33:
147:
to their names developed gradually over the first two centuries. During the fourth century, the senatorial order greatly increased in number, so that the title became more common and new titles were devised to distinguish senators of a higher dignity, namely
588:
508:
senatores … accipiendum est eos, qui a patriciis et consulibus usque ad omnes illustres viros descendunt, quia et hi soli in senatu sententiam dicere possunt
259:, occasionally to lower offices. In these cases the title may show a broadening of the criteria or may be simply an honorary grant to an individual.
166:. For some decades it was used inconsistently, but then more regularly, perhaps in connection with a formal codification of honours by
644:
649:
32:
460:
2-13; Berger (1915), 1074-7 gives a survey of the evidence from inscriptions and legal codes for these offices.
17:
639:
237:
213:
556:
255:('count of the household cavalry or infantry'). Beyond these, the title is also frequently given to
245:
229:
654:
510:("by senators we should understand those from the patricians and consuls down through to all
8:
372:
368:
221:
418:
189:
180:
162:
41:
601:
205:
300:" in the AD fourth century, and high officials were indicated with the titles of "
440:
Jones (1964), pp. 142-3; Näf (1995), p. 20; P. Heather, "Senatorial
Careers", in
340:", especially in official documents. The shorter title was commonly abbreviated "
197:
514:, since these too are the only ones who can give their opinion in the senate").
431:
Hirschfeld (1901), p. 595 (=Hirschfeld ,pp. 664-5); Berger (1915), pp. 1072-3.
79:
71:
633:
610:
The Later Roman Empire 284-602, A Social, Economic, and
Administrative Survey
308:
302:
167:
571:
Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des
Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
273:
75:
285:
284:
were no longer expected to participate in the Senate. By the reign of
143:
The custom of Roman senators of late antiquity appending the title of
534:
422:
11, 1, 6: "Rufini viri clarissimi et inlustris praefecti praetorio".
498:
27:
Highest ranks within the senates of
Ancient Rome and Constantinople
184:
of the early AD fifth century attached it to the offices of the:
178:
The offices that had a right to the title varied with time. The
503:
256:
399:
Hirschfeld (1901), pp. 580-2 (=Hirschfeld (1913), pp. 647-9).
595:
Hirschfeld, O., 'Die
Rangtitel der römischen Kaiserzeit',
37:
Insignia viri illustris praefecti praetorio per
Illyricum
612:(Oxford: Blackwell, 1964, repr. Johns Hopkins UP, 1986).
545:
Hirschfeld (1901), pp. 596-8 (=Hirschfeld , pp. 665-7).
324:
In ancient inscriptions and manuscripts, the spelling "
624:
74:
to describe the highest ranks within the senates of
272:soon were regarded as the active membership of the
130:) were used to distinguish holders of high office.
631:
70:) is used as a formal indication of standing in
626:(Freiburg: Universitätsverlag, Freiburg, 1995).
296:" had been similarly devalued below that of "
276:; and by the middle of the AD fifth century,
102:); but from the mid fourth century onwards,
111:
87:
55:
31:
253:Comes domesticorum equitum sive peditum
160:occurred in AD 354 with its use by the
14:
632:
597:Sitzungsberichte der Berliner Akademie
536:, (Zurich: Weidmann, 1905), p. cxlvii.
263:
345:
249:('count of the private property').
24:
605:(Berlin: Weidemann, 1913), 657–71.
233:('quaestor of the sacred palace').
217:('officer of the sacred chamber').
25:
666:
569:Henry d'Arbois de Jubainville, ,
336:, the title is often written as "
292:. At the same time the title of "
554:Berger (1916), pp. 1070, 29-38;
328:" is more frequent. Because the
319:
241:('count of the sacred largess').
563:
548:
539:
526:
517:
490:
444:, Volume 13 (1998), pp. 188-91.
288:, all senators were considered
645:Roman Empire in late antiquity
599:(1901), 579–610, reprinted in
481:
472:
463:
447:
434:
425:
411:
402:
393:
13:
1:
580:
442:The Cambridge Ancient History
82:. All senators had the title
650:Byzantine titles and offices
338:vir clarissimus et illustris
7:
573:, 31, 2 (1887), pp. 167–68.
560:, Volume 7, 1, p. 397, 1-5.
360:" and the longer title as "
209:('master of the soldiers').
10:
671:
469:Berger (1915), 1078, 29-44
238:Comes sacrarum largitionum
214:Praepositus sacri cubiculi
173:
138:
133:
586:Berger, A., 'Illustris',
156:. The first instance of
408:Jones (1964), pp. 525-8.
386:
193:('praetorian prefect').
478:Berger (1915), 1078-9.
246:Comes rerum privatarum
230:Quaestor sacri palatii
225:('master of offices').
45:
619:(Köln: Böhlau, 1982).
592:IX (1915), 1070–1085.
523:Näf (1995), pp. 21-2.
