417:, Vitol's key strategic asset in the Middle East is the Fujairah Refinery Company Limited (FRCL), which operates an 82,000 barrel per day refinery and a 1,034,000 cubic meter tank farm. FRCL has further development plans in place, which include a 140,000 cubic meter expansion of the tank farm, refurbishment of existing refining units and the installation of additional processing units. Vitol also has invested in refining assets in Bayernoil (Germany), Cressier (Switzerland), Antwerp (Belgium) and the Geelong refinery near Melbourne (Australia). In 2018, Vitol bought the 85,000 barrel per day Rotterdam Condensate Splitter from
214:
194:
116:
27:
374:. In 2023, Vitol was the world's largest independent energy trader. The company confirmed in 2024 that it was expanding into metals, with the CEO calling it a "relatively small addition to our business." It had received net profits over $ 28 billion over the prior two years. It had previously, in the 1990s, had little success with metals trading when it purchased
297:. Given the secrecy Vitol maintains around all its business activities and the limited nature of its statutory disclosures, it is excluded from rankings. The company, however, does provide some more financial information to its lenders and to a few other entities with which it trades. The company ships more than 350 million tonnes of
301:
per year and controls 250 supertankers and other vessels to move it around the world. On average it handles more than 7.6 million barrels a day of oil and products, roughly equivalent to the daily consumption of Japan, the world's fourth-largest oil consumer after the United States, China, and India.
314:
In 2021, Vitol's revenues doubled to around $ 279 billion, after oil demand spiked after the end of pandemic lockdowns. In 2021, its website stated it traded 7.6 million barrels of crude and other oil products. In 2022, Vitol Group said it would stop trading
Russian crude and oil products by the end
270:
in 1966 by Henk Viëtor and
Jacques Detiger. Though trading, logistics, and distribution are at the core of its business, these are notably complemented by refining, shipping, terminals, exploration and production, power generation, and retail businesses. Vitol has over 40 offices worldwide, with its
389:
Vitol (45% stake), along with IFM Investors (45% stake) and Abu Dhabi
National Oil Company (10% stake), own VTTI B.V., a storage and terminals business with a capacity of around 8.7 million cubic meters (MCM) in 11 countries: Netherlands (1.328 MCM + 1.118 MCM), Latvia (1.195 MCM), UAE (1.180 MCM),
329:
In early 2024, Vitol held a 10.4% stake in Saras, the owner of the
Sarroch refiner plant in Sardinia. That April, Italy's government partly approved Vitol's plan to take over the company for $ 1.83 billion. State-run GAIL (India) Ltd. signed a 10 year import deal with Vitol in early 2024, for
305:
Vitol is a privately held company by about 400 partners who are current and former employees, who are known for their intense culture of privacy and secrecy from both competitors and the general public. It is reported that Vitol made a payout of $ 2.9 billion to all its partners in 2021.
629:
In 2020, Vitol Inc. agreed to pay a combined total criminal penalty of $ 135 million to resolve bribery charges with law enforcement authorities in the United States and Brazil. The resolution arises out of Vitol schemes to pay bribes to officials in Brazil, Ecuador and Mexico.
429:
Vitol, through its wholly owned subsidiaries Arawak Energy
Limited and Vitol E&P, has interests in various exploration and production projects worldwide. Arawak Energy is mainly focused on the FSU where it produces oil and gas in Ukraine,
496:
plant (CHP) is one of the largest of its kind in Europe, capable of generating 1,240 MW and up to 930 tonnes of steam per hour which is used by nearby refineries. The gas-fired plant provides approximately 2.5% of UK peak electricity demand.
1905:
1678:
1969:
1623:
326:. It had made $ 15.1 billion in 2022, and $ 4 billion in 2021. In 2024, it had approximately 450 senior partners in London, Geneva, Singapore, and Houston. In 2022, it had shareholder equity of $ 25.8 billion.
637:
through exploiting a loophole in EU sanctions to bring products derived from
Russian oil into Europe, though Turkey. Vitol, in April 2022, had pledged to cease trading Russian origin crude oil and product.
