534:
was in Reggio) the heavily pregnant
Duchess took the position of Regent. During this time she stopped the attempts of the Podesta and Judge of Modena to deprive her of the government. However, Virginia was unable to control her unpredictable anger fits: when in March 1608 her confessor, the Jesuit Jerome Bondinari, claimed that she was possessed by the devil, the Duchess attacked him violently with shouts and nearly beat him to death with a stick. After this, exorcism sessions were held to cure her, during which it became clear that Virginia's having married against her will set off her mental illness and it worsened due to the infidelities of her husband. The attempts to expel the demons in her ultimately caused Virginia to become completely insane. She only recovered her sense on the day of her death; on her deathbed, she blessed all her children and died peacefully.
29:
526:
533:
In 1596, Virginia manifested the first signs of mental illness and suffered from this condition until her death. Nevertheless, she coped with her motherly duties with her numerous offspring and showed herself as a clever and far-sighted ruler when in
January 1601, in the absence of her husband (who
512:
didn't recognized Cesare's succession in
Ferrara (nominally a Papal fief) on grounds of doubtful legitimacy. On 15 January 1598 the Duchy of Ferrara was officially abolished and returned to the Papal States, despite Cesare's attempts to obtain the help of the major European powers. Cesare, with his
452:
At the end of
February 1586 Virginia and Cesare arrived in Ferrara. They stayed at the Palazzo Diamanti, a gift of Cardinal Luigi d'Este, Cesare's uncle, who later bequeathed him all his possessions. One year later (1587), Virginia became in Marchioness consort of Montecchio after the death of her
309:
of a marriage between her and one of his members. In 1581 she was betrothed to
Francesco Sforza, Count of Santa Fiora, but the wedding didn't take place because the groom chose the ecclesiastical career and became a Cardinal. After this, it was decided to arrange her marriage with a member of the
513:
family and court, were forced to move to Modena, who became in the new capital of the dynasty. In 1599 Cesare obtained the
Lordship of Sassuolo, but in 1601 the Parlement of Paris stripped him of all the domains and titles in the
404:
156:
564:
Virginia's daughters Laura (later
Duchess consort of Mirandola and Marchioness consort of Concordia) and Anna Eleonora (later Sister Angela Caterina) inherited her mental illness, which appeared in their
302:
in winter. Cosimo I's older children resented their father's second marriage, and after the death of the Grand Duke in 1574, they imprisoned
Camilla in the Florentine convent of Murate.
314:
with the purpose to improve the relations between both families and break the isolation of the Grand Duchy of
Tuscany from the other Italian states. Virginia's half-brother
242:
Regent of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio in 1601 during the absence of her husband, she was able to protect the autonomy of the city of Modena from the attacks of the local
1417:
1807:
1302:
460:
on 27 October 1597 without issue, Cesare inherited the headship and all the possessions of the family; in consequence, Virginia became in the
Duchess consort of
305:
Despite the controversy about her illegitimate birth and ambiguous position in the Grand Ducal house, Virginia's older brothers began negotiations with the
1367:
1314:
279:) and her maternal grandparents were Antonio Martelli and Fiammetta Soderini, both members of the most important families among the Florentine patricians.
1902:
1632:
1285:
1250:
1180:
537:
Virginia died on 15 January 1615 in Modena aged 46; there were rumors that her husband poisoned her. The memorial service took place on 27 February at
627:
386:
315:
152:
1780:
1594:
283:
246:
and Judge. Her husband's infidelities increased her already erratic behavior and led to a permanent mental illness, which lasted until her death.
1410:
1764:
1546:
1192:
1168:
260:
210:
1000:
1676:
1599:
1477:
1104:
1099:
1031:
862:
La genealogia delle cose piu illustri di tutto il mondo, principiando da Adamo nostro primo Padre, e continuando sino al tempo presente
1748:
1403:
1273:
1877:
1256:
1227:
1798:
1233:
752:
882:
1862:
1857:
1692:
1625:
929:
860:
725:
1652:
1320:
1279:
849:
457:
376:
339:
148:
1922:
1198:
343:
871:
1907:
1872:
1867:
1174:
1021:
1058:
1756:
1618:
1530:
1361:
1355:
421:
587:
335:
118:
993:
646:
1684:
1349:
1186:
1136:
322:
in approving the marriage of his nephew and Virginia. In addition, the second wife of Grand Duke Francesco I,
1912:
1887:
1337:
1308:
1068:
839:
505:
282:
Virginia was born after the formal resignation of her father of the government on behalf of her half-brother
529:
Virginia de' Medici, wearing a characteristic necklace that belonged to Camilla Martelli, Virginia's mother.
