425:, a position she held until her retirement in 1996. Upon her retirement, she began to sell life insurance. In October 1996, Jones was chosen by the George Wallace Family Foundation to be the first recipient of its Lurleen B. Wallace Award of Courage. At the ceremony, Wallace said, "Vivian Malone Jones was at the center of the fight over states' rights and conducted herself with grace, strength and, above all, courage." In 2000, Jones gave the commencement address at the University of Alabama, and the university bestowed on her a doctorate of humane letters. Additionally, in 2004, the Alabama State Legislature honored her by passing a resolution in commemoration of her outstanding achievements.
276:'s branch school in Mobile. Due to her exceptional performance in high school, Malone was one out of a number of local black students the organization suggested apply to the Mobile campus. At least 200 black students had applied to the university only to have their applications rejected. The university denied admission to the applicants on the grounds of over-enrollment and closed enrollment, the quotas already being filled or the academic performance of the students not meeting required standards; however, it had become understood by the community that the university would not admit the black students because of resistance to school desegregation.
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businesses in south
Alabama. Their initiative was inspired by JaVaughnae's cousin, Vivian Malone Jones. Additionally, the University of Alabama awards a student the Vivian Malone Jones Endowed Scholarship for Diversity each year. In 2014, the Environmental Protection Agency established the Vivian Malone Jones Legacy Award in her honor. Each year, an individual who has demonstrated integrity and consistently contributed to social justice in the Environmental Protection Agency or in the greater community is presented with this award in memoriam of Jones and the legacy of her work.
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that they were representatives of the state. They disclosed that her attempts to apply to the Mobile campus and integrate with the school had instigated violent retaliation from the local white community from which the family would not receive much protection. The threat to her safety did not deter Malone from continuing to support integration in the university and she persisted in applying to the
42:
365:. Malone and Hood then entered the building, albeit through another door. As she and Hood entered the building, they were met with surprising applause from white supporters of integration. They then entered the gym and registered as students of the university, with Malone being accepted into the university as a junior.
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to force
Wallace to permit the black students' entry into the university. Katzenbach took Malone up to her dormitory and told her to see her room and eat lunch alone in the dining room if she became hungry. Malone went downstairs into the dining room, and was surprised to be joined by several white
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in August 1977 and worked towards voter equality for minorities. In this role, she helped provide assistance and funds to local voter registration projects. She also helped in the piloting of
Project 23, a program aimed at addressing the barriers that kept Black individuals in the state of Georgia
496:
In 2017, a historical marker was installed at the Mobile County Health
Department in honor of Jones. It was placed at the location of her childhood home, which is now the parking lot for the Keeler Memorial Building on the Health Department's campus. The marker sits along the Dora Franklin Finley
279:
Black students who had applied to the university's branch campus in Mobile were investigated by the university's department of Public Safety, including Malone. After applying to the Mobile branch of the
University of Alabama, Malone and her family had been visited by two white men who had claimed
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Malone's time spent at the
University of Alabama was relatively free of conflict and threats to her safety, with the exception of a spree of bombings that occurred in November 1963 by rioting whites possibly angry with the integration policy. After much deliberation between the U.S. Marshal and
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In 2018, JaVaughnae Malone and her mother, Janice, started a nonprofit called Vivian's Door in Mobile, Alabama. With a purpose of fostering minority-owned businesses, Vivian's Door has dedicated itself to providing training, resources, networking opportunities, and customers to local minority
336:
was
Governor Wallace, flanked by a group of state troopers. Wallace intended to keep true to his promise of upholding segregation in the state and stopping "integration at the schoolhouse door". As Malone and Hood waited in a car, Deputy Attorney General Katzenbach and a small team of federal
344:"The unwelcomed, unwanted, unwarranted and force-induced intrusion upon the campus of the University of Alabama ... of the might of the Central Government offers frightful example of the oppression of the rights, privileges and sovereignty of this State by officers of the Federal Government."
