845:
733:, on the other hand, mentions that the invasion of England by the Great Heathen Army was aimed at avenging the death of Ragnar Lodbrok, a legendary Viking ruler of Sweden and Denmark. In the Viking saga, Ragnar is said to have conducted a raid on Northumbria during the reign of King Ælla. The Vikings were defeated and Ragnar was captured by the Northumbrians. Ælla then had Ragnar executed by throwing him into a pit of venomous snakes. When the sons of Ragnar received news of their father's death, they decided to avenge him.
1136:
57:
1253:
converted into the chamber of a burial mound that revealed the disarticulated remains of at least 249 people, with their long bones pointing towards the centre of the burial. A large stone coffin was found in the middle of the mass grave, but the remains of this body did not survive. A study of the skeletal remains revealed that at least 80% of the bodies were male, and were between the ages of 15 and 45. A variety of Viking artefacts were also found among the bones.
935:, had welcomed the support from a Viking fleet. By the time the war had ended, the Vikings had discovered that monasteries and towns situated on navigable rivers were vulnerable to attack. In 845, a raid on Paris was prevented by a large payment of silver to the Vikings. The opportunity for rich pickings drew other Vikings to the area, and by the end of the decade all the main rivers of West Francia were being patrolled by Viking fleets. In 862, the
916:, and assumes that each Viking ship could carry no more than 32 men leading to his conclusion that the army would have consisted of no more than 1,000 men. Other scholars give higher estimates. For example, Laurent Mazet-Harhoff observes that many thousands of men were involved in the invasions of the Seine area. Mazet-Harhoff concedes that the military bases that would accommodate these large armies have yet to be rediscovered.
1184:, as he was able to rebuild and reinforce their existing fortifications. Every freeman in the land could be called out to protect the realm in times of trouble but the speed of Viking hit-and-run raids had been too quick for the local militias to act; part of Alfred's reforms was to create a standing army that could react rapidly to attacks. The Anglo-Saxon rural population lived within a 24 km (15-mile) radius of each
3831:
1029:
1111:, where they raided the surrounding area and occupied a fortified position. Asser reports that Alfred made a treaty with the Vikings to get them to leave Wessex. The Vikings left Wareham, but it was not long before they were raiding other parts of Wessex, and initially they were successful. Alfred fought back, however, and eventually won victory over them at the
768:, had spoken to the visitors in an "authoritative tone" and this is why they killed him. The designation of these "Hæretha-landers" as Danes is somewhat problematic. Sara María Pons-Sanz states, in "Analysis of the Scandinavian Loanwords in the Aldredian Glosses to the Lindisfarne Gospels", that they were either men from
1056:), who bought the Vikings off to gain time. During 871–872, the Great Heathen Army wintered in London before returning to Northumbria. It seems that there had been a rebellion against the puppet ruler in Northumbria, so they returned to restore power. They then established their winter quarters for 872–873 at
1252:
was, in the 9th century, the site of an Anglo-Saxon monastery and church. Excavations at the site between 1974 and 1988 found a D-shaped earthwork on the river bank, incorporated into the church. Burials of Viking type were made at the east end of the church, and an existing building was cut down and
1170:
Throughout the 880s, the Viking presence in his kingdom encouraged Alfred to protect Wessex. The King realised the importance of naval combat against the
Vikings and saw to the creation of a navy; Alfred ordered the construction of specialised ships that were supposedly twice as long as Viking ships,
1167:, posing a threat to the West Saxons. The army subsequently launched a series of attacks on Wessex. Due in part to the King's efforts to resist the invaders and defend Wessex, the Heathen Army made less of an impact against the kingdom than hoped and saw little progress, eventually disbanding in 896.
749:
AD 787 – This year king
Bertric took to wife Eadburga, king Offa's daughter; and in his days first came three ships of Northmen, out of Hæretha-land . And then the reeve rode to the place, and would have driven them to the king's town, because he knew not who they were: and they there slew him. These
1239:
By 896, the Viking army was all but defeated and no longer saw any reason to continue their attacks and dispersed to East Anglia and
Northumbria. Those that were penniless found themselves ships and went south across the sea to the Seine. Anglo-Saxon England had been torn apart by the invading Great
1235:
would have had a mounted force ready for action against the
Vikings. Based on figures from the Burghal Hidage, it is probable that a fifth of the adult male population of Wessex (27,000 men) would have been mobilised. A common Viking tactic was to seize a centre, usually some sort of fortification,
1143:
In late 878, Guthrum's band withdrew to
Cirencester, in the kingdom of Mercia. Then, probably in late 879, it moved to East Anglia, where Guthrum, who was also known by his baptismal name of Aethelstan, reigned as king until his death in 890. The part of the army that did not go with Guthrum mostly
1020:
requested help from the king of Wessex to help fight the
Vikings. A combined army from Wessex and Mercia besieged the city of Nottingham with no clear result, so the Mercians settled on paying the Vikings off. The Vikings returned to Northumbria in autumn 868 and overwintered in York, staying there
1264:
announced that the remains could all be dated to the late 9th century, consistent with the time the army wintered in
Derbyshire. They attributed the initial discrepancies to the high consumption of seafood by the Vikings. Because the carbon in the Earth's oceans is older than much of the carbon
1011:
The
Vikings used East Anglia as a starting point for an invasion. The East Anglians made peace with the invaders by providing them with horses. The Vikings stayed in East Anglia for the winter before setting out for Northumbria towards the end of 866, establishing themselves at York. In 867, the
939:
responded to the
Vikings, fortifying his towns and defending his rivers, making it difficult for the Vikings to raid inland. The lower reaches of the rivers and the coastal regions were left largely undefended. Religious communities in these areas moved inland away from the reaches of the Viking
1155:
by the Thames. It seems they were partly discouraged by the defeat of
Guthrum but also Alfred's success against the Vikings coincided with a period of renewed weakness in Francia. The Frankish emperor, Charles the Bald, died in 877 and his son shortly after, precipitating a period of political
948:
The Viking leaders often joined together for mutual benefit and then dissolved once profit had been achieved. Several of the Viking leaders who had been active in Francia and Frisia joined forces to conquer the four kingdoms constituting
684:. The Mercians agreed to terms with the Viking army, which moved back to York for the winter of 868–869. In 869, the Great Army returned to East Anglia, conquering it and killing its king. The army moved to winter quarters in Thetford.
904:
to describe the Viking forces. The historian Richard Abels suggested that this was to differentiate between the Viking war bands and those of military forces organised by the state or the crown. By the late 10th and early 11th century,
1144:
went on to more settled lives in Northumbria and York. Some may have settled in Mercia. Evidence for this is the presence of two Viking cemeteries in Derbyshire that are believed to be connected to the Great Army, at Repton and at
823:
with the men of their shires. However, the raiding of England continued on and off until the 860s, when instead of raiding, the Vikings changed their tactics and sent a great army to invade England. This army was described by the
2844:
1532:
Asser actually uses the term "make peace". historians have suggested that this means paying the Vikings money in return for peace. See Asser ch. 10 where he explicitly says that the men from Kent paid money in return for
1502:
For example, Sturdy, argues that the great army would have numbered less than 1000 men; Smyth, supports a great army of over 1000 men; and Abels suggests that the great army may have initially numbered ‘in excess of 5000
1025:, king of East Anglia, with whom they had no peace agreement. The Viking army was victorious in these battles, and Edmund was captured, possibly tortured, and killed. He later came to be known as Edmund the Martyr.
653:. The campaign of invasion and conquest against the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms lasted 14 years. Surviving sources give no firm indication of its numbers, but it was described as amongst the largest forces of its kind.
1516:, discovered at Skuldelev, Denmark, indicate that a small longship (wreck 5) could carry approximately 30 men and a great longship (wreck 2) could carry 65–70. The saga of Ragnar's sons describes how they used
708:
on the middle Trent, after which the army seems to have divided. One group seems to have returned to Northumbria, where they settled in the area, while another group seems to have turned to invade Wessex.
695:
to overwinter in 871–872. The following campaigning season the army first moved to York, where it gathered reinforcements. This force campaigned in northeastern Mercia, after which it spent the winter at
1083:, the Vikings then split into two bands. Halfdan led one band north to Northumbria, where he overwintered by the river Tyne (874–875). In 875, he ravaged further north to Scotland, where he fought the
890:) as "an invading army or raiding party containing more than thirty-five men", thus differentiating between the term for the invading Viking army and the Anglo-Saxon army that was referred to as the
920:
reported that, in the 1990s, several historians suggested that the Great Heathen Army would have numbered in the low thousands and acknowledged that there "is still much room for debate".
1276:
contains about sixty cremations (rather than burials). Finds of cremation sites in the British Isles are very rare, and this one was probably also associated with the Great Heathen Army.
