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503:, and a wide array of proteins. Despite having little solid matter, the fluid is substantial enough to fill the eye and give it its spherical shape. This contrasts with the aqueous humour, which is more fluid, and the lens, on the other hand, which is elastic in nature and is tightly packed with cells. The vitreous humour has a
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1:posterior segment 2:ora serrata 3:ciliary muscle 4:ciliary zonules 5:Schlemm's canal 6:pupil 7:anterior chamber 8:cornea 9:iris 10:lens cortex 11:lens nucleus 12:ciliary process 13:conjunctiva 14:inferior oblique muscule 15:inferior rectus muscule 16:medial rectus muscle 17:retinal arteries and
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According to Jewish religion, extracting the vitreous fluid for forensic chemical analysis is preferred to blood analysis (in case a forensic or post-mortem toxicology test is deemed necessary). This avoids the loss of even a few droplets of blood from the body prior to burial.
1418:
Coarse strands develop with ageing. The gel volume decreases with age, and the liquid volume increases. The cortex may disappear at sites, allowing liquid vitreous to extrude adjacently into the potential space between vitreous cortex and retina (vitreous detachment).
1493:
longer than other body fluids. Within the hours, days and weeks after death, the vitreous potassium concentration rises, at such a predictable speed that vitreous potassium levels are frequently used to estimate the time since death
486:
The vitreous humour contains no blood vessels, and 98–99% of its volume is water (as opposed to only 75% in the cornea). In addition to water, the vitreous consists of salts, sugars, vitrosin (a type of collagen), a network of
1752:
These data suggest that Muller cells play a prominent role in the water handling in the retina and that they direct osmotically driven water flux to the vitreous body and vessels rather than to the subretinal
2342:
veins 18:optic disc 19:dura mater 20:central retinal artery 21:central retinal vein 22:optic nerve 23:vorticose vein 24:bulbar sheath 25:macula 26:fovea 27:sclera 28:choroid 29:superior rectus muscle 30:retina
394:: A 1–2 mm wide canal within the vitreous, from the space of Martegioni to the space of Berger, along an S-shaped course mainly below the horizontal. It is labelled "hyaloid canal" in the above diagram.
1411:
becomes more dense and vitreous tracts develop; and in adulthood, the tracts become better defined and sinuous. Central vitreous liquefies, fibrillar degeneration occurs, and the tracts break up (
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fibres of the vitreous are held apart by electrical charges. With aging, these charges tend to reduce, and the fibres may clump together. Similarly, the gel may liquefy, a condition known as
1826:
297:(where the retina ends anteriorly), at the Wieger-band, the dorsal side of the lens. The vitreous also firmly attaches to the lens capsule, retinal vessels, and the
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154:
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which are perceived in the visual field as spots or fibrous strands. Floaters are generally harmless, but the sudden onset of recurring floaters may signify a
2322:
1661:"The Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Something More than a Constituent of the Blood-Retinal Barrier? Implications for the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy"
406:: A tuft of fibrous tissue at the optic disc, which represents a remnant of the sheath associated with the hyaloid artery before it subsequently regressed.
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400:: A small circular opacity on the posterior lens capsule, which represents the site of attachment of the hyaloid artery before it subsequently regressed.
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1436:. As the human body ages, the vitreous often liquefies and may collapse. This is more likely to occur, and occurs much earlier, in eyes that are
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Coronary tract: External to the retrolental tract, and excluding posteriorly from a circular zone overlying the posterior 1/3rd of the
2081:
Kokavec, Jan; Min, San H.; Tan, Mei H.; Gilhotra, Jagjit S.; Newland, Henry S.; Durkin, Shane R.; Casson, Robert J. (19 March 2016).
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1712:"Aquaporin-4 water channel protein in the rat retina and optic nerve: polarized expression in Müller cells and fibrous astrocytes"
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278:(or hyaloid membrane or vitreous cortex) separating it from the rest of the eye. It makes up four-fifths of the volume of the
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levels or substances which would be more rapidly diffused, degraded, excreted or metabolized from the general circulation.
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Median tract: Extends back from a circular zone external to the coronary tract, at the anterior margin of the vitreous base
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2121:"Postmortem Vitreous Analyses: Overview, Vitreous Procurement and Pretreatment, Performable Postmortem Vitreous Analyses"
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The vitreous humor is a transparent, colorless, gelatinous mass that fills the space in the eye between the lens and the
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2016:
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2034:"A new model for the estimation of time of death from vitreous potassium levels corrected for age and temperature"
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Patella fossa: Shallow saucer-like concavity anteriorly, in which the lens rests, separated by Berger's space
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Nagelhus, EA; Veruki, ML; Torp, R; Haug, FM; Laake, JH; Nielsen, S; Agre, P; Ottersen, OP (1 April 1998).