407:(1594–1664), twin with Laura, General at the Imperial army; died unmarried but had illegitimate issue.
1897:
1892:
1089:
236:
1917:
1343:
438:
425:
394:
168:
773:
417:
nun under the name of Sister Angela Caterina and later Abbess of the Monastery of Santa Chiara of Carpi.
1882:
1716:
986:
936:
441:(1605–1657), Colonel at the Imperial Army and later General in the French Army; married Ippolita
380:
58:
792:
1641:
1426:
1204:
955:
268:
43:
804:
286:. Cosimo I contracted a morganatic marriage with Camilla Martelli on 29 March 1570 on the advice of
1852:
1740:
1094:
432:
1772:
1578:
1708:
1026:
970:
86:
1789:
1073:
1053:
473:
347:
276:
1847:
1842:
548:. She was buried in the crypt of the House of Este in the Church of St. Vincent in Modena.
8:
1063:
355:
351:
326:, also contributed to the conclusion of negotiations and the formation of this alliance.
456:
After the extinction of the legitimate line of the House of Este with the death of Duke
28:
1724:
793:
Edgcumbe Staley: Eleanora degli Albizzi in: The Tragedies of the Medici (historion.net)
390:
1668:
1461:
704:
632:- Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 30 (1984) in: treccani.it (in Italian)
1498:
845:
651:- Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 71 (2008)in: treccani.it (in Italian)
545:
514:
509:
501:
477:
398:
295:
141:
34:
1732:
1514:
1395:
1210:
538:
264:
220:
1660:
1445:
900:
674:
323:
319:
306:
232:
200:
106:
590:
Scritture delle donne di casa Medici nei fondi dell’Archivio di Stato di Firenze
346:. To celebrate this event was represented the comedy "l’Amico Fido", written by
780:
vostra altezza è inspiritata" - Demoni ed esorcisti alla corte di Cesare d'Este
448:
Foresto d'Este (1606–1639), Captain at the Imperial Army; died unmarried.
359:
272:
231:(29 May 1568 – 15 January 1615) was an Italian princess, a member of the
508:
recognized the rights of Cesare over Modena and Reggio (both Imperial fiefs),
431:
Niccolo d'Este (1601–1640), Captain at the Imperial Army; married Sveva
1836:
978:
469:
442:
311:
259:
Born in Florence on 29 May 1568, Virginia was the illegitimate daughter of
1440:
946:
287:
290:, and this allowed him to legitimize their daughter on the principle of
887:(in Italian). Milan: Tipografia di commercio al bocchetto. p. 266.
414:
1610:
243:
485:
819:
525:
481:
82:
461:
363:
195:
729:
in: Libro d'Oro della NobiltĂ Mediterranea (genmarenostrum.com)
542:
497:
489:
465:
389:(1594–1630), twin with Luigi; married Alessandro I Pico,
102:
865:(in Italian). Venice: Giambattista Recurti. pp. 566, 574.
369:
The union produced ten children, six sons and four daughters:
504:. However, the rule over Ferrara was short-lived: although
493:
445:(illegitimate daughter of his brother Luigi) and had issue.
299:
342:, in turn the illegitimate (but later legitimized) son of
1321:
Karoline Marie, Princess Leopold of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
683:
630:
Cosimo I de' Medici, duca di Firenze, granduca di Toscana
707:
Lettere d’altri tempi: le lettere del duca Cesare d’Este
656:
267:. Her paternal grandparents were the famous condottiere
873:
The life of Bianca Capello, wife of Francesco de Medici
734:
755:
Gli Este, storia di una famiglia tramite i suoi stemmi
609:
1315:
Maria Theresa, Archduchess Charles Stephen of Austria
379:(1591–1644), Duke of Modena from 1628; married
294:. Since that time, she lived with her parents at the
1425:
597:
844:. Florence: Mandragora. pp. 81, 82, 136, 141.