433:
Jones was married to Mack Arthur Jones, an obstetrician, who predeceased her in 2004. She first met Jones when he was hired as her driver at the
University of Alabama. She was a member of From the Heart Christian Ministries of Atlanta where she served as an usher. Her brother-in-law
421:
from registering to vote or running for public office. By 1978, the Voter
Education project had assisted in the voter registration of about 3 million Black individuals. She later became the Director of Civil Rights and Urban Affairs and Director of Environmental Justice for the
360:
later the same day, which put them under the command of the president, rather than the governor of
Alabama. One hundred guardsmen escorted Malone and Hood from their dorms back to the auditorium, where Wallace moved aside at the request of General
238:. Malone had wanted to pursue a degree in accounting, a field of study not offered by Alabama A&M at the time. Moreover, the bachelor's degree Malone received was issued to her before the university had been fully accredited by the
202:; her father served in maintenance and her mother worked as a domestic servant. Her parents emphasized the importance of receiving an education and made sure that their children attended college. Each of Malone's older brothers attended
291:
of Alabama organized an opportunity with Malone to enroll her in the University of Alabama's School of Commerce and Business Administration to earn her accounting degree. The Legal Defense Fund had been working closely with a student,
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Wallace had not only refused the order, but he interrupted Katzenbach; in front of the crowds of media crews surrounding him, Wallace delivered a short, symbolic speech concerning state sovereignty, claiming:
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and often participated in local meetings, donations, and activities in the community that promoted equality and desegregation. As a teenager, Malone was often involved in community organizations to end
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case, in which the act of educating black children in schools intentionally separated from white students was charged as unconstitutional. Judge Grooms had also forbidden Governor
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in 1963. The district court had ruled that the University of Alabama's practice of denying black students admission into their university was a violation of the
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The arrival of Vivian Malone Jones and James Hood to the University of Alabama, also known as Stand in the Schoolhouse Door, was depicted in the 1994 film
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Katzenbach, it was decided that Malone would not be taken out of school or unenrolled because of the bombings. Two years later, in 1965, she received a
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in business management and became the first black student to graduate from the University of Alabama. She graduated with a B-plus average.
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marshals confronted Wallace to demand that Malone and Hood be allowed entry by order of the federal court and for Wallace to step aside.
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Despite her university achievements, she did not receive any job offers in Alabama. She later joined the civil rights division of the
332:, arrived at the University of Alabama's campus with the intention to enroll. Waiting for them on campus and blocking the entryway to
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students, who ate lunch with her. She remained in the dormitory until the situation was determined to have calmed down.
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230:, one of the few colleges for black students in the state. She attended Alabama A&M for two years and received a
488:. The main character appeared at the event and handed Jones a book she dropped when walking into Foster Auditorium.
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760:"Alabama Department of Archives and History, Governor George C. Wallace's School House Door Speech"
698:
Southern Changes. Volume 1, Number 2. October–November 1978. Atlanta, GA: Southern Regional Council
348:
After seeing that Wallace would not step aside, Katzenbach called upon the assistance of President
242:. To earn an accredited degree in accounting, Malone would have to transfer to another university.
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622:
Clark, E. Culpepper. "The Schoolhouse Door". Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 175–176, 225–228.
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397:. She took a job as an employee relations specialist at the central office of the United States
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hospital. Her funeral services were held at the Martin Luther King Jr. International Chapel at
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1134:"Juneteenth spotlight: Vivian's Door makes room for Black entrepreneurs | blissforsingles.com"
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in 1963, and in 1965 became the university's first black graduate. She was made famous when
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469:. Jones had a son, a daughter, three grandchildren, four sisters, and three brothers.
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859:"For Generations, Black Women Have Envisioned a Better, Fairer American Politics"
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Vivian Malone Jones, far right, at the signing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
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1058:"Mobile dedicates street to Vivian Malone, first black U. of Alabama graduate"
1000:"The Stand in the Schoolhouse Door | Forrest Gump February (TSB032) – YouTube"
999:
970:
647:"Vivian Malone Jones, 63, Dies; First Black Graduate of University of Alabama"
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2015:
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198:, Alabama in 1942, the fourth of eight children. Her parents both worked at
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694:"Vivian Malone Jones and the VEP: From Integration to Voter Registration"
443:
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Trachtenberg School of Public Policy & Public Administration alumni
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In 1961, Malone had received word from a family friend that the local
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and served as a research analyst. While in Washington, she attended
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Malone attended Central High School, where she was a member of the
215:
and worked closely with local leaders of the movements to work for
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462:
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She was appointed to a position as the executive director of the
401:. During her time in Washington, she attended the signing of the
92:
73:
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1085:"Honoring the legacy, history of Mobile's minority businesses"
933:
1907:
162:(July 15, 1942 – October 13, 2005) was one of the first two
4889:
People of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
718:"400 Years of the African American Civil Rights Experience"
491:
3642:
746:
560:
Civil Rights and African Americans: A Documentary History
3357:
Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam
3135:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)"
1032:"Historical marker in Mobile honors Vivan Malone Jones"
752:
3381:
African American founding fathers of the United States
1734:
Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement
1599:
John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights
1206:
1162:. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
180:
attempted to block her and James Hood from enrolling
3429:
Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument
557:
446:was an All-American basketball student-athlete at
321:On June 11, 1963, Malone and Hood, accompanied by
318:from interfering with the students' registration.
4870:
1965:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
1955:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
1888:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights
1779:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
3434:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument
511:
228:Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University
3628:
3342:List of lynching victims in the United States
1680:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States
1192:
640:
638:
636:
634:
632:
630:
628:
942:"Vivian Malone Jones Dies; Integrated U-Ala"
749:. June 11, 2003; accessed February 19, 2009.
