117:
their feelings about the approaching birth by responding to the question “How do you feel right now about the approaching birth?” on a paper with two 100 mm VAS-scale printed on it. They indicate their feeling and respond by placing a mark on the lines with the anchor words “calm/worried” and “no fear/strong fear”. The two values on the VAS-scales are added up to give a total score ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate higher levels of fear, and the cut-off point for fear of birth is 60. Later on, FOBS, was then developed and tested based on Rouhe’s research in pregnant women in both Sweden and
Australia. There have also been studies on pregnant women's thoughts when assessing fear of birth on the Fear of Birth Scale.
116:
The usage of a visual analogue scale (VAS) measuring fear of birth (FOB) was first initiated by Rouhe et al. FOBS is used to identify pregnant women with a fear of birth (FOB). It is a visual analogue scale (like VAS) that cover two constructs: worry and fear. The pregnant women are asked to rate
58:. The sensitivity and reproducibility of the results are broadly very similar, although the VAS may outperform the other scales in some cases. These advantages extend to measurement instruments made up from combinations of visual analogue scales, such as semantic differentials.
35:. It is a measurement instrument for subjective characteristics or attitudes that cannot be directly measured. When responding to a VAS item, respondents specify their level of agreement to a statement by indicating a position along a continuous line between two end points.
183:
Grant, S.; Aitchison, T.; Henderson, E.; Christie, J.; Zare, S.; McMurray, J.; Dargie, H. (1999). "A comparison of the reproducibility and the sensitivity to change of visual analogue scales, Borg scales, and Likert scales in normal subjects during submaximal exercise".
93:(NRS) were the best adapted pain scales for pain measurement in endometriosis. For research purposes, and for more detailed pain measurement in clinical practice, the review suggested use of VAS or NRS for each type of typical pain related to endometriosis (
47:. There is evidence showing that visual analogue scales have superior metrical characteristics than discrete scales, thus a wider range of statistical methods can be applied to the measurements.
843:
281:
Sinha S, Schreiner AJ, Biernaskie J, Nickerson D, Gabriel VA (June 2017). "Treating pain on skin graft donor sites: review and clinical recommendations".
66:
Recent advances in methodologies for
Internet-based research include the development and evaluation of visual analogue scales for use in Internet-based
838:
373:
Adamchic, I; Langguth, B; Hauptmann, C; Tass, PA (2012). "Psychometric evaluation of visual analog scale for the assessment of chronic tinnitus".
140:
71:
220:
507:"Higher prevalence of childbirth related fear in foreign born pregnant women – Findings from a community sample in Sweden"
221:"Why semantic differentials in Web-based research should be made from visual analogue scales and not from 5-point scales"
833:
793:
113:
scale. VAS is being increasingly used for the assessment of loudness and annoyance of acute and chronic tinnitus.
954:
640:
70:. One electronic version of the VAS that employs a 10 cm scale and various customizations is available on the
760:
460:"Exploring the Fear of Birth Scale in a mixed population of women of childbearing age—A Swedish pilot study"
726:
1023:
412:
106:
43:
This continuous (or "analogue") aspect of the scale differentiates it from discrete scales such as the
546:"Cross-cultural comparison of levels of childbirth-related fear in an Australian and Swedish sample"
1064:
1059:
992:
141:"Interval level measurement with visual analogue scales in Internet-based research: VAS Generator"
584:
545:
506:
459:
1069:
458:
Hildingsson, Ingegerd; Rubertsson, Christine; Karlström, Annika; Haines, Helen (October 2018).
90:
1038:
755:
949:
505:
Ternström, Elin; Hildingsson, Ingegerd; Haines, Helen; Rubertsson, Christine (April 2015).
583:
Ternström, Elin; Hildingsson, Ingegerd; Haines, Helen; Rubertsson, Christine (June 2016).
544:
Haines, Helen; Pallant, Julie F.; Karlström, Annika; Hildingsson, Ingegerd (August 2011).
386:
8:
102:
703:
633:
487:
440:
306:
243:
1028:
1008:
901:
604:
565:
526:
479:
432:
428:
390:
355:
347:
298:
201:
165:
491:
444:
310:
247:
866:
716:
596:
585:"Pregnant women's thoughts when assessing fear of birth on the Fear of Birth Scale"
557:
518:
471:
424:
382:
337:
290:
265:
235:
193:
155:
969:
936:
921:
110:
600:
475:
413:"Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history"
324:
Bourdel, N.; Alves, J.; Pickering, G.; Ramilo, I.; Roman, H.; Canis, M. (2014).