2309:
1091:. Returning south of the border in 876, he shared out Northumbrian land among his men, who "ploughed the land and supported themselves." This land was part of what became known as the
700:, on the Trent close to the Humber. The following campaigning season it seems to have subdued much of Mercia. Burgred, the king of Mercia, fled overseas and Coelwulf, described in the
310:
993:
953:. The composite force probably contained elements from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Ireland as well as those who had been fighting on the continent. The Anglo-Saxon historian
2118: – "We use the term thieves if the number of men does not exceed seven. A band of marauders for a number between seven and thirty five. Anything beyond that is a raid'."
1075:
In 874, following their winter stay in Repton, the Great Heathen Army drove the Mercian king into exile and finally conquered Mercia. The exiled Mercian king was replaced by
1734:
1416:
There is nothing in the annals to suggest that the brothers invaded England to avenge their father's killing. Also there is no reference to them being the sons of Ragnar.
1240:
Heathen Army and the Vikings had control of northern and eastern England, while Alfred and his successors had defended their kingdom and remained in control of Wessex.
5379:
3541:
1352:
as synonymous with pirate. They did not regard it as being a reference to nationality. There were other terms that were used, that did refer to nationality, such as
1404:
of Ragnar and his sons, although based in history, were a literary invention. The historical foundation is more likely found in the French and English chronicles.
1156:
instability of which the Vikings were quick to take advantage. The assembled Viking army on the Thames departed in 879 to begin new campaigns on the continent.
303:
4761:
1236:
that they could reinforce and then use as a base to plunder the surrounding district. From 884 Alfred's reforms prevented them from doing this in Wessex.
4941:
811:
The Northmen launched a major attack; in three days, the Northmen emerged the winners – plundering, looting, slaughtering, and controlling the land.
3064:
1107:, Oscetel, and Anwend. This group also left Repton in 874 and established a base at Cambridge for the winter of 874–875. In late 875 they moved onto
296:
716:, and a treaty was agreed whereby the Vikings were able to remain in control of much of northern and eastern England, a region later known as the
1171:
some possessing 60 oars, others possessing even more. Alfred also reorganised the army and set up a powerful system of fortified towns known as
960:
The Vikings had been defeated by the West Saxon King Æthelwulf in 851, so rather than land in Wessex they decided to go further north to
957:
was very specific in his chronicle and said that "the fleets of the viking tyrant Ivar the Boneless landed in England from the north".
1021:
for most of 869. They returned to East Anglia and spent the winter of 869–870 at Thetford. While in Thetford, they were attacked by
5364:
48:
1660:
1123:
was agreed, that set out the boundaries between Alfred and Guthrum's territories as well as agreements on peaceful trade, and the
5297:
4478:
4022:
2111:
856:
Historians provide varying estimates for the size of the Great Heathen Army. According to the 'minimalist' scholars, such as
5394:
3910:
3570:
3511:
3492:
3454:
3435:
3416:
3388:
3369:
3350:
3331:
3303:
3284:
3265:
3246:
3227:
3208:
3167:
3148:
3129:
3110:
3053:
3034:
3015:
2939:
2908:
2642:
2605:
2577:
2536:
2303:
2250:
1008:
in exchange for peace. Regardless, the Vikings did not abide by this agreement and proceeded to rampage across eastern Kent.
5262:
5257:
5116:
4856:
4626:
1429:"freebooter, sea-rover, pirate, Viking", which usually is explained as meaning properly "one who came from the fjords" from
712:
By this time, only the kingdom of Wessex had not been conquered. In May of 878 Alfred the Great defeated the Vikings at the
3958:
3324:
The Annals of St-.Bertin (Ninth-Century Histories, Vol. 1 (Manchester Medieval Sources Series): Annals of St-.Bertin vol. 1
3186:
3029:. The Making of Christian Myths in the Periphery of Latin Christendom (c. 1000–1300). Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.
2996:
1731:
727:
does not mention the reason for this invasion, perhaps because Viking raids were fairly common during that period of time.
321:
3545:
4433:
3915:
1012:
Northumbrians paid danegeld, and the Viking Army established a puppet leader in Northumbria before setting off for the
1068:). The Mercians again paid them off in return for peace, and at the end of 873 the Vikings took up winter quarters at
4042:
3615:
3530:
3473:
2362:
1819:
17:
5302:
121:
1368:
whatever the nationality of the raiders may have been. In Asser's 'Life of Alfred' the Danes are referred to as
1159:
In 892, the army that had encamped on Fulham, now comprising 250 ships, had returned and re-established itself in
940:
fleets. With the changes in Francia making raiding more difficult, the Vikings turned their attention to England.
5354:
4575:
4058:
1119:, where Guthrum agreed to be baptised and then for him and his army to leave Wessex. Then some time after, the
5252:
1425:
The word "Viking" is a historical revival; it was not used in Middle English, but it was revived from Old Norse
1052:, slaying Bagsecg in the process. Three months later, Æthelred died and was succeeded by Alfred (later known as
4826:
4448:
2162:
1990:
1959:
1491:
2136:
Laurent Mazet-Harhoff. The Incursion of the Vikings into the natural and cultural landscape of upper Normandy
5389:
5333:
5287:
5172:
5046:
4463:
4438:
4017:
1303:
1297:
1249:
4651:
5359:
5152:
5147:
4473:
1120:
849:
4711:
3905:
1681:
1475:
The Annals of Bertin mention the attack as happening in 844, compared to 840 in the Anglo Saxon Chronicle.
887:
220:
5142:
4646:
4338:
4233:
3810:
1260:
suggested that the bodies had accumulated there over several centuries, in February 2018 a team from the
556:
4741:
4418:
4258:
3447:
The Medieval Life of King Alfred the Great: A Translation and Commentary on the Text Attributed to Asser
4986:
4518:
4488:
4373:
4113:
1273:
1145:
980:
consider the invasion by the three brothers as a response to the death of their father at the hands of
539:
502:
660:
provided them with horses for their campaign in return for peace. They spent the winter of 865–866 at
5328:
4991:
4363:
4037:
2108:
567:
547:
5212:
3362:
Alfred the Great: Papers from the Eleventh-Centenary Conferences (Studies in Early Medieval Britain)
2821:
2730:
Hooper and Bennett. The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: The Middle Ages, 768–1487. pp. 22–23
954:
755:
5384:
4836:
4388:
4358:
4353:
4073:
3685:
2341:
Haldenby The Viking Great Army and its Legacy: plotting settlement shift using metal-detected finds
857:
729:
471:
436:
4921:
4203:
1380:
is more often than not translated, into English texts, as 'the Vikings' which is a mistranslation.
760:
466:
5374:
5369:
5056:
5001:
4731:
4458:
4308:
4263:
4223:
1635:
1266:
374:
342:
126:
5187:
5031:
4681:
2842:
5137:
4706:
4443:
4248:
4238:
4133:
3968:
1088:
609:
608:. The Great Heathen Army was much larger and aimed to conquer and occupy the four kingdoms of
244:
169:
164:
154:
116:
28:
5227:
5026:
4108:
981:
232:
5182:
5081:
4866:
4686:
4068:
4027:
3988:
3920:
3890:
3608:
1809:
1261:
1076:
1044:. The reinforced Viking army turned its attention to Wessex but the West Saxons, led by King
704:
as "a foolish king's thegn" was imposed in his place. The army spent the following winter at
633:
497:
5267:
4746:
4661:
4611:
1045:
5292:
5207:
5071:
4966:
4946:
4570:
4468:
4428:
4423:
4403:
4368:
4303:
4213:
4178:
4138:
4128:
4123:
4118:
3983:
3895:
1486:
1322:
804:
482:
451:
431:
394:
369:
364:
5232:
4721:
4193:
2843:
Catrine L. Jarman; Martin Biddle; Tom Higham; Christopher Bronk Ramsey (2 February 2018).
1811:
Analysis of the Scandinavian Loanwords in the Aldredian Glosses to the Lindisfarne Gospels
8:
5237:
5132:
5051:
4816:
4671:
4398:
4348:
4328:
4268:
4228:
4153:
4005:
3862:
950:
776:
in Norway, so that in the last case the word "Danish" refers to all Scandinavian people.
487:
476:
456:
446:
421:
139:
5247:
4841:
4218:
3770:
5222:
5217:
5162:
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4333:
4323:
4253:
4208:
4183:
4173:
4143:
4103:
4083:
3765:
3745:
3381:
The Royal Saints of Anglo-Saxon England: a Study of West Saxon & East Anglian Cults
3089:
2975:
2869:
2802:
2336:
1652:
1627:
1623:
1453:"village, camp" (temporary camps were a feature of the Viking raids), related to Latin
1257:
1112:
1061:
965:
713:
642:
534:
517:
512:
441:
399:
183:
4911:
3027:
In the Presence of the Dead. Saint Canute the Duke in Saxo Grammaticus's Gesta Danorum
5307:
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4701:
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4413:
4383:
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4343:
4313:
4293:
4278:
4198:
4078:
4032:
3978:
3900:
3805:
3566:
3526:
3507:
3488:
3469:
3450:
3431:
3412:
3384:
3365:
3346:
3327:
3299:
3280:
3261:
3242:
3223:
3204:
3182:
3163:
3144:
3125:
3106:
3093:
3049:
3030:
3011:
2992:
2979:
2958:
Biddle, M; Kjølbye-Biddle, B (1992). Carver, Martin (ed.). "Repton and the Vikings".