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The nature and composition of the vitreous humour changes over the course of life. In adolescence, the
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Sim?, Rafael; Villarroel, Marta; Corraliza, L?dia; Hern?ndez, Cristina; Garcia-Ram?rez, Marta (2010).
358:. Continuous with and invests in the zonular fibres, and extends forward between the ciliary processes
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1455:, allowing cells and other organic clusters to float freely within the vitreous humour. These allow
348:(Wieger's ligament): Circular thickening of vitreous 8-9mm in diameter, delineates the patella fossa
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246:". Vitreous fluid or "liquid vitreous" is the liquid component of the vitreous gel, found after a
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The vitreous fluid is not present at birth (the eye being filled with only the gel-like vitreous
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Retrolental tract: Extends posteriorly from the hyaloideocapsular ligament into central vitreous
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and vitreous humour is so slow that vitreous humour is sometimes the fluid of choice for
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line drawing cross-section of eye, with details of structures in the posterior capsule
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1612:. American Academy of Ophthalmology (2017-2018 ed.). San Francisco, CA. 2017.
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1440:(myopia). It can also occur after injuries to the eye or inflammation in the eye (
282:. The vitreous humour is fluid-like near the centre, and gel-like near the edges.
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2006:
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381:. Firm attachment sites: Along blood vessels and at sites of retinal degeneration
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364:: Denser cortical area of vitreous. Firmly attached to the posterior 2mm of the
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two to four times that of water, giving it a gelatinous consistency. It has a
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2083:"Antemortem vitreous potassium may strengthen postmortem interval estimates"
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The vitreous humour is in contact with the vitreous membrane overlying the
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shaded cross-section of eye, labelling structures in the posterior capsule
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The vitreous body at birth is homogenous with a finely striated pattern.
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Zilg, B.; Bernard, S.; Alkass, K.; Berg, S.; Druid, H. (17 July 2015).
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With early aging the vitreous develops narrow transvitreal "channels".
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The Eye - explanations and diagrams from a McGill
University Web site
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These vitreous tracts are fine sheet-like condensations of vitreous.
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Murphy, William; Black, Jonathan; Hastings, Garth (11 June 2016).
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This image shows another labeled view of the structures of the eye
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From adolescence, vitreous tracts form from anterior to posterior.
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1469:: Once liquid vitreous enters the sub-hyaloid space between the
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If the vitreous pulls away from the retina, it is known as a
242:(also spelled humour), from Latin meaning liquid, or simply "
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1584:
Susan
Standring; Neil R. Borley; et al., eds. (2008).
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The vitreous has many anatomical landmarks, including the
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1827:
Encyclopædia
Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD
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Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice
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and the retina, it may strip the vitreous cortex off the
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Space of
Martegioni: A funnel shaped space overlying the
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227:
215:
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327:, Berger's space, space of Erggelet, Wieger's ligament,
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254:, the other fluid in the eye that is found between the
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Produced by cells in the non-pigmented portion of the
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The cortex is denser than the centre with development.
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1959:
1888:"Biochemical analysis of the living human vitreous"
27:"Vitreous humor" redirects here. For the band, see
1501:The metabolic exchange and equilibration between
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1588:(40th ed.). London: Churchill Livingstone.
1400:, the vitreous humour is derived from embryonic
2308:
471:, which remove unwanted cellular debris in the
289:. Collagen fibrils attach the vitreous at the
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2005:Velpandian, Thirumurthy (29 February 2016).
1825:"eye, human" Encyclopædia Britannica -from
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1640:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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463:Its composition is similar to that of the
51:The vitreous body lies at the back of the
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1165:Physical properties of the vitreous body
450:Preretinal tract: Extends back from the
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677:Inorganic coenzyme content of vitreous
315:transports water to the vitreous body.
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519:Inorganic ion content of vitreous body
318:
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2123:. 30 June 2020 – via eMedicine.
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1404:cells, which degenerate after birth.
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250:. It is not to be confused with the
2008:Pharmacology of Ocular Therapeutics
411:Internal structures of the vitreous
24:
2304:
1963:Handbook of Biomaterial Properties
1729:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-07-02506.1998
1489:After death, the vitreous resists
527:Inorganic ion content of vitreous
55:, between the lens and the retina.