1883:
321:
In April 2024, it remained the world's largest independent commodity trader. It does not publicly release financial results, but in 2023, it reportedly made $ 13 billion in net profit, according to the
626:
on the French
Southern virtual Gas Trading Point (“PEG Sud”) between 1 June 2013 and 31 March 2014. Vitol appealed this decision, but the French Council of State confirmed the sanction in June 2021.
2002:
1001:
1155:
1909:
765:
2033:
1738:
680:
1670:
740:
290:
With revenues of $ 505 billion in 2022, Vitol is the largest independent energy trader in the world, and would be the second-largest company worldwide as measured by revenue on the
1347:
1961:
593:, the company was approached by the Qatari national oil company to sell a cargo of crude oil supplied by the Libyans in exchange for technological supplies and fuel for the
1615:
1319:
468:
Further, in
January 2015, Vitol in collaboration with Eni signed a $ 7 billion agreement with the government, for the production of oil and gas at Cape Three Points in
480:
Vitol
Aviation is focused on Europe, North America and Africa, serving the world’s largest airlines and military customers with 5.7 million tonnes of jet fuel a year.
563:
to settle a deal with a
Serbian Oil company, Orion. Vitol has denied all charges, arguing that no government agency has ever prosecuted the company in this respect.
461:
Refinery and its 870-site retail business, along with its bulk fuels, bitumen, chemicals and part of its lubricants businesses in Australia. The business trades as
1879:
390:
Belgium (0.965 MCM), Malaysia (0.893 MCM), Cyprus (0.544 MCM), USA (0.452 MCM), Argentina (0.218 MCM), Kenya (0.111 MCM), Russia (0.049 MCM), Nigeria (0.016 MCM).
394:
held a 50% stake in VTTI from May 2010 until August 2015. In April 2022, Vitol announced its intention to stop trading Russian petrol by the end of 2022 due to
1760:
395:
1857:
1415:
401:
In January 2012, Vitol acquired a stake in a subsidiary of the South African shipping firm Grindrod, which gives it access to a coal terminal in Mozambique.
1939:
1994:
1032:
715:
646:
Vitol Asia Pte Ltd operates as an energy and commodities company, and offers refining, trading, shipping, and storage of crude oil and energy products.
1795:
1125:
997:
622:
In 2018, The Dispute Settlement and Sanctions Committee of CRE, the French Energy Regulatory Commission, fined VITOL S.A. €5 million for engaging in
1147:
762:
649:
The company was founded in April 1990 and is headquartered in Singapore. The CEO of this subsidiary has been Mike Muller since 10 September 2019.
505:
In 2021, Vitol had 1.2 GW of renewable power generation currently operational, planned & with further investments across the energy spectrum.
1434:
1065:
2025:
1730:
672:
1571:
2135:
1827:
1708:
1520:
1184:
1095:
974:
822:
2093:
2064:
736:
1354:
375:
619:
alleged that the company had been using, for over a decade, an Employee Benefit Trust, avoiding paying income tax for its UK staff.
1906:"The Dispute Settlement and Sanctions Committee (CoRDiS) imposes a penalty for market manipulations on the wholesale energy market"
1589:
1389:
915:
843:
792:
1458:
1313:
1279:
880:
633:
In 2023, both Shell and Vitol were accused by Oleg Ustenko, the economic advisor to the Ukrainian president, of prolonging the
594:
609:
438:, while Vitol E&P holds a portfolio of exploration and development assets along the West African Transform Margin in
608:
vessel and sold it to Chinese traders. It was also stated that Vitol is based in Switzerland, which did not implement
1849:
1764:
1550:
1546:
1931:
605:
1024:
707:
944:
1787:
1648:
1480:
1117:
450:
634:
600:
In September 2012, it was alleged that the company had bought and sold Iranian fuel oil, bypassing an EU
1208:
1056:
318:
In 2024, it owned and operated five power plants in the UK through VPI, a partially owned subsidiary.
