2165:
49:
789:
2142:
870:
2217:
2185:
1752:
1905:
541:
1481:
10126:
2201:
1673:
10670:
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992:
1560:, his trip was delayed due to bad weather. Modern historians theorize that Vespasian had been and was continuing to consolidate support from the Egyptians before departing. Stories of a divine Vespasian healing people circulated in Egypt. During this period, protests erupted in Alexandria over his new tax policies and grain shipments were held up. Vespasian eventually restored order and grain shipments to Rome resumed.
1169:. In May 69, Mucianus formally implored Vespasian to challenge Vitellius. His appeal was followed by Vespasian's official proclamation as Emperor in early July. Under instructions from the prefect Tiberius Alexander, the legions at Alexandria took an oath of loyalty to Vespasian on 1 July. They were swiftly followed by Vespasian's Judaean legions on 3 July and thereafter by Mucianus' Syrian legions on 15 July.
10680:
631:. Vespasian failed at his first attempt to gain an aedileship but was successful in his second attempt, becoming an aedile in 38. Despite his lack of significant family connections or success in office, he achieved praetorship in either 39 or 40, at the youngest age permitted (30), during a period of political upheaval in the organisation of elections. His long-standing relationship with freed-woman
836:
from these appointments with his pockets full. However, Vespasian used his time in North Africa making friends instead of money, something that would be far more valuable in the years to come. During his time in North Africa, he found himself in financial difficulties and was forced to mortgage his estates to his brother. To revive his fortunes he turned to the
445:, Vespasian increased imperial expansion in Britain. Vespasian is often credited with restoring political stability to Rome following the chaotic reigns of his predecessors. After he died in 79, he was succeeded by his eldest son Titus, thus becoming the first Roman emperor to be succeeded by his natural son and establishing the Flavian dynasty.
1700:, which legitimized the right to rule through successful conquest. This revolved around Vespasian's victory in Judea. Stories of a supernatural emperor who was destined to rule circulated in the empire. Nearly one-third of all coins minted in Rome under Vespasian celebrated military victory or peace. The word
1769:
Between 71 and 79, much of
Vespasian's reign is a mystery. Historians report that Vespasian ordered the construction of several buildings in Rome. Additionally, he survived several conspiracies against him. Vespasian helped rebuild Rome after the civil war. He added the temple of Peace and the temple
835:
Vespasian used his time in North Africa wisely. Usually, governorships were seen by ex-consuls as opportunities to extort huge amounts of money to regain the wealth they had spent on their previous political campaigns. Corruption was so rife that it was almost expected that a governor would come back
1946:
was put to death after he repeatedly affronted the
Emperor with studied insults which Vespasian initially tried to ignore. The philosopher Demetrius was banished to an island and when Vespasian heard that Demetrius was still criticizing him, he sent the exiled philosopher the message: "You are doing
1663:
years from 1 July 69. Vespasian immediately embarked on a series of efforts to stay in power and prevent future revolts. He offered gifts to many in the military and much of the public. Soldiers loyal to
Vitellius were dismissed or punished. Vespasian also restructured the Senatorial and Equestrian
1873:
Taken on a sudden with such an attack of diarrhoea that he all but swooned, he said: "An emperor ought to die standing," and while he was struggling to get on his feet, he died in the arms of those who tried to help him, on the ninth day before the
Kalends of July , at the age of sixty-nine years,
1950:
According to
Suetonius, Vespasian "bore the frank language of his friends, the quips of pleaders, and the impudence of the philosophers with the greatest patience". He was also noted for his benefactions to the people. Much money was spent on public works and the restoration and beautification of
1583:
to be hunted down, causing the Jews to be persecuted from province to province. Several modern historians have suggested that
Vespasian, already having been told by Josephus that he was prophesied to become emperor whilst in Judaea, was probably reacting to other widely known Messianic prophecies
436:
Little information survives about the government during
Vespasian's ten-year rule. He reformed the financial system of the Roman Empire after the campaign against Judaea ended successfully, and initiated several ambitious construction projects, including the building of the Flavian Amphitheatre,
1548:
blamed him for even laying a tax upon urine, he applied to his nose a piece of the money he received in the first instalment, and asked him if it stunk. And he replying no, 'And yet,' said he, 'it is derived from urine". Since then, this phrase "Money does not stink" has been used to whitewash
1916:
Vespasian was known for his wit and his amiable manner alongside his commanding personality and military prowess. He could be liberal to impoverished
Senators and equestrians and to cities and towns desolated by natural calamity. He was especially generous to men of letters and
924:, who would later write his people's history in Greek. Ultimately, thousands of Jews were killed and the Romans destroyed many towns in re-establishing control over Judea; they also took Jerusalem in 70. Vespasian is remembered by Josephus (writing as a Roman citizen), in his
976:
agreed that the prophecy discussed
Vespasian (as well as Titus), but that "the common people, with the usual blindness of ambition, had interpreted these mighty destinies of themselves, and could not be brought even by disasters to believe the truth."
1164:
was a notable ally. Governor of Syria and commander of three legions, Mucianus also held political connections to many of the most powerful Roman military commanders from
Illyricum to Britannia by virtue of his service to the famous Neronian general
1708:. Construction projects bore inscriptions praising Vespasian and condemning previous emperors. A temple of peace was constructed in the forum as well. Vespasian approved histories written under his reign, ensuring biases against him were removed.
1535:
in the 1st century AD. However, the tax was removed after a while; it was re-enacted by Vespasian around AD 70 in order to fill the treasury. Vespasian's policy was not well received by his son. Writing about Vespasian in their history books,
1243:, on receiving the tidings of his rival's defeat and death, the new emperor at once forwarded supplies of urgently-needed grain to Rome, along with an edict assuring he would reverse the laws of Nero, especially those relating to
1824:. Britain had revolted during the year of civil war, and Bolanus was a mild governor. Agricola reimposed discipline on the legion and helped to consolidate Roman rule. In 71, Bolanus was replaced by a more aggressive governor,
1743:, a pro-Republic philosopher, was executed for his teachings. Numerous other philosophers and writers had their works seized, destroyed and denounced for being deemed too critical of Vespasian's reign, some even posthumously.
1320:
As Pharaonic precedent demanded, Vespasian demonstrated his divine election by the traditional methods of spitting on and trampling a blind and crippled man, miraculously healing him, according to Egyptian religious elites.
1159:
Although Vespasian and Titus resolved to challenge for the Principate in February 69, they made no move until later in the year. Throughout the early months of 69, Vespasian convened frequently with the Eastern generals.
2164:
1506:. Mucianus started off Vespasian's rule with tax reform that was to restore the empire's finances. After Vespasian arrived in Rome in mid-70, Mucianus continued to press Vespasian to collect as many taxes as possible.
4613:
433:. Primus and Mucianus led the Flavian forces against Vitellius, while Vespasian took control of Egypt. On 20 December 69, Vitellius was defeated, and the following day Vespasian was declared emperor by the Senate.
1723:
speak suspiciously well of Vespasian while condemning the emperors who came before him. Tacitus admits that his status was elevated by Vespasian, Josephus identifies Vespasian as a patron and saviour. Meanwhile,
2069:. Vespasian on the other hand, seemed far less likely to be successful, initially not wishing to pursue high public office. He followed in his brother's footsteps when driven to it by his mother's taunting.
1664:
orders, removing his enemies and adding his allies. Regional autonomy of Greek provinces was repealed. Additionally, Vespasian made significant attempts to control public perception of his rule.
5066:
600:, there is no record of Vespasian engaging in any significant political activity. After completion of a term in the vigintivirate, Vespasian was entitled to stand for election as
2141:
4068:
4839:
1144:. Otho's supporters, looking for another candidate to support, settled on Vespasian. According to Suetonius, a prophecy ubiquitous in the Eastern provinces claimed that from
10125:
4605:
2216:
877:, struck in 71 to celebrate the victory in the first Jewish-Roman war. Obverse: IMP. CAES. VESPASIAN AVG. P. M., TR. P., P. P., COS. III. The legend on the reverse says:
4129:
1509:
Vespasian and Mucianus renewed old taxes and instituted new ones, increased the tribute of the provinces, and kept a watchful eye upon the treasury officials. The Latin
505:, under the guidance of his paternal grandmother, so much so that even when he became emperor, he often returned to the places of his childhood, having left the former
3491:). However, he also states that he died "at the age of sixty-nine years, seven months and seven day", i.e. he died on 24 June, although it's possible that he's using
2126:). His wife Domitilla and his daughter Domitilla both died before Vespasian became Emperor in 69. After the death of his wife, Vespasian's long-standing mistress,
721:
with the probable objectives of securing the south coast ports and harbours along with the tin mines of Cornwall and the silver and lead mines of Somerset.
10065:
3970:
1859:
With the feeling of death overwhelming him on his deathbed, he incited: "Vae, puto deus fio." ("Dear me, I think I'm becoming a god"). Then, according to
851:'s retinue, but lost Imperial favor after paying insufficient attention (some sources suggest he fell asleep) during one of the Emperor's recitals on the
9979:
2184:
2096:
10766:
4510:
10761:
3009:
348:, which ruled the Empire for 27 years. His fiscal reforms and consolidation of the empire brought political stability and a vast building program.
1115:
581:, the minor magistracies, most probably in one of the posts in charge of street cleaning. His early performance was so unsuccessful that Emperor
1696:". Many modern historians note the increased amount of propaganda that appeared during Vespasian's reign. A component of the propaganda was the
4098:
604:; a senatorial office. But his lack of political or family influence meant that Vespasian served as quaestor in one of the provincial posts in
2200:
1647:, declared himself Emperor of Gaul. The rebellion defeated and absorbed two Roman legions before it was suppressed by Vespasian's son-in-law,
10726:
2266:
812:, who was the most powerful and influential figure in her husband's reign. He came out of retirement in 63 when he was sent as governor to
4674:
2550:
2021:
774:). During this time he injured himself and had not fully recovered until he went to Egypt. These successes earned him triumphal regalia (
471:
246:
4679:
3777:
1794:
claims that Vespasian was met with "constant conspiracies" against him. Only one conspiracy is known specifically, though. In 78 or 79,
4042:
10771:
9994:
9989:
4064:
1467:
568:
48:
4012:
964:
At the conclusion of the Jewish war, Josephus discussed a prophecy from sacred scripture that about the time when Jerusalem and the
10323:
10058:
5136:
1966:
during his reign, reducing the silver purity from 93.5% to 90%. The silver weight dropped from 2.97 grams to 2.87 grams.
1148:
would come the future rulers of the world. Vespasian eventually believed that this prophecy applied to him, and found a number of
10683:
10512:
9969:
9964:
5661:
4578:
3503:) states that he "reigned ten years lacking six days", i.e. he died on 25/24 June. Both authors date Titus' ascension on 24 June.
788:
9974:
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circulating at the time, to suppress any rival claimants arising from that dynasty. Titus attended the consecration of a new
6488:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
4480:
9984:
9959:
5668:
5078:
2589:
2060:
513:
4904:
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9949:
7729:
7517:
6291:
4707:
1942:, that provoked Vespasian into reviving the obsolete penal laws against this profession as a precautionary measure. Only
1556:
In early 70 Vespasian was still in Egypt, the source of Rome's grain supply, and had not yet left for Rome. According to
1108:
3910:
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10751:
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8415:
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6517:
3175:
549:
3539:
3159:
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2259:
1563:
In addition to the uprising in Egypt, unrest and civil war continued in the rest of the empire in 70. Judea had been
1498:; the Egyptians had declared him emperor in the summer. In the short-term, administration of the empire was given to
1232:
forced him to retain his seat. After furious fighting, Antonius' army entered Rome. In the resulting confusion, the
10786:
10004:
454:
1981:
in French), probably in reference to a tax he placed on urine collection (useful due to its ammoniac content; see
1317:(Zeus-Ammon), in the style of the ancient pharaohs, and an incarnation of Serapis in the manner of the Ptolemies.