25:
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2152:
1988:"Manganese in the Human Vitreous"
270:. It is surrounded by a layer of
238:. It is often referred to as the
218:that fills the space between the
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1173:Physical properties of vitreous
782:Organic content of vitreous body
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2099:10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.03.027
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2050:10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.07.020
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1998:
1980:
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354:: Vitreous surface anterior to
186:meaning "glass-like"; from
2087:Forensic Science International
2038:Forensic Science International
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1463:or other diseases of the eye.
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1534:Structures of the eye labeled
1467:Posterior vitreous detachment
1461:posterior vitreous detachment
377:: Closely applied to retinal
345:Ligamentum hyaloideocapsulare
331:and the space of Martegiani.
2832:Optical coherence tomography
2586:Photosensitive ganglion cell
1477:with each eye movement (see
790:Organic content of vitreous
368:, and the anterior 2-4mm of
261:
7:
2582:Giant retina ganglion cells
2371:Capillary lamina of choroid
1716:The Journal of Neuroscience
1558:Anterior chamber of eyeball
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10:
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2526:Retinal pigment epithelium
2516:External limiting membrane
1816:, accessed 3 December 2019
1801:, accessed 3 December 2019
1786:, accessed 3 December 2019
1771:, accessed 3 December 2019
379:internal limiting membrane
206: 'glass' and
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2021:– via Google Books.
1976:– via Google Books.
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1289:Freezing-point depression
1190:Data from living humans?
807:Data from living humans?
694:Data from living humans?
544:Data from living humans?
375:Posterior hyaloid surface
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198: 'glassy', from
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1842:retina.anatomy.upenn.edu
2521:Layer of rods and cones
2477:Inner limiting membrane
1847:April 26, 2007, at the
1769:image.slidesharecdn.com
1485:Postmortem and forensic
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2136:Cite journal requires
1814:webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu
479:, which turn over the
459:Biochemical properties
234:) in humans and other
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192:
162:Anatomical terminology
2837:Eye care professional
2642:Foveal avascular zone
2504:Outer plexiform layer
2492:Inner plexiform layer
2447:Iris sphincter muscle
2340:
1644:) CS1 maint: others (
1423:Clinical significance
867:Total protein content
491:type II fibrils with
404:Bergmeister's papilla
29:Vitreous Humor (band)
2857:Physiological Optics
2827:Ocular immune system
2566:Retina ganglion cell
1503:systemic circulation
1496:post-mortem interval
1011:Beta-hydroxybutyrate
993:α1-Acid glycoprotein
957:Immunoglobulin (IgG)
2681:Anatomical regions
2542:Photoreceptor cells
2509:Outer nuclear layer
2497:Inner nuclear layer
2487:Ganglion cell layer
2442:Iris dilator muscle
2237:Trabecular meshwork
1765:Anatomical relation
1678:10.1155/2010/190724
1610:Retina and vitreous
1434:vitreous detachment
1326:Intrinsic viscosity
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388:with condensed edge
319:Anatomical features
248:vitreous detachment
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1839:The Vitreous Humor
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798:Mean concentration
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685:Mean concentration
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535:Mean concentration
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155:58827 67388, 58827
2888:Human eye anatomy
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2862:Visual perception
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2777:Posterior segment
2745:Posterior chamber
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2578:Bistratified cell
2482:Nerve fiber layer
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2399:Ciliary processes
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1595:978-0-8089-2371-8
1521:Additional images
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454:and vitreous base
443:ciliary processes
335:Surface features:
276:vitreous membrane
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16:(Redirected from
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2730:Anterior chamber
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40:Vitreous humor
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18:Vitreous humor
9:
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2:
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2748:
2746:
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2728:
2726:
2725:Fibrous tunic
2723:
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2225:
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2222:
2220:
2216:
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2209:
2208:Fibrous tunic
2205:
2201:
2197:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2177:
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2170:
2169:
2166:
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2108:
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2100:
2096:
2092:
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2069:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2020:
2018:9783319254982
2014:
2010:
2009:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1975:
1973:9781493933051
1969:
1965:
1964:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
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1865:
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1559:
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1555:
1542:
1537:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1482:
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1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
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1420:
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1365:
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1232:Water content
1230:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1137:Ascorbic acid
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
991:
990:
986:
984:
981:
978:
976:
973:
972:
968:
966:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
950:
948:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
932:
930:
927:
924:
922:
919:
918:
914:
912:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
896:
894:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
878:
876:
873:
870:
868:
865:
864:
860:
858:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
842:
840:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
824:
822:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
793:
787:
786:
780:
779:
765:
763:
760:
757:
755:
752:
751:
747:
745:
742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
729:
727:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
711:
709:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
680:
669:
667:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
651:
649:
646:
643:
641:
638:
637:
633:
631:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
615:
613:
610:
607:
605:
602:
601:
597:
595:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
579:
577:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
561:
559:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
530:
524:
523:
517:
516:
512:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
453:
449:
446:
444:
440:
437:
436:
435:
434:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
414:
413:
412:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
383:
380:
376:
373:
371:
367:
363:
362:Vitreous base
360:
357:
353:
350:
342:
339:
338:
337:
336:
332:
330:
326:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
259:
257:
253:
252:aqueous humor
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
212:
211:
205:
204:
203:
197:
196:
195:
189:
185:
181:
180:vitreous body
169:
163:
159:
156:
153:
151:
147:
144:
140:
137:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
119:
115:
112:
109:
107:
103:
100:
99:humor vitreus
97:
95:
91:
86:
83:
82:Visual system
80:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
59:
54:
48:
43:
38:
30:
19:
2856:
2789:
2750:Ciliary body
2590:Diencephalon
2589:
2574:Parasol cell
2558:Bipolar cell
2409:Pars plicata
2391:Ciliary body
2259:
2129:cite journal
2115:
2090:
2086:
2076:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2011:. Springer.
2007:
2000:
1992:ResearchGate
1991:
1982:
1966:. Springer.
1962:
1895:. Retrieved
1892:ResearchGate
1891:
1841:
1834:
1821:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1791:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1751:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1609:
1604:
1585:
1515:
1509:analysis of
1500:
1491:putrefaction
1488:
1465:
1446:
1431:
1417:
1406:
1398:ciliary body
1395:
1390:
1388:
1119:Pyruvic acid
485:
473:visual field
462:
433:Named tracts
432:
431:
410:
409:
334:
333:
322:
309:Müller cells
303:
284:
265:
244:the vitreous
243:
239:
207:
199:
191:
183:
179:
177:
127:A15.2.06.008
123:A15.2.06.014
98:
2883:Body fluids
2842:Eye disease
2822:Keratocytes
2711:Conjunctiva
2668:Ora serrata
2606:Muller glia
2570:Midget cell
2290:Endothelium
2280:Dua's layer
2059:10616/44849
1438:nearsighted
1385:Development
1254:7.4 to 7.52
1126:mg/dL water
1108:mg/dL water
1090:mg/dL water
1072:mg/dL water
1047:Transferrin
658:Bicarbonate
452:ora serrata
356:ora serrata
305:Aquaporin 4
295:ora serrata
274:called the
236:vertebrates
88:Identifiers
2877:Categories
2683:of the eye
2656:Optic disc
2414:Pars plana
2285:Descemet's
2265:Epithelium
2044:: 158–66.
1897:2016-03-09
1671:: 190724.
1628:1003266782
1564:References
1507:postmortem
1453:synaeresis
1402:mesenchyme
1267:Osmolality
1236:99 to 99.7
1083:Creatinine
885:Hyaluronan
665:g/kg water
662:1.2 to 3.0
644:0.1 to 3.3
511:of 1.336.
497:hyaluronan
481:hyaluronan
477:hyalocytes
469:phagocytes
386:optic disc
366:pars plana
258:and lens.
2661:Optic cup
2546:Cone cell
2200:human eye
1636:cite book
1413:syneresis
1187:Reference
979:141 ± 2.9
804:Reference
754:Manganese
691:Reference
640:Phosphate
622:Magnesium
568:Potassium
541:Reference
505:viscosity
262:Structure
2550:Rod cell
2355:(middle)
2270:Bowman's
2107:27080618
2068:26232848
1845:Archived
1697:20182540
1552:See also
1457:floaters
1449:collagen
1330:3–5 × 10
1178:Property
1029:Ferritin
961:33.5 ± 3
943:293 ± 18
921:Collagen
903:Versican
871:280–1360
718:Selenium
586:Chloride
489:collagen
293:and the
272:collagen
222:and the
184:vitreous
2802:Choroid
2703:Eyebrow
2647:Foveola
2463:(inner)
2363:Choroid
2211:(outer)
2198:of the
2093:: e18.