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
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240:Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
1809:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
971:"F.G. at George Wallace standoff – YouTube"
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
592:
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3635:
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1858:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership
1199:
1185:
625:
356:President John F. Kennedy federalized the
40:
27:American civil rights advocate (1942–2005)
3414:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument
555:
3449:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change
1489:University of Georgia desegregation riot
890:NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund
585:
407:
289:NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund
272:had organized a plan to desegregate the
255:
245:
3363:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence
3100:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus"
3095:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round"
691:
492:Historical marker and additional honors
14:
4871:
3277:African-American women in the movement
1729:White House Conference on Civil Rights
1560:"Segregation now, segregation forever"
939:
836:Civil rights pioneer Vivian Jones dies
644:
4763:
4549:
4326:
4104:
3871:
3654:
3616:
1718:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections
1180:
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1079:
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911:
909:
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905:
880:
878:
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461:at age 63 on October 13, 2005, in an
323:United States Deputy Attorney General
121:Integrating the University of Alabama
3486:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument
1950:Regional Council of Negro Leadership
1898:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
1844:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights
1321:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company
1246:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore
1055:
685:
683:
681:
679:
677:
675:
673:
671:
669:
667:
645:Martin, Douglas (October 14, 1995).
423:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
226:. In February 1961, she enrolled in
1893:Lowndes County Freedom Organization
1829:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
1499:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address
788:Alabama segregation date approaches
497:African-American Heritage Trail in
24:
4914:People from Monroe County, Alabama
3337:African-American churches attacked
1903:Montgomery Improvement Association
1878:Georgia Council on Human Relations
1863:Council of Federated Organizations
1834:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
1592:16th Street Baptist Church bombing
1550:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot
1356:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom
1260:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
1146:
1074:
1056:WPMI, Alyssa Newton (2018-06-16).
1017:
902:
875:
735:
477:
328:and a three-car motorcade full of
260:Malone registering for classes at
206:. Her parents were also active in
25:
4935:
3409:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
3282:Jews in the civil rights movement
664:
4063:Mary Elizabeth Phillips Thompson
3603:Civil rights movement portal
3596:
3444:Freedom Riders National Monument
3186:The Kingdom of God Is Within You
1698:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches
1657:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests
1544:Second Emancipation Proclamation
940:Holley, Joe (October 14, 2005).
856:
428:
284:to earn a degree in accounting.
4899:American civil rights activists
3471:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum
3459:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial
1935:National Council of Negro Women
1873:Deacons for Defense and Justice
1126:
1102:
1049:
992:
981:from the original on 2021-12-21
963:
850:
826:
743:Wallace in the Schoolhouse Door
4904:American anti-racism activists
4476:Mary Celesta Johnson Weatherly
1351:Mansfield school desegregation
802:
778:
710:
549:
504:In 2018, a street in downtown
13:
1:
4894:School desegregation pioneers
3481:National Voting Rights Museum
3424:Civil Rights Movement Archive
3223:Lynching in the United States
3110:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize"
1565:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
1538:University of Chicago sit-ins
1305:Davis v. Prince Edward County
1110:"Vivian's Door | Our Mission"
566:Northwestern University Press
556:Blaustein, Albert P. (1991),
542:
376:
252:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
185:
182:at the all-white university.
4909:University of Alabama alumni
4196:Ida Elizabeth Brandon Mathis
3644:Alabama Women's Hall of Fame
3476:National Civil Rights Museum
3332:March on Washington Movement
3317:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
1786:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.
448:Mississippi State University
387:George Washington University
7:
4238:Elizabeth Burford Bashinsky
3825:Annie Rowan Forney Daugette
3120:"This Little Light of Mine"
1868:Dallas County Voters League
1814:Atlanta Negro Voters League
1577:Letter from Birmingham Jail
1284:Brown v. Board of Education
692:Bledsoe, Christena (2004).
520:
512:Awards and community impact
311:Brown v. Board of Education
160:Vivian Juanita Malone Jones
10:
4940:
4919:African-American activists
3704:Margaret Murray Washington
3454:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
3322:Holt Street Baptist Church
3292:16th Street Baptist Church
2276:Annie Bell Robinson Devine
1920:Nashville Student Movement
1850:An Appeal for Human Rights
383:U.S. Department of Justice
249:
166:students to enroll at the
109:Alabama A&M University
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3974:Mildred Westervelt Warner
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3867:
3838:
3817:
3809:Augusta Jane Evans Wilson
3796:
3775:
3754:
3733:
3712:
3691:
3665:
3661:
3655:
3650:
3592:
3494:
3396:
3210:
3143:
3085:
3064:
2951:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson
2921:Modjeska Monteith Simkins
1993:
1985:Women's Political Council
1980:Wednesdays in Mississippi
1975:United Auto Workers (UAW)
1960:Southern Regional Council
1930:Northern Student Movement
1839:Committee for Freedom Now
1799:
1746:Memphis sanitation strike
1712:Voting Rights Act of 1965
1634:
1455:Savannah Protest Movement
1417:
1275:
1236:Journey of Reconciliation
1228:
1215:
472:
403:Voting Rights Act of 1965
270:Non-Partisan Voter League
141:
133:
125:
117:
104:
81:
51:
39:
32:
4201:Mary George Jordan Waite
4175:Frances Scott Fitzgerald
4170:Bessie Morse Bellingrath
4144:Frances Virginia Praytor
3746:Loraine Bedsole Tunstall
3720:Edwina Donnelly Mitchell
3683:Julia Strudwick Tutwiler
1819:Atlanta Student Movement
1768:Civil Rights Act of 1968
1693:1964–1965 Scripto strike
1674:Civil Rights Act of 1964
1572:1963 Birmingham campaign
1465:Civil Rights Act of 1960
1389:Civil Rights Act of 1957
508:was named in her honor.
