requests. The term is also used more broadly to denote any system of conveying stored telecommunications voice messages, including using an
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interface. Simpler voicemail systems may play the audio message through the phone, while more advanced systems may have alternative delivery methods, including email or text message delivery, message transfer and forwarding options, and multiple mailboxes.
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VMX asserted infringement first with IBM, AT&T and then Wang, but all three companies reportedly would have been able to invalidate the patent on the basis of prior art and their licenses from Sudbury Systems Inc, for their Kolodny and Hughes patent.
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GSM (Global System for Mobile Carriers) is one of the various cellular technologies which include TDMA, CDMA, iDEN and others. GSM is currently the technology used by Cingular in the US and is the prevalent technology in over 100 countries around the
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and contact recipient "availability" status to exchange real-time messages, as well as personalized "Buddy list" directories to allow only people you knew to find out your status and initiate a real-time text messaging exchange with you. Presence and
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More advanced systems may be integrated with a company's PABX, with a call center ACD for automatic call distribution; with mobile or paging terminals for message alert; and computer systems/data bases for delivering information or processing orders.
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The opportunity created by the Greene decision, plus Voicemail International's abandonment of its market lead for carrier-grade systems, created a new opportunity for competing manufacturers and those who had been focusing on the corporate market.
109:. Notification methods also vary based on the voicemail system. Simple systems may not provide active notification at all, instead requiring the recipient to check with the system, while others may provide an indication that messages are waiting.
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as enterprises migrate towards converging IP-based telecommunications. A similar situation exists for the carrier market for voicemail servers, currently dominated by Comverse Technology, with some share still held by Lucent Technologies.
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for automated voice services employing a telephone. Voicemail popularity continues today with Internet telephone services such as Skype, Google Voice and ATT that integrate voice, voicemail and text services for tablets and smartphones.
1308:"Octel Emerges as Rising Star in Voice Messaging Systems", Peninsula Times Tribune, November 7, 1988, page C-1; "Investors Waking Up to Octel's Leadership", Investor's Daily, February 17, 1989; "Octel's Stock Gamble Has Paid Off",
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solutions that began emerging in the 1980s. However, broad adoption of these products and services would depend on the global proliferation of touch tone phones and mobile phone services which would not occur until the late 1980s.
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was applied for and issued for Delphi's Automated Telephone Voice Service System. The patent, US Patent No. 4,625,081, was issued after Delphi's closure, but Delphi's assets (and the patent) were transferred to another
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254:—the name for corporate phone systems) used proprietary digital phone sets in order to increase the functionality and value of the PBX. These phone sets were, by design, incompatible with answering machines.
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was coined by Televoice International (later Voicemail International, or VMI) for their introduction of the first US-wide Voicemail service in 1980. Although VMI trademarked the term, it eventually became a
1282:"Toward Competitive Provision of Public Record Message Services", Experimental Technology Incentives Program, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC. Publication NBX-GCR-ETIP-81-97 October, 1991.
117:(IVR) systems may use digital information stored in a corporate data base to select pre-recorded words and phrases stored in a voicemail vocabulary to form sentences that are delivered to the caller.
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has since evolved into more than short text messages, but now can include the exchange of data files (documents, pictures) and the escalation of the contact into a voice conversational connection.
547:. Unified Messaging had been invented by Roberta Cohen, Kenneth Huber and Deborah Mill at AT&T Bell Labs. The patent for Unified Messaging was received in June 1989 (Patent number 4,837,798).
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phone; messages had to be retrieved in sequential order; and messages could not be retrieved remotely, selectively discarded, saved, or forwarded to others. Further, the manufacturers of PBXs (
1273:"A Reactive Telephone Message Network for the Office of the Future", Business Communications Review, July-Aug 1980; "Voice Mail Arrives in the Office", Business Week, June 9, 1980, p. 81.
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started in March 1980. The service was terminated in 1981 as a result of the US FCC Computer Inquiry II, which prohibited enhanced services from being provided by the regulated network.
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February 1983. The patent was promoted as the pioneering patent for voicemail. However, the patent application was filed on November 26, 1979, five years after, and issued in 1983.
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that predated computer screens and mobile phones. The first operational prototypes were used by 750 IBM executives mainly in the US for their daily work. Those prototypes ran on an
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application developed in 1996 as a public Internet-based free text "chat" service for consumers, but soon was being used by business people as well. It introduced the concept of
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1988, removed this barrier and allowed the BOCs to offer voicemail service, however, they were not allowed to design or manufacture equipment used to provide voicemail services.