294:
1013:
916:
783:
561:
522:
1053:
911:
876:
828:
788:
626:
351:
239:
197:
82:
67:
32:
28:
342:
326:"Systematic review of endometriosis pain assessment: how to choose a scale?"
325:
823:
808:
803:
608:
569:
530:
483:
436:
394:
359:
302:
205:
169:
94:
51:
44:
1033:
959:
944:
906:
861:
818:
813:
711:
685:
160:
98:
260:
U.-D. Reips (2006) Web-based methods. In M. Eid & E. Diener (Eds.),
982:
896:
734:
670:
86:
78:
55:
269:
89:
donor site-related pain. A review came to the conclusion that VAS and
1018:
987:
977:
871:
798:
778:
770:
742:
693:
680:
582:
504:
457:
675:
411:
Rouhe, H; Salmela-Aro, K; Halmesmäki, E; Saisto, T (January 2009).
747:
543:
280:
264:(pp. 73-85). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
410:
182:
417:
372:
649:
323:
50:
The VAS can be compared to other linear scales such as the
844:
congenital insensitivity to pain with partial anhidrosis
618:
262:Handbook of multimethod measurement in psychology
1051:
839:congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
317:
634:
406:
404:
134:
132:
130:
38:
74:for use in research and workplace settings.
641:
627:
401:
218:
212:
138:
127:
341:
159:
1052:
622:
31:response scale that can be used in
13:
14:
1081:
834:Congenital insensitivity to pain
794:Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder
429:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02002.x
576:
537:
498:
387:10.1044/1059-0889(2012/12-0010)
219:Funke, F; Reips, U.-D. (2012).
139:Reips, U.-D.; Funke, F (2008).
451:
366:
274:
254:
176:
1:
375:American Journal of Audiology
120:
7:
601:10.1016/j.wombi.2015.11.009
476:10.1016/j.wombi.2017.12.005
295:10.1097/TA.0000000000001615
16:Psychometric response scale
10:
1086:
562:10.1016/j.midw.2010.05.004
523:10.1016/j.midw.2014.11.011
107:clinical global impression
39:Comparison to other scales
1001:
968:
935:
889:
854:
769:
725:
702:
663:
656:
330:Human Reproduction Update
148:Behavior Research Methods
648:
283:J Trauma Acute Care Surg
240:10.1177/1525822X12444061
198:10.1378/chest.116.5.1208
955:Posteromarginal nucleus
890:Measurement and testing
77:VAS is the most common
61:
91:numerical rating scale
81:for quantification of
1039:Drug-seeking behavior
927:Visual analogue scale
343:10.1093/humupd/dmu046
105:), combined with the
21:visual analogue scale
950:Anterolateral system
161:10.3758/BRM.40.3.699
103:chronic pelvic pain
1029:Philosophy of pain
704:Respiratory system
101:and non-menstrual
85:-related pain and
1047:
1046:
902:Cold pressor test
885:
884:
270:10.1037/11383-006
1077:
1002:Related concepts
993:Pain eradication
751:
738:
689:
661:
660:
657:By region/system
643:
636:
629:
620:
619:
613:
612:
580:
574:
573:
541:
535:
534:
502:
496:
495:
455:
449:
448:
408:
399:
398:
370:
364:
363:
345:
321:
315:
314:
278:
272:
258:
252:
251:
225:
216:
210:
209:
180:
174:
173:
163:
145:
136:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1065:Pain management
1060:Market research
1050:
1049:
1048:
1043:
997:
964:
937:Pathophysiology
931:
922:Tail flick test
881:
850:
765:
749:
736:
727:Musculoskeletal
721:
698:
687:
652:
647:
617:
616:
589:Women and Birth
581:
577:
542:
538:
503:
499:
464:Women and Birth
456:
452:
409:
402:
371:
367:
322:
318:
279:
275:
259:
255:
223:
217:
213:
181:
177:
143:
137:
128:
123:
111:quality of life
64:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1083:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1014:Pain tolerance
1011:
1009:Pain threshold
1005:
1003:
999:
998:
996:
995:
990:
985:
980:
974:
972:
966:
965:
963:
962:
957:
952:
947:
941:
939:
933:
932:
930:
929:
924:
919:
917:Hot plate test
914:
909:
904:
899:
893:
891:
887:
886:
883:
882:
880:
879:
874:
869:
864:
858:
856:
852:
851:
849:
848:
847:
846:
841:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
784:Pain asymbolia
781:
775:
773:
767:
766:
764:
763:
758:
753:
745:
740:
731:
729:
723:
722:
720:
719:
714:
708:
706:
700:
699:
697:
696:
691:
683:
678:
673:
667:
665:
658:
654:
653:
646:
645:
638:
631:
623:
615:
614:
595:(3): e44–e49.