399:Veteran's Administration
4845:Mahala Ashley Dickerson
4455:Juliette Hampton Morgan
4345:Florence Golson Bateman
3979:Katherine White-Spunner
3371:Voter Education Project
3125:"We Shall Not Be Moved"
2786:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
2221:Josephine Dobbs Clement
1647:Chester school protests
1642:Twenty-fourth Amendment
1604:Detroit Walk to Freedom
1346:Tallahassee bus boycott
1267:Baton Rouge bus boycott
1157:"National Honor Awards"
840:, USA Today, 2005-10-13
792:, USA Today, 2003-06-08
457:Jones died following a
418:Voter Education Project
200:Brookley Air Force Base
4680:Sarah Haynsworth Gayle
4659:Kathryn Tucker Windham
4589:Evelyn Daniel Anderson
4573:Margaret Charles Smith
4280:Martha Foster Crawford
4243:Maude McKnight Lindsay
4128:Octavia Walton Le Vert
4058:Katherine Cooper Cater
4021:Martha Strudwick Young
3890:Kathleen Moore Mallory
3584:Movement photographers
2826:Bernice Johnson Reagon
2546:Martin Luther King Sr.
2541:Martin Luther King Jr.
2111:William Holmes Borders
1883:Highlander Folk School
1773:Poor People's Campaign
1626:St. Augustine movement
1476:Gomillion v. Lightfoot
1399:Katz Drug Store sit-in
1370:Royal Ice Cream sit-in
1332:Montgomery bus boycott
917:"Jones, Vivian Malone"
413:
358:Alabama National Guard
346:
265:
224:National Honor Society
4808:Emera Frances Griffin
4722:Jeanne Friegel Berman
4259:Hattie Hooker Wilkins
3783:Ruth Robertson Berrey
3419:Civil Rights Memorial
3307:Bethel Baptist Church
2956:Charles Kenzie Steele
2401:Audrey Faye Hendricks
2306:Myrlie Evers-Williams
2286:Patricia Stephens Due
2256:Abraham Lincoln Davis
2191:Colia Lafayette Clark
1945:Operation Breadbasket
1940:National Urban League
1687:Katzenbach v. McClung
1555:Atlanta's Berlin Wall
1208:Civil rights movement
886:"Vivian Malone Jones"
440:U.S. Attorney General
411:
395:public administration
342:
282:University of Alabama
274:University of Alabama
262:University of Alabama
259:
246:University of Alabama
213:racial discrimination
168:University of Alabama
112:University of Alabama
56:Vivian Juanita Malone
4497:Martha Crystal Myers
4471:Virginia Foster Durr
4264:Marion Walker Spidle
4154:Julia Tarrant Barron
3958:Clara Weaver Parrish
3953:Anne Mathilde Bilbro
3830:Patti Ruffner Jacobs
3464:other King memorials
3439:Freedom Rides Museum
3376:1960s counterculture
3327:Edmund Pettus Bridge
3006:Walter Francis White
2911:Alexander D. Shimkin
1425:New Year's Day March
1394:Ministers' Manifesto
1241:Executive Order 9981
863:Smithsonian Magazine
814:Hilary N. Green, PhD
4803:Vivian Malone Jones
4717:Jessie Welch Austin
4413:Bess Bolden Walcott
4387:Idella Jones Childs
4306:Juliet Opie Hopkins
4285:Maria Howard Weeden
4149:Anna Linton Praytor
4037:Elizabeth C. Crosby
3932:Chrysostom Moynahan
3804:Amelia Gayle Gorgas
3767:Marie Bankhead Owen
3202:Mary McLeod Bethune
3163:Sermon on the Mount
3130:"We Shall Overcome"
2711:William Lewis Moore
2491:Frank Minis Johnson
2466:Richie Jean Jackson
2421:Donald L. Hollowell
2226:Charles E. Cobb Jr.