506:states (1, 9, 12, 1)
487:Jones (1964), p. 529.
375:times, the spellings
332:were a subset of the
168:Emperor Valentinian I
35:
640:Ancient Roman titles
190:Praefectus praetorio
163:praefectus praetorio
126:, a lower rank than
39:, insignia from the
286:Emperor Justinian I
222:Magister officiorum
617:Ordines Dignitatum
264:Later developments
201:('urban prefect').
181:Notitia Dignitatum
46:
42:Notitia Dignitatum
16:(Redirected from
662:
602:Kleine Schriften
574:
567:
561:
552:
546:
543:
537:
530:
524:
521:
515:
502:on a passage of
494:
488:
485:
479:
476:
470:
467:
461:
451:
445:
438:
432:
429:
423:
415:
409:
406:
400:
397:
347:
206:Magister militum
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
69:
66:
63:
60:
57:
21:
670:
669:
665:
664:
663:
661:
660:
659:
630:
629:
608:Jones, A.H.M.,
583:
578:
577:
568:
564:
553:
549:
544:
540:
531:
527:
522:
518:
496:A gloss in the
495:
491:
486:
482:
477:
473:
468:
464:
458:Not. dign. occ.
452:
448:
439:
435:
430:
426:
416:
412:
407:
403:
398:
394:
389:
322:
266:
198:Praefectus urbi
176:
150:vir spectabilis
145:vir clarissimus
141:
136:
123:
120:
117:
114:
108:vir spectabilis
99:
97:very famous man
96:
93:
90:
84:vir clarissimus
67:
65:illustrious man
64:
61:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
668:
658:
657:
652:
647:
642:
628:
627:
620:
613:
606:
593:
582:
579:
576:
575:
562:
547:
538:
525:
516:
512:viri illustres
489:
480:
471:
462:
454:Not. dign. or.
446:
433:
424:
410:
401:
391:
390:
388:
385:
381:viri inlustres
321:
318:
314:vir magnificus
309:gloriosissimus
265:
262:
261:
260:
250:
242:
234:
226:
218:
210:
202:
194:
175:
172:
140:
137:
135:
132:
80:Constantinople
72:late antiquity
26:
18:Vir magnificus
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
667:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
637:
635:
625:
621:
618:
614:
611:
607:
604:
603:
598:
594:
591:
590:
585:
584:
572:
566:
559:
558:
551:
542:
535:
529:
520:
513:
509:
505:
501:
500:
493:
484:
475:
466:
459:
455:
450:
443:
437:
428:
421:
420:
414:
405:
396:
392:
384:
383:were common.
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
362:v. c. et inl.
359:
355:
351:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
320:Written forms
317:
315:
311:
310:
305:
304:
303:vir gloriosus
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
258:
254:
251:
248:
247:
243:
240:
239:
235:
232:
231:
227:
224:
223:
219:
216:
215:
211:
208:
207:
203:
200:
199:
195:
192:
191:
187:
186:
185:
183:
182:
171:
169:
165:
164:
159:
158:vir illustris
155:
154:vir illustris
151:
146:
131:
129:
121:admirable man
109:
105:
104:vir illustris
85:
81:
77:
73:
53:
52:
51:vir illustris
44:
43:
38:
34:
30:
19:
655:Roman Senate
623:
616:
615:Löhken, H.,
609:
600:
596:
587:
570:
565:
555:
550:
541:
533:
532:T. Mommsen,
528:
519:
511:
507:
497:
492:
483:
474:
465:
457:
453:
449:
441:
436:
427:
417:
413:
404:
395:
380:
377:vir inluster
376:
366:
361:
357:
353:
349:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
323:
313:
307:
301:
297:
293:
289:
281:
277:
269:
267:
252:
244:
236:
228:
220:
212:
204:
196:
188:
179:
177:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
142:
127:
107:
103:
83:
50:
49:
47:
40:
36:
29:
419:Cod. Theod.
373:Carolingian
369:Merovingian
298:clarissimus
278:Spectabiles
170:in AD 372.
634:Categories
581:References
334:clarissimi
282:Clarissimi
48:The title
622:Näf, B.,
330:illustres
326:inlustris
294:illustris
290:Illustres
270:Illustres
128:illustris
358:vir inl.
356:", or "
354:v. inl.
350:vv. ii.
312:" and "
257:consuls
174:Offices
139:Origins
134:History
115:
91:
59:
504:Ulpian
499:Digest
456:2-15;
306:" or "
274:Senate
387:Notes
352:"), "
342:v. i.
589:R.E.
379:and
371:and
280:and
268:The
152:and
112:lit.
106:and
88:lit.
78:and
76:Rome
56:lit.
557:TLL
367:In
348:: "
346:pl.
344:" (
316:".
636::
364:"
124:'
118:'
110:(
100:'
94:'
86:(
68:'
62:'
54:(
20:)
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