575:
556:(4): 560–567.
536:
517:(4): 445–450.
497:
470:(5): 407–413.
450:
400:
381:(2): 215–225.
365:
336:(1): 136–152.
316:
289:(5): 954–964.
273:
253:
234:(3): 310–327.
211:
192:(5): 1208–17.
175:
154:(3): 699–704.
125:
124:
122:
119:
68:questionnaires
63:
60:
40:
37:
33:questionnaires
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1082:
1071:
1070:Psychometrics
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1000:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
975:
973:
971:
967:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
940:
938:
934:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
912:Grimace scale
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
892:
888:
878:
877:Low back pain
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
857:
853:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
830:
829:Referred pain
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
789:Pain disorder
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
774:
772:
768:
762:
761:Delayed-onset
759:
757:
754:
752:
746:
744:
741:
739:
733:
732:
730:
728:
724:
718:
715:
713:
710:
709:
707:
705:
701:
695:
692:
690:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
666:
664:Head and neck
662:
659:
655:
651:
644:
639:
637:
632:
630:
625:
624:
621:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
579:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
540:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
501:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
454:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
407:
405:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
369:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
339:
335:
331:
327:
320:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
277:
271:
267:
263:
257:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:Field Methods
222:
215:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
179:
171:
167:
162:
157:
153:
149:
142:
135:
133:
131:
126:
118:
114:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
83:endometriosis
80:
75:
73:
69:
59:
57:
53:
48:
46:
36:
34:
30:
26:
22:
926:
824:Phantom pain
809:Hyperalgesia
804:Chronic pain
688:(swallowing)
686:Odynophagia
592:
588:
578:
553:
549:
539:
514:
510:
500:
467:
463:
453:
423:(1): 67–73.
420:
416:
378:
374:
368:
333:
329:
319:
286:
282:
276:
261:
256:
231:
227:
214:
189:
185:
178:
151:
147:
115:
109:(CGI) and a
95:dysmenorrhea
76:
65:
52:Likert scale
49:
45:Likert scale
42:
29:psychometric
24:
20:
18:
1034:Cancer pain
960:Substance P
945:Nociception
907:Dolorimeter
862:Pelvic pain
819:Hyperpathia
814:Hypoalgesia
735:Arthralgia
717:Pleurodynia
712:Sore throat
99:dyspareunia
72:Apple Store
1054:Categories
983:Anesthesia
970:Management
897:Pain scale
867:Proctalgia
771:Neurologic
671:Eye strain
121:References
87:skin graft
79:pain scale
56:Borg scale
1019:Suffering
988:Cordotomy
978:Analgesia
799:Allodynia
779:Neuralgia
743:Bone pain
694:Toothache
550:Midwifery
511:Midwifery
352:1355-4786
1024:SOCRATES
750:(muscle)
748:Myalgia
676:Headache
609:26710973
570:20598787
531:25529841
492:20377885
484:29249331
445:40951634
437:19055652
395:22846637
360:25180023
311:44520644
303:28598907
248:30305248
206:10559077
170:18697664
737:(joint)
97:, deep
27:) is a
607:
568:
529:
490:
482:
443:
435:
393:
358:
350:
309:
301:
246:
204:
168:
855:Other
756:Acute
488:S2CID
441:S2CID
307:S2CID
244:S2CID
224:(PDF)
186:Chest
144:(PDF)
872:Back
681:Neck
650:Pain
605:PMID
566:PMID
527:PMID
480:PMID
433:PMID
391:PMID
356:PMID
348:ISSN
299:PMID
202:PMID
166:PMID
62:Uses
19:The
597:doi
558:doi
519:doi
472:doi
425:doi
421:116
383:doi
338:doi
291:doi
266:doi
236:doi
194:doi
190:116
156:doi
54:or
25:VAS
1056::
603:.
593:29
591:.
587:.
564:.
554:27
552:.
548:.
525:.
515:31
513:.
509:.
486:.
478:.
468:31
466:.
462:.
439:.
431:.
419:.
415:.
403:^
389:.
379:21
377:.
354:.
346:.
334:21
332:.
328:.
305:.
297:.
287:83
285:.
242:.
232:24
230:.
226:.
200:.
188:.
164:.
152:40
150:.
146:.
129:^
642:e
635:t
628:v
611:.
599::
572:.
560::
533:.
521::
494:.
474::
447:.
427::
397:.
385::
362:.
340::
313:.
293::
268::
250:.
238::
208:.
196::
172:.
158::
23:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.