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Call forwarding typically comes in the three main variations...Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU)...Call Forwarding on Busy (CFB)... Call Forwarding on No Answer (CFNA)
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The next development in messaging was in making text messaging real-time, rather than just asynchronous store-and-forward delivery into a mailbox. Although in the 1980s
53:. Calls may be diverted to voicemail manually or automatically. The caller is prompted to leave a message and the recipient can retrieve the message at a later time.
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887:"About this Collection | Inventing Entertainment: The Early Motion Pictures and Sound Recordings of the Edison Companies | Digital Collections | Library of Congress"
912:"The Legal Battles Over Voice Messaging: A young inventor from Florida says the technology is his. So does a small company in Texas. Both have sued to protect it"
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administration is far more economical. This technology has re-opened opportunities for carriers to offer hosted, shared services for all forms of converged
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Another company, Delphi Communications of California, deserves some partial credit for invention of voicemail. Delphi developed a proprietary system called
1302:"IBM Audio Distribution System Subscriber's Guide" and "IBM Audio Distribution System, Administrator's Guide". IBM Publications SC34-0400-3 and SC34-0400-1
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The increase in wireless mobility, originally through cellular services and today through IP-based Wi-Fi, was also a driver for messaging convergence with
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With virtual telephony, each person could be given a phone number (just the number, not the phone) and a voice mailbox. The citizen would also be given a
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1285:"Speech Filing System Reference Manual", 1975, by J. W. Schoonard and S. J. Boies, IBM Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598.
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computer. In September 1981 IBM started marketing ADS in America and Europe: the first customer installation was completed in February 1982.
49:) is a computer-based system that allows callers to leave a recorded message when the recipient has been unable or unwilling to answer the
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The first public records describing voice recording were reported in a New York newspaper and the Scientific American in November 1877.
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claimed that voicemail was in decline. The report said that the number of voicemail messages declined eight percent compared to 2011.
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279:) and the "Telescribe", a machine combining the phonograph and the telephone, which recorded both sides of telephone conversations.
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154:. They became popular in the early 1980s when they were made available on PC-based boards. In September 2012 a report from
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the public welfare by these services not being broadly available. Hence, the BOCs should be able to provide voice-mail."
1276:"The Case for Voice Mail: Confirmed." GE Corporate Telecommunications publication, May 1989, Constance C. Kelly, editor.
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servers and software became quite reliable, and virtually all office workers were equipped with multimedia desktop PCs.
569:". Virtual Telephony, developed by Octel, used voicemail to provide phone service rapidly in emerging countries without
711:, and AVST. Their marketing strategy will have to address the need to support a variety of legacy PBXs as well as new
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1288:"How to Shoulder Aside the Titans", Gene Bylinsky, Fortune, May 18, 1992; "Octel Keeps Bringing You Voice Mail",
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Office and Customer Premises Equipment that would eventually support enhanced voice solutions such as voicemail,
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1332:, February 1, 1996. "Octel's Robert Cohn: CEO of Voice-Messaging Firm Puts Premium on Speed", by Kathleen Doler.
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standards", the tight standard required by phone companies for any equipment located in their central offices.
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company, Gilbarco, which made equipment for gas pumps at filling stations. Gilbarco is now owned by GEC in the
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E. Nussbaum (1982). "1A Voice Storage System: Voice Storage in the Network - Perspective and History".
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Many contributed to the creation of the modern-day voicemail. Legal battles ensued for decades. The
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and the way voicemail systems integrated with them. This, in turn, facilitated a new generation of
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The conventional solution to efficient handling of telephone communication in businesses was the "
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Gates, G. W.; Kranzmann, R. F.; Whitehead, L. D. (1982). "1A Voice Storage System: Software".
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1315:"All Your Messages in One Place", Michael H. Martin, Fortune, May 12, 1997, p. 172.