821:
BURIAL CHURCHES OF SOVEREIGNS OF MODENA FROM A TO Z
782:
in: quaderniestensi.beniculturali.it (in Italian) .
410:Caterina d'Este (1595–1618); died unmarried.
721:
719:
717:
420:Ippolito d'Este (1599–1647), Knight of the
405:Luigi d'Este, Marquis of Montecchio and Scandiano
157:Luigi d'Este, Marquis of Montecchio and Scandiano
1834:
1274:Auguste Ferdinande, Princess Luitpold of Bavaria
373:Giulia d'Este (1588–1645); died unmarried.
334:In Florence on 6 February 1586 Virginia married
1008:
714:
1765:Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa
1626:
1547:Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa
1411:
994:
727:ESTE (di MONTECCHIO) Duchi di Modena e Reggio
676:La naissance de l'opéra baroque - Chronologie
1356:Maria Immaculata, Nobile Inigo Neri Sereneri
876:. Liverpool: J. M’Creery. pp. 119, 124.
700:
698:
1105:Catherine, Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat
642:
640:
592:in: archiviodistato.firenze.it (in Italian)
583:
581:
520:
1633:
1619:
1600:Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria
1418:
1404:
1286:Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-BĂĽdingen
1205:Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily
1001:
987:
869:
662:
413:Anna Eleonora d'Este (1597–1651); a
261:Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
211:Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
27:
1903:Illegitimate children of Italian monarchs
1362:Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio
769:
767:
765:
695:
858:
740:
637:
615:
578:
524:
1749:Duchess Charlotte of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
1640:
1368:Princess Maria Antonia, Mrs. Luis PĂ©rez
1074:Claudia, Archduchess of Further Austria
1032:Lucrezia de' Medici, Duchess of Ferrara
880:
841:The Medici: story of a European dynasty
689:
1835:
1338:Helena, Duchess Philipp of WĂĽrttemberg
884:Della vita di Torquato Tasso libri due
837:
762:
757:in: asmo.beniculturali.it (in Italian)
709:in: asmo.beniculturali.it (in Italian)
603:
1614:
1399:
1234:Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria
982:
329:
1137:Anna Maria Luisa, Electress Palatine
1100:Anna, Archduchess of Further Austria
956:Duchess consort of Modena and Reggio
44:Duchess consort of Modena and Reggio
16:Duchess consort of Modena and Reggio
1386:did not have a royal or noble birth
1280:Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani
1175:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
870:Siebenkees, Johann Philipp (1797).
13:
960:27 October 1597 – 15 January 1615
377:Alfonso III d'Este, Duke of Modena
14:
1934:
53:27 October 1597 – 15 January 1615
1773:Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy
1579:Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy
1427:Princesses of Modena by marriage
1381:* also an archduchess of Austria
1309:Louise, Crown Princess of Saxony
1257:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
1878:Hereditary princesses of Modena
1228:Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony
1193:Princess Maria Johanna Gabriela
831:
813:
798:
786:
746:
678:in: operabaroque.fr (in French)
558:
130:
1685:Archduchess Barbara of Austria
1211:Maria Antonia, Queen of France
1187:Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma
1027:Isabella, Duchess of Bracciano
778:"Madama mi dispiace a dirvelo,
668:
621:
340:Alfonso, Marquis of Montecchio
275:(in turn the granddaughter of
254:
1:
1863:17th-century Italian nobility
1858:16th-century Italian nobility
1781:Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria
1595:Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria
881:Zuccala, Giambatista (1819).