1995:"Vitol Inc. Agrees to Pay Over $ 135 Million to Resolve Charges for Bribery Schemes in Latin America"
1575:
259:
1700:
1333:
1299:
1265:
1228:
1818:
1511:
1246:
1176:
1087:
966:
814:
2085:
2056:
575:
489:
457:(excluding aviation) for a total of approximately AU$ 2.9 billion. The purchase included Shell's
604:. Vitol bought 2 million barrels using a ship-to-ship transfer off the coast of Malaysia from a
601:
469:
179:
37:
2145:
1593:
2140:
363:
8:
623:
386:
In total, Vitol has around 16 million cubic meters of storage capacity across the globe.
585:, Vitol was the company to organise the first controversial sale of Libyan rebel oil to
1381:
907:
851:
788:
586:
359:
291:
174:
55:
1450:
1327:
1293:
1259:
1222:
872:
263:
371:
338:
In addition to the global crude and product trading businesses, the company trades
50:
559:
stated that in 1995 Vitol had secretly paid US$ 1 million to Serbian war criminal
1252:
769:
454:
418:
578:
program. Vitol subsequently paid $ 17.5 million in restitution for its actions.
570:
in a New York court for paying surcharges to Iraq's national oil company during
774:
571:
1671:"Gov't signs $ 7billion oil and gas agreement to produce 1100 megawatts power"
2129:
1416:"Shell and Vitol accused of prolonging Ukraine war with sanctions 'loophole'"
142:
1420:
555:
493:
169:
159:
1542:
815:"Vitol posts $ 13bn profits in second consecutive year of bumper results"
472:. The contract is expected to help meet Ghana's burgeoning energy needs.
462:
443:
391:
343:
673:"Meet The Mysterious Trading Firms Who Control The Price Of Commodities"
1248:
Vitol posts $ 13bn profits in second consecutive year of bumper results
435:
431:
206:
164:
2026:"Derivatives Regulator Uses Dodd-Frank Rule to Target Foreign Bribery"
1616:"Vitol to retain jobs at Geelong refinery after buying Shell's assets"
936:
298:
284:
267:
80:
2086:"Energy trader Vitol appoints Mike Muller new head of Asia trading"
1348:"Vitol, RNK Capital Complete Inaugural Trade on The Green Exchange"
465:, although the Shell brand remains on many of its retail products.
355:
351:
1353:(Press release). Evolution Markets Inc. 2008-03-17. Archived from
1148:"Oil Giant Vitol Hands Record $ 2.9 billion Payout to Its Traders"
998:"Vitol Said to Post Highest Profit Since 2011 as Oil Prices Swing"
520:
Natural Gas: over 20 billion cubic meters of physical gas globally
449:
In February 2014, it was reported that Vitol, in concert with the
1285:
567:
458:
414:
367:
347:
276:
1644:
1543:"Vitol перестанет торговать российской нефтью к концу 2022 года"
1488:
1512:"Vitol buys out oil tank partner's stake in VTTI BV for $ 830m"
529:
Gasoline: 1 million barrels of physical gasoline traded per day
280:
272:
101:
1850:"Exclusive: Vitol trades Iranian fuel oil, skirting sanctions"
1436:
Vitol CEO confirms energy trading giant is getting into metals
560:
439:
410:
26:
339:
197:
1177:"Oil trader Vitol hands top staff equivalent of $ 7m each"
1088:"Oil trader Vitol hands top staff equivalent of $ 7m each"
1214:
763:"Top Trader Vitol Has New CEO as Taylor Becomes Chairman"
1025:"Corrected: Commodity Traders: The trillion dollar club"
2057:"Research Guides: Commodities: Commodity trading firms"
1315:
India's GAIL Signs 10-Year LNG Purchase Deal with Vitol
517:
Oil: 367 million tonnes of crude oil and product sales
396:
international sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
1210:
World’s top oil trader will stop buying Russian crude
538:
Carbon: 49 mm tonnes of contracted carbon volume
2118:
544:
Chemicals: 4 million tonnes (Benzene and Paraxylene)
1880:"Oil trader Vitol in talks over tax-avoidance bill"
1281:
Italy sets conditions for Vitol's takeover of Saras
244:
1817:
1788:"US refiner Tesoro buys cargo of Libyan rebel oil"
1510:
1055:
488:In 2013, Vitol invested in its first power plant,
2127:
1509:Sheppard, David; Raval, Anjli (21 August 2015).