2935:
2904:
2806:
2756:
2638:
2601:
2573:
2532:
2514:
2498:
2482:
2358:
2299:
2246:
2158:
1917:
1867:
1838:
1815:
1656:
1556:
Hadley. "The Winter Camp of the Viking Great Army, AD 872–3, Torksey, Lincolnshire",
1265:
found by organisms on land, radiocarbon dating must be adjusted. This is called the
1116:
1049:
1022:
1017:
1013:
969:
741:
Viking raids began in England in the late 8th century, primarily on monasteries. The
673:
665:
657:
646:
562:
426:
389:
379:
260:
256:
187:
93:
27:
This article is about the military organization. For the 2022 Amon Amarth album, see
4666:
4288:
2873:
5272:
5197:
5177:
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5021:
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4273:
4188:
4168:
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4148:
4088:
3953:
3885:
3601:
3079:
2967:
2859:
2794:
1644:
1393:
1053:
936:
860:, the army may have been smaller than traditionally thought. Sawyer notes that the
788:
688:
507:
492:
404:
384:
264:
248:
236:
228:
211:
195:
4736:
4621:
1997:. Retrieved 20 August 2013. The entry for 867 refers to the Great Heathen Army as
1588:
The Making of Christian Myths in the Periphery of Latin Christendom (c. 1000–1300)
1139:
A sword of a Viking buried at Repton in Mercia. This sword is now in Derby Museum.
964:. Legend has it that the united army was led by the three sons of Ragnar Lodbrok:
844:
791:
were popular targets as they were wealthy and had valuable, portable objects. The
5282:
5041:
4956:
4916:
4896:
4881:
4861:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4766:
4590:
4558:
4453:
4243:
4163:
4098:
4093:
4063:
3730:
3678:
2293:
2115:
1994:
1963:
1738:
1513:
1330:
1160:
1108:
928:
875:
461:
359:
203:
131:
5096:
5016:
1288:, dynasty believed by some historians to be the descendants of Ivar the Boneless
5323:
4936:
4906:
4523:
3937:
3196:
3177:
Hooper, Nicholas; Bennett, Matthew (1996). "The Vikings in the Ninth Century".
1197:
1001:
909:
was used more generally as the term for an army, whether it was Viking or not.
764:, has a slightly different version of events, saying that the reeve, a certain
638:
525:
3587:
3084:
2971:
2932:
Alfred the Great: Asser's Life of King Alfred & Other Contemporary Sources
2798:
1897:
1648:
1628:"Excavations at the Viking barrow cemetery at Heath Wood, Ingleby, Derbyshire"
750:
were the first ships of Danishmen which sought the land of the English nation.
745:
entry for AD 787 reports the first confrontation with the Vikings in England.
288:
5348:
5277:
5111:
4691:
4580:
3735:
3720:
3673:
1285:
879:
2155:
Charlemagne's Early Campaigns (768–777): A Diplomatic and Military Analysis.
1682:"The Saga of Ragnar Lodrok and his Sons Ragnars Saga Loðbrókar ok sona hans"
1517:
1135:
224:
5011:
4876:
4696:
4553:
3867:
3857:
3750:
3065:"The Winter Camp of the Viking Great Army, AD 872–3, Torksey, Lincolnshire"
1291:
1193:
1164:
1065:
2930:(1983). "Life of King Alfred". In Keynes, Simon; Lapidge, Michael (eds.).
2864:
796:
668:
in November 866. York had been founded as the Roman legionary fortress of
5066:
4996:
4851:
4585:
4548:
4533:
4393:
3724:
3658:
3643:
1037:
961:
917:
865:
848:
A reconstruction of a Viking from Repton in Mercia. This model is now in
780:
613:
605:
589:
337:
56:
4891:
1115:
in 878. This was followed closely by what was described by Asser as the
4641:
4606:
3800:
3795:
1484:
This reconstruction was made in 1985 by the BBC for a programme called
1192:, as well as the standing army, Alfred set up a system of taxation and
800:
769:
765:
681:
3710:
2340:
1400:
says that only three took part in the invasion. It is likely that the
5086:
4961:
4931:
4716:
4498:
3820:
3740:
3695:
3663:
2845:"The Viking Great Army in England: new dates from the Repton charnel"
932:
912:
Sawyer produced a table of Viking ship numbers, as documented in the
773:
142:
3179:
The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare The Middle Ages, 768–1487
1987:
1956:
637:. The force was led by three of the five sons of the semi-legendary
4871:
4831:
4563:
4538:
4010:
3932:
3852:
3790:
3785:
3715:
3705:
3700:
3648:
2901:
Alfred the Great: War. Kingship, and Culture in Anglo-Saxon England
2127:
Vikinges Kibs Museet. "The five Viking ships – The Skuldelev Ships"
2038:
Alfred the Great: War. Kingship, and Culture in Anglo-Saxon England
1210:, enabling Alfred's troops to move swiftly to engage the enemy. As
1206:
1188:, so they were able to seek refuge when necessary. To maintain the
1124:
1005:
669:
661:
61:
A map of the routes taken by the Great Heathen Army from 865 to 878
2822:"Radiocarbon dating reveals mass grave did date to the Viking age"
1216:
was usually a reference to an invading army, then it follows that
1032:
Map of Britain in 878, showing territory held by the Danes in pink
815:
Despite this, Æthelwulf had some success against the Vikings. The
754:
This incident is regarded, by some, as the first raid on England.
4886:
4811:
4786:
4756:
4751:
4636:
3963:
3925:
3830:
3815:
3780:
3668:
3624:
1104:
1092:
1057:
1041:
924:
717:
697:
601:
593:
412:
207:
110:
82:
3638:
1223:
1217:
1211:
992:
5101:
4821:
4631:
4528:
4508:
4000:
3993:
3973:
3775:
2785:
Biddle, M; Kjølbye-Biddle, B (1992). "Repton and the Vikings".
1520:(cargo ships) to carry warriors, each knorr carrying 250 men.
1152:
1069:
705:
692:
677:
621:
617:
159:
149:
3653:
1028:
803:, Somerset, after 35 Viking ships had landed in the area. The
4981:
4971:
4926:
3847:
3760:
3690:
2927:
1988:
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Manuscript B: Cotton Tiberius A.vi
1441:"bay", and the second element in Reykjavik). But Old English
1084:
1080:
977:
864:
of 865 referred to the Viking force as a Heathen Army, or in
819:
has repeated references during his reign of victories won by
2619:
2617:
1163:. Another army of 80 ships soon afterwards also encamped in
5106:
4676:
4513:
3755:
2987:
Forte, Angelo; Oram, Richard D; Pedersen, Frederik (2005).
2295:
The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: the Middle Ages
1173:
973:
892:
650:
191:
3593:
3025:
Friis-Jensen, Karsten (2006). Mortensen, Lars Boje (ed.).
1204:
were connected with a network of military roads, known as
2614:
2098:
Chapter 6 for a discussion on the size of medieval armies
1048:'s brother Alfred, defeated them on 8 January 871 at the
604:
had been engaging in raids on centres of wealth, such as
3428:
Kings and Vikings: Scandinavia and Europe, A.D. 700–1100
984:
in 865, but the historicity of this claim is uncertain.
787:
described the Vikings as "heathen men". Monasteries and
656:
The invaders initially landed in East Anglia, where the
1732:
Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
597:
2343:, Internet Archaeology 42.] Retrieved 13 December 2016
1957:
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, MS 173, ff. 1v-32r.
2819:
2563:
2561:
1490:
based on a skull and sword found in a burial outside
1449:
are almost 300 years older, and probably derive from
2957:
2784:
1000:
In late 865, the Great Heathen Army encamped in the
996:
Silver penny of Æthelred I, King of Wessex (865–871)
3046:The Penguin Dictionary of British History (New Ed)
2920:Six Old English Chronicles: Æthelweard's Chronicle
2591:
2589:
2558:
2292:Hooper, Nicholas Hooper; Bennett, Matthew (1996).
2240:
1968:* The entry for 865 refers to the Heathen Army as
1780:Six Old English Chronicles: Æthelweard's Chronicle
923:The army probably developed from the campaigns in
3317:. New York: The American-Scandinavian foundation.
3103:Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West 450–900
2986:
2109:The laws of the earliest English kings. pp. 40–41
2096:Warfare and Society in the Barbarian West 450–900
1396:gives Ragnar no less than ten sons; however, the
5380:Military units and formations of the Middle Ages
5346:
3539:
3449:. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Paulgrave Houndmills.