10736:
10473:
9191:
6257:
6240:
6067:
6055:
4743:
3631:
1255:. Later, he was confronted by two labourers, who were convinced that he possessed a divine power that could work
3978:
1492:
Vespasian was declared emperor by the Senate while he was in Egypt on 21 December 69 through the passage of the
10538:
9241:
8968:
8824:
6228:
6020:
5982:
5942:
5909:
4747:
4735:
3168:
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1101:
1711:
Vespasian also gave financial rewards to writers. The ancient historians who lived through the period such as
10358:
9537:
9327:
9259:
9124:
8991:
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8714:
6832:
6443:
6269:
6096:
6062:
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5915:
1460:
3530:. Edited and had non-fictional passages written by Michael Ashley, Introduction by Steven Saylor. New York:
9109:
9046:
8329:
6084:
5129:
3531:
2252:
1739:
philosophers were accused of corrupting students with inappropriate teachings and were expelled from Rome.
1272:, who had been governor since Nero's reign. He proclaimed Vespasian emperor at Alexandria on 1 July 69 AD.
905:
cohorts, were therefore dispatched under the command of Vespasian while his elder son, Titus, arrived from
902:
4729:
4725:
4717:
3792:
3500:
828:
4), he was "upright and, highly honourable". On one occasion, Suetonius writes, Vespasian was pelted with
390:
committed suicide and plunged Rome into a year of civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors. After
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10100:
9470:
8579:
8491:
7976:
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7744:
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5310:
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674:
17:
1938:
Vespasian distrusted philosophers in general. It was the talk of philosophers, who liked to glorify the
10756:
10258:
10232:
10074:
9299:
8632:
8369:
8196:
8128:
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6247:
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5807:
5149:
4698:
3563:
2175:
2155:
1931:
1825:
1648:
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1439:
1192:
864:
545:
383:
376:
3644:
His tribunician power was reckoned from July 1, 69, the day when he was proclaimed emperor by the army
968:
would be taken, a man from their own nation would become "governor of the habitable earth", as in the
10618:
10184:
9820:
7591:
6382:
6350:
6175:
5355:
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2059:
Sabinus and Vespasia had three children, the eldest of whom, a girl, died in infancy. The elder boy,
1697:
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1428:
1405:
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682:
540:
368:
341:
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7298:
6392:
6345:
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5539:
4987:
1812:
1621:
1453:
1410:
618:
1290:'key to the grain supply') to Rome helped Vespasian assert control over the whole empire.
869:
359:
rank, the first of his family to do so. Vespasian's renown came from his military success; he was
10801:
10625:
10573:
10284:
10207:
10169:
9505:
9420:
9397:
7714:
7576:
7513:
7302:
7102:
6918:
6200:
6180:
5954:
5834:
5122:
3016:
2104:
1787:
1485:
1166:
1000:
926:
882:
410:
372:
2130:, became his wife in all but formal status, a relationship that continued until she died in 75.
961:. Indeed, the captives bobbed up to the surface after being thrown in the water from the boats.
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1205:
1145:
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898:
890:
553:
442:
418:
54:
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10085:
10019:
9495:
9460:
9440:
9430:
9392:
7992:
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6399:
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6286:
6123:
6111:
5882:
5507:
4165:
2976:
2116:
2029:
1952:
1799:
1751:
1609:
809:
776:
755:
196:
3760:
10711:
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10014:
9520:
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8848:
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6335:
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2049:
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1636:
1306:
1128:
After the death of Nero in 68, Rome saw a succession of short-lived emperors and a year of
878:
725:
483:
1778:, and he dedicated a stage of the theatre of Marcellus. He also began construction of the
1228:
and advanced on Rome. Vitellius hastily arranged a peace with Antonius, but the Emperor's
8:
10639:
10381:
10253:
10237:
10222:
10189:
9510:
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9450:
9387:
8762:
8737:
7941:
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2013:
2005:
1302:
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1221:
147:
4000:
3909:(1998). "Egypt under Roman rule: the legacy of ancient Egypt". In Petry, Carl F. (ed.).
3857:(1998). "Egypt under Roman rule: the legacy of ancient Egypt". In Petry, Carl F. (ed.).
1904:
1480:
10716:
10706:
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10448:
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9787:
9364:
8374:
7946:
7921:
6988:
6763:
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6234:
6223:
6185:
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6033:
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5405:
5374:
5367:
3822:
3623:
3615:
3557:
3492:
3395:
2230:
1955:(also known as the Forum of Vespasian), new public baths and the great show piece, the
1865:
1828:, and Agricola was able to display his talents as a commander in campaigns against the
1632:
1605:
1264:
969:
605:
575:
for about three years. On his return to Rome in about 30 AD, he obtained a post in the
479:
352:
4582:
1592:
in 70, and Vespasian's reign saw imperial patronage given to Egyptian temples: at the
1297:) since Augustus to appear in Egypt. At the hippodrome of Alexandria he was hailed as
406:
and Judaea reacted by declaring Vespasian, their commander, the emperor on 1 July 69.
10507:
10430:
10371:
10366:
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9834:
9728:
9695:
9407:
8742:
8364:
8244:
7866:
7794:
7452:
7255:
7245:
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6503:
6330:
6276:
6117:
6015:
5990:
5839:
5701:
5437:
5422:
5300:
5268:
4847:
4824:
4803:
4771:
4549:
4299:
3924:
3872:
3627:
3607:
3545:
3535:
2994:
2421:
2147:
2088:
1970:
1943:
1921:, several of whom he pensioned with salaries of as much as 1,000 gold pieces a year.
1852:, where he spent every summer; however, his illness worsened and he developed severe
1740:
1571:, finally subdued the rebellion with the capture of Jerusalem and destruction of the
1252:
1183:. But the feeling in Vespasian's favour quickly gathered strength, and the armies of
938:
796:
sends Vespasian with an army to put down the Jewish revolt, AD 66 (depiction of 1503)
175:
1688:
We know from Suetonius that the "unexpected and still quite new emperor was lacking
901:, when he tried to restore order. Two legions, with eight cavalry squadrons and ten
10650:
10583:
10425:
10386:
10376:
10348:
10105:
10034:
9861:
9689:
9455:
9209:
8792:
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7350:
7330:
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6437:
6340:
6313:
6298:
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6140:
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5762:
5625:
5580:
5575:
5447:
4866:
4761:
3916:
3906:
3864:
3854:
3599:
3405:
3023:
1759:
1613:
1514:
1229:
931:
913:
805:
767:
697:, he was sent to reduce the south west, penetrating through the modern counties of
660:
364:
270:
31:
3920:
3868:
1802:
attempted to kill Vespasian. Why these men turned against Vespasian is not known.
10811:
10645:
10631:
10598:
10495:
10485:
10417:
10407:
10289:
10217:
10212:
9806:
9776:
9735:
9671:
9415:
9345:
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8554:
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7931:
7325:
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6770:
6101:
6091:
6000:
5787:
5695:
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5529:
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1926:
1725:
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1233:
1087:
921:
813:
621:
and the less well-connected had to serve in at least one intermediary post as an
470:
was relatively undistinguished and lacking in pedigree. Vespasian was the son of
345:
236:
7512:
4892:
1935:, was written during Vespasian's reign, and dedicated to Vespasian's son Titus.
10655:
10604:
10318:
10227:
10179:
9902:
9700:
9661:
9379:
9335:
9204:
8288:
8214:
8044:
7916:
7876:
7624:
7476:
7441:
7431:
7365:
7320:
7202:
7197:
6777:
6756:
6722:
5995:
5959:
5904:
5797:
5720:
5618:
5612:
5544:
5524:
5278:
5238:
2557:
2207:
2065:
2045:
1982:
1939:
1925:
is said to have been the first public teacher who enjoyed this imperial favor.
1845:
1640:
1589:
894:
686:
632:
576:
518:
475:
458:
332:
324:
256:
124:
3475:
LXVI.18: "For he lived after this only two years, two months and twenty days".
804:
in 51, after which he retired from public life, having incurred the enmity of
10700:
10588:
10533:
10528:
9581:
9480:
9312:
9282:
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8813:
8670:
8539:
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7901:
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5969:
5777:
5585:
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4910:
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4670:
4665:
4606:"Plus de 3 M$ pour une douzaine de " vespasiennes " modernes"
3611:
2025:
1783:
1644:
1572:
1298:
972:. Josephus interpreted the prophecy as denoting the government of Vespasian.
965:
763:
636:
337:
62:
4315:
Jones, William "Some Thoughts on the Propaganda of Vespasian and Domitian",
3549:
889:
In 66 AD, Vespasian was appointed to suppress the Jewish revolt underway in
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was destroyed by fire and Vespasian's brother Sabinus was killed by a mob.
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on 21 June 68, Vespasian took a group of Jews who could not swim (possibly
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3431:, 2. "Vespasian was born on the evening of the fifteenth day before the
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While under the emperor's patronage, Josephus wrote that after the Roman
571:, one military and the other public. Vespasian served in the military in
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1518:("Money does not stink") may have been created when he had introduced a
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3915:. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–33.
3863:. Vol. 1 (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–33.
3463:
11: " two years two months and twenty days after succeeding Vespasian".
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everything to force me to kill you, but I do not slay a barking dog."
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and servants around the Emperor, may have contributed to his success.
474:, a Roman moneylender, debt collector, and tax collector. His mother,
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4065:"At Least You Don't Pay Urine Tax… (1st C AD) – Ancient History Blog"
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to correct the uncleaned Roman streets, formally his responsibility.
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Early in his life he was somewhat overshadowed by his older brother,
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was removed from coins so as not to remind the public of rebellious
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The prefect was himself of Hellenized Jewish descent and related to
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Aqueduct and roads dedication speak of previous emperors' neglect,
4296:
Christian Origins and the Establishment of the Early Jesus Movement
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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in 48 BC. Subsequently, he became a debt collector. Petro's son,
2008:, became the first to distinguish himself, rising to the rank of
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893:. The fighting there had killed the previous governor and routed
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to the Deified Claudius. In 75, he erected a colossal statue of
930:, as a fair and humane official, in contrast with the notorious
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5228:
4035:"Dion Cassius: Histoire Romaine : livre LXVIII (bilingue)"
2127:
2017:
1918:
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1705:
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950:
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771:
766:), finally setting up a fortress and legionary headquarters at
759:
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153:
1908:
Construction of the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known as the
1680:
depicting Vespasian as Emperor. The reverse shows the goddess
1579:, Vespasian then ordered all descendants of the royal line of
315:
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4435:
Alföldy, Géza (1995). "Eine Bauinschrift Aus Dem Colosseum".
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Those who spoke against Vespasian were punished. A number of
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820:(ii.97), his rule was "infamous and odious" but according to
714:
689:. After participating in crucial early battles on the rivers
502:
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391:
191:
90:
4909:; A. Simmons; Vespasian is depicted on the back side of the
685:, and he distinguished himself under the overall command of
409:
In his bid for imperial power, Vespasian joined forces with
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4683:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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999:(69). Blue areas indicate provinces loyal to Vespasian and
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3823:"The Internet Classics Archive | The Histories by Tacitus"
1840:
In his ninth consulship Vespasian had a slight illness in
1216:. They defeated Vitellius' army (which had awaited him in
7824:
4481:"C. Suetonius Tranquillus, Divus Vespasianus, chapter 24"
1888:
He died on June 23, 79 AD, and was succeeded by his sons
1175:, the occupant of the throne, had the veteran legions of
9045:
1684:. Caption: IMP. CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG. / FORTVNA AVGVST
1654:
1313:, Vespasian was proclaimed the son of the creator-deity
482:
order in society, with her father rising to the rank of
4604:
ICI.Radio-Canada.ca, Zone Politique - (11 April 2017).
3737:
3735:
1912:, was begun by Vespasian and finished by his son Titus.
1279:. The importance of the Egyptian grain harvest (Latin:
567:, Vespasian needed two periods of service in the minor
639:(the Emperor's grandmother) and part of the circle of
2040:. He earned a reputation as a scrupulous and honest "
608:, rather than as assistant to important men in Rome.