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Other interesting markets developed from the carrier market including a concept called "
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Almost all modern voicemail systems use digital storage and are typically stored on
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as the user interface. More complicated systems may use other input devices such as
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Eight editions of IBM UK's "Talking lines" magazine with a print run of over 10,000
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133:, which were historically popular for use in voicemail recording before the 2000s)
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ADS could be connected to exchange lines and private exchanges including the
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voice-messaging application, the Speech Filing System, was developed at the
1247:"Customers Attest to the Value of Flexible Independent Messaging Solutions"
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631:"presence management" or being able to detect device connectivity to the
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IBM UK 1980s publicity material researched and written by Duncan Ogilvie
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660:(VoIP—voice being transmitted over the internet) and the development of
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1146:"All About/Answering Machines; For Yuppies, Now Plain Folks, Too"
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technologies). IP telephony changed the style and technology of
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866:"Poll: Is Voicemail Dead? Weigh In | News & Opinion"
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1335:"Lucent Is Set to Buy Leader in Voice Mail", Seth Schiesel,
1279:"IBM Audio Distribution System", IBM publication GX60-0075-0
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Corporate voicemail did not change much until the advent of
354:. It was later renamed the Audio Distribution System (ADS).
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available in Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, and the UK.
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1179:"Boca Research Acquisition Likely to Boost Delray Plant"
1043:"IBM Connection" UK newsletter issue 3 of 5 October 1984
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IBM sold many systems, Installations including the 1984
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A common icon to represent voicemail (an abstraction of
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945:"How to Survive the Road from Invention to Marketplace"
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Drawing of how the voicemail system interacts with the
987:"Speech Filing – An Office System for Principals"
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Voicemail systems were developed in the late 1970s by
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1124:"History of Lee Enterprises Inc. – FundingUniverse"
290:With the introduction of "voice" pagers, like the
372:In 1978 the prototype was converted to run on an
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1299:, Vol. 1, No. 4, October 1983, pp. 273–298.
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891:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
1297:ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems
799:"Deciphering 'Call Forwarded Unconditionally'"
687:market is served by several vendors including
664:(IP) telephony applications to replace legacy
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85:Simple voicemail systems function as a remote
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985:Gould, J. D.; Boies, S. J. (1984).
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932:. United States Patent and Trademark Office.
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357:ADS used the human voice and the fixed-line
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683:The corporate IP telephony-based voicemail
206:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1292:(UK), February/March 1996, pp. 22–24
847:"Voice Mail in Decline with Rise of Text"
479:Amidst the booming popularity of the IBM
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
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964:"Inventor Battles to Protect Patents"
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943:Mimi Whitefield (February 5, 1996).
910:Dexter Hutchins (October 28, 1985).
615:in France was extremely popular and
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379:ADS, marketed by IBM and briefly by
348:IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center
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491:International Voicemail Association
388:IBM 2750 and 3750 Switching Systems
27:Voice message storage and retrieval
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1102:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1982.tb04318.x
1067:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1982.tb04318.x
864:Moscaritolo, Angela (2012-09-04).
440:In 1979, a company was founded in
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828:. Everyvoicemail.com. 2002-02-23
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350:in 1973 under the leadership of
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1368:Computer-mediated communication
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1144:Ramirez, Anthony (1991-01-27).
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930:"United States Patent: 4124773"
623:on the Internet began with the
1177:Lunan, Charles (17 May 1993).
962:Viki McCash (August 7, 1995).
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1312:, February 24, 1989, page 3B.
1090:Bell System Technical Journal
1055:Bell System Technical Journal
783:
338:IBM Audio Distribution System
797:Manning, Cara (2023-09-22).
261:
152:Voice Message Exchange (VMX)
7:
1245:Popova, Elka (2007-07-05).
745:
732:
685:customer premises equipment
644:Unified messaging with VoIP
619:was widely used in the US,
426:
64:
10:
1389:
826:"The History of Voicemail"
592:Instant messaging in voice
558:
539:integrated voicemail into
529:
400:
397:"Olympic Message System"
305:interactive voice response
120:
115:Interactive voice response
32:Voicemail (disambiguation)
29:
1339:, July 18, 1997, Page C1.
1330:Investor's Business Daily
725:is sometimes also called
513:, Boston Technology, and
500:Public telephone services
395:Los Angeles Olympic Games
1290:Global Telecoms Business
760:Telecommunication portal
697:Interactive Intelligence
369:for additional storage.
365:computer attached to an
252:private branch exchanges
974:on September 16, 2012.