2031:Gwendolyn Armstrong
2026:William G. Anderson
2006:Victoria Gray Adams
1970:The Freedom Singers
1824:Black Panther Party
1609:March on Washington
1522:Garner v. Louisiana
1483:Boynton v. Virginia
1114:www.viviansdoor.com
949:The Washington Post
326:Nicholas Katzenbach
204:Tuskegee University
190:Malone was born in
176:Governor of Alabama
34:Vivian Malone Jones
4850:Alice Lee (lawyer)
4643:Hazel Mansell Gore
4627:Frances C. Roberts
4622:Zora Neale Hurston
4529:Coretta Scott King
4429:Nancy Batson Crews
4217:Doris Marie Bender
3995:Blanche Evans Dean
3916:Elizabeth Johnston
3895:Ruby Pickens Tartt
3699:Agnes Ellen Harris
3519:Michael Eric Dyson
3404:In popular culture
3287:Fifth Circuit Four
3271:Loving v. Virginia
3264:Hernandez v. Texas
3243:Buchanan v. Warley
3235:Separate but equal
3229:Plessy v. Ferguson
3192:Frederick Douglass
3026:Robert F. Williams
2936:Kelly Miller Smith
2916:Fred Shuttlesworth
2841:Frederick D. Reese
2821:George Raymond Jr.
2811:A. Philip Randolph
2791:Fay Bellamy Powell
2706:Queen Mother Moore
2591:Z. Alexander Looby
2536:Coretta Scott King
2481:Barbara Rose Johns
2461:Jimmie Lee Jackson
2386:William E. Harbour
2166:Stokely Carmichael
2081:Randolph Blackwell
1751:King assassination
1740:Loving v. Virginia
1724:March Against Fear
1704:How Long, Not Long
1582:Children's Crusade
1533:Cambridge movement
1470:Ax Handle Saturday
1435:Greensboro sit-ins
1362:Give Us the Ballot
810:"G4 Vivian Malone"
651:The New York Times
527:The McDonogh Three
414:
306:U.S. Supreme Court
266:
236:business education
4866:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4829:Allison Wetherbee
4755:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4701:Sara Crews Finley
4541:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4366:Ida Vines Moffett
4318:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4301:Margaret H. Booth
4123:Maud McLure Kelly
4096:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4000:Katherine Vickery
3937:Loula Friend Dunn
3911:Tallulah Bankhead
3863:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3762:Dixie Bibb Graves
3610:
3609:
3387:Eyes on the Prize
3302:A.G. Gaston Motel
3297:Kelly Ingram Park
3257:Sweatt v. Painter
2941:Mary Louise Smith
2901:Cleveland Sellers
2886:Michael Schwerner
2851:Gloria Richardson
2631:Thurgood Marshall
2551:Bernard Lafayette
2281:John Wesley Dobbs
1795:
1794:
1514:Birmingham attack
1494:Rock Hill sit-ins
1445:Sibley Commission
1440:Nashville sit-ins
1312:Gebhart v. Belton
1298:Briggs v. Elliott
1291:Bolling v. Sharpe
1252:Sweatt v. Painter
1006:. 5 February 2017
977:. 23 April 2014.
766:on August 6, 2002
467:Morehouse College
334:Foster Auditorium
308:'s ruling in the
232:bachelor's degree
157:
156:
129:Mack Arthur Jones
16:(Redirected from
4931:
4772:
4771:
4761:
4760:
4594:Ada Ruth Stovall
4558:
4557:
4547:
4546:
4408:Louise Branscomb
4392:Jane Lobman Katz
4335:
4334:
4324:
4323:
4180:Zelda Fitzgerald
4113:
4112:
4102:
4101:
3880:
3879:
3869:
3868:
3851:Carrie A. Tuggle
3788:Annie Lola Price
3663:
3662:
3652:
3651:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3614:
3613:
3601:
3600:
3564:Charles M. Payne
3549:Steven F. Lawson
3539:David Halberstam
3509:Clayborne Carson
3250:Hocutt v. Wilson
3197:W. E. B. Du Bois
3046:Sammy Younge Jr.
3031:Q. V. Williamson
2996:Wyatt Tee Walker
2861:Bernice Robinson
2806:Lincoln Ragsdale
2796:Rodney N. Powell
2691:Douglas E. Moore
2566:Sanford R. Leigh
2501:J. Charles Jones
2376:Fannie Lou Hamer
2291:Joseph Ellwanger
2251:Jonathan Daniels
2241:Claudette Colvin
2231:Annie Lee Cooper
2216:Kathleen Cleaver
2211:Eldridge Cleaver
2186:Shirley Chisholm
2076:Gloria Blackwell
1667:workers' murders
1614:"I Have a Dream"
1509:Anniston bombing
1460:Greenville Eight
1375:Little Rock Nine
1338:Browder v. Gayle
1226:
1225:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1081:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1028:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
996:
990:
989:
987:
986:
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
946:
937:
931:
930:
928:
927:
921:Encyclopedia.com
913:
900:
899:
897:
896:
882:
873:
872:
870:
869:
854:
848:
847:
846:
845:
830:
824:
823:
821:
820:
806:
800:
799:
798:
797:
782:
776:
775:
773:
771:
762:. Archived from
756:
750:
741:Elliot, Debbie.