309:
279:
4521:
Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Vespasian 15
4371:"Otho, Vitellius, and the Propaganda of Vespasian",
3971:"Feeling Overtaxed? The Romans Would Tax Your Urine"
3732:
1820:, who had stirred up a mutiny against the governor,
1659:
In mid-70, Vespasian first went to Rome, dating his
355:
family and only rose later in his lifetime into the
285:
273:
4603:
3817:
3815:
3813:
800:His success as the legate of a legion earned him a
611:Next he needed to gain a praetorship, carrying the
282:
4163:Sullivan, Phillip, "A Note on Flavian Accession",
3729:A History of Britain, Richard Dargie (2007), p. 20
1204:While Vespasian himself was in Egypt securing its
847:Returning from Africa, Vespasian toured Greece in
462:) was born in a village north-east of Rome called
980:
934:whom Josephus goes to great lengths to demonize.
855:, and found himself in the political wilderness.
402:became emperor in April 69. The Roman legions of
10698:
3810:
3506:
1746:
530:
340:from 69 to 79. The last emperor to reign in the
30:For others with the given name or surname, see
1762:, from an altar of the Temple of Vespasian in
516:, who had entered public life and pursued the
10059:
6511:
5130:
4548:. University of Michigan Press. p. 329.
4294:Porter, Stanley E.; Pitts, Andrew W. (2018).
4231:
4229:
4227:
4119:
3949:
3947:
2260:
1810:Agricola was appointed to the command of the
1805:
1461:
1329:
1109:
523:holding an important military command in the
10521:
4798:. London: Oxford University Press. pp.
4195:p. 31; 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, "Jews".
1973:, urinals are named after him (for example,
1844:and, returning at once to Rome, he left for
4895:in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
1988:
1285:
1247:. While in Egypt, he visited the Temple of
1212:from the northeast under the leadership of
459:[ˈt̪ɪt̪ʊsˈfɫaːwijʊswɛs.pasiˈjaːnʊs]
453:Vespasian (born Titus Flavius Vespasianus,
10073:
10066:
10052:
6518:
6504:
5137:
5123:
4437:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
4224:
4193:Jesus & the Rise of Early Christianity
3944:
2267:
2253:
1993:
1643:. Sabinus, claiming he was descended from
1525:Before Vespasian, this tax was imposed by
1468:
1454:
1116:
1102:
953:), fettered them, and threw them into the
670:, thanks to the influence of the Imperial
655:as emperor in 41, Vespasian was appointed
47:
4786:Power and Folly: The Story of the Caesars
3716:
3714:
3712:
2190:Restored original portrait of Vespasian.
912:During this time he became the patron of
783:
544:Vespasian leading his forces against the
9928:
4860:
4844:Oxford Dictionary of the Classical World
4669:
2072:
2048:, whose father had risen to the rank of
1903:
1750:
1671:
1479:
1195:soon declared for him, and made him the
990:
868:
787:
646:
539:
351:Vespasian was the first emperor from an
10762:People of the Year of the Four Emperors
10513:History of the Jews in the Roman Empire
4840:"Vespasian (Titus Flāvius Vespāsiānus)"
4837:
4767:The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy
4434:
4417:
4415:
2206:Replica of a modern bust of Vespasian,
1627:In January 70, an uprising occurred in
596:During the period of the ascendancy of
493:He was educated in the countryside, in
14:
10699:
9075:
8440:
7542:
6568:
4816:
4795:69 A. D. The Year of the Four Emperors
4791:
4616:from the original on 29 September 2017
4091:"ItalianNotebook – Vespasian's Legacy"
3905:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3853:
3709:
2241:
2063:, entered public life and pursued the
1667:
941:, accompanied by Vespasian, destroyed
10047:
9927:
9044:
8409:
7511:
6537:
6499:
5118:
4732:, Latin text with English translation
4714:, Latin text with English translation
4543:
4290:
4288:
4015:from the original on 30 December 2018
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2235:Naples National Archaeological Museum
1782:, using funds from the spoils of the
1655:Arrival in Rome and gathering support
1293:Vespasian was the first emperor (and
457:
386:during the Jewish rebellion, emperor
336:; 17 November AD 9 – 23 June 79) was
331:
222:Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus
10767:People of the First Jewish–Roman War
10727:Jews and Judaism in the Roman Empire
10679:
9580:
5042:Lucius Valerius Catullus Messallinus
5030:Lucius Valerius Catullus Messallinus
4754:
4546:Bathing in public in the Roman world
4412:
3654:
3652:
3588:"On Suetonius' Life of Vespasian 12"
3527:The Mammoth Book of Roman Whodunnits
2275:FLAVIAN DYNASTY detailed family tree
2044:". Sabinus married up in status, to
1816:, stationed in Britain, in place of
1620:. By contrast, the Jewish temple at
1502:, who was aided by Vespasian's son,
5076:Decimus Iunius Novius Priscus Rufus
5064:Decimus Iunius Novius Priscus Rufus
4906:The Cipherment of the Franks Casket
4865:(MA). The University of Melbourne.
4122:"The Romans created a tax on urine"
3892:
1201:master of half of the Roman world.
995:Map of the Roman Empire during the
858:
762:). He also invaded Vectis (now the
429:to command the besieging forces at
24:
4878:
4760:
4692:
4579:"Roman Currency of the Principate"
4285:
4045:from the original on 26 March 2013
3960:
3840:
3674:
3512:
1484:Triumph of Titus and Vespasian by
1324:
1251:where he reportedly experienced a
920:resistance leader captured at the
25:
10823:
4916:
4544:Fagan, Garrett G. (31 May 2002).
4101:from the original on 6 March 2019
4071:from the original on 6 March 2019
3649:
3443:, five years before the death of
3435:of December, in the consulate of
1631:and Germany, known as the second
10772:Ancient Roman military personnel
10678:
10669:
10668:
10124:
4657:
4278:M. P. Charleswroth, "Flaviana",
4132:from the original on 1 July 2018
4126:HeritageDaily – Archaeology News
3634:from the original on 22 May 2021
2215:
2199:
2183:
2170:Portrait bust of Vespasian from
2163:
2140:
437:better known today as the Roman
269:
4863:The Career of Licinius Mucianus
4641:
4628:
4597:
4571:
4562:
4537:
4524:
4515:
4500:
4473:
4460:
4447:
4428:
4399:
4378:
4365:
4352:
4339:
4322:
4309:
4272:
4259:
4242:
4211:
4198:
4185:
4172:
4157:
4144:
4113:
4083:
4057:
4027:
4005:, by C. Suetonius Tranquillus;"
4003:The Lives of the Twelve Caesars
3993:
3977:. 14 April 2016. Archived from
3805:The Career of Licinius Mucianus
3797:
3782:
3765:
3748:
3723:
3696:
3661:
1635:. This rebellion was headed by
585:reportedly stuffed handfuls of
535:
5067:Lucius Ceionius Commodus Verus
4788:". Jonathan Cape Ltd., London.
4770:. Cambridge University Press.
3579:
3570:
3518:
3478:
3466:
3450:
3418:
2083:During this period he married
1136:was murdered by supporters of
981:Year of the Four Emperors (69)
840:trade and gained the nickname
677:. In 43, Vespasian and the II
398:perished in quick succession,
27:Roman emperor from AD 69 to 79
13:
1:
10474:Emergence of Rabbinic Judaism
9538:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
3921:10.1017/chol9780521471374.002
3869:10.1017/chol9780521471374.002
3532:Carroll & Graf Publishers
3411:
2223:
2120:
2095:and formerly the mistress of
1747:Construction and conspiracies
1549:dubious or illegal origin of
1156:that reinforced this belief.
531:Military and political career
448:
161:
6525:
4901:of coins minted by Vespasian
4390:The Life of Flavius Josephus
4120:HeritageDaily (4 May 2016).
2028:official in the province of
1874:seven months and seven days.
957:to test the sea's legendary
740:tribes, and captured twenty
635:, confidential secretary to
7:
10594:First Jewish Revolt coinage
10101:Siege of Jerusalem (63 BCE)
9471:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
4846:. Oxford University Press.
4710:The Lives of Twelve Caesars
4237:The Lives of Twelve Caesars
3437:Quintus Sulpicius Camerinus
3389:
2115:(born 51), and a daughter,
2052:and whose brother became a
2036:on a small scale among the
1881:Lives of the Twelve Caesars
1732:to Vespasian's son, Titus.
1301:; recalling the welcome of
486:and her brother becoming a
181:
10:
10828:
10722:1st-century Roman emperors
8370:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
7754:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
7518:Second Intermediate Period
6410:Constantine XI Palaiologos
6361:Andronikos III Palaiologos
6248:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
4687:
2176:Palazzo Massimo alle Terme
2133:
2099:, a Roman equestrian from
2076:
2004:His paternal grandfather,
1997:
1826:Quintus Petillius Cerialis
1806:Roman expansion in Britain
1649:Quintus Petillius Cerialis
1330:Aftermath of the civil war
984:
862:
556:version of the history of
29:
10797:Roman governors of Africa
10752:1st-century Roman consuls
10732:Ancient Romans in Britain
10664:
10619:Siege of Jerusalem (poem)
10566:
10466:
10439:
10416:
10400:
10357:
10309:
10302:
10267:
10247:Judea coast and highlands
10246:
10198:
10162:
10141:
10133:
10122:
10093:
10081:
10032:
9934:
9923:
9821:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
9565:
9511:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
9406:
9378:
9363:
9326:
9298:
9258:
9240:
9190:
9123:
9108:
9066:
9062:
9040:
8990:
8967:
8900:
8823:
8761:
8713:
8698:
8631:
8578:
8490:
8475:
8431:
8427:
8416:Third Intermediate Period
8405:
8328:
8287:
8195:
8127:
7975:
7743:
7728:
7664:
7638:
7590:
7575:
7533:
7529:
7507:
7462:
7422:
7297:
7282:
7216:
7158:
7101:
7042:
7027:
6917:
6846:
6831:
6732:
6616:
6601:
6559:
6555:
6544:First Intermediate Period
6533:
6486:
6418:
6383:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
6351:Andronikos II Palaiologos
6176:Constantine IX Monomachos
5864:
5761:
5644:
5471:
5309:
5157:
5099:
5083:
5073:
5061:
5045:
5035:
5023:
4992:
4982:
4972:
4963:
4955:
4950:
4923:
4838:Roberts, J., ed. (2007).
4298:. Leiden: Brill. p. 303.
3803:Caldwell, Thomas (2015).
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3273:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3172:
3165:
3152:
3150:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3102:
3100:
3090:
3088:
3076:
3074:
3066:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3048:
3027:
3013:
3002:
3000:
2991:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2914:
2912:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2882:
2880:
2872:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2836:
2834:
2814:
2812:
2766:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2706:
2704:
2680:
2678:
2664:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2622:
2608:
2554:
2539:
2537:
2527:
2525:
2509:
2507:
2481:
2477:
2459:
2457:
2439:
2437:
2386:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2150:of Vespasian wearing the
2109:Titus Flavius Vespasianus
1899:
1883:, "Life of Vespasian" §24
1495:Lex de imperio Vespasiani
1270:Tiberius Julius Alexander
1016:Year of the Four Emperors
997:Year of the Four Emperors
987:Year of the Four Emperors
780:) on his return to Rome.
746:(towns, or more probably
683:Roman invasion of Britain
369:Roman invasion of Britain
342:Year of the Four Emperors
252:
242:
230:
221:
214:
210:
174:
140:
130:
118:
104:Titus Flavius Vespasianus
100:
96:
86:
76:
68:
61:
46:
41:
10303:Belligerents and leaders
10116:Jacob and Simon uprising
9533:Cleopatra VII Philopator
7790:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
6548: (<3150–2040 BC)
6346:Michael VIII Palaiologos
5079:Lucius Ceionius Commodus
4988:Gnaeus Caecilius Simplex
4886:De Imperatoribus Romanis
4817:Levick, Barbara (1999).