806:MODENA CHIESA DI SAN VINCENZO
572:
393:and had issue, ancestress of
119:Cesare d'Este, Duke of Modena
1799:Princess Margherita of Savoy
1344:Rosa, Duchess of WĂĽrttemberg
1095:Margherita, Duchess of Parma
237:Duchess of Modena and Reggio
7:
1923:Mothers of Italian monarchs
1054:Eleonora, Duchess of Mantua
1037:Virginia, Duchess of Modena
426:Order of the Holy Sepulchre
395:Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina
153:Laura, Duchess of Mirandola
149:Alfonso III, Duke of Modena
10:
1939:
1908:17th-century women regents
1873:17th-century Italian women
1868:16th-century Italian women
1808:Princess Astrid of Belgium
1499:Princess Isabella of Savoy
1009:Tuscan princesses by birth
937:Duchess consort of Ferrara
859:Chiusole, Antonio (1743).
381:Princess Isabella of Savoy
358:, and in Ferrara the poet
344:Alfonso I, Duke of Ferrara
59:Duchess consort of Ferrara
1820:
1757:Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans
1648:
1587:
1571:
1555:
1539:
1531:Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans
1523:
1507:
1491:
1470:
1454:
1433:
1377:
1330:
1303:Princess Maria Antonietta
1295:
1266:
1243:
1220:
1161:
1145:
1129:
1113:
1082:
1046:
1014:
962:
953:
934:
926:
921:
894:
492:, Viscountess consort of
298:during the summer and in
269:Giovanni dalle Bande Nere
216:
206:
194:
185:
180:
176:
140:
112:
92:
76:
72:
64:
57:
49:
42:
26:
21:
1741:Margherita Maria Farnese
1462:Princess Renée of France
1181:Princess Maria Elisabeth
1069:Princess Maria Maddalena
896:Virginia de' Medici
551:
521:Mental illness and death
1824:denotes titular Duchess
1717:Vittoria Farnese d'Este
1090:Princess Maria Cristina
941:27 October 1597 – 1598
838:Cesati, Franco (1999).
350:and with the lyrics of
277:Lorenzo the Magnificent
249:
1790:Princess Zita of Parma
1709:Maria Caterina Farnese
1199:Princess Maria Josepha
1064:Marie, Queen of France
971:Maria Caterina Farnese
628:Elena Fasano Guarini:
541:and celebrated by the
530:
488:, Countess consort of
472:, Princess consort of
87:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
68:27 October 1597 – 1598
528:
480:, Duchess consort of
424:and Commander of the
318:agreed with Cardinal
162:Anna Eleonora d'Este
1913:17th-century regents
1888:Duchesses of Ferrara
1251:Princess Maria Luisa
1898:Duchesses of Reggio
1893:Duchesses of Modena
1701:Virginia de' Medici
1677:Lucrezia de' Medici
1642:Duchesses of Modena
1483:Virginia de' Medici
1478:Lucrezia de' Medici
1169:Princess Maria Anna
808:in: royaltyguide.nl
692:, pp. 266–267.
356:Cristofano Malvezzi
352:Alessandro Striggio
316:Cardinal Ferdinando
229:Virginia de' Medici
186:Virginia de' Medici
1918:Daughters of dukes
1725:Lucrezia Barberini
1693:Margherita Gonzaga
967:Title next held by
930:Margherita Gonzaga
753:Maurizio Polelli:
705:Velia Pellegrino:
531:
476:, Princess of the
366:to the newlyweds.
348:Giovanni de' Bardi
330:Marriage and issue
1883:Tuscan princesses
1830:
1829:
1653:Eleanor of Naples
1608:
1607:
1393:
1392:
1388:
977:
976:
851:978-8-88-595737-4
823:in: royaltombs.dk
649:Martelli, Camilla
546:Agostino Mascardi
515:Kingdom of France
510:Pope Clement VIII
506:Emperor Rudolf II
478:Holy Roman Empire
428:; died unmarried.