739:
733:
732:
730:
728:
714:
708:
707:
705:
704:
689:
662:
661:
659:
657:
642:
623:
620:
583:
582:
563:
553:
532:Little Rock Nine
371:Bachelor of Arts
330:federal marshals
148:(brother-in-law)
88:
85:October 13, 2005
65:
63:
44:
30:
29:
21:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4854:
4833:
4812:
4791:
4782:Mother Angelica
4766:
4747:
4726:
4705:
4696:Mary Ward Brown
4684:
4675:Anne Mae Beddow
4663:
4647:
4631:
4610:
4608:Nina Miglionico
4598:
4577:
4552:
4533:
4517:
4501:
4480:
4459:
4438:
4417:
4396:
4375:
4354:
4329:
4310:
4289:
4268:
4247:
4226:
4205:
4184:
4158:
4132:
4107:
4088:
4067:
4046:
4025:
4004:
3983:
3962:
3941:
3920:
3899:
3874:
3855:
3834:
3813:
3792:
3771:
3750:
3741:Henrietta Gibbs
3729:
3725:Lurleen Wallace
3708:
3687:
3657:
3646:
3641:
3611:
3606:
3595:
3588:
3569:Thomas E. Ricks
3559:Diane McWhorter
3544:Vincent Harding
3529:Adam Fairclough
3496:
3490:
3392:
3347:Freedom Schools
3206:
3139:
3087:
3081:
3072:Omaha, Nebraska
3060:
2976:Hartman Turnbow
2966:Dorothy Tillman
2926:Glenn E. Smiley
2906:Charles Sherrod
2866:Jo Ann Robinson
2741:Charles Neblett
2731:Elijah Muhammad
2696:Harriette Moore
2656:Floyd McKissick
2641:Franklin McCain
2576:Stanley Levison
2441:T. R. M. Howard
2391:Vincent Harding
2321:Walter Fauntroy
2206:Xernona Clayton
2156:John H. Calhoun
2141:Aurelia Browder
2131:Stanley Branche
2126:Raylawni Branch
2106:Joseph E. Boone
2091:Ezell Blair Jr.
2086:Unita Blackwell
2061:Harry Belafonte
2001:Ralph Abernathy
1989:
1925:Nation of Islam
1801:
1791:
1630:
1587:Birmingham riot
1528:Albany Movement
1450:Atlanta sit-ins
1430:Sit-in movement
1413:
1409:Biloxi wade-ins
1381:Cooper v. Aaron
1271:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1175:
1174:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1118:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1094:
1092:
1089:This Is Alabama
1083:
1082:
1075:
1066:
1064:
1054:
1050:
1041:
1039:
1030:
1029:
1018:
1009:
1007:
1004:www.youtube.com
998:
997:
993:
984:
982:
975:www.youtube.com
969:
968:
964:
954:
952:
944:
938:
934:
925:
923:
915:
914:
903:
894:
892:
884:
883:
876:
867:
865:
855:
851:
843:
841:
832:
831:
827:
818:
816:
808:
807:
803:
795:
793:
784:
783:
779:
769:
767:
758:
757:
753:
740:
736:
726:
724:
716:
715:
711:
702:
700:
690:
665:
655:
653:
643:
626:
621:
586:
580:
554:
550:
545:
523:
514:
499:Mobile, Alabama
494:
480:
478:Popular culture
475:
431:
391:master's degree
379:
363:Henry V. Graham
350:John F. Kennedy
254:
248:
188:
149:
105:Alma mater
100:
90:
86:
77:
67:
61:
59:
58:
57:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4937:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4864:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4841:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4826:
4824:Vestal Goodman
4820:
4818:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4768:
4767:
4757:
4756:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4655:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4568:Mary Ivy Burks
4564:
4562:
4554:
4553:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4341:
4339:
4331:
4330:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4240:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4222:Lottice Howell
4219:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4119:
4117:
4109:
4108:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3884:
3876:
3875:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3827:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3758:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3659:
3658:
3648:
3647:
3640:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3617:
3608:
3607:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3579:Akinyele Umoja
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3500:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3168:Mahatma Gandhi
3165:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3077:South Carolina
3074:
3068:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3016:Hosea Williams
3013:
3008:
3003:
3001:Hollis Watkins
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2931:A. Maceo Smith
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2881:Bernie Sanders
2878:
2873:
2871:Angela Russell
2868:
2863:
2858:
2856:David Richmond
2853:
2848:
2846:Walter Reuther
2843:
2838:
2833:
2831:Cordell Reagon
2828:
2823:
2818:
2816:George Raymond
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2776:Charles Person
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2746:Huey P. Newton
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2701:Harry T. Moore
2698:
2693:
2688:
2686:Cecil B. Moore
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2666:James Meredith
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2496:Clarence Jones
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2436:Zilphia Horton
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2406:Lola Hendricks
2403:
2398:
2396:Dorothy Height
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2366:Lawrence Guyot
2363:
2358:
2356:Jack Greenberg
2353:
2348:
2343:
2341:Andrew Goodman
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2266:Joseph DeLaine
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2236:Dorothy Cotton
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2181:J. L. Chestnut
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2116:Amelia Boynton
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2036:Arnold Aronson
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1748:
1743:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1695:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1662:Freedom Summer
1659:
1654:
1652:Bloody Tuesday
1649:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1223:
1213:
1212:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1145:
1125:
1101:
1073:
1048:
1016:
991:
962:
932:
901:
874:
849:
825:
801:
777:
751:
734:
709:
663:
624:
584:
578:
547:
546:
544:
541:
540:
539:
537:James Meredith
534:
529:
522:
519:
513:
510:
493:
490:
479:
476:
474:
471:
430:
427:
389:and pursued a
378:
375:
316:George Wallace
298:District Court
247:
244:
187:
184:
172:George Wallace
155:
154:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
119:
118:Known for
115:
114:
106:
102:
101:
91:
89:(aged 63)
83:
79:
78:
68:
55:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4936:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4815:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4762:
4758:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4738:Milly Francis
4736:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4548:
4544:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4435:
4434:Rosa Gerhardt
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4350:Maria Fearing
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4325:
4321:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4103:
4099:
4085:
4084:Geneva Mercer
4082:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3866:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3846:Myrtle Brooke
3844:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3673:Hallie Farmer
3671:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3633:
3631:
3626:
3624:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3574:Timothy Tyson
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3504:Taylor Branch
3502:
3501:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3352:Freedom songs
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3218:Jim Crow laws
3216:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3115:"Oh, Freedom"
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3041:Whitney Young
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3021:Kale Williams
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:Albert Turner
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2971:A. P. Tureaud
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:Bayard Rustin
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:William Moyer
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2661:Joseph McNeil
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2646:Charles McDew
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2636:Benjamin Mays
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2621:Vivian Malone
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:Joseph Lowery
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2521:Clyde Kennard
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2511:Vernon Jordan
2509:
2507:
2506:Matthew Jones
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2471:T. J. Jemison
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2456:Jesse Jackson
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:Robert Graetz
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2336:Golden Frinks
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2296:Charles Evers
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2246:Vernon Dahmer
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:Septima Clark
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2121:Bruce Boynton
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:James Baldwin
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Mathew Ahmann
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1913:Youth Council
1911:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
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1504:Freedom Rides
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1229:Prior to 1954
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442:. Her nephew
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84:
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71:
66:July 15, 1942
54:
50:
46:Jones in 1965
43:
38:
31:
19:
18:Vivian Malone
4802:
4787:Janie Shores
4079:Gwen Bristow
4042:Lella Warren
3678:Helen Keller
3594:
3534:David Garrow
3514:John Dittmer
3385:
3312:Brown Chapel
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3227:
3184:
3036:Andrew Young
2991:A. T. Walden
2986:C. T. Vivian
2946:Maxine Smith
2781:Homer Plessy
2761:James Orange
2716:Irene Morgan
2671:William Ming
2651:Ralph McGill
2620:
2586:Viola Liuzzo
2571:Jim Letherer
2556:James Lawson
2486:Vernon Johns
2476:Esau Jenkins
2431:Myles Horton
2381:Fred Hampton
2371:Prathia Hall
2361:Dick Gregory
2331:Marie Foster
2326:James Forman
2316:James Farmer
2301:Medgar Evers
2261:Angela Davis
2196:Ramsey Clark
2176:James Chaney
2171:Johnnie Carr
2151:Ralph Bunche
2146:H. Rap Brown
2136:Ruby Bridges
2096:Joanne Bland
2071:Claude Black
2051:Marion Barry
2021:Muhammad Ali
1848:
1784:
1777:
1738:
1716:
1685:
1678:
1520:
1481:
1474:
1404:Kissing Case
1379:
1336:
1319:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1258:
1250:
1164:. Retrieved
1137:. Retrieved
1128:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:
1104:
1093:. Retrieved
1091:. 2020-01-06
1088:
1065:. Retrieved
1061:
1051:
1040:. Retrieved
1038:. 2017-08-07
1035:
1008:. Retrieved
1003:
994:
983:. Retrieved
974:
965:
955:November 19,
953:. Retrieved
948:
945:(Obituaries)
935:
924:. Retrieved
920:
893:. Retrieved
889:
866:. Retrieved
862:
852:
842:, retrieved
837:
834:
828:
817:. Retrieved
813:
804:
794:, retrieved
789:
786:
780:
768:. Retrieved
764:the original
754:
737:
725:. Retrieved
722:docslide.net
721:
712:
701:. Retrieved
697:
654:. Retrieved
650:
559:
551:
515:
503:
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485:Forrest Gump
483:
481:
456:
432:
415:
380:
367:
355:
347:
343:
339:
320:
309:
286:
278:
267:
221:
219:in schools.