4280:Journal of Roman Studies
3975:National Geographic News
2113:Titus Flavius Domitianus
1989:Family and personal life
1835:
1813:Legio XX Valeria Victrix
1411:Category:Flavian dynasty
1337:Roman imperial dynasties
1010:Roman imperial dynasties
732:) to subdue the hostile
509:exactly as it had been.
10787:Imperial Roman praetors
9506:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
9421:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
7715:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
6201:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
5835:Tiberius II Constantine
4680:Encyclopædia Britannica
4095:www.italiannotebook.com
3586:Scott, Kenneth (1932).
3017:Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
1994:Ancestors and relatives
1848:and the country around
1224:(or Betriacum), sacked
1167:Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo
1162:Gaius Licinius Mucianus
1001:Gaius Licinius Mucianus
927:Antiquities of the Jews
724:Vespasian marched from
478:, also belonged to the
333:[wɛspasiˈaːnʊs]
160:after his wife's death
10737:Deified Roman emperors
10539:Arch at Circus Maximus
10359:Provisional government
10111:Alexandrian riots (38)
10075:First Jewish–Roman War
9548:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
9527:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
9521:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
9476:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
9446:Arsinoe III Philopator
8360:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
7830:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
7770:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
7361:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
6356:Michael IX Palaiologos
4985:Gaius Quintius Atticus
4252:. 8; Philostratus II,
3912:Islamic Egypt 640–1517
3860:Islamic Egypt 640–1517
3693:Morgan (2006), 170–173
3562:: CS1 maint: others (
3441:Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus
3401:List of Roman emperors
1962:Vespasian debased the
1913:
1886:
1822:Marcus Vettius Bolanus
1818:Marcus Roscius Coelius
1766:
1685:
1489:
1440:Nerva–Antonine dynasty
1280:
1214:Marcus Antonius Primus
1140:, who was defeated by
1079:Julio-Claudian dynasty
1004:
886:
865:First Jewish–Roman War
797:
784:Later political career
651:Upon the accession of
560:
554:illuminated manuscript
441:. Through his general
328:
72:1 July 69 – 23 June 79
55:Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek
10612:Legend of Destruction
10554:Temple of Peace, Rome
10106:Judas uprising (6 CE)
9496:Ptolemy X Alexander I
9461:Ptolemy VI Philometor
9441:Ptolemy IV Philopator
9436:Berenice II Euergetes
9431:Ptolemy III Euergetes
9393:Philip III Arrhidaeus
7902:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
7897:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
7251:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
6450:Thessalonian emperors
6444:Trapezuntine emperors
6405:John VIII Palaiologos
6400:Manuel II Palaiologos
6371:John VI Kantakouzenos
6287:Andronikos I Komnenos
6124:Constantine Lekapenos
5152:and empresses regnant
4861:Caldwell, T. (2015).
4823:. Oxford: Routledge.
4792:Morgan, Gwyn (2006).
4784:Lissner, I. (1958). "
4750:, English translation
4704:, English translation
4392:72; Pliny the Elder,
4373:The Classical Journal
4317:The Classical Journal
4239:, Life of Vespasian 9
4166:The Classical Journal
3534:. 2003. p. 198.
3169:Titus Flavius Clemens
3160:Titus Flavius Sabinus
2977:Domitilla the Younger
2970:Titus Flavius Sabinus
2752:Titus Flavius Sabinus
2551:Titus Flavius Sabinus
2107:. They had two sons,
2073:Marriage and children
2061:Titus Flavius Sabinus
2022:Titus Flavius Sabinus
1907:
1871:
1832:in northern England.
1800:Aulus Caecina Alienus
1754:
1675:
1544:mentioned "When son
1483:
1208:, his troops entered
994:
872:
791:
777:ornamenta triumphalia
647:Invasion of Britannia
563:In preparation for a
543:
514:Titus Flavius Sabinus
497:, near what is today
472:Titus Flavius Sabinus
371:in 43 and subjugated
247:Titus Flavius Sabinus
197:Domitilla the Younger
10549:Judaea Capta coinage
10134:Military engagements
9929:Dynastic genealogies
9553:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
8849:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
8763:High Priests of Amun
8265:Merankhre Mentuhotep
7967:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
7962:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
7815:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
7522: (2040–1550 BC)
7241:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
6388:John VII Palaiologos
6336:Theodore II Laskaris
6196:Constantine X Doukas
6136:Nikephoros II Phokas
4191:e.g., Paul Barnett,
1651:, by the end of 70.
1637:Gaius Julius Civilis
1575:in 70. According to
1307:Oracle of Zeus-Ammon
726:Noviomagus Reginorum
681:participated in the
156:(mistress and later
122:23 June 79 (aged 69)
10382:Eleazar ben Hanania
9451:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
9388:Alexander the Great
8420: (1550–664 BC)
7942:Mershepsesre Ini II
7937:Merkawre Sobekhotep
7331:Neferkare IV Khendu
6319:Theodore I Laskaris
6304:Alexios III Angelos
6282:Alexios II Komnenos
6206:Romanos IV Diogenes
6161:Romanos III Argyros
6107:Romanos I Lekapenos
4738:The War of the Jews
4712:, Life of Vespasian
4568:Gunderson 2003: 640
4375:(1965), pp. 267–269
4097:. 27 January 2014.
3592:Classical Philology
2770:Domitilla the Elder
2605:Agrippina the Elder
2383:Titus Flavius Petro
2242:Flavian family tree
2222:Bust of Vespasian,
2050:prefect of the camp
2006:Titus Flavius Petro
1698:theology of victory
1668:Propaganda campaign
1567:. Vespasian's son,
1522:on public toilets.
1303:Alexander the Great
1277:Philo of Alexandria
484:prefect of the camp
148:Domitilla the Elder
10479:Yohanan ben Zakkai
10449:Menahem ben Yehuda
9788:Trebonianus Gallus
8375:Senakhtenre Ahmose
7993:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
7947:Sewahenre Senebmiu
7922:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
7351:Neferkare V Tereru
7321:Neferkare III Neby
6989:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
6438:Britannic emperors
6432:Palmyrene emperors
6366:John V Palaiologos
6309:Alexios IV Angelos
6258:Constantine Doukas
6253:Alexios I Komnenos
6241:Constantine Doukas
6224:Michael VII Doukas
6186:Michael VI Bringas
5752:Romulus Augustulus
5375:Trebonianus Gallus
5368:Herennius Etruscus
5150:Byzantine emperors
4951:Political offices
4899:Private collection
4893:Entry on Vespasian
4736:Flavius Josephus,
4648:Buste de Vespasien
4585:on 1 November 2008
4254:Life of Apollonius
3807:(MA), pp. 118–149.
3771:Tacitus (c. 110),
3754:Josephus (c. 75),
3576:Levick, pp. 16–38.
3493:inclusive counting
3396:Stele of Vespasian
2231:Farnese Collection
2087:, the daughter of
1914:
1866:The Twelve Caesars
1788:Siege of Jerusalem
1767:
1686:
1633:Batavian Rebellion
1624:was sacked in 73.
1565:rebelling since 66
1529:under the name of
1490:
1265:praefectus Aegypti
1005:
897:, the governor of
887:
885:conquered" – S. C.
798:
561:
425:, leaving his son
413:, the governor of
384:besieged Jerusalem
10757:People from Lazio
10694:
10693:
10562:
10561:
10508:Bar Kokhba revolt
10462:
10461:
10454:Eleazar ben Ya'ir
10431:Eleazar ben Simon
10401:Peasantry faction
10372:Joseph ben Gurion
10367:Ananus ben Ananus
10298:
10297:
10142:Early engagements
10086:Jewish–Roman wars
10041:
10040:
10028:
10027:
9919:
9918:
9915:
9914:
9911:
9910:
9835:Claudius Gothicus
9729:Severus Alexander
9696:Septimius Severus
9561:
9560:
9359:
9358:
9104:
9103:
9036:
9035:
9032:
9031:
9028:
9027:
8743:Osorkon the Elder
8694:
8693:
8471:
8470:
8401:
8400:
8397:
8396:
8393:
8392:
8365:Nubkheperre Intef
8245:Sekhemre Shedwast
7867:Sehetepkare Intef
7795:Semenkare Nebnuni
7724:
7723:
7571:
7570:
7503:
7502:
7499:
7498:
7495:
7494:
7278:
7277:
7256:Netjerkare Siptah
7178:Neferirkare Kakai
7023:
7022:
6827:
6826:
6597:
6596:
6493:
6492:
6331:John III Vatatzes
6277:Manuel I Komnenos
6016:Michael I Rangabe
5860:
5859:
5702:Petronius Maximus
5301:Severus Alexander
5269:Septimius Severus
5113:
5112:
5100:Succeeded by
5062:Succeeded by
5024:Succeeded by
4973:Succeeded by
4938:17 November AD 9
4853:978-0-19-172706-1
4830:978-0-415-16618-8
4809:978-0-19-512468-2
4777:978-0-521-84026-2
4762:Cooley, Alison E.
4755:Secondary sources
4555:978-0-472-08865-2
4468:Life of Vespasian
4394:Natural Histories
4304:978-90-04-37274-0
4169:, 1953, pp. 67–70
4009:www.gutenberg.org
3930:978-1-139-05337-2
3907:Ritner, Robert K.
3878:978-1-139-05337-2
3855:Ritner, Robert K.
3387:
3386:
3378:
3377:
2995:Arrecina Tertulla
2422:Julia the Younger
2097:Statilius Capella
2089:Flavius Liberalis
1971:Romance languages
1944:Helvidius Priscus
1741:Helvidius Priscus
1730:Natural Histories
1478:
1477:
1445:
1444:
1431:the Four Emperors
1289:
1126:
1125:
1093:
1092:
939:Legio X Fretensis
344:, he founded the
262:
261:
226:
225:
16:(Redirected from
10819:
10682:
10681:
10672:
10671:
10651:Josephus problem
10584:Herodian Quarter
10519:
10518:
10426:John of Gischala
10387:Niger the Perean
10377:Joshua ben Gamla
10349:Herod Agrippa II
10307:
10306:
10268:Last strongholds
10200:Galilee campaign
10163:Gallus' campaign
10154:Alexandria riots
10139:
10138:
10128:
10068:
10061:
10054:
10045:
10044:
10035:List of pharaohs
9925:
9924:
9690:Pescennius Niger
9578:
9577:
9574:
9573:
9486:Ptolemy IX Soter
9456:Cleopatra I Syra
9376:
9375:
9372:
9371:
9121:
9120:
9117:
9116:
9073:
9072:
9064:
9063:
9057:
9056:
9042:
9041:
8793:Djedkhonsuefankh
8711:
8710:
8707:
8706:
8488:
8487:
8484:
8483:
8458:
8453:
8438:
8437:
8429:
8428:
8422:
8421:
8407:
8406:
8000:Qareh Khawoserre
7986:Yakbim Sekhaenre
7927:Mersekhemre Ined
7741:
7740:
7737:
7736:
7588:
7587:
7584:
7583:
7540:
7539:
7531:
7530:
7524:
7523:
7509:
7508:
7295:
7294:
7291:
7290:
7040:
7039:
7036:
7035:
6844:
6843:
6840:
6839:
6614:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6566:
6565:
6557:
6556:
6550:
6549:
6535:
6534:
6520:
6513:
6506:
6497:
6496:
6341:John IV Laskaris
6314:Alexios V Doukas
6299:Isaac II Angelos
6265:John II Komnenos
6191:Isaac I Komnenos
6151:Constantine VIII
6141:John I Tzimiskes
5868:Byzantine Empire
5642:
5641:
5139:
5132:
5125:
5116:
5115:
5074:Preceded by
5036:Preceded by
4983:Preceded by
4956:Preceded by
4946:
4939:
4921:
4920:
4874:
4857:
4834:
4813:
4781:
4684:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4581:. Archived from
4575:
4569:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4541:
4535:
4528:
4522:
4519:
4513:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4477:
4471:
4464:
4458:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4432:
4426:
4419:
4410:
4403:
4397:
4382:
4376:
4369:
4363:
4356:
4350:
4343:
4337:
4326:
4320:
4313:
4307:
4292:
4283:
4276:
4270:
4263:
4257:
4246:
4240:
4233:
4222:
4215:
4209:
4202:
4196:
4189:
4183:
4176:
4170:
4161:
4155:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
3997:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3967:
3958:
3951:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3903:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3851:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3827:classics.mit.edu
3819:
3808:
3801:
3795:
3786:
3780:
3769:
3763:
3752:
3746:
3739:
3730:
3727:
3721:
3718:
3707:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3672:
3665:
3659:
3656:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3639:
3583:
3577:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3561:
3553:
3522:
3516:
3510:
3504:
3489:VIIII. Kal. Iul.