399:Duchess of Modena
391:Duke of Mirandola
296:Villa di Castello
263:and his mistress
226:
225:
190:
189:
35:Alessandro Allori
1930:
1733:Laura Martinozzi
1635:
1628:
1621:
1612:
1611:
1515:Laura Martinozzi
1420:
1413:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1379:
1350:Princess Dolores
1003:
996:
989:
980:
979:
927:Preceded by
917:
910:
892:
891:
888:
877:
866:
855:
826:
817:
811:
802:
796:
790:
784:
771:
760:
750:
744:
738:
732:
723:
712:
702:
693:
687:
681:
672:
666:
660:
654:
644:
635:
625:
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
588:Georgia Arrivo:
585:
566:
562:
539:Modena Cathedral
265:Camilla Martelli
235:and by marriage
221:Camilla Martelli
178:
177:
164:Ippolito d'Este
160:Caterina d'Este
134:
132:
99:
31:
19:
18:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1853:House of Medici
1833:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1816:
1669:Renée of France
1661:Lucrezia Borgia
1644:
1639:
1609:
1604:
1588:12th generation
1583:
1572:11th generation
1567:
1556:10th generation
1551:
1535:
1519:
1503:
1487:
1466:
1450:
1446:Lucrezia Borgia
1429:
1424:
1394:
1389:
1383:
1373:
1331:12th generation
1326:
1296:11th generation
1291:
1267:10th generation
1262:
1239:
1216:
1157:
1141:
1125:
1109:
1078:
1042:
1010:
1007:
968:
959:
940:
932:
916:15 January 1615
911:
905:
904:
901:House of Medici
897:
852:
834:
829:
818:
814:
803:
799:
791:
787:
776:Grazia Biondi:
772:
763:
751:
747:
739:
735:
724:
715:
703:
696:
688:
684:
673:
669:
663:Siebenkees 1797
661:
657:
647:Vanna Arrighi:
645:
638:
626:
622:
614:
610:
602:
598:
586:
579:
575:
570:
569:
563:
559:
554:
523:
453:father-in-law.
332:
324:Bianca Cappello
307:House of Sforza
257:
252:
233:House of Medici
171:
167:
166:Niccolo d'Este
165:
163:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
136:
133: 1586)
128:
124:
121:
107:Duchy of Modena
101:
97:
96:15 January 1615
81:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1936:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1812:(1996–present)
1805:
1796:
1787:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1690:
1682:
1674:
1666:
1658:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1615:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1540:9th generation
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1524:8th generation
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1508:7th generation
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1492:5th generation
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1471:4th generation
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1455:3rd generation
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1434:2nd generation
1431:
1430:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1400:
1391:
1390:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1247:
1245:
1244:9th generation
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1224:
1222:
1221:8th generation
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1165:
1163:
1162:7th generation
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1146:6th generation
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1130:5th generation
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1114:4th generation
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1083:3rd generation
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1047:2nd generation
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1022:Princess Maria
1018:
1016:
1015:1st generation
1012:
1011:
1006:
1005:
998:
991:
983:
975:
974:
966:
961:
951:
950:
942:
933:
928:
924:
923:
919:
918:
898:
895:
890:
889:
878:
867:
856:
850:
833:
830:
828:
827:
812:
797:
785:
761:
745:
743:, p. 574.
733:
713:
694:
682:
667:
665:, p. 119.
655:
636:
620:
618:, p. 566.
608:
606:, p. 136.
596:
576:
574:
571:
568:
567:
556:
555:
553:
550:
522:
519:
450:
449:
446:
436:
429:
422:Order of Malta
418:
411:
408:
402:
384:
383:and had issue.