1057:"Oil trader Vitol's profits rebound to $ 1.35bn"
1731:"Controversial background of No campaign donor"
701:
699:
697:
381:
1699:Barnett, Antony; Bright, Martin (2001-07-01).
1590:"UAE's Fujairah sells refinery stake to Vitol"
1572:"Vitol buys stake in Grindrod's coal terminal"
667:
665:
663:
661:
1698:
1508:
708:"Commodity Traders: The trillion dollar club"
424:
1761:"Swiss Commodities Business May Be Revamped"
1376:
1374:
1118:"The unseen hand that moves the world's oil"
778:, 15 March 2018. Retrieved on 16 March 2018.
737:"Top ten global oil and commodities traders"
694:
658:
1819:"Risky oil supply deal pays off for Vitol"
453:, had bought the downstream businesses of
16:Dutch energy and commodity trading company
1371:
1785:
1022:
705:
1989:
1987:
1668:
1582:
1115:
1109:
1016:
967:"Oil traders face heat over disclosure"
566:In 2007, Vitol pleaded guilty to grand
535:Power: 93 TWh of power sales contracted
104:, Switzerland; Rotterdam, Netherlands
2128:
1942:from the original on December 15, 2019
1830:from the original on February 13, 2017
1613:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1203:
1201:
1068:from the original on 13 September 2016
905:
812:
743:from the original on November 13, 2019
595:National Transitional Council of Libya
589:in early April 2011. According to the
2036:from the original on January 19, 2021
2023:
2005:from the original on January 20, 2021
1886:from the original on February 1, 2014
1860:from the original on 14 February 2016
1592:. Reuters. 2007-05-04. Archived from
1128:from the original on 24 February 2015
1035:from the original on 28 December 2015
977:from the original on 26 November 2022
641:
2136:Oil and gas companies of Switzerland
1984:
1815:
1053:
1023:Schneyer, Joshua (28 October 2011).
995:
964:
901:
899:
897:
612:, so Vitol had skirted the charges.
1932:"Vitol response to CoRDiS decision"
1427:
1404:
1306:
1272:
1235:
1198:
13:
2024:Tokar, Dylan (December 22, 2020).
1972:from the original on June 29, 2021
1816:Blas, Javier (September 5, 2011).
1741:from the original on March 5, 2014
1523:from the original on 17 April 2021
1481:"VTTI - Terminals - Better placed"
1392:from the original on April 4, 2019
1340:
1047:
14:
2157:
2110:
1414:Lawson, Alex (19 February 2023),
1004:from the original on 28 July 2019
894:
1478:
761:Hoffman, Andy and Blas, Javier.
751:– via www.telegraph.co.uk.
548:
213:
212:
193:
192:
115:
114:
25:
2096:from the original on 2023-07-17
2078:
2067:from the original on 2020-02-20
2054:
2048:
2017:
1954:
1924:
1898:
1872:
1842:
1809:
1798:from the original on 2021-05-15
1786:Schneyer, Joshua (2011-05-25).
1779:
1753:
1723:
1711:from the original on 2014-05-10
1692:
1681:from the original on 2017-06-01
1662:
1651:from the original on 2015-09-01
1637:
1626:from the original on 2014-02-24
1607:
1564:
1553:from the original on 2022-04-13
1535:
1502:
1472:
1461:from the original on 2021-01-20
1443:
1382:"Vitol 2018 volumes and review"
1187:from the original on 2022-11-24
1169:
1158:from the original on 2022-03-18
1140:
1098:from the original on 2022-11-24
1080:
989:
958:
947:from the original on 2022-03-07
929:
918:from the original on 2022-12-01
908:"Vitol 2021 volumes and review"
883:from the original on 2022-11-25
825:from the original on 2024-04-08
795:from the original on 2024-03-26
789:"Vitol 2023 volumes and review"
718:from the original on 2015-12-28
706:Schneyer, Joshua (2011-10-28).
683:from the original on 2012-04-27
606:National Iranian Tanker Company
581:According to an article in the
1669:Gadugah, Nathan (2015-01-27).
996:Blas, Javier (19 March 2015).