3482:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3454:
3448:
3422:
3406:Pecunia non olet
3176:Flavia Domitilla
2394:Vespasius Pollio
2283:
2282:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2228:
2225:
2219:
2203:
2187:
2167:
2144:
2125:
2122:
2085:Flavia Domitilla
2012:and fighting at
1977:in Italian, and
1884:
1796:Eprius Marcellus
1760:animal sacrifice
1515:Pecunia non olet
1470:
1463:
1456:
1421:
1420:
1334:
1333:
1287:
1284:
1281:claustra annonae
1230:Praetorian Guard
1118:
1111:
1104:
1071:
1070:
1007:
1006:
932:Herod Agrippa II
914:Flavius Josephus
859:Jewish–Roman War
768:Isca Dumnoniorum
461:
382:While Vespasian
377:Jewish rebellion
365:Legio II Augusta
335:
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
311:
306:
305:
300:
299:
294:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
212:
211:
185:
166:
163:
150:(died before 69)
106:17 November 9 AD
51:
39:
38:
32:Vespasian (name)
21:
10827:
10826:
10822:
10821:
10820:
10818:
10817:
10816:
10777:Roman quaestors
10742:Flavian dynasty
10697:
10696:
10695:
10690:
10660:
10646:Flight to Pella
10626:The Dovekeepers
10599:Flavian dynasty
10558:
10517:
10496:Diaspora revolt
10486:Fiscus Judaicus
10458:
10435:
10412:
10408:Simon bar Giora
10396:
10353:
10339:Lucilius Bassus
10294:
10263:
10242:
10194:
10158:
10149:Jerusalem riots
10135:
10129:
10120:
10089:
10077:
10072:
10042:
10037:
10024:
9930:
9907:
9807:Macrianus Minor
9736:Maximinus Thrax
9672:Marcus Aurelius
9571:
9570:
9569:
9557:
9416:Ptolemy I Soter
9402:
9369:
9368:
9367:
9355:
9322:
9294:
9254:
9236:
9216:Psammetichus IV
9186:
9114:
9113:
9112:
9100:
9078:
9069:
9058:
9055:(664 BC–313 AD)
9054:
9053:
9024:
8986:
8963:
8959:Menkheperre Ini
8896:
8819:
8757:
8704:
8703:
8702:
8690:
8627:
8574:
8555:Neferneferuaten
8481:
8480:
8479:
8467:
8466:
8456:
8451:
8450:Pharaohs
8443:
8434:
8423:
8419:
8418:
8389:
8324:
8283:
8210:Sobekhotep VIII
8191:
8123:
7971:
7932:Sewadjkare Hori
7734:
7733:
7732:
7720:
7660:
7634:
7581:
7580:
7579:
7567:
7545:
7536:
7525:
7521:
7520:
7491:
7458:
7418:
7326:Djedkare Shemai
7288:
7287:
7286:
7274:
7212:
7154:
7097:
7033:
7032:
7031:
7019:
6913:
6837:
6836:
6835:
6823:
6728:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6593:
6571:
6562:
6551:
6547:
6546:
6529:
6524:
6494:
6489:
6482:
6426:Gallic emperors
6414:
6102:Constantine VII
5883:Constantine III
5870:
5867:
5856:
5765:
5757:
5696:Valentinian III
5684:Constantius III
5678:Priscus Attalus
5662:Constantine III
5648:
5640:
5530:Valerius Valens
5475:
5467:
5313:
5305:
5264:Didius Julianus
5244:Marcus Aurelius
5161:
5153:
5143:
5109:
5105:
5091:
5089:
5081:
5077:
5069:
5065:
5053:
5051:
5043:
5041:
5031:
5029:
5015:
5008:
5000:
4998:
4990:
4986:
4978:
4969:
4961:
4940:
4934:
4933:
4930:Flavian dynasty
4926:
4919:
4881:
4879:Further reading
4854:
4831:
4810:
4778:
4757:
4695:
4693:Primary sources
4690:
4673:, ed. (1911). "
4658:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4646:
4642:
4633:
4629:
4619:
4617:
4610:Radio-Canada.ca
4602:
4598:
4588:
4586:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4567:
4563:
4556:
4542:
4538:
4529:
4525:
4520:
4516:
4505:
4501:
4491:
4489:
4479:
4478:
4474:
4465:
4461:
4452:
4448:
4433:
4429:
4420:
4413:
4404:
4400:
4388:I.1; Josephus,
4383:
4379:
4370:
4366:
4357:
4353:
4344:
4340:
4327:
4323:
4314:
4310:
4293:
4286:
4282:27 (1938) 54–62
4277:
4273:
4264:
4260:
4247:
4243:
4234:
4225:
4216:
4212:
4203:
4199:
4190:
4186:
4177:
4173:
4162:
4158:
4149:
4145:
4135:
4133:
4118:
4114:
4104:
4102:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4074:
4072:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4048:
4046:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4018:
4016:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3981:on 6 March 2019
3969:
3968:
3961:
3952:
3945:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3904:
3893:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3852:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3821:
3820:
3811:
3802:
3798:
3787:
3783:
3770:
3766:
3757:War of the Jews
3753:
3749:
3740:
3733:
3728:
3724:
3719:
3710:
3701:
3697:
3692:
3675:
3666:
3662:
3658:Roberts (2007).
3657:
3650:
3637:
3635:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3555:
3554:
3542:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3511:
3507:
3487:gives 23 June (
3483:
3479:
3471:
3467:
3455:
3451:
3423:
3419:
3414:
3392:
3379:
3213:Domitia Longina
3202:
3035:
2988:
2777:
2763:
2614:
2565:
2276:
2273:
2244:
2237:
2226:
2220:
2211:
2204:
2195:
2192:Vatican Museums
2188:
2179:
2168:
2159:
2156:Palazzo Massimo
2145:
2136:
2123:
2081:
2079:Flavian dynasty
2075:
2002:
1996:
1991:
1953:Temple of Peace
1932:Natural History
1927:Pliny the Elder
1902:
1885:
1878:
1838:
1808:
1749:
1726:Pliny the Elder
1670:
1657:
1532:vectigal urinae
1474:
1438:
1430:
1427:
1415:
1387:
1384:
1375:
1372:
1363:
1360:
1344:Flavian dynasty
1332:
1327:
1325:Emperor (69–79)
1122:
1088:Flavian dynasty
1086:
1077:
1058:
1050:
1042:
1034:
989:
983:
922:Siege of Yodfat
867:
861:
816:. According to
814:Africa Province
786:
666:, stationed in
649:
538:
533:
451:
421:, a general in
346:Flavian dynasty
308:
302:
296:
272:
268:
206:
179:
178:
170:
164:
136:
123:
107:
105:
57:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10825:
10815:
10814:
10809:
10804:
10802:Roman pharaohs
10799:
10794:
10789:
10784:
10779:
10774:
10769:
10764:
10759:
10754:
10749:
10744:
10739:
10734:
10729:
10724:
10719:
10714:
10709:
10692:
10691:
10689:
10688:
10676:
10665:
10662:
10661:
10659:
10658:
10656:Temple menorah
10653:
10648:
10643:
10636:
10635:
10634:
10622:
10615:
10608:
10605:The Jewish War
10601:
10596:
10591:
10586:
10581:
10576:
10570:
10568:
10567:Related topics
10564:
10563:
10560:
10559:
10557:
10556:
10551:
10546:
10541:
10536:
10531:
10525:
10523:
10516:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10504:
10503:
10493:
10488:
10483:
10482:
10481:
10470:
10468:
10464:
10463:
10460:
10459:
10457:
10456:
10451:
10445:
10443:
10437:
10436:
10434:
10433:
10428:
10422:
10420:
10414:
10413:
10411:
10410:
10404:
10402:
10398:
10397:
10395:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10374:
10369:
10363:
10361:
10355:
10354:
10352:
10351:
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10324:Cestius Gallus
10321:
10319:Gessius Florus
10315:
10313:
10304:
10300:
10299:
10296:
10295:
10293:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10271:
10269:
10265:
10264:
10262:
10261:
10256:
10250:
10248:
10244:
10243:
10241:
10240:
10235:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10204:
10202:
10196:
10195:
10193:
10192:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10172:
10166:
10164:
10160:
10159:
10157:
10156:
10151:
10145:
10143:
10136:
10131:
10130:
10123:
10121:
10119:
10118:
10113:
10108:
10103:
10097:
10095:
10091:
10090:
10082:
10079:
10078:
10071:
10070:
10063:
10056:
10048:
10039:
10038:
10033:
10030:
10029:
10026:
10025:
10023:
10022:
10017:
10012:
10007:
10002:
9997:
9992:
9987:
9982:
9977:
9972:
9967:
9962:
9957:
9952:
9947:
9944:
9941:
9935:
9932:
9931:
9921:
9920:
9917:
9916:
9913:
9912:
9909:
9908:
9906:
9905:
9903:Maximinus Daza
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9878:
9871:
9864:
9859:
9852:
9845:
9838:
9831:
9824:
9817:
9810:
9803:
9798:
9791:
9784:
9779:
9774:
9767:
9760:
9753:
9746:
9739:
9732:
9725:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9686:
9679:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9662:Antoninus Pius
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9597:
9592:
9586:
9584:
9575:
9572:(30 BC–313 AD)
9563:
9562:
9559:
9558:
9556:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9535:
9530:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9412:
9410:
9404:
9403:
9401:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9384:
9382:
9373:
9361:
9360:
9357:
9356:
9354:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9336:Artaxerxes III
9332:
9330:
9324:
9323:
9321:
9320:
9315:
9310:
9304:
9302:
9296:
9295:
9293:
9292:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9270:
9264:
9262:
9256:
9255:
9253:
9252:
9246:
9244:
9238:
9237:
9235:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9212:
9207:
9205:Petubastis III
9202:
9196:
9194:
9188:
9187:
9185:
9184:
9179:
9174:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9142:
9137:
9129:
9127:
9118:
9106:
9105:
9102:
9101:
9099:
9098:
9093:
9092:
9091:
9088:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9070:
9067:
9060:
9059:
9038:
9037:
9034:
9033:
9030:
9029:
9026:
9025:
9023:
9022:
9017:
9012:
9007:
9002:
8996:
8994:
8988:
8987:
8985:
8984:
8979:
8973:
8971:
8965:
8964:
8962:
8961:
8956:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8906:
8904:
8898:
8897:
8895:
8894:
8889:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8829:
8827:
8821:
8820:
8818:
8817:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8785:
8780:
8773:
8767:
8765:
8759:
8758:
8756:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8719:
8717:
8708:
8700:3 Intermediate
8696:
8695:
8692:
8691:
8689:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8653:
8648:
8643:
8637:
8635:
8629:
8628:
8626:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8584:
8582:
8576:
8575:
8573:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8496:
8494:
8485:
8482:(1550–1070 BC)
8473:
8472:
8469:
8468:
8465:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8447:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8435:
8432:
8425:
8424:
8403:
8402:
8399:
8398:
8395:
8394:
8391:
8390:
8388:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8367:
8362:
8357:
8352:
8347:
8340:
8334:
8332:
8326:
8325:
8323:
8322:
8315:
8308:
8301:
8293:
8291:
8285:
8284:
8282:
8281:
8274:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8217:
8215:Neferhotep III
8212:
8207:
8201:
8199:
8193:
8192:
8190:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8155:
8148:
8141:
8133:
8131:
8125:
8124:
8122:
8121:
8114:
8107:
8100:
8093:
8086:
8079:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8045:Sewadjkare III
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8014:Maaibre Sheshi
8010:
8007:'Ammu Ahotepre
8003:
7996:
7989:
7981:
7979:
7973:
7972:
7970:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7917:Merhotepre Ini
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7877:Sobekhotep III
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7749:
7747:
7738:
7735:(1802–1550 BC)
7730:2 Intermediate
7726:
7725:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7718:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7670:
7668:
7662:
7661:
7659:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7642:
7640:
7636:
7635:
7633:
7632:
7627:
7625:Mentuhotep III
7622:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7596:
7594:
7585:
7582:(2040–1802 BC)
7577:Middle Kingdom
7573:
7572:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7565:
7560:
7559:
7558:
7555:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7537:
7534:
7527:
7526:
7514:Middle Kingdom
7505:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7493:
7492:
7490:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7477:Neferkare VIII
7474:
7468:
7466:
7460:
7459:
7457:
7456:
7449:
7444:
7442:Nebkaure Khety
7439:
7434:
7432:Meryibre Khety
7428:
7426:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7416:
7409:
7402:
7395:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7366:Neferkamin Anu
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7307:
7305:
7292:
7289:(2181–2040 BC)
7284:1 Intermediate
7280:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7273:
7272:
7265:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7222:
7220:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7210:
7205:
7203:Djedkare Isesi
7200:
7198:Menkauhor Kaiu
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7164:
7162:
7156:
7155:
7153:
7152:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7107:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7095:
7090:
7083:
7076:
7071:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7048:
7046:
7037:
7034:(2686–2181 BC)
7025:
7024:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7017:
7012:
7005:
6998:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6974:
6967:
6960:
6953:
6946:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6923:
6921:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6911:
6904:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6852:
6850:
6841:
6838:(3150–2686 BC)
6833:Early Dynastic
6829:
6828:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6821:
6812:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6788:
6781:
6774:
6767:
6760:
6753:
6746:
6738:
6736:
6730:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6719:
6714:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6686:
6679:
6672:
6665:
6658:
6651:
6644:
6637:
6630:
6622:
6620:
6611:
6599:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6591:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6581:
6574:
6572:
6569:
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2128:Antonia Caenis
2111:(born 39) and
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2066:cursus honorum
2046:Vespasia Polla
2024:, worked as a
1995:
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1846:Aquae Cutiliae
1837:
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1774:, begun under
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1728:dedicated his
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9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9481:Cleopatra III
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9413:
9411:
9409:
9405:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9389:
9386:
9385:
9383:
9381:
9377:
9374:
9366:
9362:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9333:
9331:
9329:
9325:
9319:
9316:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9305:
9303:
9301:
9297:
9291:
9290:
9286:
9284:
9283:Nepherites II
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9269:
9266:
9265:
9263:
9261:
9257:
9251:
9248:
9247:
9245:
9243:
9239:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9217:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9197:
9195:
9193:
9189:
9183:
9180:
9178:
9175:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9147:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9135:
9131:
9130:
9128:
9126:
9122:
9119:
9111:
9107:
9097:
9094:
9089:
9086:
9085:
9083:
9082:
9080:
9074:
9071:
9065:
9061:
9052:
9048:
9043:
9039:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8997:
8995:
8993:
8989:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8974:
8972:
8970:
8966:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8954:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8927:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8907:
8905:
8903:
8899:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8887:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8850:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8830:
8828:
8826:
8822:
8816:
8815:
8814:Psusennes III