1748:9502811
1739:6793100
1688:2825554
1511:glucose
1479:Saccade
1442:uveitis
1308:Density
1274:mOsm/kg
1144:mg/100g
1101:Citrate
1087:0.3–3.0
997:4 ± 0.7
939:Albumin
831:Lactate
813:Glucose
604:Calcium
501:opticin
280:eyeball
228:eyeball
226:of the
194:vitreus
111:D014822
66:Part of
61:Details
2797:Retina
2707:Eyelid
2699:Adnexa
2622:Macula
2602:K cell
2598:M cell
2594:P cell
2470:Layers
2461:Retina
2432:Stroma
2275:Stroma
2260:layers
2255:Limbus
2247:Cornea
2219:Sclera
2105:
2066:
2015:
1970:
1746:
1736:
1695:
1685:
1626:
1616:
1592:
1475:retina
1428:Injury
1214:Weight
1196:Volume
1069:24–172
1018:mmol/L
889:42–400
849:Lipids
838:mmol/L
820:mmol/L
795:Solute
761:nmol/L
743:μmol/L
725:μmol/L
707:μmol/L
700:Copper
682:Solute
647:mEq/dm
629:mmol/L
611:mmol/L
593:mmol/L
575:mmol/L
557:mmol/L
550:Sodium
532:Solute
475:, and
465:cornea
370:retina
299:macula
287:retina
268:retina
256:cornea
224:retina
202:vitrum
77:System
2815:Other
2719:Orbit
2637:Fovea
2615:Other
2552:) → (
2535:Cells
2437:Pupil
2353:tunic
2196:globe
1753:space
1271:289.5
1184:Units
1181:Value
1051:0.088
1033:19.52
1015:0.094
1000:μg/cm
982:μg/cm
964:μg/cm
946:μg/cm
928:μg/mL
910:μg/cm
892:μg/cm
874:μg/cm
856:μg/mL
801:Units
758:110.7
722:0.104
688:Units
590:121.6
554:146.7
538:Units
230:(the
190:
188:Latin
166:[
94:Latin
2755:Lens
2740:Iris
2588:) →
2564:) →
2556:) →
2424:Iris
2142:help
2103:PMID
2064:PMID
2013:ISBN
1968:ISBN
1829:2009
1744:PMID
1693:PMID
1669:2010
1646:link
1642:link
1624:OCLC
1614:ISBN
1590:ISBN
1447:The
1391:body
1333:cm/g
1315:g/cm
1279:Yes
1065:Urea
1059:Yes
1041:Yes
1036:μg/L
1023:Yes
843:Yes
835:3.97
825:Yes
817:2.97
766:Yes
748:Yes
740:3.11
736:Iron
730:Yes
712:Yes
704:0.52
634:Yes
616:Yes
608:1.13
598:Yes
580:Yes
572:5.73
562:Yes
313:rats
220:lens
210:-eus
178:The
143:6814
139:6809
118:TA98
106:MeSH
2560:→ (
2095:doi
2091:263
2054:hdl
2046:doi
2042:254
1734:PMC
1724:doi
1683:PMC
1673:doi
1481:).
1444:).
1415:).
1373:No
1356:No
1348:1.6
1338:No
1320:No
1302:No
1261:No
1244:No
1226:No
1218:3.9
1208:No
1200:3.9
1149:No
1131:No
1123:7.3
1113:No
1105:1.9
1095:No
1077:No
1054:g/L
1005:No
987:No
969:No
951:No
933:No
925:300
915:No
897:No
879:No
861:No
670:No
652:No
626:0.9
311:in
307:in
216:gel
150:FMA
134:TA2
70:Eye
53:eye
2879::
2717:,
2713:,
2709:,
2705:,
2604:,
2600:,
2596:,
2592::
2584:,
2580:,
2576:,
2572:,
2548:,
2133::
2131:}}
2127:{{
2101:.
2089:.
2085:.
2062:.
2052:.
2040:.
2036:.
1990:.
1906:^
1890:.
1855:^
1750:.
1742:.
1732:.
1720:18
1718:.
1714:.
1691:.
1681:.
1667:.
1663:.
1638:}}
1634:{{
1622:.
1572:^
1351:cP
1297:°C
1250:pH
1203:mL
1141:36
907:60
499:,
495:,
483:.
141:,
2721:)
2701:(
2568:(
2544:(
2187:e
2180:t
2173:v
2144:)
2140:(
2109:.
2097::
2070:.
2056::
2048::
1900:.
1726::
1699:.
1675::
1648:)
1630:.
1598:.
1494:(
1291:)
1287:(
1239:%
1221:g
853:2
182:(
170:]
31:.
20:)
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