653:
435:
134:
77:
41:system (also known as
1126:. Fundinguniverse.com
651:
571:wiring for telephones
457:IVR Voice Recognition
359:touch-tone telephones
128:
107:computer data storage
72:
1251:Frost & Sullivan
652:Voicemail indication
381:AT&T Corporation
316:Inventor controversy
200:improve this section
30:For other uses, see
1358:American inventions
1207:www.finniganusa.com
1003:10.1147/sj.231.0065
991:IBM Systems Journal
515:Comverse Technology
322:true first inventor
292:Motorola Pageboy II
273:Rutherford B. Hayes
1337:The New York Times
1203:"Finnegan USA LLC"
1150:The New York Times
727:Unified Voice-mail
668:telephony (called
654:
541:Microsoft Exchange
475:PC-based Voicemail
329:Early applications
309:speech recognition
135:
78:
851:tucsoncitizen.com
678:Unified Messaging
662:Internet Protocol
638:Instant Messaging
629:Internet Protocol
621:instant messaging
606:SMS text messages
567:virtual telephony
555:Virtual telephony
537:Unified Messaging
532:Unified messaging
526:Unified messaging
236:
235:
228:
87:answering machine
59:answering machine
16:(Redirected from
1380:
1363:Calling features
1261:
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1258:
1257:
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1235:
1233:
1232:
1223:. Archived from
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1183:Sun-Sentinel.com
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970:. Archived from
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949:The Miami Herald
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602:mobile telephony
345:
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285:Motorola Pageboy
268:Thomas A. Edison
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1270:
1268:Further reading
1265:
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1221:"VMA home page"
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1227:on 2019-07-09
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710:
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582:South America
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216:February 2024
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185:This section
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131:cassette tape
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43:voice message
40:
33:
19:
1336:
1329:
1309:
1296:
1289:
1254:. Retrieved
1240:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:the original
1215:
1206:
1197:
1186:. Retrieved
1182:
1172:
1161:. Retrieved
1149:
1139:
1128:. Retrieved
1118:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1039:
1007:the original
994:
990:
980:
972:the original
968:Sun Sentinel
967:
957:
948:
938:
924:
915:
905:
894:. Retrieved
890:
881:
870:. Retrieved
859:
850:
841:
830:. Retrieved
820:
812:
806:. Retrieved
803:CALL EXPERTS
802:
792:
773:IP telephony
736:
718:
682:
655:
610:
599:
595:
586:South Africa
575:
564:
549:
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494:
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467:
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460:
451:
439:
430:
406:
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392:
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374:IBM Series/1
371:
363:IBM System/7
356:
341:
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297:
289:
281:
265:
256:
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237:
222:
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198:Please help
186:
155:
149:
144:generic term
138:
136:
111:
104:
84:
79:
55:
46:
42:
38:
36:
868:. PCMag.com
91:touch-tones
1347:Categories
1256:2009-05-12
1231:2011-05-25
1188:2020-01-21
1163:2020-01-21
1130:2013-04-30
1096:(5): 811.
1061:(5): 863.
896:2024-02-13
872:2013-04-30
832:2013-04-30
808:2024-09-15
784:References
307:(IVR) and
47:voice bank
1353:Voicemail
1310:USA Today
1158:0362-4331
997:(1): 65.
695:, Adomo,
545:Microsoft
367:IBM VM370
262:Invention
187:does not
157:USA Today
139:Voicemail
137:The term
39:voicemail
1110:20023290
1075:20023290
746:See also
733:Benefits
633:Internet
617:Teletext
427:AT&T
301:audiotex
277:Ediphone
99:computer
65:Features
916:Fortune
613:Minitel
407:Delta 1
401:Delta 1
208:removed
193:sources
121:History
1326:world.
1156:
1108:
1073:
701:Nortel
511:Unisys
412:patent
162:Vonage
89:using
1106:S2CID
1071:S2CID
705:Mitel
689:Avaya
578:pager
481:PC-AT
442:Texas
417:Exxon
344:first
97:or a
95:voice
51:phone
1154:ISSN
768:CDMA
709:3Com
674:PBXs
584:and
520:NEBS
468:Life
466:and
464:Time
342:The
191:any
189:cite
160:and
1098:doi
1063:doi
999:doi
670:TDM
666:PBX
625:ICQ
444:by
436:VMX
202:by
75:PBX
45:or
1349::
1249:.
1205:.
1181:.
1152:.
1148:.
1104:.
1094:61
1092:.
1069:.
1059:61
1057:.
1027:^
1015:^
995:23
993:.
989:.
966:.
947:.
914:.
889:.
849:.
811:.
801:.
740:GE
729:.
722:IP
707:,
703:,
699:,
691:,
608:.
588:.
423:.
303:,
61:.
37:A
1259:.
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918:.
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518:"
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223:(
218:)
214:(
210:.
196:.
34:.
20:)
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