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8779:
8778:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8768:
8766:
8764:
8760:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8720:
8718:
8716:
8712:
8709:
8705:(1069–664 BC)
8701:
8697:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8671:Ramesses VIII
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8652:
8649:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8638:
8636:
8634:
8630:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8585:
8583:
8581:
8577:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8540:Amenhotep III
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8493:
8489:
8486:
8478:
8474:
8463:
8460:
8455:
8449:
8448:
8445:
8439:
8436:
8430:
8426:
8417:
8413:
8408:
8404:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8380:Seqenenre Tao
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8361:
8358:
8356:
8355:Sobekemsaf II
8353:
8351:
8348:
8346:
8345:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8335:
8333:
8331:
8327:
8321:
8320:
8316:
8314:
8313:
8309:
8307:
8306:
8305:Wepwawetemsaf
8302:
8300:
8299:
8295:
8294:
8292:
8290:
8286:
8280:
8279:
8275:
8273:
8272:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8202:
8200:
8198:
8194:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8177:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8160:
8156:
8154:
8153:
8149:
8147:
8146:
8142:
8140:
8139:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8130:
8126:
8120:
8119:
8115:
8113:
8112:
8108:
8106:
8105:
8101:
8099:
8098:
8094:
8092:
8091:
8087:
8085:
8084:
8080:
8078:
8077:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8015:
8011:
8009:
8008:
8004:
8002:
8001:
7997:
7995:
7994:
7990:
7988:
7987:
7983:
7982:
7980:
7978:
7974:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7912:Merneferre Ay
7910:
7908:
7907:Wahibre Ibiau
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7892:Sobekhotep IV
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7852:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7755:
7751:
7750:
7748:
7746:
7742:
7739:
7731:
7727:
7717:
7716:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7699:Amenemhat III
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7671:
7669:
7667:
7663:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7643:
7641:
7637:
7631:
7630:Mentuhotep IV
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7620:Mentuhotep II
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7589:
7586:
7578:
7574:
7564:
7561:
7556:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7549:
7547:
7541:
7538:
7532:
7528:
7519:
7515:
7510:
7506:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7482:Wahkare Khety
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7465:
7461:
7455:
7454:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7437:Neferkare VII
7435:
7433:
7430:
7429:
7427:
7425:
7421:
7415:
7414:
7410:
7408:
7407:
7403:
7401:
7400:
7396:
7394:
7393:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7304:
7300:
7296:
7293:
7285:
7281:
7271:
7270:
7266:
7264:
7263:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7223:
7221:
7219:
7215:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7163:
7161:
7157:
7151:
7150:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7133:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7104:
7100:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7088:
7084:
7082:
7081:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7049:
7047:
7045:
7041:
7038:
7030:
7026:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7010:
7006:
7004:
7003:
6999:
6997:
6996:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6984:Seth-Peribsen
6982:
6980:
6979:
6975:
6973:
6972:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6961:
6959:
6958:
6954:
6952:
6951:
6947:
6945:
6944:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6927:Hotepsekhemwy
6925:
6924:
6922:
6920:
6916:
6910:
6909:
6905:
6903:
6902:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6851:
6849:
6845:
6842:
6834:
6830:
6820:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6810:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6782:
6780:
6779:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6768:
6766:
6765:
6761:
6759:
6758:
6754:
6752:
6751:
6747:
6745:
6744:
6740:
6739:
6737:
6735:
6731:
6725:
6724:
6720:
6718:
6717:Double Falcon
6715:
6713:
6712:
6708:
6706:
6705:
6701:
6699:
6698:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6687:
6685:
6684:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6666:
6664:
6663:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6645:
6643:
6642:
6638:
6636:
6635:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6619:
6615:
6612:
6608:(pre-3150 BC)
6604:
6603:Protodynastic
6600:
6590:
6587:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6567:
6564:
6558:
6554:
6545:
6541:
6540:Protodynastic
6536:
6532:
6528:
6521:
6516:
6514:
6509:
6507:
6502:
6501:
6498:
6485:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6468:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6451:
6448:
6445:
6442:
6439:
6436:
6433:
6430:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6417:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6326:
6325:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6294:
6293:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6266:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6230:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6213:
6212:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6120:
6119:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6086:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6064:
6063:Theodora (II)
6061:
6058:
6057:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6035:
6032:
6029:
6028:
6023:
6022:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5978:
5977:
5973:
5971:
5970:Constantine V
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5955:Anastasius II
5953:
5951:
5948:
5945:
5944:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5869:
5863:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5778:Theodosius II
5776:
5774:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5754:
5753:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5737:
5735:
5734:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5664:
5663:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5637:
5636:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5621:
5620:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5586:Valentinian I
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5558:
5557:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5509:
5508:Constantine I
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5498:Constantius I
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5160:
5156:
5151:
5147:
5140:
5135:
5133:
5128:
5126:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5108:
5104:
5097:
5096:
5088:
5087:
5080:
5072:
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4989:
4981:
4977:
4968:
4967:
4966:Roman emperor
4960:
4954:
4949:
4944:
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4922:
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4911:Franks Casket
4908:
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4749:
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4734:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4721:
4720:Roman History
4718:Cassius Dio,
4716:
4713:
4711:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4696:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4676:
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4667:
4666:public domain
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4607:
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4584:
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4532:Roman History
4530:Cassius Dio,
4527:
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4487:
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4476:
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4423:Roman History
4421:Cassius Dio,
4418:
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4407:Roman History
4405:Cassius Dio,
4402:
4395:
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4347:Against Apion
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4206:Roman History
4204:Cassius Dio,
4201:
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4180:Roman History
4178:Cassius Dio,
4175:
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3955:Roman History
3953:Cassius Dio,
3950:
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3806:
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3794:
3791:
3790:Roman History
3785:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3738:
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3726:
3720:Levick (1999)
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3541:0-7867-1241-4
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2197:
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2186:
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2177:
2173:
2166:
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2157:
2153:
2149:
2148:Portrait bust
2143:
2138:
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2110:
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2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2032:and became a
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1929:'s work, the
1928:
1924:
1920:
1911:
1906:
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1784:Jewish Temple
1781:
1777:
1773:
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1761:
1758:depicting an
1757:
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1573:Jewish Temple
1570:
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1497:
1496:
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1486:Giulio Romano
1482:
1471:
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966:Second Temple
962:
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929:
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764:Isle of Wight
761:
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756:Maiden Castle
753:
749:
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739:
735:
731:
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684:
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644:
642:
638:
637:Antonia Minor
634:
630:
626:
625:
620:
616:
615:
609:
607:
603:
599:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
579:
578:vigintivirate
574:
570:
566:
559:
555:
551:
547:
546:Jewish revolt
542:
528:
526:
522:
520:
515:
510:
508:
504:
500:
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491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
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393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
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366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
338:Roman emperor
334:
330:
326:
320:
266:
258:
255:
251:
248:
245:
241:
238:
235:
233:
229:
220:
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209:
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159:
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117:
114:
110:
103:
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92:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
71:
67:
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63:Roman emperor
60:
56:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
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10624:
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10311:Roman Empire
10084:Part of the
10083:
9880:
9873:
9866:
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9826:
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9734:
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9667:Lucius Verus
9631:
9624:
9525:
9501:Berenice III
9491:Cleopatra IV
9466:Cleopatra II
9398:Alexander IV
9318:Nectanebo II
9287:
9268:Nepherites I
9227:Artaxerxes I
9214:
9144:
9132:
9115:(664–332 BC)
9095:
9051:Roman Period
8953:Shoshenq VII
8951:
8924:
8884:
8865:Shoshenq III
8847:
8812:
8775:
8753:Psusennes II
8666:Ramesses VII
8646:Ramesses III
8530:Amenhotep II
8525:Thutmose III
8461:
8350:Sobekemsaf I
8342:
8317:
8310:
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8152:'Aper-'Anati
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7872:Seth Meribre
7849:
7835:Djedkheperew
7752:
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7694:Senusret III
7684:Amenemhat II
7600:Mentuhotep I
7562:
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7316:Neferkare II
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6750:Finger Snail
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6393:Andronikos V
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6239:
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6006:Nikephoros I
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5938:Justinian II
5933:Tiberius III
5923:Justinian II
5914:
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5815:Anastasius I
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5746:Julius Nepos
5738:
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5608:Theodosius I
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5525:Maximinus II
5512:
5414:
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5249:Lucius Verus
5208:
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5086:Roman consul
5084:
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5048:Roman consul
5046:
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4993:
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4620:29 September
4618:. Retrieved
4609:
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4587:. Retrieved
4583:the original
4573:
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4539:
4531:
4526:
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4507:
4502:
4490:. Retrieved
4486:LacusCurtius
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4073:. Retrieved
4059:
4047:. Retrieved
4038:
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4008:
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3983:. Retrieved
3979:the original
3974:
3954:
3934:. Retrieved
3911:
3882:. Retrieved
3859:
3830:. Retrieved
3826:
3804:
3799:
3789:
3788:Cassius Dio
3784:
3772:
3767:
3755:
3750:
3742:
3725:
3703:
3698:
3668:
3663:
3643:
3636:. Retrieved
3595:
3591:
3581:
3572:
3526:
3520:
3508:
3488:
3480:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3428:
3420:
3197:
3189:Julia Flavia
3030:
2983:
2790:Junia Lepida
2778:(died young)
2759:
2758:
2227: 80 AD
2174:, 69–79 AD,
2082:
2064:
2058:
2003:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1961:
1949:
1937:
1930:
1915:
1887:
1880:
1872:
1864:
1858:
1839:
1811:
1809:
1768:
1734:
1729:
1710:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1687:
1658:
1626:
1610:Medinet Habu
1594:Dakhla Oasis
1562:
1555:
1530:
1527:Emperor Nero
1524:
1513:
1508:
1493:
1491:
1435:
1424:
1406:Flavian tree
1357:
1342:
1319:
1292:
1274:
1263:
1261:
1238:
1206:grain supply
1203:
1196:
1171:
1158:
1127:
1083:
1074:
1053:
963:
936:
925:
911:
888:
846:
844:(muleteer).