1974:* The entry for 866 describes the Great Army as
1360:(Dane). In various Old English sources the word
1196:that is recorded in a document now known as the
882:, issued in about 694, provides a definition of
2586:
2157:(Volume 82 of History of Warfare) Brill, 2013.
1103:According to Asser, the second band was led by
779:The first monastery to be raided was in 793 at
672:and revived as the Anglo-Saxon trading port of
318:
2632:
2352:
2101:
1618:
1616:
1614:
687:In 871, the Vikings moved on to Wessex, where
3609:
3542:"The five Viking ships – The Skuldelev Ships"
3409:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
3277:Viking Trade and Settlement in Western Europe
3176:
2948:
2677:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
2598:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
2570:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
2529:The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings
2291:
2142:Viking Trade and Settlement in Western Europe
1079:. According to Alfred the Great's biographer
1016:, where in 867 they captured Nottingham. The
987:
927:, where there was a conflict between Emperor
691:paid them to leave. The army then marched to
323:Viking invasions of England
304:
3364:. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing.
3062:
3024:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2595:
2567:
2526:
2229:Norse Mythology: Ragnar Lodbrok and His Sons
2192:
2090:
2088:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2050:
2048:
2046:
1180:Alfred mainly used old Roman cities for his
3326:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
3315:Norse Mythology: Legends of Gods and Heroes
3138:
2780:
2778:
2726:
2724:
2708:
2572:. Oxford University Press. pp. 58–59.
2409:
2407:
1714:
1712:
1675:
1673:
1611:
1606:Norse Mythology: Legends of Gods and Heroes
1433:"creek, inlet, small bay" (cf. Old English
1036:In 871, the Great Summer Army arrived from
3616:
3602:
2917:
2433:
2389:
2387:
2298:. Cambridge University Press. p. 22.
2210:
2208:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2058:and the Viking threat" in Timothy Reuter.
1790:
1788:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1552:
1550:
1528:
1526:
311:
297:
3383:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3181:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3083:
2991:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2949:Brøndsted, Johannes; Skov, Kalle (1965).
2918:Æthelweard (1858). Giles Tr., J.A (ed.).
2863:
2820:University of Bristol (2 February 2018).
2682:
2651:
2553:Kings and Vikings: Scandinavia and Europe
2420:
2259:
2187:The Oxford Illustrated History of Vikings
2130:
2085:
2065:
2043:
2004:
1923:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1844:
1807:
1751:The Oxford Illustrated History of Vikings
676:. During 867, the army marched deep into
3239:History of the Vikings and Norse Culture
3195:
3043:
3005:
2836:
2775:
2762:
2733:
2721:
2695:
2669:
2545:
2404:
2316:
2030:
1873:
1709:
1704:History of the Vikings and Norse Culture
1679:
1670:
1622:
1344:
1342:
1151:In 878, a third Viking army gathered on
1134:
1098:
1027:
991:
843:
3501:
3482:
3378:
3293:
3279:. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.
3100:
2637:. Wahlstrom and Widstrand. p. 75.
2600:. Oxford University Press. p. 59.
2531:. Oxford University Press. p. 57.
2459:
2446:
2384:
2371:
2353:Hadley, Dawn; Richards, Julian (2021).
2272:
2267:The Royal Saints of Anglo-Saxon England
2205:
2168:
2017:
1894:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1892:Janet L. Nelson, "Æthelwulf (d. 858)",
1814:. Universitat de València. p. 41.
1785:
1772:
1761:
1759:
1743:
1593:
1547:
1523:
1412:
1410:
1243:
1004:and was promised by the people of Kent
839:
772:in Jutland, so actually Danes, or from
758:version of the Chronicle, known as the
14:
5347:
3544:. Vikinges Kibs Museet. Archived from
3520:
3425:
3406:
3397:
3359:
3340:
3321:
3274:
3162:. Plymouth, England: Scarecrow Press.
3157:
2813:
2746:
2504:
2488:
2472:
2054:Richard Abels. "Alfred the Great, the
1952:
1950:
1902:
1857:
1828:
1696:
1388:
1386:
943:
3597:
3560:
3463:
3444:
3345:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
3312:
3255:
3217:
3119:
2966:(250). York: Antiquity Trust: 36–51.
2926:
2898:
2221:
1339:
807:also reported the incident, stating:
292:
4479:Cnut the Great's invasion of England
3296:Fortifications in Wessex c. 800-1066
3236:
2664:Fortifications in Wessex c. 800–1066
1886:
1756:
1666:from the original on 2 October 2011.
1580:
1419:
1407:
4434:Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias
3468:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3275:Klæsøe, Iben Skibsted, ed. (2012).
3222:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3139:Hjardar, Kim; Vike, Vegard (2001).
2312:from the original on 23 April 2017.
1981:
1947:
1725:
1383:
1348:The Anglo-Saxons regarded the word
664:, before marching north to capture
24:
5298:Västergötland Runic Inscription 40
5263:Södermanland Runic Inscription 333
5258:Södermanland Runic Inscription 174
4627:Aud the Deep-Minded (Ketilsdóttir)
3063:Hadley, Dawn; et al. (2016).
2513:890 – English translation at
2497:879 – English translation at
2481:878 – English translation at
1937:made mention of it ... Great Army
1916:865 – English translation at
1866:840 – English translation at
1837:793 – English translation at
1376:(pirate). However, Asser's Latin
1231:Some historians believe that each
600:. Since the late 8th century, the
25:
5406:
3581:
3829:
3588:Martin Biddle talks about Repton
3485:The Monarchy of England Volume I
1896:, Oxford University Press, 2004
55:
34:Norse invasion of England in 865
5365:Conflict in Anglo-Saxon England
3487:. London: Chatto & Windus.
2626:
2520:
2357:. London: Thames & Hudson.
2346:
2329:
2285:
2234:
2147:
2121:
1801:
1506:
1496:
1478:
1469:
1460:
931:and his sons. One of the sons,
828:as a "Great Heathen Army" (OE:
783:, off the northeast coast; the
4449:Sack of Santiago de Compostela
3322:Nelson, Janet L., ed. (1991).
3044:Gardiner, Juliet, ed. (2000).
1808:Pons-Sanz, Sara María (2000).
1567:
1316:
13:
1:
5334:Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)
5288:Uppland Runic Inscription 158
4464:Siege of Constantinople (860)
3506:(3rd ed.). Oxford: OUP.
3411:(3rd ed.). Oxford: OUP.
3313:Munch, Peter Andreas (1926).
3124:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
2755:897 – English translation at
2415:Illustrated History of Viking
1540:
1364:is translated into the Latin
1304:Medieval invasions of Britain
1298:The Ballad of the White Horse
1250:church of St Wystan at Repton
1222:was a road for use against a
736:
5395:9th-century military history
5253:Småland Runic Inscription 48
5153:Danish Runic Inscription 380
5148:Danish Runic Inscription 154
3565:. London: English Heritage.
3502:Stenton, F. M. (1971).
1130:
1121:Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum
896:. The scribes who wrote the
7:
5143:Danish Runic Inscription 66
4647:Birka female Viking warrior
4339:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu
3623:
3201:Why Alfred Burned the Cakes
2759:. Retrieved 16 January 2013
2517:. Retrieved 16 January 2013
2501:. Retrieved 16 January 2013
2485:. Retrieved 16 January 2013
2454:The Medieval Life of Alfred
2241:Christopher Wright (1975).
1933:. p. 169 – in 865 the
1920:. Retrieved 16 January 2013
1870:. Retrieved 18 January 2013
1841:. Retrieved 16 January 2013
1492:St. Wystan's Church, Repton
1279:
795:for the year 840 says that
557:Northumbrian Revolt of 1065
49:Viking invasions of England
10:
5411:
5173:Gunnar's bridge runestones
4519:Viking Age arms and armour
4374:Battle of Strangford Lough
4114:Battle of Brentford (1016)
3379:Ridyard, Susan J. (1988).
3258:The Earliest English Kings
3241:. Spangenhelm Publishing.
3158:Holman, Elizabeth (2009).
3006:Frantzen, Allen J (2012).
2891:
2770:The Earliest English Kings
2716:Why Alfred Burnt the Cakes
1274:Heath Wood barrow cemetery
988:Start of the invasion, 865
26:
5329:Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)
5316:
5303:Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone
5125:
4992:Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson
4827:Hrafna-Flóki Vilgerðarson
4599:
4487:
4364:Battle of Stamford Bridge
4051:
3946:
3876:
3838:
3827:
3631:
3464:Smyth, Alfred P. (1995).
3445:Smyth, Alfred P. (2002).
3203:. London: Profile Books.
3160:The A to Z of the Vikings
3085:10.1017/S0003581516000718
3048:. London: Penguin Books.