374:
360:Torquato Tasso
331:
328:
292:per subsequens
273:Maria Salviati
256:
253:
251:
248:
224:
223:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
203:
198:
192:
191:
188:
187:
183:
182:
174:
173:
172:Foresto d'Este
146:Giulia d'Este
144:
138:
137:
126:
122:
117:
116:
114:
110:
109:
100:(aged 46)
94:
90:
89:
78:
74:
73:
70:
69:
66:
62:
61:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
40:
39:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1935:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
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1398:
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1088:
1087:
1085:
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1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
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1062:
1060:
1059:Princess Anna
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
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1019:
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973:
972:
965:
958:
957:
952:
949:
948:
943:
939:
938:
931:
925:
922:Royal titles
920:
915:
908:
903:
902:
893:
886:
885:
879:
875:
874:
868:
864:
863:
857:
853:
847:
843:
842:
836:
835:
824:
822:
816:
809:
807:
801:
794:
789:
783:
779:
775:
770:
768:
766:
758:
756:
749:
742:
741:Chiusole 1743
737:
730:
728:
722:
720:
718:
710:
708:
701:
699:
691:
686:
679:
677:
671:
664:
659:
652:
650:
643:
641:
633:
631:
624:
617:
616:Chiusole 1743
612:
605:
600:
593:
591:
584:
582:
577:
561:
557:
549:
547:
544:
540:
535:
527:
518:
516:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
447:
444:
440:
437:
434:
430:
427:
423:
419:
416:
412:
409:
406:
403:
400:
396:
392:
388:
385:
382:
378:
375:
372:
371:
370:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:Cesare d'Este
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:House of Este
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
271:and his wife
270:
266:
262:
247:
245:
240:
238:
234:
230:
222:
219:
215:
212:
209:
205:
202:
199:
197:
193:
184:
179:
175:
170:
158:
154:
150:
145:
143:
139:
120:
115:
111:
108:
104:
95:
91:
88:
84:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
45:
41:
36:
30:
25:
20:
1823:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1700:
1695:
1687:
1679:
1671:
1663:
1655:
1562:
1482:
1385:
1380:
1152:
1120:
1036:
969:
963:
954:
944:
935:
913:
906:
899:
883:
872:
861:
840:
832:Bibliography
820:
815:
805:
800:
788:
781:
777:
754:
748:
736:
726:
706:
690:Zuccala 1819
685:
675:
670:
658:
648:
629:
623:
611:
599:
589:
560:
536:
532:
455:
451:
439:Borso d'Este
387:Laura d'Este
368:
362:dedicated a
333:
320:Luigi d'Este
304:
291:
281:
258:
241:
228:
227:
169:Borso d'Este
98:(1615-01-15)
33:Portrait by
1848:1615 deaths
1843:1568 births
1803:(1953–1996)
1785:(1842–1875)
1776:(1814–1840)
1768:(1780–1790)
1760:(1737–1761)
1752:(1696–1710)
1744:(1692–1694)
1736:(1658–1662)
1728:(1654–1658)
1720:(1648–1649)
1712:(1631–1646)
1704:(1597–1615)
1696:(1579–1597)
1688:(1565–1572)
1680:(1559–1562)
1672:(1534–1559)
1664:(1505–1519)
1656:(1473–1493)
1441:Anna Sforza
947:Papal State
909:29 May 1568
604:Cesati 1999
435:, no issue.
288:Pope Pius V
255:Early years
80:29 May 1568
1837:Categories
1794:1916–1917)
573:References
565:adulthood.
458:Alfonso II
415:Poor Clare
486:Montargis
338:, son of
284:Francesco
482:Chartres
433:d'Avalos
83:Florence
22:Virginia
945:To the
502:Falaise
462:Ferrara
364:Cantata
244:PodestĂ
135:
127:
123:
964:Vacant
912:
848:
543:Jesuit
498:Bayeux
490:Gisors
470:Reggio
466:Modena
443:d'Este
217:Mother
207:Father
201:Medici
113:Spouse
103:Modena
65:Tenure
50:Tenure
914:Died:
907:Born:
552:Notes
474:Carpi
196:House
181:Names
142:Issue
129:(
125:
1563:None
1153:none
1121:none
846:ISBN
500:and
494:Caen
484:and
468:and
354:and
300:Pisa
250:Life
93:Died
77:Born
1839::
1822:*
1810:*
1801:*
1792:*
1783:*
764:^
716:^
697:^
639:^
580:^
517:.
496:,
464:,
397:,
239:.
131:m.
105:,
85:,
1634:e
1627:t
1620:v
1419:e
1412:t
1405:v
1384:^
1370:*
1364:*
1358:*
1352:*
1346:*
1340:*
1323:*
1317:*
1311:*
1305:*
1288:*
1282:*
1276:*
1259:*
1253:*
1236:*
1230:*
1213:*
1207:*
1201:*
1195:*
1189:*
1183:*
1177:*
1171:*
1039:^
1002:e
995:t
988:v
854:.
825:.
810:.
795:.
774:1
759:.
731:.
711:.
680:.
653:.
634:.
594:.
401:.
37:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