841:
834:
825:
799:
775:
750:, including
741:
723:
678:
662:
650:
622:
612:
610:
595:
577:
569:magistracies
562:
536:Early career
517:
511:
492:
452:
435:
408:
381:
350:
264:
263:
180:
165: 65–74
53:Bust at the
36:
10712:AD 9 births
10579:Burnt House
10233:Mount Tabor
9771:Gordian III
9716:Diadumenian
9516:Cleopatra V
9370:(332–30 BC)
9365:Hellenistic
9308:Nectanebo I
9200:Cambyses II
9182:Psamtik III
9140:Tefnakht II
8942:Takelot III
8937:Osorkon III
8932:Shoshenq VI
8886:Pedubast II
8870:Shoshenq IV
8843:Shoshenq II
8808:Pinedjem II
8798:Menkheperre
8733:Psusennes I
8686:Ramesses XI
8676:Ramesses IX
8661:Ramesses VI
8651:Ramesses IV
8598:Ramesses II
8560:Tutankhamun
8535:Thutmose IV
8515:Thutmose II
8505:Amenhotep I
8477:New Kingdom
8412:New Kingdom
8271:Senusret IV
8255:Dedumose II
8230:Nebiriau II
8225:Nebiryraw I
8220:Mentuhotepi
8025:Khakherewre
7952:Merkheperre
7862:Imyremeshaw
7845:Sedjefakare
7800:Sehetepibre
7775:Ameny Qemau
7709:Sobekneferu
7689:Senusret II
7674:Amenemhat I
7656:Iyibkhentre
7386:Neferirkare
7381:Neferkauhor
7188:Shepseskare
7029:Old Kingdom
7015:Khasekhemwy
6995:Neferkara I
6964:Weneg-Nebty
6809:Scorpion II
6452:(1224–1242)
6446:(1204–1461)
6235:Konstantios
6112:Christopher
6085:Constantine
6075:Michael III
6056:Constantine
6039:Constantine
6021:Theophylact
5950:Philippicus
5900:Constans II
5825:Justinian I
5721:Severus III
5669:Constans II
5423:Claudius II
5399:Silbannacus
5346:Gordian III
5321:Maximinus I
5289:Diadumenian
4889:, biography
4871:11343/91093
4708:Suetonius,
4634:Suetonius,
4466:Suetonius,
4453:Suetonius,
4358:Suetonius,
4248:Suetonius,
4235:Suetonius,
4217:Suetonius,
4039:remacle.org
3832:1 September
3741:Suetonius,
3702:Suetonius,
3667:Suetonius,
3497:Cassius Dio
3473:Cassius Dio
2152:civic crown
2034:moneylender
2000:Flavia gens
1979:vespasienne
1879:Suetonius,
1661:tribunician
1622:Leontopolis
1618:Nile Valley
1600:as well as
1538:Dio Cassius
1488:, ca. 1540.
1436:Followed by
1425:Preceded by
1401:Gens Flavia
1084:Followed by
1075:Preceded by
879:IVDEA CAPTA
565:praetorship
404:Roman Egypt
375:during the
367:during the
329:Vespasianus
216:Regnal name
77:Predecessor
18:Vespasianus
10701:Categories
10529:Tisha B'Av
10185:Beth–Horon
9888:Diocletian
9842:Quintillus
9795:Aemilianus
9750:Gordian II
9722:Elagabalus
9543:Arsinoe IV
9426:Arsinoe II
9351:Darius III
9278:Psammuthes
9167:Psamtik II
8982:Bakenranef
8920:Pedubast I
8915:Takelot II
8910:Harsiese A
8892:Osorkon IV
8880:Shoshenq V
8860:Osorkon II
8833:Shoshenq I
8803:Smendes II
8783:Pinedjem I
8728:Amenemnisu
8681:Ramesses X
8656:Ramesses V
8608:Amenmesses
8588:Ramesses I
8550:Smenkhkare
8520:Hatshepsut
8510:Thutmose I
8260:Montuemsaf
8250:Dedumose I
8050:Nebdjefare
8040:Merdjefare
7810:Nedjemibre
7805:Sewadjkare
7679:Senusret I
7651:Qakare Ini
7472:Meryhathor
7376:Neferkaure
7371:Qakare Iby
7356:Neferkahor
7341:Neferkamin
7149:Thamphthis
7143:Shepseskaf
7057:Sekhemkhet
6908:Horus Bird
6785:Scorpion I
6229:Andronikos
6217:Nikephoros
6166:Michael IV
6131:Romanos II
6051:Theophilos
6046:Michael II
6027:Staurakios
6011:Staurakios
5983:Nikephoros
5976:Artabasdos
5888:Heraclonas
5845:Theodosius
5803:Basiliscus
5563:Nepotianus
5556:Magnentius
5550:Constans I
5503:Severus II
5483:Diocletian
5428:Quintillus
5393:Aemilianus
5386:Volusianus
5331:Gordian II
5296:Elagabalus
5159:Principate
4925:Vespasian
4722:, Books 64
4589:4 December
4443:: 195–226.
4396:, preface.
4345:Josephus,
3936:26 January
3884:26 January
3412:References
2612:Germanicus
2077:See also:
2042:tax-farmer
1998:See also:
1983:Pay toilet
1975:vespasiano
1969:In modern
1951:Rome: the
1923:Quintilian
1786:after the
1690:auctoritas
1351:Chronology
1311:Siwa Oasis
1241:Alexandria
1130:civil wars
1065:Succession
1022:Chronology
907:Alexandria
875:sestertius
873:Vespasian
802:consulship
748:hill forts
734:Durotriges
730:Chichester
619:patricians
617:, but non-
552:in a 1470
480:equestrian
468:His family
464:Falacrinae
455:pronounced
449:Early life
357:senatorial
353:equestrian
109:Falacrinum
10717:79 deaths
10707:Vespasian
10544:Colosseum
10501:Kitos War
10491:Sicaricon
10467:Aftermath
10329:Vespasian
10280:Machaerus
10259:Jerusalem
10223:Tarichaea
10175:1st Jaffa
10020:Ptolemaic
9828:Gallienus
9743:Gordian I
9706:Caracalla
9632:Vespasian
9626:Vitellius
9408:Ptolemaic
9250:Amyrtaeus
9232:Darius II
9177:Ahmose II
9157:Psamtik I
9096:uncertain
9084:Pharaohs
9020:Tanutamun
8855:Takelot I
8838:Osorkon I
8788:Masaharta
8738:Amenemope
8641:Setnakhte
8603:Merneptah
8545:Akhenaten
8462:uncertain
8344:Nebmaatre
8165:Sakir-Har
8118:Yaqub-Har
8030:Nebefawre
7780:Hotepibre
7646:Segerseni
7615:Intef III
7563:uncertain
7551:Pharaohs
7183:Neferefre
7009:Hudjefa I
6890:Semerkhet
6627:Hedju Hor
6589:uncertain
6577:Pharaohs
6471:Classical
6456:Empresses
6440:(286–296)
6434:(267–273)
6428:(260–274)
6171:Michael V
6097:Alexander
5910:Heraclius
5878:Heraclius
5830:Justin II
5740:Glycerius
5727:Anthemius
5597:Procopius
5535:Martinian
5514:Maxentius
5443:Florianus
5416:Saloninus
5411:Gallienus
5380:Hostilian
5356:Philip II
5326:Gordian I
5274:Caracalla
5209:Vespasian
5204:Vitellius
4959:Vitellius
4820:Vespasian
4740:, Books 2
4701:Histories
4699:Tacitus,
4675:Vespasian
4386:Histories
4384:Tacitus,
4332:vi, 1257(
4152:Histories
4150:Tacitus,
3774:Histories
3628:161746778
3612:0009-837X
3598:(1): 83.
3558:cite book
3485:Suetonius
3457:Suetonius
3425:Suetonius
2760:Vespasian
2566:(praetor)
2564:Vespasius
2124: 45
2117:Domitilla
2093:Ferentium
2014:Pharsalus
2010:centurion
1957:Colosseum
1910:Colosseum
1892:and then
1861:Suetonius
1830:Brigantes
1792:Suetonius
1780:Colosseum
1717:Suetonius
1586:Apis bull
1542:Suetonius
1520:urine tax
1358:Vespasian
1222:Bedriacum
1193:Illyricum
1181:Rhineland
1173:Vitellius
1142:Vitellius
1054:Vespasian
1046:Vitellius
903:auxiliary
822:Suetonius
810:Agrippina
703:Wiltshire
699:Hampshire
675:Narcissus
661:Legio II
641:courtiers
589:down his
550:miniature
499:Ansedonia
439:Colosseum
431:Jerusalem
400:Vitellius
265:Vespasian
158:concubine
87:Successor
81:Vitellius
42:Vespasian
10674:Category
10392:Josephus
10275:Herodium
10238:Gischala
10190:Ein Gedi
9980:21 to 23
9898:Galerius
9893:Maximian
9882:Numerian
9849:Aurelian
9801:Valerian
9764:Balbinus
9757:Pupienus
9711:Macrinus
9683:Pertinax
9677:Commodus
9642:Domitian
9605:Claudius
9600:Caligula
9595:Tiberius
9590:Augustus
9210:Darius I
9162:Necho II
9005:Shebitku
8977:Tefnakht
8570:Horemheb
8500:Ahmose I
8312:Pantjeny
8298:Senebkay
8278:Pepi III
8240:Bebiankh
8097:Shenshek
8055:Nebsenre
7887:Sihathor
7857:Khendjer
7820:Renseneb
7765:Nerikare
7610:Intef II
7487:Merykare
7392:Wadjkare
7336:Merenhor
7231:Userkare
7138:Menkaure
7132:Bikheris
7121:Djedefre
7087:Qahedjet
6971:Wadjenes
6957:Horus Sa
6950:Nubnefer
6937:Nynetjer
6901:Sneferka
6641:Ni-Neith
6527:Pharaohs
6466:Usurpers
6461:Augustae
6419:See also
6324:Nicholas
6146:Basil II
5943:Tiberius
5928:Leontius
5916:Tiberius
5893:Tiberius
5871:610–1453
5866:Eastern/
5820:Justin I
5773:Arcadius
5733:Olybrius
5715:Majorian
5656:Honorius
5635:Eugenius
5570:Vetranio
5520:Licinius
5493:Galerius
5488:Maximian
5473:Dominate
5463:Numerian
5433:Aurelian
5406:Valerian
5351:Philip I
5341:Balbinus
5336:Pupienus
5284:Macrinus
5259:Pertinax
5254:Commodus
5219:Domitian
5184:Claudius
5179:Caligula
5174:Tiberius
5169:Augustus
5107:Domitian
5039:Domitian
5027:Domitian
4764:(2012).