208:civil rights
189:
159:
158:
87:(2005-10-13)
4884:2005 deaths
4879:1942 births
3554:Doug McAdam
3524:Chuck Fager
3151:Nonviolence
3056:James Zwerg
3051:Bob Zellner
3011:Roy Wilkins
2961:Hank Thomas
2896:Pete Seeger
2891:Bobby Seale
2756:Jack O'Dell
2751:Edgar Nixon
2681:Amzie Moore
2676:Jack Minnis
2616:Mae Mallory
2601:Clara Luper
2561:Bernard Lee
2451:Cecil Ivory
2446:Ruby Hurley
2416:Oliver Hill
2411:Aaron Henry
2311:Chuck Fager
2271:Dave Dennis
2161:Guy Carawan
2101:Julian Bond
2066:James Bevel
2056:Daisy Bates
1327:Emmett Till
1210:(1954–1968)
568:, pp.
444:Jeff Malone
436:Eric Holder
151:Jeff Malone
146:Eric Holder
4873:Categories
4743:Harper Lee
4513:Rosa Parks
4492:Fran McKee
4371:Sibyl Pool
3497:historians
3178:Satyagraha
3144:Influences
2836:James Reeb
2771:James Peck
2766:Rosa Parks
2736:Diane Nash
2606:Danny Lyon
2581:John Lewis
2526:A. D. King
2426:James Hood
2041:Ella Baker
2011:Zev Aelony
1166:2023-12-24
1139:2020-12-07
1119:2020-11-30
1095:2020-11-30
1067:2021-03-05
1042:2020-11-30
1010:2020-11-30
985:2020-11-30
926:2020-11-30
895:2020-11-30
868:2020-11-30
844:2007-11-23
819:2020-11-30
796:2007-11-23
703:2020-11-29
543:References
454:standout.
438:served as
377:Later life
294:James Hood
250:See also:
186:Early life
62:1942-07-15
4450:Vera Hall
3156:Padayatra
3105:"Kumbaya"
3065:By region
2721:Bob Moses
2626:Bob Mants
2611:Malcolm X
2531:C.B. King
2351:Fred Gray
1994:Activists
1635:1964–1968
1418:1960–1963
1276:1954–1959
727:August 7,
142:Relatives
3086:Movement
2516:Tom Kahn
1800:Activist
1220:timeline
979:Archived
770:March 9,
656:March 8,
521:See also
153:(nephew)
134:Children
3211:Related
2801:Al Raby
1756:funeral
1619:Big Six
951:. Metro
463:Atlanta
97:Georgia
93:Atlanta
74:Alabama
3397:Legacy
3173:Ahimsa
1802:groups
1263:(1950)
1255:(1950)
1216:Events
576:
506:Mobile
473:Legacy
459:stroke
300:Judge
264:, 1963
192:Mobile
174:, the
126:Spouse
99:, U.S.
76:, U.S.
70:Mobile
4765:2020s
4551:2010s
4328:2000s
4106:1990s
3873:1980s
3656:1970s
3495:Noted
3088:songs
1908:NAACP
1761:riots
1160:(PDF)
164:black
4838:2023
4817:2022
4796:2021
4775:2020
4731:2019
4710:2018
4689:2017
4668:2016
4652:2015
4636:2014
4615:2013
4603:2012
4582:2011
4561:2010
4522:2009
4506:2008
4485:2007
4464:2006
4443:2005
4422:2004
4401:2003
4380:2002
4359:2001
4338:2000
4294:1999
4273:1998
4252:1997
4231:1995
4210:1994
4189:1993
4163:1992
4137:1991
4116:1990
4072:1989
4051:1988
4030:1987
4009:1986
3988:1985
3967:1984
3946:1983
3925:1982
3904:1981
3883:1980
3839:1979
3818:1978
3797:1977
3776:1976
3755:1975
3734:1974
3713:1973
3692:1972
3666:1971
1062:WPMI
957:2008
772:2013
729:2017
658:2013
574:ISBN
450:and
287:The
82:Died
52:Born
747:NPR
570:483
452:NBA
405:.
393:in
234:in
4875::
1148:^
1112:.
1087:.
1076:^
1060:.
1036:al
1034:.
1019:^
1002:.
973:.
947:.
919:.
904:^
888:.
877:^
861:.
812:.
745:.
720:.
696:.
666:^
649:.
627:^
587:^
572:,
564:,
501:.
194:,
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1218:(
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1142:.
1122:.
1098:.
1070:.
1045:.
1013:.
988:.
959:.
929:.
898:.
871:.
822:.
774:.
731:.
706:.
660:.
137:2
64:)
60:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