2972:10.1017/S0003598X00081023
2799:10.1017/S0003598X00081023
2623:The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
2428:The A to Z of the Vikings
1966:Retrieved 17 April 2013.
1649:10.1017/S0003581500045819
730:The Tale of Ragnar's Sons
332:
274:
177:
103:
65:
54:
46:
41:
4837:Ingvar the Far-Travelled
4742:Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir
4576:Raid Warfare and Tactics
4419:Battle of Trans-la-Forêt
4389:Battle of Tara (Ireland)
4359:Battle of Stamford (918)
4354:Battle of Stamford (894)
4259:Battle of Lüneburg Heath
4074:Battle of Anglesey Sound
3402:. London: Edward Arnold.
3360:Reuter, Timothy (2003).
3220:A History of the Vikings
2953:. London: Pelican Books.
2922:. London: Henry G. Bohn.
2245:. Batsford. p. 54.
2189:, pp. 9–11 and pp. 53–54
1962:12 February 2009 at the
1737:7 September 2014 at the
1720:A History of the Vikings
1680:Tunstall, Peter (2005).
1309:
770:Harthæsysæl (Hardsyssel)
5057:Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson
5002:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
4732:Godfrid, Duke of Frisia
4459:Siege of Chartres (911)
4309:Battle of Reading (871)
4264:Battle of Lyrskov Heath
4254:Battle of London Bridge
4224:Battle of Hingston Down
3483:Starkey, David (2004).
2633:Bertil Almgren (1974).
2200:Æthelweard's Chronicle.
1993:17 October 2013 at the
1881:The Annals of St-Bertin
1852:The Monarchy of England
1684:. germanicmythology.com
1636:The Antiquaries Journal
1326:
1267:marine reservoir effect
1224:
1218:
1212:
1127:value of their people.
5355:Kingdom of East Anglia
5213:Norra Härene Runestone
5138:Baltic area runestones
4652:Bjørn (floruit 856–58)
4439:Raids in the Rhineland
4249:Battle of Leuven (891)
4239:Battle of Islandbridge
4234:Battle of Hjörungavágr
4134:Battle of Cathair Cuan
3561:Welch, Martin (1992).
3540:Vikinges Kibs Museet.
3521:Sturdy, David (1996).
3426:Sawyer, Peter (1989).
3407:Sawyer, Peter (2001).
3400:The Age of the Vikings
3398:Sawyer, Peter (1962).
3294:Lavelle, Ryan (2003).
2393:Asser. Life of Alfred
2243:Kent through the years
2140:Iben Skibsted Klæsøe,
1626:; et al. (2004).
1457:"village, habitation".
1334:
1140:
1089:Britons of Strathclyde
1033:
997:
853:
813:
752:
245:Osberht of Northumbria
178:Commanders and leaders
170:Kingdom of Strathclyde
29:The Great Heathen Army
5183:Hakon Jarl runestones
5082:Tryggvi the Pretender
4987:Snæfrithr Svásadottir
4922:Ohthere of Hålogaland
4867:Ketil Trout (Iceland)
4687:Eohric of East Anglia
4586:Svinfylking Formation
4394:Battle of Tarbat Ness
4204:Battle of Fýrisvellir
4069:First Battle of Alton
3525:. London: Constable.
3466:King Alfred the Great
3430:. London: Routledge.
3341:Oliver, Neil (2012).
3260:. London: Routledge.
3105:. London: Routledge.
3101:Halsall, Guy (2003).
2903:. Oxford: Routledge.
2865:10.15184/aqy.2017.196
2596:Peter Sawyer (2001).
2568:Peter Sawyer (2001).
2527:Peter Sawyer (2001).
2467:King Alfred the Great
2355:The Viking Great Army
2114:10 March 2016 at the
2025:King Alfred the Great
1941:..Great Heathen Army
1935:Anglo Saxon Chronicle
1437:, Middle High German
1398:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1392:The Danish historian
1262:University of Bristol
1138:
1099:King Alfred's victory
1031:
995:
914:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
898:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
862:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
847:
826:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
817:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
809:
793:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
785:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
761:Chronicon Æthelweardi
747:
743:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
725:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
702:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
634:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
592:warriors who invaded
588:, was a coalition of
261:Edmund of East Anglia
5390:Invasions of England
5293:Varangian runestones
5208:Lingsberg Runestones
5188:Hällestad Runestones
5072:Thorolf Kveldulfsson
5032:Styrbjörn the Strong
4967:Rognvald Eysteinsson
4947:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
4712:Freydís Eiríksdóttir
4682:Egill Skallagrímsson
4429:Burning of Luimneach
4404:Battle of Tettenhall
4369:Battle of Stiklestad
4304:Battle of Rastarkalv
4214:Battle of Hafrsfjord
4179:Battle of Englefield
4139:Battle of Chippenham
4129:Battle of Buttington
4124:Battle of Brunanburh
4119:Battle of Brissarthe
3256:Kirby, D.P. (2000).
3237:Kane, Njord (2019).
3218:Jones, Gwyn (1984).
3008:Anglo-Saxon Keywords
2934:. Penguin Classics.
1898:accessed 18 Jan 2013
1778:Giles Tr., J.A, ed.
1575:Anglo-Saxon Keywords
1487:Blood of the Vikings
1244:Archaeological sites
840:The size of the army
805:Annals of St. Bertin
631:is derived from the
584:, also known as the
5360:Anglo-Norse England
5238:Sigtrygg Runestones
5228:Runestones of Högby
5133:Ballstorp Runestone
5117:Unn the Deep-Minded
5052:Thorfinn the Mighty
5047:Þorbjörg Lítilvölva
5027:Steinunn Refsdóttir
4817:Hemming Halfdansson
4672:Bjorn the Easterner
4399:Battle of Tempsford
4349:Battle of Stainmore
4329:Battle of Rochester
4269:Battle of Mag Femen
4229:Battle of the Holme
4154:Battle of Corbridge
4109:Battle of Brávellir
4059:Tactics and warfare
3863:Viking ship replica
3563:Anglo-Saxon England
3504:Anglo-Saxon England
3143:. Oslo: Spartacus.
3120:Heath, Ian (1985).
3072:Antiquaries Journal
2703:Anglo-Saxon England
2441:Anglo-Saxon England
1624:Richards, Julian D.
1558:Antiquaries Journal
982:Ælla of Northumbria
951:Anglo-Saxon England
944:Invasion of England
797:Æthelwulf of Wessex
233:Ælla of Northumbria
221:Æthelwulf of Wessex
5268:Sparlösa Runestone
5223:Runestones at Aspa
5218:Orkesta Runestones
5163:England runestones
4782:Halfdan Ragnarsson
4762:Hakon Rognvaldsson
4747:Gunnar Hámundarson
4727:Godfrid Haraldsson
4662:Bjarni Herjólfsson
4612:Amlaíb Cenncairech
4600:Historical figures
4504:Great Heathen Army
4492:and fortifications
4409:Battle of Thetford
4334:Battle of Sasireti
4324:Battle of Ringmere
4209:Battle of Glenmama
4184:Battle of Epiphany
4174:Battle of Edington
4144:Battle of Clontarf
4104:Battle of Benfleet
4084:Battle of Assandun
3921:L'Anse aux Meadows
3746:Old Norse religion
3343:Vikings. A History
3298:. Oxford: Osprey.
2153:Bernard Bachrach,
2080:The Age of Vikings
1943:mycel heathen here
1931:Vikings: A History
1514:Viking ship wrecks
1335:Store Hedenske Hær
1258:radiocarbon dating
1141:
1113:Battle of Edington
1062:Kingdom of Lindsey
1034:
998:
966:Halfdan Ragnarsson
937:West Frankish king
880:King Ine of Wessex
854:
834:mycel heathen here
714:Battle of Edington
643:Halfdan Ragnarsson
629:Great Heathen Army
582:Great Heathen Army
351:Great Heathen Army
225:Æthelred of Wessex
184:Halfdan Ragnarsson
42:Great Heathen Army
5342:
5341:
5308:Viking runestones
5243:Simris Runestones
5233:Sædinge Runestone
5203:Karlevi Runestone
5193:Ingvar runestones
5168:Greece runestones
5077:Thorstein the Red
5062:Thorkell the Tall
4942:Ragnar Ragnarsson
4847:Ivar the Boneless
4772:Haakon Sigurdsson
4722:Garðar Svavarsson
4707:Eiríkr Hákonarson
4702:Eric I of Denmark
4657:Bjorn Asbrandsson
4544:Gjermundbu helmet
4414:Battle of Thimeon
4384:Battle of Sulcoit
4379:Battle of Svolder
4344:Battle of Skyhill
4314:Battle of Renfrew
4294:Battle of Norditi
4279:Battle of Meretun
4199:Battle of Fulford
4194:Battle of Florvåg
4079:Battle of Ashdown
3806:Viking runestones
3572:978-0-7134-6566-2
3548:on 28 August 2021
3513:978-0-19-280139-5
3494:978-0-7011-7678-5
3456:978-0-333-69917-1
3437:978-0-415-04590-2
3418:978-0-19-285434-6
3390:978-0-521-30772-7
3371:978-0-7546-0957-5
3352:978-0-297-86787-6
3333:978-0-719-03426-8
3305:978-1-84176-639-3
3286:978-87-635-0531-4
3267:978-0-415-24211-0
3248:978-1-943066-29-2
3229:978-0-19-215882-6
3210:978-1-86197-786-1
3169:978-0-8108-6813-7
3150:978-82-430-0475-7
3131:978-0-8504-5565-6
3112:978-0-41523-940-0
3055:978-0-1405-1473-5
3036:978-8-7635-0407-2
3017:978-1-118-25560-5
2941:978-0-14-044409-4
2910:978-0-582-04047-2
2899:Abels, R (1998).