965:Blas, Javier (23 April 2012).
865:
836:
806:
781:
755:
729:
1:
1701:"Oil chief paid m to warlord"
652:
574:regime and circumventing the
309:
1614:Fowles, Shane (2014-02-21).
1245:Wilson, Tom (7 April 2024),
1054:Hume, Neil (19 March 2015).
813:Wilson, Tom (8 April 2024).
541:Methanol: 1.4 million tonnes
532:Coal: over 30 million tonnes
500:
451:Abu Dhabi Investment Council
382:Terminals and infrastructure
266:company that was founded in
175:Exploration & Production
7:
1962:"Council of State decision"
475:
404:
70:; 58 years ago
10:
2162:
1320:Pipeline & Gas Journal
906:McNair, Ros (2022-03-21).
526:Naphtha: 15 million tonnes
508:
425:Exploration and production
409:In addition to offices in
333:
2061:researchguides.smu.edu.sg
1647:. Viva Energy Australia.
370:, bitumen, base oils and
239:
229:
221:
204:
188:
165:Shipping & Chartering
152:
133:
123:
108:
97:
87:
64:
43:
33:
24:
2044:– via www.wsj.com.
483:
160:Energy & Commodities
1645:"Viva Energy Australia"
1451:"Terminals and storage"
610:international sanctions
513:In 2018, Vitol traded:
494:combined heat and power
470:Western Region of Ghana
330:liquefied natural gas.
258:is a Swiss-based Dutch
170:Terminals & Storage
602:embargo against Tehran
523:LPG: 14 million tonnes
271:largest operations in
1856:. 26 September 2012.
225:Vitol Holding II S.A.
217:US$ 13 billion (2023)
2001:. December 3, 2020.
1882:. 30 December 2012.
1332:: CS1 maint: year (
1298:: CS1 maint: year (
1264:: CS1 maint: year (
1227:: CS1 maint: year (
873:"Operating globally"
2030:Wall Street Journal
1938:. October 9, 2018.
1912:on October 20, 2018
624:market manipulation
231:Number of employees
110:Number of locations
21:
1620:Geelong Advertiser
1388:. March 19, 2019.
768:2019-07-28 at the
739:. April 15, 2011.
642:Vitol Asia Pte Ltd
587:Tesoro Corporation
553:A 2001 article in
200:404 billion (2023)
19:
1968:. June 18, 2021.
1737:. 10 April 2013.
1439:, Bloomberg, 2024
791:. 26 March 2024.
264:commodity trading
253:
252:
2153:
2122:
2121:
2119:Official website
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2055:Lim, Hwee Ming.
2052:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1908:. Archived from
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1821:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1767:on April 3, 2014
1763:. Archived from
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:on July 17, 2012
1586:
1580:
1579:
1574:. Archived from
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1514:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1487:. Archived from
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1352:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1323:
1322:, 5 January 2024
1310:
1304:
1303:
1297:
1289:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1255:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1218:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1116:O'Keefe, Brian.
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1059:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
962:
956:
955:
953:
952:
933:
927:
926:
924:
923:
903:
892:
891:
889:
888:
869:
863:
862:
860:
859:
850:. Archived from
840:
834:
833:
831:
830:
810:
804:
803:
801:
800:
785:
779:
759:
753:
752:
750:
748:
733:
727:
726:
724:
723:
703:
692:
691:
689:
688:
669:
492:in the UK. The
372:carbon emissions
249:
246:
216:
215:
196:
195:
180:Power Generation
118:
117:
78:
76:
71:
29:
22:
18:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2099:
2097:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2070:
2068:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1999:www.justice.gov
1993:
1992:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1889:
1887:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1824:Financial Times
1814:
1810:
1801:
1799:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1697:
1693:
1684:
1682:
1667:
1663:
1654:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1629:
1627:
1612:
1608:
1599:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1517:Financial Times
1507:
1503:
1494:
1492:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1462:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1412:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1325:
1324:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1291:
1290:
1288:, 26 April 2024
1278:
1277:
1273:
1257:
1256:
1253:Financial Times
1243:
1236:
1220:
1219:
1217:, 13 April 2022
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