4614:Archived
4492:29 April
4319:, p. 251
4130:Archived
4099:Archived
4069:Archived
4043:Archived
4013:Archived
3632:Archived
3550:53474742
3445:Augustus
3390:See also
3199:Domitian
3032:Caligula
3024:Caesonia
2801:Vistilia
2389:Tertulla
2210:, Moscow
2101:Sabratha
2038:Helvetii
1964:denarius
1940:Republic
1894:Domitian
1877:—
1854:diarrhea
1842:Campania
1721:Josephus
1694:maiestas
1606:Kom Ombo
1577:Eusebius
1504:Domitian
1500:Mucianus
1386:81–96 AD
1382:Domitian
1374:79–81 AD
1362:69–79 AD
1257:miracles
1198:de facto
1189:Pannonia
1179:and the
959:buoyancy
955:Dead Sea
808:' wife,
806:Claudius
752:Hod Hill
738:Dumnonii
719:Cornwall
711:Somerset
672:freedman
668:Germania
653:Claudius
614:Imperium
602:quaestor
583:Caligula
558:Josephus
443:Agricola
423:Pannonia
411:Mucianus
202:Domitian
10685:Commons
10441:Sicarii
10418:Zealots
10094:Origins
9875:Carinus
9856:Tacitus
9814:Quietus
9657:Hadrian
9341:Khabash
9172:Wahibre
9152:Necho I
9146:Nekauba
9134:Ammeris
9077:Dynasty
9015:Taharqa
9010:Shabaka
8947:Rudamun
8926:Iuput I
8771:Herihor
8723:Smendes
8623:Twosret
8613:Seti II
8457:female)
8442:Dynasty
8338:Rahotep
8235:Semenre
8205:Djehuti
8187:Khamudi
8176:Yanassi
8159:Salitis
8111:Yakareb
8104:Khamure
8035:Sehebre
7957:Merkare
7605:Intef I
7544:Dynasty
7453:Imhotep
7413:Iytjenu
7399:Khuiqer
7311:Menkare
7262:Neferka
7246:Pepi II
7168:Userkaf
7062:Sanakht
6885:Anedjib
6865:Hor-Aha
6798:Iry-Hor
6792:Shendjw
6764:Pen-Abu
6648:Hat-Hor
6570:Dynasty
6476:Eastern
6376:Matthew
6270:Alexios
6118:Stephen
6080:Basil I
5965:Leo III
5840:Maurice
5783:Marcian
5766:395–610
5690:Joannes
5649:395–480
5603:Gratian
5476:284–610
5458:Carinus
5438:Tacitus
5314:235–285
5234:Hadrian
4800:170–173
4688:Sources
4668::
4506:Plin.,
4425:LXVI.13
4409:LXVI.12
4265:Suet.,
4208:LXVI.10
4182:LXV.8–9
4136:4 March
4105:4 March
4075:4 March
4049:4 March
4019:4 March
3985:4 March
3957:, LXV.2
3433:Kalends
3219:Domitia
3203:(81–96)
3036:(37–41)
2989:(79–81)
2764:(69–79)
2134:Gallery
2054:Senator
2026:customs
1919:rhetors
1764:Pompeii
1713:Tacitus
1682:Fortuna
1616:in the
1614:Silsila
1596:in the
1590:Memphis
1558:Tacitus
1511:proverb
1429:Year of
1309:of the
1305:at the
1299:pharaoh
1295:pharaoh
1288:
1249:Serapis
1245:treason
1234:Capitol
1226:Cremona
1218:Mevania
1154:oracles
974:Tacitus
970:Messiah
947:Essenes
943:Jericho
830:turnips
818:Tacitus
679:Augusta
663:Augusta
629:tribune
598:Sejanus
573:Thracia
488:Senator
379:of 66.
237:Flavian
232:Dynasty
141:Spouses
10812:Flavii
10640:Masada
10574:Judaea
10290:Masada
10285:Jardes
10218:Yodfat
10213:Gabara
10015:Argead
9862:Probus
9782:Decius
9777:Philip
9652:Trajan
9380:Argead
9289:Muthis
9242:XXVIII
9222:Xerxes
9090:female
9068:Period
8777:Piankh
8748:Siamun
8618:Siptah
8593:Seti I
8433:Period
8385:Kamose
8319:Snaaib
8289:Abydos
8145:Semqen
8138:Sharek
8090:Sheneh
8070:'Apepi
8065:Bebnum
8020:Nehesy
7840:Sebkay
7760:Sonbef
7557:female
7535:Period
7346:Nikare
7236:Pepi I
7173:Sahure
7126:Khafre
7111:Snefru
7080:Sedjes
7052:Djoser
6978:Senedj
6856:Narmer
6815:Narmer
6697:Wazner
6662:Hsekiu
6634:Ny-Hor
6583:female
6561:Period
6238:&
6214:&
6121:&
6092:Leo VI
6068:Thekla
6024:&
5991:Leo IV
5913:&
5852:Phocas
5808:Marcus
5793:Leo II
5709:Avitus
5626:Victor
5591:Valens
5581:Jovian
5576:Julian
5448:Probus
5383:&
5363:Decius
5311:Crisis
5229:Trajan
4970:69–79
4941:
4850:
4827:
4806:
4774:
4662:
4552:
4470:, 23:4
4302:
4269:. 7.2.
3927:
3875:
3706:, p. 2
3638:21 May
3626:
3620:265251
3618:
3610:
3548:
3538:
3513:Cooley
2776:Flavia
2194:, Rome
2178:, Rome
2158:, Rome
2119:(born
2105:Africa
2018:Pompey
1900:Legacy
1772:Apollo
1756:Relief
1706:Vindex
1702:vindex
1678:aureus
1676:Roman
1392:Family
1253:vision
1191:, and
1185:Moesia
1146:Judaea
951:Qumran
918:Jewish
883:Judaea
772:Exeter
760:Dorset
743:oppida
707:Dorset
695:Thames
691:Medway
657:legate
624:aedile
525:Danube
419:Primus
417:, and
373:Judaea
361:legate
253:Mother
243:Father
182:Detail
154:Caenis
131:Burial
10334:Titus
10228:Gamla
9868:Carus
9647:Nerva
9637:Titus
9615:Galba
9582:XXXIV
9567:Roman
9346:Arses
9273:Hakor
9192:XXVII
8902:XXIII
8492:XVIII
8452:(male
8182:Apepi
8170:Khyan
8083:Wazad
7851:Wegaf
7785:Iufni
7639:Nubia
7447:Setut
7269:Nefer
7116:Khufu
7074:Khaba
7068:Nebka
6932:Nebra
6860:Menes
6819:Menes
6771:Stork
6734:Upper
6690:Neheb
6683:Thesh
6669:Khayu
6618:Lower
6034:Leo V
6001:Irene
5788:Leo I
5453:Carus
5224:Nerva
5214:Titus
5194:Galba
5146:Roman
5103:Titus
5095:Titus
5093:with
5057:Titus
5055:with
5052:74–77
5018:Titus
5011:Nerva
5004:Titus
5002:with
4999:70–72
4976:Titus
4943:Died:
4936:Born:
4511:pref.
3793:LXV.1
3761:6.5.4
3745:. 4–5
3704:Vesp.
3624:S2CID
3616:JSTOR
3501:66.17
3461:Titus
3429:Vesp.
2985:Titus
2172:Ostia
2091:from
1890:Titus
1850:Reate
1836:Death
1737:Stoic
1581:David
1569:Titus
1551:money
1546:Titus
1370:Titus
1220:) at
1210:Italy
1150:omens
1134:Galba
1057:69–79
1033:68–69
1030:Galba
949:from
899:Syria
891:Judea
842:mulio
826:Vesp.
715:Devon
606:Crete
507:villa
503:Italy
427:Titus
415:Syria
392:Galba
325:Latin
192:Titus
176:Issue
113:Italy
91:Titus
69:Reign
10180:Geva
9701:Geta
9620:Otho
9610:Nero
9328:XXXI
9313:Teos
9260:XXIX
9125:XXVI
9110:Late
9087:male
9047:Late
9000:Piye
8969:XXIV
8875:Pami
8825:XXII
8414:and
8330:XVII
8076:Nuya
7745:XIII
7554:male
7516:and
7406:Khui
7303:VIII
7226:Teti
7208:Unas
7093:Huni
6895:Qa'a
6875:Djet
6870:Djer
6778:Bull
6757:Fish
6723:Wash
6704:Mekh
6580:male
6390:(w.
6373:(w.
6321:(w.
6292:John
6289:(w.
6267:(w.
6255:(w.
6226:(w.
6208:(w.
6109:(w.
6082:(w.
6065:(w.
6053:(w.
6036:(w.
6018:(w.
5979:(w.
5940:(w.
5907:(w.
5890:(w.
5842:(w.
5805:(w.
5798:Zeno
5665:(w.
5622:(w.
5413:(w.
5377:(w.
5365:(w.
5353:(w.
5286:(w.
5279:Geta
5199:Otho
5189:Nero
5148:and
5020:(72)
5013:(71)
5006:(70)
4848:ISBN
4825:ISBN
4804:ISBN
4772:ISBN
4746:and
4728:and
4636:Vesp
4622:2017
4591:2018
4550:ISBN
4494:2020
4457:. 25
4455:Vesp
4362:. 18
4360:Vesp
4300:ISBN
4267:Vesp
4256:5.41
4250:Vesp
4219:Vesp
4138:2019
4107:2019
4077:2019
4051:2019
4021:2019
3987:2019
3938:2021
3925:ISBN
3886:2021
3873:ISBN
3834:2022
3778:5.13
3743:Vesp
3669:Vesp
3640:2021
3608:ISSN
3564:link
3546:OCLC
3536:ISBN
3439:and
2030:Asia
2016:for
1798:and
1776:Nero
1719:and
1639:and
1629:Gaul
1602:Esna
1540:and
1315:Amun
1286:lit.
1268:was
1262:The
1177:Gaul
1152:and
1138:Otho
1038:Otho
916:, a
853:lyre
849:Nero
838:mule
794:Nero
754:and
736:and
717:and
693:and
591:toga
587:muck
548:, a
495:Cosa
396:Otho
394:and
388:Nero
135:Rome
119:Died
101:Born
9300:XXX
9049:to
8992:XXV
8715:XXI
8580:XIX
8197:XVI
7977:XIV
7825:Hor
7666:XII
7299:VII
7044:III
6880:Den
6676:Tiu
6542:to
6211:Leo
6156:Zoe
5402:(?)
4867:hdl
4677:".
4638:. 3
4441:109
4334:ILS
4330:CIL
4221:. 8
3917:doi
3865:doi
3671:. 2
3600:doi
2103:in
1985:).
1588:at
1239:At
881:, "
758:in
659:of
627:or
363:of
10703::
10010:31
10005:30
10000:27
9995:26
9990:25
9985:24
9975:20
9970:19
9965:18
9960:12
9955:11
8633:XX
8565:Ay
8129:XV
7592:XI
7424:IX
7218:VI
7103:IV
6943:Ba
6919:II
6858:/
6817:/
6803:Ka
6655:Pu
6232:,
6115:,
5090:79
4842:.
4802:.
4742:,
4730:66
4726:65
4724:,
4612:.
4608:.
4508:HN
4483:.
4439:.
4414:^
4287:^
4226:^
4154:IV
4128:.
4124:.
4093:.
4067:.
4041:.
4037:.
4011:.
4007:.
3973:.
3962:^
3946:^
3923:.
3894:^
3871:.
3842:^
3825:.
3812:^
3734:^
3711:^
3676:^
3651:^
3642:.
3630:.
3622:.
3614:.
3606:.
3596:27
3594:.
3590:.
3560:}}
3556:{{
3544:.
3495:.
3459:,
3447:."
3427:,
2233:,
2229:,
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