2757:Project Gutenberg
2741:Kings and Vikings
2644:978-91-46-19959-5
2607:978-0-19-285434-6
2579:978-0-19-285434-6
2538:978-0-19-285434-6
2515:Project Gutenberg
2499:Project Gutenberg
2483:Project Gutenberg
2377:Keynes/ Lapidge.
2322:Keynes/ Lapidge.
2305:978-0-521-44049-3
2278:Keynes/ Lapidge.
2252:978-0-7134-2881-0
1918:Project Gutenberg
1868:Project Gutenberg
1839:Project Gutenberg
1256:Although initial
1117:Treaty of Wedmore
1050:Battle of Ashdown
1014:Kingdom of Mercia
970:Ivar the Boneless
647:Ivar the Boneless
586:Viking Great Army
577:
576:
548:Harald's invasion
400:Edington/Ethandun
287:
286:
257:Burgred of Mercia
188:Ivar the Boneless
99:
98:
94:Treaty of Wedmore
18:Viking Great Army
16:(Redirected from
5402:
5273:Stangeland stone
5248:Sjörup Runestone
5198:Italy runestones
5178:Hagby Runestones
5158:Egtved Runestone
5092:Valtoke Gormsson
5037:Sweyn Asleifsson
5022:Snorri Sturluson
5007:Sigurd the Stout
4952:Ragnall ua Imair
4842:Ingólfr Arnarson
4792:Harald Bluetooth
4777:Halfdan Long-Leg
4319:Battle of Remich
4299:Battle of Pinhoe
4284:Battle of Nesjar
4274:Battle of Maldon
4219:Battle of Helgeå
4189:Battle of Fitjar
4169:Battle of Dollar
4159:Battle of Cynwit
4149:Battle of Confey
4089:Battle of Basing
3954:Viking expansion
3886:North Sea Empire
3833:
3811:Viking Age trade
3686:Germanic deities
3618:
3611:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3576:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3536:
3523:Alfred the Great
3517:
3498:
3479:
3460:
3441:
3422:
3403:
3394:
3375:
3356:
3337:
3318:
3309:
3290:
3271:
3252:
3233:
3214:
3192:
3188:978-05214-4049-3
3173:
3154:
3135:
3116:
3097:
3087:
3069:
3059:
3040:
3021:
3002:
2998:978-0-5218-29922
2983:
2954:
2945:
2923:
2914:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2867:
2858:(361): 183–199.
2849:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2782:
2773:
2766:
2760:
2750:
2744:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2719:
2712:
2706:
2699:
2693:
2686:
2680:
2673:
2667:
2660:
2649:
2648:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2593:
2584:
2583:
2565:
2556:
2549:
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2542:
2524:
2518:
2508:
2502:
2492:
2486:
2476:
2470:
2463:
2457:
2450:
2444:
2437:
2431:
2424:
2418:
2411:
2402:
2399:Alfred the Great
2397:Keyns/ Lapidge.
2391:
2382:
2379:Alfred the Great
2375:
2369:
2368:
2350:
2344:
2333:
2327:
2326:, p. 244 Note 79
2324:Alfred the Great
2320:
2314:
2313:
2289:
2283:
2280:Alfred the Great
2276:
2270:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2238:
2232:
2225:
2219:
2212:
2203:
2196:
2190:
2183:
2166:
2151:
2145:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2119:
2105:
2099:
2092:
2083:
2076:
2063:
2060:Alfred the Great
2056:micel hæðen here
2052:
2041:
2034:
2028:
2021:
2015:
2012:Alfred the Great
2008:
2002:
1999:mycel hæþen here
1985:
1979:
1954:
1945:
1927:
1921:
1911:
1900:
1890:
1884:
1877:
1871:
1861:
1855:
1848:
1842:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1805:
1799:
1792:
1783:
1776:
1770:
1763:
1754:
1747:
1741:
1729:
1723:
1716:
1707:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1632:
1620:
1609:
1602:
1591:
1584:
1578:
1571:
1565:
1554:
1534:
1530:
1521:
1510:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1482:
1476:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1458:
1445:and Old Frisian
1423:
1417:
1414:
1405:
1394:Saxo Grammaticus
1390:
1381:
1346:
1337:
1327:mycel hæþen here
1320:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1054:Alfred the Great
889:
830:mycel hæþen here
799:was defeated at
789:minster churches
689:Alfred the Great
680:and wintered in
327:
326:
324:
313:
306:
299:
290:
289:
269:
253:
241:
229:Alfred the Great
216:
200:
67:
66:
59:
39:
38:
21:
5410:
5409:
5405:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5385:Medieval armies
5345:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5312:
5283:Runestone U 582
5121:
5042:Sweyn Forkbeard
4957:Raud the Strong
4917:Orm Storolfsson
4912:Olof Skötkonung
4902:Olav Haraldsson
4897:Olaf Tryggvason
4882:Magnus Barefoot
4862:Ketill Flatnose
4807:Harald Wartooth
4802:Harald Hardrada
4797:Harald Fairhair
4767:Haakon the Good
4595:
4591:Varangian Guard
4491:
4483:
4454:Siege of Asselt
4444:Raid on Seville
4244:Battle of Largs
4164:Battle of Derby
4099:Battle of Bauds
4094:Battle of Barry
4064:Battle of Aclea
4047:
3942:
3878:
3872:
3840:
3834:
3825:
3731:Norse mythology
3679:Younger Futhark
3627:
3622:
3590:on History Hit.
3584:
3579:
3573:
3551:
3549:
3533:
3514:
3495:
3476:
3457:
3438:
3419:
3391:
3372:
3353:
3334:
3306:
3287:
3268:
3249:
3230:
3211:
3197:Horspool, David
3189:
3170:
3151:
3132:
3113:
3067:
3056:
3037:
3018:
2999:
2942:
2911:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2847:
2841:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2818:
2814:
2783:
2776:
2767:
2763:
2751:
2747:
2738:
2734:
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2722:
2713:
2709:
2700:
2696:
2687:
2683:
2674:
2670:
2661:
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2645:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2566:
2559:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2525:
2521:
2509:
2505:
2493:
2489:
2477:
2473:
2464:
2460:
2451:
2447:
2438:
2434:
2425:
2421:
2412:
2405:
2392:
2385:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2351:
2347:
2337:Richards, J. D.
2334:
2330:
2321:
2317:
2306:
2290:
2286:
2277:
2273:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2239:
2235:
2226:
2222:
2213:
2206:
2197:
2193:
2184:
2169:
2152:
2148:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2116:Wayback Machine
2106:
2102:
2093:
2086:
2077:
2066:
2053:
2044:
2035:
2031:
2022:
2018:
2009:
2005:
1995:Wayback Machine
1986:
1982:
1973:
1967:
1964:Wayback Machine
1955:
1948:
1928:
1924:
1912:
1903:
1891:
1887:
1878:
1874:
1862:
1858:
1854:, Vol. 1. p. 51
1849:
1845:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1786:
1777:
1773:
1764:
1757:
1748:
1744:
1739:Wayback Machine
1730:
1726:
1717:
1710:
1701:
1697:
1687:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1663:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1603:
1594:
1585:
1581:
1572:
1568:
1555:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1524:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1391:
1384:
1356:(Northmen) and
1347:
1340:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1282:
1246:
1161:Appledore, Kent
1133:
1101:
1072:in Derbyshire.
990:
972:(Hingwar), and
946:
929:Louis the Pious
842:
739:
578:
573:
572:
568:Stamford Bridge
561:
526:Cnut's invasion
481:
472:Second Stamford
328:
322:
320:
319:
317:
265:
259:
255:
249:
243:
237:
231:
227:
223:
212:
206:
204:Guthrum the Old
202:
196:
190:
186:
85:
60:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5408:
5398:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5375:870s conflicts
5372:
5370:860s conflicts
5367:
5362:
5357:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5324:Viking revival
5320:
5318:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4937:Ragnar Lodbrok
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4907:Olaf the White
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4667:Björn Ironside
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4474:Siege of Paris
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4424:Battle of York
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4289:Battle of Niså
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4008:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3956:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3901:Orkney Islands
3898:
3893:
3888:
3882:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3844:
3842:
3841:and navigation
3836:
3835:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3621:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3583:
3582:External links
3580:
3578:
3577:
3571:
3558:
3537:
3531:
3518:
3512:
3499:
3493:
3480:
3474:
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3370:
3357:
3351:
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3310:
3304:
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3285:
3272:
3266:
3253:
3247:
3234:
3228:
3215:
3209:
3193:
3187:
3174:
3168:
3155:
3149:
3141:Vikings at war
3136:
3130:
3117:
3111:
3098:
3060:
3054:
3041:
3035:
3022:
3016:
3003:
2997:
2989:Viking Empires
2984:
2955:
2946:
2940:
2924:
2915:
2909:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2835:
2812:
2793:(250): 36–51.
2774:
2761:
2745:
2732:
2720:
2707:
2694:
2681:
2668:
2650:
2643:
2625:
2613:
2606:
2585:
2578:
2557:
2544:
2537:
2519:
2503:
2487:
2471:
2458:
2445:
2432:
2419:
2403:
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2370:
2363:
2345:
2328:
2315:
2304:
2284:
2271:
2258:
2251:
2233:
2220:
2204:
2191:
2167:
2146:
2129:
2120:
2107:Attenborough.
2100:
2094:See Hashall's
2084:
2064:
2042:
2029:
2016:
2003:
1980:
1946:
1922:
1901:
1885:
1872:
1856:
1843:
1827:
1820:
1800:
1796:Viking Empires
1784:
1771:
1755:
1742:
1724:
1708:
1695:
1669:
1643:(84): 23–116.
1610:
1608:, pp. 357–359.
1592:
1586:Friis-Jensen.
1579:
1566:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1522:
1505:
1495:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1418:
1406:
1382:
1338:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1294:
1289:
1281:
1278:
1245:
1242:
1198:Burghal Hidage
1132:
1129:
1100:
1097:
1018:king of Mercia
1002:Isle of Thanet
989:
986:
945:
942:
900:used the term
841:
838:
738:
735:
639:Ragnar Lodbrok
575:
574:
571:
570:
565:
559:
553:
552:
543:
542:
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503:St Brice's Day
500:
495:
490:
485:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
437:First Stamford
434:
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52:
51:
44:
43:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5407:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
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5361:
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5356:
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5332:
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5325:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5278:Stone of Eric
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
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5259:
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5254:
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5249:
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5209:
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5149:
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5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
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4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4737:Grímur Kamban
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4692:Eric Bloodaxe
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
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4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4622:Amlaíb Conung
4620:
4618:
4617:Amlaíb Cuarán
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4581:Shield-maiden
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4571:Ring Fortress
4569:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
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4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4469:Sack of Paris
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
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4310:
4307:
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4300:
4297:
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4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
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4260:
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4250:
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4185:
4182:
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4137:
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4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
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4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
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4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3959:British Isles
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3916:North America
3914:
3912:
3911:Faroe Islands
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
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3846:
3845:
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3837:
3832:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3736:Norse rituals
3734:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3721:Norse funeral
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3674:Elder Futhark
3672:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3600:
3599:
3596:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3574:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3547:
3543:
3538:
3534:
3532:0-09-476570-7
3528:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3475:0-19-822989-5
3471:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3414:
3410:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3221:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2823:
2816:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2781:
2779:
2771:
2765:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2742:
2736:
2727:
2725:
2717:
2711:
2705:, pp. 127–129
2704:
2698:
2691:
2685:
2678:
2672:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2646:
2640:
2636:
2629:
2620:
2618:
2609:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2590:
2581:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2562:
2554:
2548:
2540:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2468:
2462:
2455:
2449:
2442:
2436:
2429:
2423:
2416:
2410:
2408:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2374:
2366:
2364:9780500022016
2360:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2325:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2288:
2281:
2275:
2268:
2262:
2254:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2231:, pp. 245–251
2230:
2224:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2201:
2195:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2124:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2082:. pp. 124–125
2081:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2062:. pp. 266–267
2061:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2039:
2033:
2026:
2020:
2013:
2007:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1977:
1971:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1882:
1876:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1847:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1823:
1821:84-370-4707-2
1817:
1813:
1812:
1804:
1797:
1794:Forte et al.
1791:
1789:
1781:
1775:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1722:, pp. 218–219
1721:
1715:
1713:
1705:
1699:
1683:
1676:
1674:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1589:
1583:
1576:
1570:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1546:
1529:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1472:
1466:Maybe AD 789.
1463:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1413:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1137:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1064:(now part of
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1007:
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994:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
941:
938:
934:
930:
926:
921:
919:
915:
910:
908:
903:
899:
895:
894:
885:
881:
877:
872:
870:
867:
863:
859:
851:
846:
837:
835:
831:
827:
822:
818:
812:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:
757:
751:
746:
744:
734:
732:
731:
726:
721:
719:
715:
710:
707:
703:
699:
694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
635:
630:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
569:
566:
564:
560:
558:
555:
554:
551:
549:
545:
544:
541:
538:
536:
533:
532:
529:
527:
523:
522:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
480:
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468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
416:
414:
410:
409:
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403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
354:
352:
348:
347:
344:
343:Hingston Down
341:
339:
336:
335:
331:
325:
314:
309:
307:
302:
300:
295:
294:
291:
282:
279:
278:
273:
270:
268:
262:
258:
254:
252:
246:
242:
240:
234:
230:
226:
222:
219:
217:
215:
209:
205:
201:
199:
193:
189:
185:
182:
181:
176:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
146:
144:
141:
137:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
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115:
114:
113:
112:
108:
107:
102:
95:
92:
89:
88:
84:
80:
77:
76:
72:
69:
68:
64:
58:
53:
50:
45:
40:
37:
30:
19:
5097:Vagn Åkesson
5017:Skalla-Grímr
5012:Sitric Caech
4877:Leif Erikson
4857:Ketilsdóttir
4697:Erik the Red
4503:
4489:Arms, armour
3879:and colonies
3868:Visby lenses
3858:Viking ships
3751:Raven banner
3562:
3550:. Retrieved
3546:the original
3522:
3503:
3484:
3465:
3446:
3427:
3408:
3399:
3380:
3361:
3342:
3323:
3314:
3295:
3276:
3257:
3238:
3219:
3200:
3178:
3159:
3140:
3121:
3102:
3075:
3071:
3045:
3026:
3007:
2988:
2963:
2959:
2950:
2931:
2919:
2900:
2877:. Retrieved
2855:
2851:
2838:
2826:. Retrieved
2824:. Eurekalert
2815:
2790:
2786:
2769:
2764:
2752:
2748:
2740:
2735:
2715:
2710:
2702:
2697:
2689:
2684:
2676:
2671:
2663:
2634:
2628:
2597:
2569:
2552:
2547:
2528:
2522:
2510:
2506:
2494:
2490:
2478:
2474:
2466:
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2453:
2448:
2440:
2435:
2427:
2422:
2414:
2398:
2394:
2378:
2373:
2354:
2348:
2331:
2323:
2318:
2294:
2287:
2279:
2274:
2266:
2261:
2242:
2236:
2228:
2223:
2215:
2202:Bk. 4. Ch. 2
2199:
2198:Æthelweard.
2194:
2186:
2154:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2123:
2103:
2095:
2079:
2059:
2055:
2037:
2032:
2024:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1998:
1983:
1975:
1969:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1913:
1893:
1888:
1880:
1875:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1846:
1834:
1830:
1810:
1803:
1795:
1779:
1774:
1766:
1750:
1745:
1727:
1719:
1703:
1698:
1688:18 September
1686:. Retrieved
1640:
1634:
1605:
1587:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1561:
1557:
1508:
1503:combatants'.
1498:
1485:
1480:
1471:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1401:
1397:
1377:
1373:
1372:(pagan) not
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1318:
1296:
1292:Raven banner
1271:
1255:
1247:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1205:
1201:
1194:conscription
1189:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1172:
1169:
1165:Milton Regis
1158:
1150:
1142:
1102:
1074:
1066:Lincolnshire
1035:
1010:
999:
959:
947:
922:
913:
911:
906:
901:
897:
891:
886:(pronounced
883:
873:
869:"hæþen here"
868:
861:
855:
850:Derby Museum
833:
829:
825:
820:
816:
814:
810:
792:
784:
778:
759:
756:Æthelweard's
753:
748:
742:
740:
728:
724:
722:
711:
701:
686:
655:
641:, including
632:
628:
626:
590:Scandinavian
585:
581:
579:
546:
524:
411:
350:
349:
266:
250:
238:
213:
197:
138:
109:
104:Belligerents
47:Part of the
36:
5067:Thorir Hund
4997:Sigurd Ring
4852:Jomsvikings
4549:Yarm helmet
3984:Isle of Man
3938:Kievan Rus'
3771:Skíðblaðnir
3725:ship burial
3644:Brisingamen
3122:The Vikings
2951:The Vikings
2456:, pp. 26–27
2218:, pp. 52–53
2216:The Vikings
2214:Brøndsted.
1767:The Vikings
1706:. pp. 72–74
1564:, pp. 23–67
1323:Old English
1272:The nearby
1038:Scandinavia
962:East Anglia
918:Guy Halsall
866:Old English
858:Pete Sawyer
781:Lindisfarne
614:Northumbria
610:East Anglia
606:monasteries
498:First Alton
413:The Danelaw
338:Lindisfarne
165:East Anglia
155:Northumbria
140:Anglo-Saxon
132:Norse–Gaels
5349:Categories
5126:Runestones
4642:Berle-Kari
4607:Airdeconut
3801:Viking art
3796:Viking Age
2879:2 February
2828:4 February
2714:Horspool.
2635:The Viking
2381:, pp.18–19
2282:, pp.16–17
2163:9004224106
1976:micel here
1970:hæþen here
1939:mycel here
1541:References
1248:The stone
1146:Heath Wood
955:Æthelweard
801:Carhampton
774:Hörthaland
766:Beaduheard
737:Background
682:Nottingham
483:Brunanburh
452:Tettenhall
432:Buttington
395:Chippenham
370:Englefield
122:Norwegians
5087:Turgesius
4962:Reginheri
4932:Palnatoke
4717:Freygeirr
4499:Berserker
4023:Pomerania
4018:Rhineland
3947:Expansion
3896:Greenland
3877:Homelands
3821:Yggdrasil
3741:Old Norse
3696:Hnefatafl
3664:Einherjar
3552:28 August
3094:132613900
3078:: 23–67.
3010:. Wiley.
2980:162929840
2960:Antiquity
2852:Antiquity
2807:162929840
2787:Antiquity
2688:Starkey.
2662:Lavelle.
2439:Stenton.
2265:Ridyard.
1850:Starkey.
1769:, pp. 3–4
1753:. pp. 2–3
1657:162404306
1573:Frantzen
1207:herepaths
1131:Aftermath
1040:, led by
933:Lothair I
821:ealdormen
627:The name
540:Brentford
528:(1015–16)
488:Stainmore
477:Corbridge
467:Æthelwold
457:Tempsford
447:The Holme
422:Rochester
415:(886–954)
5112:Uí Ímair
4892:Náttfari
4872:Lagertha
4832:Hvitserk
4564:Ingelrii
4559:Ulfberht
4539:Dane axe
4011:Normandy
4006:Brittany
3989:Scotland
3933:Jomsborg
3906:Shetland
3853:Longship
3791:Valkyrie
3786:Valhalla
3716:Norsemen
3706:Leysingi
3701:Holmgang
3649:Danegeld
3199:(2006).
2874:29165821
2772:, p. 178
2739:Sawyer.
2718:, p. 102
2690:Monarchy
2675:Sawyer.
2551:Sawyer.
2443:, p. 253
2430:, p. 117
2426:Holman.
2413:Sawyer.
2310:Archived
2185:Sawyer.
2112:Archived
2078:Sawyer.
2040:. p. 113
2014:. p. 111
2010:Sturdy.
1991:Archived
1960:Archived
1929:Oliver.
1883:. p. 59.
1879:Nelson.
1798:. p. 125
1749:Sawyer.
1735:Archived
1661:Archived
1590:. p. 198
1286:Uí Ímair
1280:See also
1219:herepath
1125:weregild
1087:and the
1077:Ceolwulf
1046:Æthelred
1006:danegeld
976:. Norse
888:/ˈheːre/
876:law code
674:Eoforwic
670:Eboracum
662:Thetford
535:Assandun
518:Ringmere
513:Thetford
442:Benfleet
353:(865–78)
275:Strength
143:kingdoms
78:Location
5317:Related
4887:Naddodd
4812:Hastein
4787:Hagrold
4757:Guthrum
4752:Guthred
4637:Bagsecg
4534:Skeggöx
4524:Halberd
4052:Battles
4028:Estonia
3964:Danelaw
3926:Vinland
3891:Iceland
3816:Wergeld
3781:Tyrfing
3766:Seeress
3711:Mjölnir
3669:Futhark
3632:Culture
3625:Vikings
2892:Sources
2768:Kirby.
2743:, p. 92
2701:Welch.
2692:, p. 63
2679:, p. 57
2666:. p. 26
2555:, p. 91
2469:, p. 92
2452:Smyth.
2417:, p. 55
2401:, p. 82
2339:(2016)
2335:D. and
2269:, p. 65
2227:Munch.
2165:, p. 77
2144:, p. 87
2036:Abels.
2027:. p. 21
2023:Smyth.
1782:. p. 19
1765:Heath.
1718:Jones.
1604:Munch.
1577:. p 275
1427:vikingr
1374:pirata
1354:Nordmen
1109:Wareham
1105:Guthrum
1093:Danelaw
1060:in the
1058:Torksey
1042:Bagsecg
925:Francia
718:Danelaw
698:Torksey
602:Vikings
596:in 865
594:England
563:Fulford
427:Farnham
390:Meretun
380:Ashdown
375:Reading
283:Unknown
280:Unknown
267:†
251:†
239:†
214:†
208:Bagsecg
198:†
111:Vikings
83:England
73:865–878
5102:Veborg
4822:Hervor
4632:Auisle
4529:Atgeir
4509:Hersir
4038:Dublin
4033:Iberia
4001:France
3994:Wessex
3974:Mercia
3969:Anglia
3776:Thrall
3569:
3529:
3510:
3491:
3472:
3453:
3434:
3415:
3387:
3368:
3349:
3330:
3302:
3283:
3264:
3245:
3226:
3207:
3185:
3166:
3147:
3128:
3109:
3092:
3052:
3033:
3014:
2995:
2978:
2938:
2907:
2872:
2805:
2641:
2604:
2576:
2535:
2465:Smyth.
2361:
2302:
2249:
2161:
1818:
1702:Kane.
1655:
1533:peace.
1518:knorrs
1447:wizing
1443:wicing
1378:pagani
1370:pagani
1366:pirata
1362:wicing
1350:wicing
1331:Danish
1200:. The
1153:Fulham
1070:Repton
1023:Edmund
706:Repton
693:London
678:Mercia
622:Wessex
618:Mercia
550:(1066)
508:Pinhoe
493:Maldon
405:Cynwit
385:Basing
263:
247:
235:
210:
194:
160:Mercia
150:Wessex
127:Swedes
90:Result
4982:Rusla
4977:Rorik
4972:Rollo
4927:Ottir
4554:Sword
4043:Italy
3848:Knarr
3839:Ships
3761:Skald
3756:Sagas
3691:Gothi
3659:Eddas
3090:S2CID
3068:(PDF)
2976:S2CID
2928:Asser
2870:S2CID
2848:(PDF)
2803:S2CID
1664:(PDF)
1653:S2CID
1631:(PDF)
1455:vicus
1402:sagas
1310:Notes
1202:burhs
1190:burhs
1182:burhs
1174:burhs
1085:Picts
1081:Asser
978:sagas
580:The
462:Derby
360:Alcea
117:Danes
5107:Ubba
4677:Cnut
4514:Hird
3979:York
3639:Blót
3567:ISBN
3554:2021
3527:ISBN
3508:ISBN
3489:ISBN
3470:ISBN
3451:ISBN
3432:ISBN
3413:ISBN
3385:ISBN
3366:ISBN
3347:ISBN
3328:ISBN
3300:ISBN
3281:ISBN
3262:ISBN
3243:ISBN
3224:ISBN
3205:ISBN
3183:ISBN
3164:ISBN
3145:ISBN
3126:ISBN
3107:ISBN
3050:ISBN
3031:ISBN
3012:ISBN
2993:ISBN
2936:ISBN
2905:ISBN
2881:2018
2830:2018
2639:ISBN
2602:ISBN
2574:ISBN
2533:ISBN
2359:ISBN
2300:ISBN
2247:ISBN
2159:ISBN
1816:ISBN
1690:2021
1512:The
1439:wich
1358:Dene
1233:burh
1225:here
1213:here
1186:burh
974:Ubba
907:here
902:here
893:fyrd
884:here
874:The
723:The
666:York
658:king
651:Ubba
649:and
620:and
365:York
192:Ubba
70:Date
3654:Dís
3080:doi
2968:doi
2860:doi
2795:doi
2753:ASC
2511:ASC
2495:ASC
2479:ASC
1914:ASC
1864:ASC
1835:ASC
1645:doi
1451:wic
1435:wic
1431:vik
878:of
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